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    Phonological Rules For English Allophones (A Selection) : The Phonological Rule Examples

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    Meriem Ouldji
    The document summarizes 16 phonological rules for English allophones. The rules describe sound changes such as vowels becoming nasal before nasal consonants, velar consonants becoming more front before front vowels, and oral stops becoming unreleased at the end of words or before other oral stops. Other rules cover aspiration of initial stops, lack of aspiration after 's', devoicing of approximants after aspirated stops, and changes to 't' and 'd' between vowels. Consonants are partially voiced word-initially and -finally depending on surrounding sounds. Vowels shorten before voiceless sounds and nasals and laterals can be syllabic after other consonants.

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    Phonological Rules For English Allophones (A Selection) : The Phonological Rule Examples

    Uploaded by

    Meriem Ouldji
    215 views1 page
    The document summarizes 16 phonological rules for English allophones. The rules describe sound changes such as vowels becoming nasal before nasal consonants, velar consonants becoming more front before front vowels, and oral stops becoming unreleased at the end of words or before other oral stops. Other rules cover aspiration of initial stops, lack of aspiration after 's', devoicing of approximants after aspirated stops, and changes to 't' and 'd' between vowels. Consonants are partially voiced word-initially and -finally depending on surrounding sounds. Vowels shorten before voiceless sounds and nasals and laterals can be syllabic after other consonants.

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    Phonetics

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    The document summarizes 16 phonological rules for English allophones. The rules describe sound changes such as vowels becoming nasal before nasal consonants, velar consonants becoming more front before front vowels, and oral stops becoming unreleased at the end of words or before other oral stops. Other rules cover aspiration of initial stops, lack of aspiration after 's', devoicing of approximants after aspirated stops, and changes to 't' and 'd' between vowels. Consonants are partially voiced word-initially and -finally depending on surrounding sounds. Vowels shorten before voiceless sounds and nasals and laterals can be syllabic after other consonants.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    215 views1 page

    Phonological Rules For English Allophones (A Selection) : The Phonological Rule Examples

    Uploaded by

    Meriem Ouldji
    The document summarizes 16 phonological rules for English allophones. The rules describe sound changes such as vowels becoming nasal before nasal consonants, velar consonants becoming more front before front vowels, and oral stops becoming unreleased at the end of words or before other oral stops. Other rules cover aspiration of initial stops, lack of aspiration after 's', devoicing of approximants after aspirated stops, and changes to 't' and 'd' between vowels. Consonants are partially voiced word-initially and -finally depending on surrounding sounds. Vowels shorten before voiceless sounds and nasals and laterals can be syllabic after other consonants.

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    of 1

    10.

    Phonological Rules for English Allophones (a selection) :

    The phonological rule Examples:

    1. Nasalization [+vowel]  [+nasal] before [+nasal] and, man, ram, camp, sang,
    of vowels
    tank
    2. Fronting of [+velar]  more front before front vowels geese, get, keg
    velars
    3. Dentalisation [+alveoral]  [+dental] before [+dental] tenth [ten̪θ], in theory
    of alveolars
    [ɪn̪θɪǝrɪ], one thing [wʌn̪θɪŋ]

    4. Unreleased [+stops]  unreleased in the word final position or before other oral cap, hat, black, cab, good
    oral stops
    stops
    captain, hatpin, blackboard,
    obtain, good dog
    5. Aspiration of [–voiced]  [+aspirated] when syllable initial pit [phit], tie [thaɪ], come
    stops
    [+stop]
    [khʌm];

    6. Lack of [–voiced]  [– aspirated] after /s/ at the beginning of a syllable spit [spɪt], sty [staɪ], scum
    aspiration after
    [+stop]
    /s/ [skʌm]);

    7. Devoicing of [+approximant]  [-voiced] after [+aspirated, +stop]] pray [pr̊eɪ], play [pl̊eɪ], crew
    approimants
    kr̊u:], clue [kl̊u:], try [tr̊aɪ], twig
    [tẘɪg], tune [tj̊u:n])

    8. Glottal stop [–voiced]  [+glottal stop] + [–voiced] when after a vowel and cup [kʰʌʔp], heap [hi:ʔp], bit
    suport
    [+stop] [+stop] at the end of a syllable
    [bɪʔt], beat [bi:ʔt], buck [bʌʔk],
    oak [ǝʊʔk], felt [feɫʔt])

    9. /t/  glottal [–voiced] pit [pɪʔ], belt [beɫʔ], atlas


    stop
    [+alveolar]  [+glottal stop]
    [æʔlǝs], lightning [laɪʔnɪŋ],
    [+stop]
    pity [pɪʔɪ], bottom [bɒʔǝm]

    10. /t/  tap [–voiced] [+voiced] when it is the single consonant between later [leɪɾr], writing [raɪɾɪŋ],
    [+alveolar]  [+tap] two vowels, the second of which is
    waiter [weɪɾr], divinity
    [+stop] unstressed
    [dɪvɪnɪɾɪ], startle [sta:rɾɫ]

    11. /d/  tap [+voiced] [+voiced] when it is the single consonant between ladder [leɪɾr], riding [raɪɾɪŋ],
    [+alveolar]  [+tap] two vowels, the second of which is
    wader [weɪɾr]
    [+stop] unstressed

    12. Devoicing of [+voiced]  partially voiced when syllable initial except buy, die, guy, zoo, veal, they
    consonants
    [+obstruent] when preceded by a voiced sound
    13. Devoicing of [+voiced]  partially voiced when syllable final except rib, rid, rig, rise, drive, writhe
    consonants
    [+obstruent] when preceded by a voiced sound
    14. Shortening of [+vowel]  shorter before voiceless sounds in the same syllable cap, back
    vowels
    15. Syllabicity of [+nasal]  [+syllabic] when at the end of a word and immediately leaden [ledn̦], chasm [kæsm̦]
    nasals
    after [+obstruent]
    16. Syllabicity of [+lateral]  [+syllabic] when at the end of a word and immediately kiln [kɪln], film [fɪlm], bottle
    laterals
    after another consonant
    [bɒtl]

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