JEE - MATHEMATICS

2
Inverse Trigonometric
Functions
INTRODUCTION DOMAIN & PRINCIPLE VALUE RANGE OF INVERSE
sin–1 x, cos–1 x, tan–1 x etc. represents angles or numbers TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
whose values of sine, cosine and tangent is ‘x’,
provided that the value in numerical form is smallest.
These can be written as arc sin x, arc cos x etc. If two S.No. Function Domain Pr inciple value range (PVR )

angles whose modulus is equal, in which one is   

1. y  sin 1 x x  [1, 1] y   , 
positive and other is negative then we take positive  2 2
2. y  cos 1 x x  [1, 1] y  [0, ]
sign.   
1
3. y  tan x x R y   , 
It is worthwhile noting that the functions sinx, cosx  2 2
1
etc. are in general not invertible. Their inverse is 4. y  cot x x R y  (0, )
1 
defined by choosing an appropriate domain & 5. y  sec x x  (– ,  1]  [1,  ) y  [0, ]   
2
co-odomain so that they become invertible. For this   
6. y  cos ec 1x x  (– ,  1]  [1,  ) y    ,   {0 }
reason the chosen value is usually the simplest and  2 2
easy to remember.

GRAPH OF INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

(a) f : [–/2, /2]  [–1, 1] f–1 : [–1, 1]  [–/2, /2]
f(x) = sin x f–1(x) = sin–1x

y y

y=x
y=arcsinx y=arcsinx
/2 /2

1 y=sinx

–  / 2 –1 –1
x x
0 1 /2 0 1

y=sinx –1
– / 2 – / 2
y=arcsinx y=arcsinx
y=x

Note : sin–1x is , then  is the numerically smallest angle, either negative or positive whose sine is equal to x.
Remarks :
(i) sin–1 x is monotonic increasing in its domain
(ii) It is a bounded function
(iii) It is an odd function
(iv) It is aperiodic
(v) It is continuous
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(b) f : [0, ]  [–1, 1] f –1 : [–1, 1]  [0, ]

f(x) = cos x f –1(x) = cos–1 x

y=arc cosx
y

y=x
y
/2


1
/2
/ 2  x
–1 0 1 1
–1
y=cosx
x
–1 0 1
y=x

Note : cos–1x is , then  is the angle [0, ], whose cosine is equal to x.
Remarks :
(i) cos–1 x is monotonic decreasing in its domain
(ii) It is a bounded function
(iii) It is a periodic
(iv) It is neither even nor odd
(v) It is continuous

(c) f : (–/2, /2)  R f –1 : R  (–/2, /2)

f(x) = tan x f–1 (x) = tan–1 x

y
 y=tanx y=x

y
/2
y=arc tanx
/ 2 y=arc tanx
x
– / 2 0 / 2 
x
y=arc tanx
0
– / 2 y=arc tanx

– / 2
y=x
y=tanx –

Note : tan–1x is , then  is the angle (–/2, /2), whose tangent is equal to x.
Remarks :
(i) tan–1 x is monotonic increasing in its domain
(ii) It is an odd function
(iii) It is a continuous function
(iv) It is aperiodic
(v) It is a bounded function
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(d) f : (0, )  R f : R  (0, )

–1

f(x) = cot x f–1 (x) = cot–1 x

y
y=x

y=arc cotx y


/2
y=arc cotx
y=arc cotx
x
0 /2  /2
y=arc cotx
– / 2 x
0 

y=x
– y=cotx

Note : cot–1x is , then  is the angle (0, ), whose cotangent is equal to x.
Remarks :
(i) cot–1 x is monotonic decreasing in its domain
(ii) It is neither even nor odd function
(iii) It is a continuous function
(iv) It is aperiodic
(v) It is a bounded function

(e) f : [0, /2)  (/2, ]  (–, –1]  [1, ) f–1 : (–, –1]  [1, )  [0, /2)  [/2, ]
f(x) = sec x f–1 (x) = sec–1 x

y
Note : sec–1x is , then  is the angle [0, /2)  [/2, ], whose 
cotangent is equal to x.
Remarks : / 2

(i) sec x is increasing whenever it is defined

–1

(ii) It is neither even nor odd function x

–1 0 1
(iii) It is aperiodic
(iv) It is a bounded function

(f) f : [–/2, 0)  (0, /2]  (–, –1]  [1, ) f–1 : (–, –1]  [1, )  [–/2, 0)  (0, /2]
f(x) = cosec x f–1 (x) = cosec–1 x
y

Note : cosec–1 x is , then  is the angle [–/2, 0)  (0, /2],  /2

whose cotangent is equal to x.

Remarks :
(i) cosec–1 x is monotonic decreasing 1
x
–1 0
(ii) It is an odd function
(iii) It is aperiodic
(iv) It is a bounded function – / 2

Note : Basis on the above discussion we get following results :

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(i) All inverse trigonometric functions shows angle.  2     2 

(ii) If x  0 then all six trigonometric functions sin–1 x, Sol. The value =    
4 3  3   3 
cos–1 x, tan–1 x, sec–1 x, cosec–1 x, cot–1 x shows acute angle.
 2  2 17 
(iii) If x < 0 then sin–1 x, tan–1 x and cosec–1 x, shows angle =     
between – /2 to 0 (IV quadrant) 4 3 3 3 12
(iv) If x < 0 then cos–1 x, cot–1 x and sec–1 x shows obtuse
Example-3
angle (II quadrant)
(v) III quadrant never used in inverse trigonometric  1  1 
Find the value of tan cos 1    tan 1    .
functions.  2  3 

SOLVED EXAMPLE  1  1  1  1 
Sol. tan cos    tan   
 2  3 
Example-1
      = 1
 3 = tan       = tan  
(a) tan1 (1), (b) cot1 (1), (c) sin1    .  3  6  6 3
 2 
  Self Practice Problems
Sol. (a) tan    = – 1,
4
   1 
 1  1  
 tan–1(–1) =     range of tan x  (1) Find the value of sin   sin    
4  4   3  2 
 3  (2) Find the value of cosec [sec–1 (– 2 ) + cot–1 ( –1)]
(b) cot   = – 1
4
(3) Find the domain of y = sec–1 (x2 + 3x + 1)
3  3 

1
 cot ( 1)  range of cot 1 x 
4  4   x2 
(4) Find the domain of y = cos–1  
    3 1 x
2

(c) sin    ,
 3  2
     (5) Find the domain of y = tan–1 ( x 2  1)
1  3 1 
 sin    3  3  range of sin x 
 2    Answers : (1) 1
(2) –1
Example-2
Simplify (3) (– , – 3]  [ – 2, – 1]  [0, )
(4) R
  2 1  1 1  1 
sin 1  1
  cos  2   tan ( 3)  cot   (5) (– , –1]  [1, )
 2  3

PROPERTIES OF INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

P-1 (i) y = sin (sin–1 x) = x (ii) y = cos (cos–1 x) = x
x  [–1, 1], y  [–1, 1] x  [–1, 1], y  [–1, 1]
y y
1 1
x

x
y=

y=

45º 45º
x x
–1 0 1 –1 0 1

–1 –1

(iii) y = tan (tan–1 x) = x (iv) y = cot (cot–1 x) = x

x  R, y  R x  R, y  R

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y y

x
y=

y=
45º 45º
x x
0 0

(v) y = cosec (cosec–1 x) = x (vi) y = sec (sec–1 x) = x

| x |  1, | y |  1 |x|1;|y|1
y y
y= x y= x
1 1

–1 –1
x x
0 1 0 1

–1 –1
y= x y= x

P-2
  
(i) y = sin–1 (sin x), x  R, y    , , is periodic function with period 2 and it is an odd function
 2 2 

 
   x ,    x   2
  
sin–1 (sin x) =  x ,  x
 2 2

 x ,  x  
 2
y
 /2

+x

y=

y=

 3
x

x–
–(

y=
2


–
+

y=
y=

2 2
x)


x
 2

3  0  2
2 2

– /2

e.g. sin–1(sin1) = 1; sin–1 (sin2) =  – 2; sin–1(sin3) =  –3; sin–1(sin4) = –4; sin–1(sin5) = 5 – 2

(ii) y = cos–1 (cos x), x  R, y  [0, ], is periodic function with period 2 and it is an even function
y


 x ,  x 0 
2

x
y=


y=

0x
y=

x ,
x+

–x

2
cos–1 (cos x) =  2  x
2
y=

,   x  2
–

 x  2
x

 , 2  x  3
–2 –3/2  –/2 0 /2  3/2 2

e.g. cos–1(cos1) = 1; cos–1 (cos2) = 2; cos–1(cos3) = 3; cos–1(cos4) = 2–4; cos–1(cos5) = 2 – 5

   
(iii) y = tan–1 (tan x), x  R – (2n  1) , n  I  ; y    ,  is periodic function with period  and it is an odd
 2   2 2

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y

 3  2

x   ; 
2
x
2





y=

x–
x+
 
function tan–1 (tan x) =  x

y=
y=
;  x
2
x
2 
3  

0   3

 2 2 2 2
2 2

 3
x   ; x 


 2 2 2

(iv) y = cot–1 (cot x), x  R – {n, n  I}, y  [0, ], is periodic function with period  and it is neither an even nor odd
y

 x   ;    x  0

2

+


x–
x+
function cot–1 (cot x) =  x ; 0  x  

x
y=

y=

y=
y=
 x   ;   x  2
x
2   0  2

    
(v) y = cosec–1 (cosec x), x  R – {n, n  I}, y    , 0    0, is periodic function with period 2 and it is an odd
 2   2 
function
y
 /2


y=
+x

y=

2
 3
x

x–
–
2

y=


(

–

y=
+
y=

2 2
x)


x
2

3  0  2
2 2

– /2

       
(vi) y = sec–1 (sec x), x  R – (2n  1) , n  I  , y  0, 2    2 ,   is periodic function with period 2 and it is an
 2   
even function
y



2

x
y=

y=

y=
x+

–x

2
2
y=

–
x

–2 –3/2  –/2 0 /2  3/2 2

SOLVED EXAMPLE

Example-4
Find the value of sin–1 (sin7) and sin–1 (sin (–5)). 5
From the graph we can see that if 2  x  , then
Sol. Let y = sin–1 (sin 7) 2
y = sin–1(sin x ) can be written as :
   5
sin–1 (sin 7)  7 as 7    ,   2 < 7 < y = x – 2
 2 2 2
 sin–1 (sin 7) = 7 – 2
graph of y = sin–1 (sin x) is as : Similarly if we have to find sin–1 (sin(–5)) then

3
 – 2 < – 5 < –
2
 from the graph of sin–1 (sin x), we can say that
sin–1 (sin(–5)) = 2 + (–5) = 2 – 5

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Example-5 sec–1(sec 9) = sec 1  sec( 9  2  )  = 9 – 2

cot–1(cot 6) = cot 1  cot( 6  )  = 6 – 
Evaluate following
(i) sin(cos–1 3/5) (ii) cos(tan–1 3/4) cosec–1(cosec 7) = cosec 1  cosec (7  2)  = 7
 1 – 2
1 
(iii) sin   sin     y = (3 – 8) + (3– 10) + (4 – 12) + (2 – 9) + (–  + 6 )
2  2 
+ (2– 7) = 13 – 40
Sol. (i) Let cos–1 3/5 =  then cos  = 3/5  sin = 4/5  a = 13 and b = – 40  a – b = 13 – (– 40) = 53
 sin(cos–1 3/5) = sin  = 4/5
(ii) Let tan–1 3/4 =  then tan  = 3/4  cos = 4/5 1
 cos(tan–1 3/4) = cos  = 4/5 P-3 (i) cosec–1x = sin–1 ; |x| 1
x
    1
 1  1 (ii) sec–1 x = cos–1 ; |x|  1
(iii) sin   sin     = sin       x
2  2  2 6
 –1 1
2  tan x , x0
3
= sin = (iii) cot–1 x = 
3 2    tan –1 1 , x  0
 x
Example-6
P-4 (i) sin–1 (–x) = – sin–1 x ; – 1  x  1
(ii) cosec–1 (–x) = – cosec–1 x ; |x|  1
  2  
Find the value of tan cot 1    (iii) tan–1 (–x) = – tan–1x ; x  R
  3 
(iv) cot–1 (–x) = – cot–1 x ; x  R
  2   (v) cos–1 (–x) = – cos–1 x ; – 1  x  1
Sol. Let y = tan cot 1    ........(i)
  3  (vi) sec–1 (–x) =  – sec–1 x ; |x|  1
 cot–1 (–x) =  – cot–1x, x  R
(i) can be written as 
P-5 (i) sin–1 x + cos–1 x = ; |x|  1
 2  2
y = tan    cot 1    
  3  (ii) tan–1 x + cot–1 x = ; xR
2
 2 
y = – tan  cot 1 
 3 (iii) sec–1x + cosec–1 x = ; |x| 1
2
1
 cot–1 x = tan–1 if x > 0  
x
1  2 , x  0
3 tan 1 x  tan 1  
y = – tan  tan 1   y = –
3
 Note : x  
 2 2  , x0
 2

Example-7 SOLVED EXAMPLE

 3
Find the value of sin  tan 1 . Example-9
 4
Find the value of sin–1 (– 3 / 2 ) + cos–1 (cos (7/6).
 3  1 3  3
Sol : sin  tan 1  = sin  sin  = 5 Sol. sin–1(– 3 / 2 ) = – sin–1 ( 3 / 2 ) = – /3 and cos–1(cos
 4 5
(7/6) = cos–1 cos (2 – 5/6) = cos–1 cos(5/6) = 5/6

Example-8 hence sin–1 (– 3 / 2 ) + cos–1 (cos (7/6)

Let y = sin–1(sin 8) – tan–1(tan 10) + cos–1(cos 12) –  5 
=– + =
sec–1(sec 9) + cot–1(cot 6) – cosec–1(cosec 7). 3 6 2
If y simplifies to a + b then find (a – b). P-6 (i) tan–1 x + tan–1y
Sol. sin–1(sin 8) = sin 1  sin( 3  8)  = 3 – 8  1 x  y
 tan 1  xy , x  0, y  0 and xy  1 acute angle 
tan–1(tan 10) = tan 1  tan(10  3)  = 10 – 3 = 
 1 x  y
   tan 1  xy , x  0, y  0 and xy  1 obtuse angle 
cos–1(cos 12) = cos 1  cos(4  12)  = 4 – 12 

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1 1 1 x  y Example-12
(ii) tan x  tan y  tan 1  xy x > 0, y > 0
If cos–1 x/2 + cos–1 y/3 = ,
Note : (i) tan–1 + tan–12 + tan–13 =  (remember) prove that 9x2 + 12 xy cos + 4y2 = 36sin2
 Sol. Let cos–1 x/2 =  and cos–1 y/3 = 
(ii) cot–1 + cot–12 + cot–13 = (remember)
2  cos = x/2 and cos  = y/3.
(iii) tan x + tan y + tan z
–1 –1 –1 Given,   cos () = cos
 1  x  y  z  xyz  or cos  cos  – sin  sin  = 
 tan   , where x  0, y  0, z  0 and xy  yz  zx  1
 1   xy  yz  zx   x y x2 y2
= 
 1
 x  y  z  xyz  or 2 . 3  1  4 1  9 = cos 
  tan 1   xy  yz  zx   , where x  0, y  0, z  0 and xy  yz  zx  1
  
xy 4  x 2 . 9  y2
Example-10 or  = cos 
6 6
Prove that,
or (xy – 6cos )2 = (4 – x2) (9 – y2)
1 1 3  or x2y2 + 36cos2 – 12xy cos = 36 – 9x2 – 4y2 + x2y2
sin–1 + sin–1 + sin–1 = .
3 3 11 11 2 or 9x2 – 12y cos + 4y2 = 36 (1 – cos2)
or 9x2 – 12xycos + 4y2 = 36sin2.
1 1 3 Example-13
Sol. tan–1 + tan–1 + tan–1 = tan–1
2 2 7 2 2 1 1 5
Show that cos–1 + 2 cot–1 =
7 3 4
1  1 1 1
Sol. cot–1 + 2 cot–1
2 2 7 2 3 7 3
+ tan–1

1 1 2  1  1 1 
28 = – tan=1 + 2   tan 
2 7 2 3
3  1 1 1
9 2 3 =   tan  2 tan 1 
= tan + tan–1
–1
2  7 3
27 2
3  1 1 2.1/ 3   1 
=   tan  2 tan 1   1
2 3 2  7 1  (1/ 3) 2  3
= tan–1 + tan–1
3 2 3  1 1 3
=   tan  tan 1 
2  7 4
3 3  1 3
= cot–1 + tan–1 = 
2 3
2 2  tan 1 7 4  1 3 
= 2 1 3  .  1
1 . 7 4
7 4
Example-11
3 3  5
= – tan–1 1 = – =
3 11 2 2 4 4
Find the value of sin 1 + cos 1 +
73 146
Example-14
cot 1 3. 
1 2  1 1
Evaluate (i) tan  cos 1  (ii) tan  2 tan  
3 5 2 3 5 4
Sol. tan 1 + tan 1 + cot 1 3 = tan 1
8 11 2 2 
Sol. (i) Let cos–1 = . Then cos  = and 0 <  <
 3  5  3 3 2
 8 11  1
   1 2   1 
 1  3 . 5  + cot 3 = tan 1 (1) + = + Now tan  cos
1
 = tan  
 8 11  6 4 6 2 3 2

5 1  cos  1  cos  1 2 / 3 1/ 3 1
= =    
12 1  cos  1  cos 
2
1  (2 / 3) 2
94 5
3
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 1  cos  1  2 / 3 1
Alter : tan2    12   1 4  63
2 1  cos  1  2 / 3 5  z = cos–1 +   cos  – tan–1 .
13 2 5 16
 1    
 tan = .  As 0    
2 5  2 4 2   1 4 12  63
z= –  cos  cos 1  – tan–1
1 1  2 5 13  16
(ii) Let tan–1 = . Then tan  = and 0 <  <
5 5 2 .........(i)
 1 1     
Now tan  2 tan   = tan  2   4 12 4 12
5 4  4  > 0, > 0 and <
2 tan  5 13 5 13
tan 2  1
 1  tan 
2
= 4 12
1  tan 2 2 tan   cos–1 – cos–1
1 5 13
1  tan 2 
2 1  4 12 16 144 
1
2 tan   1  tan 2  5
 25  10  25  1  14  7 = cos–1    1  1 
= 1  tan 2  2 tan  1 2 25  1  10 34 17 .  5 13 25 169 
1 
25 5
 63
= cos–1  
Example-15 65

 1  equation (i) can be written as

Prove that tan   cos 1 
a
4 2 b  63  63

 1 a  2b z= – cos–1   – tan–1  
+ tan   cos 1  = . 2 65 16
4 2 b a
a a  63  63
Sol. Let cos–1 =   cos = z = sin–1   – tan–1   .........(ii)
b b 65 16
     
L.H.S. = tan    + tan     63  63
4 2 4 2
 sin–1   = tan–1  
  65 16
1  tan 1  tan
2 2  from equation (ii), we get
=  
1  tan 1  tan
2 2  63  63
 z = tan–1   – tan–1    z = 0
16 16
2 2
   
 1  tan   1  tan 
2 2 SIMPLIFIED INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
=

1  tan 2
2
 –1 –1
   2sin x ;  1  x 
 2
   –1 –1 1
2 1 + tan 2  (i) sin–1 2x 1  x 2 =  2sin x ; x
 2 2 2b  2 2
= = = = R.H.S.    2sin –1x ; –1  x  1
2  cos a 
1 - tan 2
2

Example-16 y
12 4 63 /2
Evaluate cos–1 + sin–1 – tan–1
13 5 16

12 4 63
Sol. Let z = cos–1 + sin–1 – tan–1 –1 –1 2 0 1 2 1 x
13 5 16

4  4 –/2
 sin–1 = – cos–1
5 2 5
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 2cos –1x ; 0  x  1
(ii) cos –1 (2x2 – 1) =   –1 –1
–1
2  2cos x ;  1  x  0  –  – 3sin x ; – 1  x 
 2
 –1 1 1
(vi) sin–1 (3x – 4x3) =  3sin x ; –  x 
2 2
 y 
 –1 1
  – 3sin x ; 2
 x 1

y
/2

/2
–1 2 1 2
0 x
–1 –/2 1
–1 –1 2 0 1 2 1 x
  + 2tan –1x ; x < –1
2x 
(iii) tan–1 =  2tan –1x ; – 1 < x < 1 –/2
1 x2  –  + 2tan –1x ; x > 1

 –1 –1
y  –2 + 3cos x ; – 1  x 
 2
/2  –1 1 1
(vii) cos–1 (4x3 – 3x) =  2 – 3cos x ; –  x 
 2 2
 –1 1
x  3cos x ;  x 1
–1 0 2
–/2

y

 –  – 2tan –1x ; x < –1
2x 
(iv) sin –1
=  2tan –1x ; –1  x  1
1 x2   – 2tan –1x ; x >1 /2


y –1 –1/2 0 1/2 1
/2

 –1 –1
–1 0 1
x    3tan x ; x 
 3
 3x  x 3   3tan –1
x ;
–1
 x 
1

–/2
(viii) tan –1  1  3x 2  =  3 3
   3tan –1x ; x  1
 3
 1 x2   2tan –1x ; x  0
(v) cos–1  2 =  –1
1 x   –2tan x ; x  0 y

/2
 y

x
–1 3 0 1 3

x – /2
0
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
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 JEE - MATHEMATICS

EQUATIONS INVOLVING INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC INEQUATIONS INVOLVING INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC

FUNCTIONS FUNCTIONS

SOLVED EXAMPLE SOLVED EXAMPLE

Example-17 Example-19
Solve cos x 3 + cos x = /2.
–1 –1
Find the interval in which cos–1 x > sin–1 x.
Sol. Given, cos x 3 +cos x = /2
–1 –1
..(1)
Sol. We have, cos–1 x > sin–1 {for cos–1 x to be real;
or cos x 3 = /2 – cos x
–1 –1
x  [–1, 1]}
or cos cos–1 x3 = cos (/2 – cos–1x)
 2 cos–1 x > /2
or x3 = sin cos–1x or x3 = sin sin–1 1  x 2 cos–1 x > /4 or cos (cos–1 x) < cos /4

1  1 
1  x<  x   1, 
2 2
1 x2
Example-20
x Find the solution set of the inequation

or x3 = 1  x 2 Squaring we get 3x2 = 1 – x2 sin–1(sin 5) > x2 – 4x

or 4x2 = 1  x = ± 1/2 Sol. sin–1(sin 5) > x2 – 4x sin–1[sin(5 – 2)] > x2 – 4x
Verification : When x = 1/2  x2 – 4x < 5 – 2 x2 – 4x + (2 – 5) < 0
L.H.S. of equation = cos1 ( 3 /2) + cos–1 (1/2)
 2– 9  2  x  2  9  2
= /6 + /3 +/2 = R.H.S. of equation
When x = –1/2. 
 x  2 – 9 – 2 , 2 + 9 – 2 
L.H.S. of equation = cos (– 3 /2) + cos (–1/2)
–1 –1

=  – cos–1 ( 3 /2) +  – cos–1 (1/2) SUMMATION OF SERIES

=  – /6 + – /3 = 3/2  R.H.S. of equation
 x = 1/2 is the only solution SOLVED EXAMPLE

Example-18 Example-21
4 6
5 2 Sum the series , tan 1 + tan 1
Solve for x : (tan–1 x)2 + (cot–1 x)2 = . 1 34 1 89
8
8
5 2 + tan 1 + ....... to ' n ' terms.
Sol. We have (tan x) + (cot x) =
–1 2 –1 2 1  15  16
8
2 (n  1)
Sol. Tn = tan 1
5 2 1  {(n  1) 2  1} {(n  1) 2 }
 (tan x +cot x) – 2 tan x. cot x =
–1 –1 2 –1 –1
8
2 2n  2
  5 2 = tan 1
   – 2 tan–1 x. (/2 – tan–1 x) = 1  (n  2 n ) (n  1) 2
2
 2 8
  2n  2 
2 5 2 = tan 1  
 – 2. . tan–1 x + 2 (tan–1 x)2 =  1  n (n  2) (n  1) (n  1) 
4 2 8
3 2  (n  1) (n  2)  n (n  1) 
 2 (tan–1 x)2 –  tan–1 x – =0 = tan 1  
8  1   n (n  1)   (n  1) (n  2)  
 tan–1 x = /4, 3/4  tan–1 x = –/4; x = –1 = tan 1 (n + 1) (n + 2)  tan 1 n (n + 1)
   Put n = 1 , 2 , 3 , ........ , n and add, we get Sn = tan 1
{neglecting tan–1 x = 3/4 as tan–1 x    ,  } (n + 1) (n + 2)  tan 1 2
 2 2
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JEE - MATHEMATICS

= tan 1 (n + 2) – tan 1 (n)

Example-22
Sum the series upto ' n ' terms, Hence,

2 2 2 2 Sn = tan 1 (n + 2) + tan 1 (n + 1)  (tan 1 1 + tan 1 2)

1
tan + tan 1 + tan 1 + tan 1 +..... to n terms.
4 9 16 25
    1 2 
S= Lim Sn       tan 1  = tan–1 3
Also show that , S = tan 1 3 . n  2 2   1  2  

2
Sol. T n = tan 1
n  2n  1
2

(n  2)  n
= tan 1
1  n (n  2)

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

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 JEE - MATHEMATICS

EXERCISE-I

GRAPHS, DOMAIN & PRINCIPLE VALUE RANGE OF Q.8 The value of x which satisfies the equation
ITF 1  3 
tan 1 x  sin  is
  10 
1 3 (1) 3 (2) –3
Q.1 The principal value of sin    is
 2  1 1
(3) (4) –
2  3 3
(1) (2)
3 3
2 5   3 
(3) (4) Q.9 sin   sin 1     
3 3  2  2  
3 3
PROPERTIES OF ITF (I - VI) (1) (2) 
2 2
Q.2 The value of cos 1 (cos12)  sin 1 (sin14) is 1 1
(1) – 2 (2) 8  26 (3) (4) 
2 2
(3) 4  2 (4) 2
Q.10 cot 1 3  cosec 1 5 =
1 1 1
Q.3 If tan x  tan y  tan A, then A =  
(1) (2)
(1) x  y (2) x  y 3 4
xy xy  
(3) (4) (3) (4)
1  xy 1  xy 6 2

 7  5  5 
Q.4 cos 1  cos   1  1 
 6 Q.11 The value of cos  cos   sin  cos  is
3 3
7 5  5
(1) (2) (1) (2)
6 6 2 3
 3 10 
(3) (4) (3) (4) 0
6 2 3

Q.5 If sin 1 x     and sin 1 y    , then 1  xy   3

1 1   

(1) sin   sin 

2 2
(2) sin   cos 
2 2 Q.12 The value of sin    sin   is
 2  2
(3) cos 2   cos 2  (4) cos 2   sin 2  (1) 45° (2) 90°
(3) 15° (4) 30°
 1 1 1
 cos x  Q.13 The value of tan  tan  tan 1  is
Q.6 tan 1   2 3
1  sin x 
(1) 5/6 (2) 7/6
 x  x (3) 1/6 (4)1/7
(1)  (2) 
4 2 4 2
x   1 1
(3) (4)  x Q.14 cos  2cos 1  sin 1  
2 4  5 5
2 6 2 6
Q.7 sec 2 (tan 1 2)  cosec 2 (cot 1 3)  (1) (2) 
5 5
(1) 5 (2) 13 1 1
(3) 15 (4) 6 (3) (4) 
5 5
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1 1 
Q.15 sin 1 x  sin 1  cos 1 x  cos 1  Q.22
1 1
The solution of sin x  sin 2x   is
x x 3
 1 1
(1)  (2) (1)  (2) 
2 3 4
3
(3) (4) 2 3 1
2 (3)  (4) 
2 2

4 1
Q.16 sin 1  2 tan 1    1 
5 3 Q.23 sin 3sin 1    
  5 
 
(1) (2) (1) 71/125 (2) 74/125
2 3
(3) 3/5 (4) 1/2

(3) (4) 
4 EQUATIONS, INEQUATIONS INVOLVING ITF,
SUMMATION OF SERIES
Q.24 A solution of the equation
SIMPLIFIED INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 
1 1
tan (1  x)  tan (1  x)  is
2
Q.17 tan(cos 1 x) is equal to (1) x  1 (2) x  1
(3) x  0 (4) x  
1 x2 x
(1) (2)
x 1 x2
Q.25 If tan(x  y)  33 and x  tan 1 3, then y will be
1 x 2
(3) (4) 1  x 2 (1) 0.3 (2) tan 1 (1.3)
x
1  1 
(3) tan 1 (0.3) (4) tan  
  1   18
Q.18 tan  2 tan 1     
  5 4 
1 1 2
17 17 Q.26 If tan x  2 cot x  , then x =
(1) (2)  3
7 7
3 1
7 7 (1) 2 (2) 3 (3) 3 (4)
(3) (4)  3 1
17 17
 1 
Q.27 sin 1 x  cot 1    ,
1 1 x   2 2
cos 1  
Q.19
2  1  x 
1 2 3
(1) cot 1 x (2) tan 1 x (1) 0 (2) (3) (4)
5 5 2
(3) tan 1 x (4) cot 1 x
. 1 1 1
Q.28 If tan 1 x  tan 1 y  tan 1 z  , then   
 1 xy yz zx
Q.20 sin  4 tan 1  
 3
1
12 24 (1) 0 (2) 1 (3) (4) xyz
(1) (2) xyz
25 25
1 25
(3) (4) Q.29 For the equation cos 1 x  cos 1 2x    0 , the
5 24
number of real solution is
(1) 1 (2) 2
 1  1   1 (3) 0 (4) 
Q.21 The value of sin  2 tan     cos(tan 2 2) 
3 1 1 11
Q.30 The equation 2 cos x  sin x  has
16 14 6
(1) (2) (1) No solution
15 15 (2) Only one solution
12 11 (3) Two solutions
(3) (4) (4) Three solutions
15 15
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
45
 JEE - MATHEMATICS

EXERCISE-II

 3   –1 –1 –1
Q.1 The value of sin–1   + sin–1  1  is equal to Q.10 The value of sin [cos {cos (cos x) + sin (sin x)}],
 2   
   2  
(1) 75° (2) 105° where x   ,   is
2 
5 3
(3) (4)
5
   
12 (1) (2) (3) – (4) –
2 4 4 2
Q.2 Domain of f(x) = cos–1 x + cot–1 x + cosec–1 x is
–1 –1 –1
(1) [– 1, 1] (2) R Q.11 If x  0 and  = sin x + cos x – tan x, then
(3) (– ]  [1, ) (4) {– 1, 1}
 3 
(1)  (2) 0 <  
Q.3 Range of f(x) = sin x + tan x + sec x is
–1 –1 –1
2 4 4
  3    3    
(1)  ,  (2)  ,  (3) 0 <   (4) 
4 4  4 4  2 4 2
  3 
(3)  ,  (4) none of these 2
4 4  Q.12 If sin–1 x + sin–1 y = , then cos–1x + cos–1y is equal to
3
Q.4 If cos [tan  1 { sin (cot  1 3 )} ] = y, then 2  
(1) (2) (3) (4) 
3 3 6
4 2
(1) y = (2) y =
5 5
 3
2 10 Q.13 The equation sin–1 x – cos–1x = cos–1   has :
(3) y =  (4) y2 = 
5 11  2 
n n (1) no solution
Q.5 If  cos
i1
1
i = 0, then 
i1
i (2) unique solution
(3) infinite number of solutions
(1) n (2) –n (4) none of these
(3) 0 (4) None of these
 1 
Q.14 If sin–1x + cot–1   = , then x is equal to
n  2
  2
Q.6 If cot
–1
 , n N, then the maximum value of ‘n’
 6 1 2 3
is (1) 0 (2) (3) (4)
(1) 1 (2) 5 5 5 2
(3) 9 (4) None of these  
Q.15 The solution of the equation sin 1  tan  sin1
Q.7 cosec–1 (cos x) is real if  4
(1) x  [– 1, 1] (2) x  R
 3 
    = 0 is
(3) x is an odd multiple of (4) x is a multiple of   x 6
2  
Q.8 If x2, then cos–1 (cosx) is equal to (1) x = 2 (2) x =  4
(1) x (2)  – x (3) x = 4 (4) none of these
(3) 2 + x (4) 2 – x
 1
Q.16 If x < 0 then value of tan–1(x) + tan–1   is equal to
1 1 x
Q.9 The value of cos  cos 1  is equal to
2 8  
(1) (2) –
(1) 3/4 (2) –3/4 2 2
(3) 1/16 (4) 1/4 (3) 0 (4) none of these
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
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JEE - MATHEMATICS

 1  3   2  3  5 
Q.17 The value of tan sin    tan 1  is Q.27 cos–1   + cos–1   is equal to
 5  3  5  13 
6 7 5 17  33   33 
(1) (2) (3) (4)
17 16 7 6 (1) cos–1   (2) cos–1   
 65   65 

 1   1   64 
Q.18 tan   cos 1 x  + tan   cos 1 x  , x  0 (3) cos–1   (4) none of these
4 2  4 2   65 
is equal to
2 x
(1) x (2) 2x (3) (4) 1  3 sin 2  
x 2 Q.28 If sin 
–1  = , then tan  is equal
2  5  4 cos 2  4
Q.19 tan–1 a + tan–1 b, where a > 0, b > 0, ab > 1, is equal to
to
 ab   ab  (1) 1/3 (2) 3 (3) 1 (4) –1
(1) tan  –1  (2) tan  1  ab  – 
–1
 1  ab   
 ab   ab  Q.29 The set of values of ‘x’ for which the formula 2 sin–1x =
(3)  + tan–1   (4)  – tan  –1

 1  ab   1  ab  sin–1 (2x 1 x 2 ) is true, is
 1  1 (1) (– 1, 0) (2) [0, 1]
Q.20 tan–1   + tan–1   is equal to
2 3  3 3  1 1 
(3)  ,  (4)  , 
    2 2   2 2
(1) (2) (3) (4) none of these
4 2 3

–1 1 x2  1   1 x 2 
Q.21 If tan = then x 2
 1  x 2
. 1  x
x 45º Q.30 cos  2
–1
4
 = cos–1 – cos–1 x
(1) x = tan 2º (2) x = tan 4°   2
(3) x = tan (1/4)º (4) x = tan 8º holds for
(1) | x |  1 (2) x  R (3) 0  x  1 (4) –1  x  0
 1  sin x  1  sin x  
Q.22 The value of cot
–1
 , < Q.31 All possible values of p and q for which cos–1 p +
 1  sin x  1  sin x  2
x < , is 3
cos–1 1 p + cos–1 1 q  holds, is
x  x x x 4
(1)  – (2)  (3) (4) 2 –
2 2 2 2 2 1 1
(1) p = 1, q = (2) q > 1, p =
 1 x  2 2
The smallest and the largest values of tan  ,
–1
Q.23
 1 x  1
0  x  1 are (3) 0  p  1, q = (4) None of these
2
    
(1) 0,  (2) 0, (3) – , (4) , x 5 
4 4 4 4 2 Q.32 If sin 
–1  + cosec–1    , then a value of x is
Q.24 Which one of the following correct ? 5 4 2
(1) tan 1 > tan–1 1 (2) tan 1 < tan–1 1 (1) 1 (2) 3 (3) 4 (4) 5
(3) tan 1 = tan–1 1 (4) None of these –1 –1
Q.33 The value of x satisfying sin x + sin (1 – x)
–1
Q.25 The number of solutions of the equation = cos x are
 1
tan–1 (1 + x) + tan–1(1 – x) = is (1) 0, (2) 0 (3) 1, –1 (4) None of these
2 2
(1) 3 (2) 2 (3) 1 (4) 4
Q.34 The number of solution(s) of the equation
Q.26 The number of solutions of the equation tan –1

 1   1   2  sin–1 (1 – x) – 2 sin–1 x = , is / are
  + tan–1   = tan–1  2  is 2
 2x  1  4 x  1 x  (1) 0 (2) 1 (3) 2 (4) more than two
(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) 2 (4) 3
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
47
 JEE - MATHEMATICS

EXERCISE-III

MCQ/COMPREHENSION/MATCHING/NUMERICAL –1 –1 
Q.7 Let f(x) = sin x + cos x. Then is equal to
Q.1 If  satisfies the inequation x2 – x – 2 > 0, then a value 2
exists for
(A) sin–1  (B) cos–1   1
(A) f  
2
(B) f (k – 2k + 3), k  R
(C) sec 
–1
(D) cosec–1   2
 1 
(C) f  
–1
Q.2 and  are three angles given by  = 2 tan ( 2 – 2 ,kR (D) f(–2)
 1 k 
1  1 1  1
1),  = 3 sin
–1
+ sin
–1    and = cos–1 . –1 –1   , then x may be
2  2 3 Q.8 If cosec x = sin
x
Then
(A)  (B) 
1
(A) 1 (B) –
(C)  (D)  2
3 3 3
Q.3 If sin–1x + sin–1y + sin–1z = , then (C) (D) –
2 2 2
9
(A) x100 + y100 + z100 –
x 101  y 101  z101
=0 1  x2
Q.9 If 0 < x < 1, then tan–1 is equal to:
1 x
(B) x22 + y42 + z62 – x220 –y420 – z620 = 0
(C) x50 + y25 + z5 = 0 1 1 x
(A) cos1 x (B) cos1
x 2008
y 2008
z 2008 2 2
(D) 2009
0
( xyz )
1 x 1 1 x
(C) sin1 (D) tan1
2 2 1 x
1   14  –1 –1
Q.4 The value of cos  cos 1 cos    is: Q.10 If the numerical value of tan (cos (4/5) + tan (2/3))
 2   5  is a/b then
(A) a + b = 23 (B) a – b = 11
 7   (C) 3b = a + 1 (D) 2a = 3b
(A) cos    (B) sin  
 5  10 

 2  3  4n
(C) cos  
 5 
(D)  cos 
 5
 Q.11  tan 1
n4  2n2  2
is equal to:
n 1

(A) tan 1 2 + tan 1 3 (B) 4 tan 1 1

Q.5

If 6 sin–1  x 2 – 6x 

17 
 = , then
2 
(C) /2 
(D) sec 1  2 
(A) x = 1 (B) x = 2 –1 –1
Q.12 For the equation 2x = tan (2 tan a) + 2 tan (tan a +
(C) x = 3 (D) x = 4 –1 3
tan a ), which of the following is invalid ?
2 2
(A) a x + 2a = x (B) a + 2ax + 1 = 0
Q.6 sin–1 x > cos–1 x holds for (C) a  0 (D) a  – 1, 1
 1   17 
(B) x   0 , 
6 sin–1  x  6x 
2
(A) all values of x
 2 Q.13  = , if
 2
 1  (A) x = 1 (B) x = 2
(C) x   , 1 (D) x = 0.75 (C) x = 3 (D) x = 4
 2 
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
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JEE - MATHEMATICS

Q.18 cos–1 x is equal to

 
Q.14 If a = sin
–1   2  + cos–1   1  and b = tan–1
 2   2 1 x2
  (A) –tan–1 if –1 < x < 0
x
 1 
( 3 ) – cot
–1    , then 1 x2
 3 (B) tan–1 if –1 < x < 0
x
(A) a – b = 17/12 (B) a + b = 17/12
(C) a + b = –7/12 (D) a – b = /12
1 x2
(C) –tan–1 if 0 < x < 1
x
Q.15 If cos1x = tan1x, then
1 x2
 5  1  5  1 (D)  + tan–1 if –1 < x < 0
(A) x2 =  
 (B) x2 =  

x
 2   2 
Comprehension # 2 (Q. No. 19 to 21 )
 5  1  5  1
(C) sin (cos x) = 
1  (D) tan (cos1x) =   The domain and range of inverse circular function are
 2   2  defined as follows
   
Domain Range
Comprehension # 1 (Q. No. 16 to 18 )
  
 2 , 2 
–1
 3  sin x [–1, 1]
  , 
2

2 –1
   cos x [–1, 1] [0, ]
tan–1 (tan ) =   ,  
2 ,
 2   3 
    ,  3 –1
tan x R  , 
 2 2 
 2 2
–1
cot x R (0, )
 3 
    ,  2     2   3 
 2 , 2  – ()
–1
 cosec x (– , –1]  [1, )
   
sin (sin ) =  
–1 ,  
2 2 ,

  ,  3  
 –1
sec x (– , –1]  [1, ) [0, ] –  
 2 2 2
  , 0 –1 3
 Q.19 sin x < then solution set of x is
cos (cos ) =  
–1 , 0 4
2   ,     2

 1   1 
Based on the above results, answer each of the (A)  ,1 (B)   ,1
following :  2   2 

Q.16 cos–1 x is equal to  1 1 

(C)  ,  (D) None of these
(A) sin–1 1 x 2 if –1 < x < 1  2 2
(B) –sin–1 1 x 2 if –1 < x < 0
–1 –1
Q.20 sin x + cosec x at x = –1 is
2
(C) sin –1
1 x if –1 < x < 0 (A)  (B) 2
(C) 3 (D) – 
(D) sin–1 1 x 2 if 0 < x < 1
–1
Q.17 sin–1 x is equal to Q.21 If x  [–1, 1], then range of tan (–x) is

(A) cos–1 1 x 2 if –1 < x < 0  3 7   3 5 

(A)  ,  (B)  , 
4 4 4 4
(B) cos–1 1 x 2 if –1 < x < 1

(C) cos–1 1 x 2 if 0 < x < 1   

(C) [–, 0] (D)  , 
 4 4
(D) –cos–1 1 x 2 if 0 < x < 1
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
49
 JEE - MATHEMATICS

Q.22 Match the column

Column -  Column - 
(A) sin– 1 x – cos– 1x is maximum at (p) x = –1

1
(B) (sin– 1 x)2 + (cos– 1 x)2 is minimum at (q) x = –
2

(C) (tan– 1 x)2 + (cot– 1 x)2 is minimum at (r) x = 0

1
(D) (sin– 1 x)3 + (cos– 1 x)3 is maximum at (s) x =
2

(t) x = 1

Q.23 Match the Column

Column -  Column - 
 1 4 2 17
(A) The value of tan  cos  tan 1  is (p)
 5 3 6

 1 1 
(B) The numerical value of tan  2 tan   is (q) 7
 5 4 17

1 1 1  3
(C) The value of cos  cos  is (r)
2 8 4

 1 5
(D) The value of cos tan– 1 sin cot– 1   is (s)
2 3

Q.24 Match the column

Column – I Column – II
 2 
(A) f (x)  sin 1   (P) f(x) is many one
 | sin x  1 |  | sin x  1| 

(B) f ( x )  cos1(| x  1|  | x  2 |) (Q) Domain of f(x) is R

1   
(C) f ( x )  sin   (R) Range contain only irrational
 | sin x  (  / 2) |  | sin x  (  / 2) | 
1 1

number

(D) f ( x )  cos(cos1 | x |)  (S) f(x) is even.

 sin1(sin x ) – cos ec 1(cos ecx )  cos ec 1 | x |

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

50
JEE - MATHEMATICS

NUMERICAL BASED QUESTIONS

 1
1  5  1  12   Q.31 The value of sin  2 tan 1   cos(tan 1 2 2) is
Q.25 If sin    sin    , then x is equal to .  3
 
x   2
x

Q.26 The sum of roots of the function

   2  a
1
1 1 2 Q.32 The value of  tan  cos 1      / 2   is
tan  tan 1  tan 1 2    7  b c
1  2x 1  4x x

+ cosec–1 5   , then a value of x is equal to

x then find value of a + b + c
Q.27 If sin 1
5 4 2

 4 2 Q.33 The number of real solutions of

Q.28 tan  cos 1  tan 1  equals
 5 3

tan 1 x(x  1)  sin 1 x 2  x  1  is
1  2
Q.29 Solution of equation cot 1 x  sin 1  is
5 4
5 2
    cot x 
1 2 1 2

 2 3
  4 6
  Q.34 If tan x  , then absolute value
x x x x 8
Q.30 If sin 1  x    ...   cos 1  x 2    ...  
 2 4   2 4  2
of x equal to
for 0  x  2 , then x equals

EXERCISE-IV

JEE-MAIN  19  n 
PREVIOUS YEAR’S The value of cot   cot 1   2p   is :
1
Q.3
 n 1  p1  
  
1  2  1  3   3 [JEE Main - 2019 (January)]
Q.1 If cos    cos    , x  then x is equal
3x 4x 2 4
21 19
(1) (2)
to : [JEE Main - 2019 (January)] 19 21

145 145 22 23
(1) (2) (3) (4)
12 10 23 22

Q.4 All x satisfying the inequality (cot–1 x)2 – 7 (cot–1 x)

146 145
(3) (4) + 10 > 0, lie in the interval:
12 11
[JEE Main - 2019 (January)]
Q.2 If x = sin (sin10) and y = cos (cos10), then y – x is
–1 –1
(1) (–cot 5)  (cot 4, cot 2)
equal to : [JEE Main - 2019 (January)] (2) (cot 2, )
(1)  (2) 7  (3) (– , cot 5) ( cot 2, )
(3) 0 (4) 10 (4) (cot 5, cot 4)
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
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Q.5 Considering only the principal values of inverse

 4 5 16 
functions, the set Q.9 2   sin 1  sin 1  sin 1  is equal to :
 5 13 65 
 
A   x  0 : tan –1  2x   tan 1  3x   
 4
[JEE Main-2020 (September)]
[JEE Main - 2019 (January)]
(1) contains two elements  7
(1) (2)
(2) contains more than two elements 2 4
(3) is a singleton
(4) is an empty set 3 5
(3) (4)
2 4
 3  1
Q.6 If  = cos–1   ,  = tan–1   ,
5 3
Q.10 If S is the sum of the first 10 terms of the series
[JEE Main - 2019(April)]
[JEE Main-2020 (September)]

where 0 < ,  < , then  –  is equal to :
2 1 1 1  1
tan 1    tan 1    tan 1    tan 1    ...,
 3 7  13   21 
 9   9
(1) sin–1   (2) tan–1   then tan (S) is equal to :
5 10  14

6 5
(1) – (2)
 9   9  5 11
(3) cos–1   (4) tan–1  
5 10  5 10 
10 5
(3) (4)
11 6

 12  3
Q.7 The value of sin–1   – sin–1   is equal to :
 13  5 JEE-ADVANCED

[JEE Main - 2019(April)] PREVIOUS YEAR’S

  sin     
1  63  1  33 
Q.1 Let f() = sin  tan 1    , where – <  < .
(1)   sin   (2)   cos     cos 2   4 4
 65   65  d
Then the value of (f ()) is [IIT JEE-20111]
d (tan )
  56    9 
(3)  sin 1   (4)  cos1  
2  65  2  65 

 23  n

Q.2 The value of cot   cot –1  1   2k   is
y  n 1  k 1  
Q.8 If cos–1 x – cos–1 = , where – 1  x  1, –2  y  2,
2 [JEE Advanced-2013]

y 23 25
x , then for all x, y, 4x2 – 4xy cos  + y2 is equal to (A) (B)
2 25 23

[JEE Main - 2019(April)]

23 24
(1) 4 sin  – 2x y
2 2 2
(2) 4 cos2  + 2x2y2 (C) (D) 
24 23
(3) 4 sin2  (4) 2 sin2 
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
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Q.3 Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists :[JEE Advanced- 2013]
List - I List - II
1/ 2
 1  cos (tan –1 y)  y sin(tan –1 y)  2 
1 5
  y 
4
P.  2 takes value 1.
 y  cot(sin –1
y)  tan(sin –1
y)  2 3

Q. If cos x + cos y + cox z = 0 = sin x + sin y + sin z then 2. 2

x–y
possiblevalue of cos is
2

    1
R. If cos  4 – x  cos 2x + sin x sin 2x sec x = cos xsin 2x sec x + cos  4  x  cos 2x 3.
2
then possible value of sec x is

S.   
If cot sin –1 1 – x 2 = sin tan –1  x 6  , x  0,  4. 1
then possible value of x is
Codes :
P Q R S P Q R S
(A) 4 3 1 2 (B) 4 3 2 1
(C) 3 4 2 1 (D) 3 4 1 2

Q.4 Let f : [0, 4]  [0, ] be defined by f(x) = cos–1 (cos Q.7 For any positive integer n, define n : (0, )   as
x). The number of points x [0, 4] satisfying the

10  x  1 
equation f(x = is [JEE Advanced-2014] f n  x    nj1 tan 1   for all
10  1   x  j x  j  1 

x   0,  
 6  4
Q.5 If  = 3sin–1   and  = 3cos–1   , where the
11 9 (Here, the inverse trigonometric function tan–1x assume
inverse trigonometric functions take only the
principal values, then the correct option(s) is(are)   
values in   ,  .)
[JEE Advanced -2015]  2 2
(A) cos  > 0 (B) sin  < 0
(C) cos( + ) > 0 (D) cos  < 0 Then, which of the following statement(s) is (are) TURE?
[JEE Advanced - 2018]
Q.6 The number of real solutions of the equation
(A)  j1 tan  f j  0    55
5 2

  
x
i
     x i

sin 1   x i 1  x     = –cos 1     2    (  x) 
i

 i 1  i 1   i 1
 2 (B)  j1 1  f j  0   sec  f j  0    10
 i  1 2  10 ' 2

 1 1
lying in the interval   ,  is ______ (Here, the 1
 2 2 (C) For any fixed positive integer n, lim tan  f n  x   
x  n
inverse trigonometric functions sin–1 x and cos–1 x
(D) For any fixed positive integer n,
  
assume value in   , and [0, ], respectively.)
 2 2  lim sec 2  f n  x    1
x 
[JEE Advanced - 2018]

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

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 JEE - MATHEMATICS

 x   1   x  
Q.8 Let E1 =  x   : x  1and  0  and E =  x  E1 : sin  log e    is a real number  .
 x 1  2
   x  1  
 Here, the inverse trigonometric function 
 
 1    
 sin x assumes value sin  , .
 2 2 
  
 x 
Let f : E 1   be the function defined by f(x) = loge   and g : E2   be the function defined by
 x 1 
 x 
g(x) = sin–1  log e   . [JEE Advanced - 2018]
  x 1 
List-I List-II
 1   e 
(P) The range of f is (1)  ,   , 
 1  e   e  1 

(Q) The range of g contains (2) (0, 1)

 1 1
(R) The domain of f (3)   , 
 2 2
contains
(S) The domain of g is (4) (–, 0)  (0, )
 e 
(5)  ,
 e  1
1 e 
(6) (–, 0)   ,
 2 e  1
The correct option is :
(A) (P)  4 ; (Q)  2 ; (R)  1 ; (S)  1 (B) (P)  3 ; (Q)  3 ; (R)  6 ; (S)  5
(C) (P)  4 ; (Q)  2 ; (R)  1 ; (S)  6 (D) (P)  4 ; (Q)  3 ; (R)  6 ; (S)  5

Q.9 The value of

 1 10  7  k   7  (k  1)     3 
sec   sec    sec    in the interval   4 , 4  equals
2  
–1
 4 k 0  12 2   12
[JEE Advanced-2019]

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

54
JEE - MATHEMATICS

ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE-I
Q.1 (2) Q.2 (1) Q.3 (3) Q.4 (2) Q.5 (2) Q.6 (1) Q.7 (3) Q.8 (1) Q.9 (3) Q.10 (2)
Q.11 (1) Q.12 (4) Q.13 (4) Q.14 (2) Q.15 (1) Q.16 (1) Q.17 (1) Q.18 (4) Q.19 (2) Q.20 (2)
Q.21 (2) Q.22 (4) Q.23 (1) Q.24 (3) Q.25 (3) Q.26 (3) Q.27 (2) Q.28 (2) Q.29 (3) Q.30 (1)

EXERCISE-II

Q.1 (2) Q.2 (4) Q.3 (3) Q.4 (2) Q.5 (1) Q.6 (2) Q.7 (4) Q.8 (4) Q.9 (1) Q.10 (4)
Q.11 (4) Q.12 (2) Q.13 (2) Q.14 (2) Q.15 (3) Q.16 (2) Q.17 (4) Q.18 (3) Q.19 (3) Q.20 (1)
Q.21 (4) Q.22 (2) Q.23 (2) Q.24 (1) Q.25 (3) Q.26 (3) Q.27 (2) Q.28 (2) Q.29 (4) Q.30 (3)
Q.31 (3) Q.32 (2) Q.33 (1) Q.34 (2)

EXERCISE-III

MCQ/COMPREHENSION/MATCHING/NUMERICAL
Q.1 (C,D) Q.2 B,C) Q.3 (A,B) Q.4 (B, C, D) Q.5 (B, D)
Q.6 (C, D) Q.7 (A,C) Q.8 (A,C,D) Q.9 (A, B, C) Q.10 (A,B,C)
Q.11 (A, D) Q.12 (B,C) Q.13 (B,D) Q.14 (A,C) Q.15 (A, C)
Q.16 (D) Q.17 (C) Q.18 (D) Q.19 (A) Q.20 (C)
Q.21 (B) Q.22 (A)  (t), (B)  (s), (C) (t), (D) (p)
Q.23 (A)  (p), (B)  (q), (C)  (r) (D) (s) Q.24 (A) (p, q, r, s); (B) (p); (C) (P,R,S); (D)  (p)
Q.25 (13) Q.26 (3) Q.27 (3) Q.28 (2.83) Q.29 (3)
Q.30 (1) Q.31 (0.93) Q.32 (10) Q.33 (2) Q.34 (1)

EXERCISE-IV
JEE-MAIN
PREVIOUS YEAR'S
Q.1 (1) Q.2 (1) Q.3 (1) Q.4 (2) Q.5 (3) Q.6 (1) Q.7 (3) Q.8 (3) Q.9 (3) Q.10 (4)

JEE-ADVANCED
PREVIOUS YEAR'S
Q.1 [1] Q.2 (B) Q.3 (B) Q.4 [3] Q.5 (BCD) Q.6 2 Q.7 (D ) Q.8 (A) Q.9 [0.01]

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

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JEE - MATHEMATICS

INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC
FUNCTIONS
EXERCISE-I Q.9 (3)
  3  3 
Q.1 (2) sin 1     sin 1       3  3
 2  2
  3 sin   sin 1      cos sin 1   
 2  2    2 

cos 1 (cos 12)  sin 1 (sin 14)  12  14  2 . 3 1

Q.2 (1)  cos cos 1 1  
4 2
Q.3 (3) Given that tan 1 x  tan 1 y  tan 1 A
Q.10 (2) cot 1 3  cosec1 5  cot 1 3  cot 1 2
 xy  3  2  1 
tan 1  1
  tan A  cot 1  1
  cot (1)  .
 1  xy   3 2  4
xy
Hence A  . 1  5  1  cos 5  
1  xy
Q.11 (1) cos cos   sin  
 3  3  2
1  7  1    
Q.4 (2) cos  cos   cos cos     1 1 
6  6  ( sin x  cos x  ).
2
1   1   5
= cos   cos     cos cos     .
6 6 6 6 1  3  1  1  o o o
Q.12 (4) sin  2   sin  2   60  30  30 .
   
Q.5 (2) Obviously x  sin (  ) and y  sin (  )
 1 1
 1  xy  1  sin (  ) sin (  )  1 2  3 
 1 1 1
Q.13 (4) tan  tan  tan 1  = tan  tan 1

 1  sin 2   sin 2   sin 2   cos 2   2 3  1 
 6 
 cos x   sin ( / 2  x )  1  1 6  1
Q.6 (1) tan 1    tan 1   = tan tan    = .
1  sin x  1  cos ( / 2  x )  6 7 7
 2 sin ( / 4  x / 2) cos ( / 4  x / 2)  Q.14 (2)
 tan 1  
 2 cos 2 ( / 4  x / 2)   1 1 1  1
cos  cos 1  sin 1  cos 1   cos   cos 1 
  x  x  5 5 5 2 5
 tan 1 tan     
 4 2 4 2  1  24  2 6
  sin  cos 1    sin  sin 1   
 5  25  5
Q.7 (3) Let tan 1 2    tan   2
1 1 1 1
and cot 1 3    cot   3 Q.15 (1) sin x  sin  cos 1 x  cos 1
x x
sec 2 (tan 1 2)  cosec 2 (cot 1 3) 1 1  1  1  1  1  
={sin ( x )  cos ( x )}  sin    cos   
= sec 2   cosec 2  = 1  tan 2   1  cot 2   x x 
 
= 2  (2) 2  (3) 2  15   
2 2

1 1  3  14 4 1 3 4
Q.8 (1) Given, tan x  sin   Q.16 (1) sin  tan 1 , 2 tan 1  tan 1  cot 1 and
 10  5 3 3 4 3
 1  3   
 x  tan sin 
1
   tan {tan 3} tan 1 x  cot 1 x 
 10  2

 x = 3. Q.17 (1) Let cos 1 x  . Then x  cos 
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
17
 JEE - MATHEMATICS

  3 3 
1 1 x 2 sin 1 2 x  sin 1  x 1    1  x 2 
tan   sec   1 
2 1    4 2 
x2 x
x 3 
1 x2 2x    1  x 2 
 tan (cos 1 x )  tan   .
2 2 
x
3 x  3x
 2  1  x 2   2x 
2 2 2
  1     
tan 2 tan 1      tan  tan 1 5  tan 1 (1) 3(1  x 2 ) 9 x 2
Q.18(4)   5 4   1  
1
 25  4 4
1 1
 3  3x 2  9 x 2  x 2  x   .
 5  4 2
  1
 1 5 1  1  12 7
 tan  tan  tan (1)  tan tan  
 12   1  5  17 .   3 
 12 
 1 1   sin sin 1 3  1   4  1  
Q.23 (1) sin  3 sin  
 5  
   5   5  

Q.19 (2) Let x  tan 2     tan 1 x
1 1  1  x 
Now, cos    3 4   1  75  4  
2 1 x  sin sin 1     sin sin  
  5 125    125  
1  1  tan 2  
 cos 1  


 sin sin 1
71  71

2  1  tan 2    125  125
1 2
 cos 1 cos 2     tan 1 x
2 2
. 1 1 
Q.24 (3) tan (1  x )  tan (1  x ) 
 2
 1 1  1  2 / 3  
Q.20 (2) sin  4 tan   sin 2 tan   1 
3    1  (1 / 9)    tan (1  x )   tan 1 (1  x )
2
 3  2  (3 / 4)   tan 1 (1  x )  cot 1 (1  x )
 sin 2 tan 1   sin sin 1  
 4  1  (9 / 16) 
 tan 1 (1  x )  tan 1 
1 
3 16 24 
   1 x
2 25 25
1
 1 1 2 x   1 x   1 x2  1 x  0
 2 tan x  sin  1 x
 1 x2 
Q.25 (3) x  y  tan 1 33
 1  1   1
Q.21 (2) sin 2 tan     cos [tan (2 2 )]  y  tan 1 33  tan 1 3
 3 
33  3 30
 1 2 / 3   tan 1  tan 1  y  tan 1 (0.3)
= sin  tan  cos [tan 1 (2 2 )] 1  99 100
 1  1 / 9 
 sin[tan 1 3 / 4]  cos [tan 1 2 2 ] Q.26 (3) The given equation may be written as
3 1 14 2
   . tan 1 x  cot 1 x  cot 1 x  
5 3 15 3
3 2  
Q.22 (4) sin 1 2x  sin 1 x  sin 1 cot 1 x   =  x  3.
2 3 2 6

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JEE - MATHEMATICS

1 1 1 1   3
Q.27 (2)  cot 2  cos f(1) =  0 
5 2 4 4
Hence given equation can be written as Q.4 (2) cos [tan–1 {sin (cot–1 3 )}] = y
1  1
sin 1 x  cos 1   x   –1 1 
5 2 5 = cos [tan–1 (sin )] = cos tan 2 
6  

Q.28 (2) tan 1 ( x )  tan 1 ( y)  tan 1 (z)    –1 2  2

= cos cos =
 5 5
 tan 1 x  tan 1 y    tan 1 z
xy n
  z  x  y   z  xyz

1  xy Q.5 (1)  cos1 i  0
 x  y  z  xyz i 1
Dividing by xyz, we get cos–1 1 + cos–1 2 +.......+ cos–1 n
so, cos–1 1 is always positive
1 1 1 So, in order to have their sum 0 all should be equal
   1.
yz xz xy to 0
Note: Students should remember this question as a 
formula.
/ 2
Q.29 (3) cos 1 x  cos 1 (2 x )   
 cos 1 2 x     cos 1 x –1 1
0
 2x  cos(  cos 1 x ) cos–1 1 = cos–1 2 =.....= cos–1 n = 0
 cos–1 1 = 0  1 = 1
 2 x  cos (cos cos 1 x )  sin  sin(cos 1 x ) cos–1 2 = 0  2 = 1
2x   x  x  0 
But x = 0 does not satisfy the given equation.  
No solution will exist. cos–1 n = 0  n = 1
m

Q.30 (1) Given equation is 2 cos

1
x  sin 1
x
11   i = n
6 i 1

1 1 1 11
 cos x  (cos x  sin x ) 
6 n 
Q.6 (2) cot–1   > , n  N
1  11 
  6
 cos x  
2 6 n 
 cos  1 < cot  n< 3 –
x  4 / 3  6
which is not possible as cos 1 x 0,  .  n< 3 × 3.14  n=5

Q.7 (4) cosec–1 (cosx) is define if

EXERCISE-II cosx  1 or cos x  1
 cosx =  1  x = n
Q.1 (2) Given = 60º + 45º = 105º
Q.8 (4) x  2cos–1 cos x = 2– x
Q.2 (4)  –1  x  1 .....(1)
xR .....(2)
x  –1 or x 1 .....(3) 1 1 1  
By (1)  (2) (3 Q.9 (1) y = cos  cos   
 2  8 
 x  {–1, 1}
1 1
Q.3 (3) Domain of f(x) is x  { –1, 1} Let, cos–1 =   cos  =
8 8
    1  cos 
f(–1) =   
cos =
2 4 4 2 2

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

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 JEE - MATHEMATICS

1 8 3
1 63 x=
 8 2
cos = 
2 2
1  1 
Q.14 (2) sin–1 x + cot–1   =
9 3 2
  2
 =
16 4 1 
 sin–1 x + cos–1 =  sin–1  + cos–1 
 1  1   5 2
  cos  8   3
& cos = cos    
2 =
 2  4 2
 
  1
 x=
5
Q.10 (4) y = sin–1 [cos {cos–1 (cos x) + sin–1 (sin x)}]
    
–1 3 
  
given x   ,    <x< Q.15 (3) sin–1  tan 4  – sin  x  – 6 = 0
2  2    
3 
sin–1 (1) – sin–1 =
x 6
x
y=

Now cos–1 (cos x) = x

3   
 sin–1 = – =
0  x 2 6 3

 –x 3  3
 = sin =
/2 0  x 3 2
sin–1 (sin x) =  – x 
2  x=4

so, y = sin–1 [cos{x +  – x}] 1

Q.16 (2) By property if x < 0, tan–1 = cot–1 x – 
 x
y = sin–1 (cos )  sin–1 (–1)  –
2 1 
 tan–1 x + tan–1 = tan–1 x + cot–1 x –  = –
x 2
Q.11 (4) x  0,  = sin–1 x + cos–1 x – tan–1 x
  1 
 tan–1 x + tan–1 =–
[–1,1] [–1,1] x  R x 2
but x  0 so, x  [0, 1]
 3  2 
 Q.17 (4) y = tan sin 1    tan 1   
= – tan–1 x  5  3 
2
3 3
R :  ,  =    Let  = sin–1  sin  =
 x 1 x  0  4 2 5 5
3
tan  = 5
  4 3
Q.12 (2) sin x + sin y =
–1 –1
– cos–1 x – cos–1 y +
2 2 
2 3 3 4
=  – (cos–1 x + cos–1 y) = so sin–1   = tan–1  
3 5
  4
   3  2 
 cos–1 x + cos–1 y = so y = tan  tan 1    tan 1   
3
  4  3 

Q.13 (2) sin–1 x – cos–1 x = cos–1 3   3    2 

2 tan tan 1    tan tan 1  
 4
    3 
 3  y=
– 2cos–1 x = cos–1 =   3    2 
2 2 6 1  tan  tan 1    . tan  tan 1   
  4    3 

 cos–1 x =
6

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

20
JEE - MATHEMATICS

3 2   
 =  tan–1 x = 2 × = 8º
4 3 98 17 2 45 º 45 º
y= = = x = tan 8º
3 2 6 6
1 .
4 3
 1  sin x  1  sin x 
 1 1    cos1 x  Q.22 (2) y = cot–1  
Q.18 (3) tan   cos x  + tan   
4 2  4 2   1  sin x  1  sin x 
Let cos–1 x =   x = cos  
given <x<
    2
tan    + tan   
4 2 4 2  x x x x 
 sin 2  cos 2  sin 2  cos 2 
y = cot–1  
2 2
   
 1  tan    1  tan   x x x x 
 2   2  sin 2  cos 2  sin 2  cos 2 
  

1  tan 2
2   x 
 Now if <x<  < <
2 4 2 2
 
2  sec 2  x x
 2  2 Now sin > cos so, modulus will open directly
 = 2 2
 2   2  
 1  tan 2   cos  sin2 
   2 2  x 
 2 sin   x
2 
2 2 y = cot–1   x = cot–1   tan 
 =  2 cos   2 
cos  x  
 2

 ab  x  x
Q.19 (3) tan a + tan b =  + tan 
–1 –1 –1  y =  – cot–1(tan )   – cot–1 cot   
 1 – ab  2 2 2
if ab > 1, a > 0, b > 0  x  x
y=– + = +
2 2 2 2
1 1 
Q.20 (1) tan–1 + tan–1 = tan–1 1 =
2 3 4  1 x 
Q.23 (2) y = tan–1  ,0x1
 1 x 
 x2  1 1  put x = cos   = cos–1 x  [0, ]
Q.21 (4) tan–1  = 
x  45º  1  cos    
  y = tan–1   = tan–1  tan 
 1  cos    2 
   here given,0  x  1
put x = tan    = tan–1 x,     ,  0  cos   1
 2 2
 
 | sec  | 1  0<
tan–1   = 2
 tan   45 º
comes in PVR of  = cos–1 x
    
(but sec  is +ve for   ,  ) 0< 
 2 2 2 4
 1  cos     cos1 x
tan 
–1  = so, y = =
 sin   45 º 2 2
   
tan–1  tan  =
Now ymin = 0
 2  45 º 2 0

   
Now,– << 
2 2 ymax = 
2  4
    2
     
 4 2 4 so,  0, 
 4
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
21
 JEE - MATHEMATICS

Q.24 (1) tan 1 > 1 x = –3/2

   1   1
tan 1 >
4 tan-1   + tan–1  
 2   5 
 6 
 tan–1   (Rejected)
tan1  9 
1 So, 2 solutions
 1 
4 2 3 5
Q.27 (2) cos–1 + cos–1
5 13
tan 1 > tan–1 1 3 5 4 12 
= cos–1   –  
 5 13 5 13 

Q.25 (3) tan–1 (1 + x) + tan–1 (1 – x) =  33 
2 = cos–1  – 
 65 
1  x  1  x  
tan–1   = 1  3 sin 2  
 1  (1  x 2 )  2 Q.28 (2) sin–1   =
2  5  4 cos 2  4
2 3 sin 2
=  x2 = 0  =1
x2 5  4 cos 2
x=0
6 tan 
 =1
 1   1   2  tan2   9
Q.26 (3) tan–1   + tan–1   = tan–1  2   tan2  – 6 tan  + 9 = 0
 2 x  1   4 x  1  x   (tan  – 3)2 = 0
tan  = 3
 1 1 
  
2x  1 4 x  1  2
tan–1   = tan–1 2  
1  1  x Q.29 (4) sin1  2 x 1  x 2 
 (2x  1) ( 4 x  1) 
 

4 x  1  2x  1 2  2 sin x
1
if |x| 1
= 
2
(2x  1)( 4x  1)  1 x 2 1 1  x 1
=    2 sin x if
 2
6x  2
2 =
2
 6x3 + 2x2 = 16x2 + 12x 
    2 sin 1 x

 if  1  x   1
(8 x  6 x ) x2 2
 6x3 – 14x2 – 12x = 0 1
 x(6x2 – 14x – 12) = 0  2 sin–1x = sin–1 (2x 1 x 2 ) is true for |x| 
x = 0, 6x2 – 14x – 12 = 0 2
3
x = 0, x = 3,  2 
2 x x2  x
check : x = 0 Q.30 (3)cos–1   1  x2 1  = cos–1 – cos–1x
 2 4  2
  
+ = (Accepted) The above holds iff
4 4 2
x=3 x
1x0&1 0
1  1  2 2
tan–1   + tan–1   = tan–1   0x1 &0x2
7  13  9

1 1
 0x1
tan–1 7 13
1
1 3
91 Q.31 (3) cos–1 p + cos–1 1 p + cos–1 1 q =
4
 13  7 
 tan–1   (Accepted) 3
 90  cos–1( p 1 p – 1 p p )+cos–1 1  q =
4
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
22
JEE - MATHEMATICS

3
cos–1 0 + cos–1 1 q =
4 EXERCISE-III
 1 Q.1 (CD) x2 – x – 2 > 0
cos–1 1 q =  1–q=
4 2  satisfies it
1  2 – – 2 > 0
 q= so, 0  p  1 & 0  1 p  1 (– 1)2 – 3 > 0
2  (– 1) > 3 or – 1 < – 3
0p1& 01–p1 > 4 or < – 2
–1  –p  0  0  p  1 So C & D are correct.

x 5  Q.2 (B,C) Given :  = 2 tan–1 ( 2 – 1)

Q.32 (2) sin–1   + cosec–1   =
5 4 2  1   1
 = 3 sin–1   + sin–1   
x 4   2   2
sin–1   + sin–1   =
5
   5  2  1
 = cos–1  
  3
x 3 4 25  x 2    = 2 × 22.5º = 45º
sin–1      =
 5 5 5 5  2 3  7
= – = = 105º
4 6 12
3x 4 25  x 2  1
+ =1
25 25  = cos–1   = cos–1 (0.33)
3
x2 – 6x + 9 = 0  (x – 3)2 = 0 <<
 x=3

Q.33 (1) sin–1 x + sin–1 (1 – x) = cos–1 x so,  >   > 

(sin–1 x + sin–1 (1 – x)) = cos–1 x
sin–1 (x 1  (1  x)2 +(1–x) 1 x 2 ) = sin–1 1 x 2 3
Q.3 (AB) sin–1x + sin–1y + sin–1z =
2
x 2x  x 2 = 1 x 2 (1 – 1 + x)  x=y=z=1
x2(2x – x2) – (1 – x2)x2 = 0 9
2x3 – x2 = 0  x100 + y100 + z100 – 101 101 =0
x y  z101
x2 (2x – 1) = 0
1
 x = 0,
2 1 1  14  
Both accepted. Q.4 (BCD) cos  2 cos cos  5 
  

 1 1  14 
Q.34 (2) sin–1 (1 – x) – 2 sin–1 x = = cos  2 cos cos 5   cos  = cos (– )
2   
– 2 sin–1 x = cos–1 (1 – x)
1 – 2x2 = 1 – x  1  14   14 
= cos  2  5 – 2  since  (2, 3)
1    5
2x2 – x = 0  x = 0,
2  2 
check : x = 0 = cos  
5

L.H.S.  –0  2   3 
2 = – cos   –  = – cos  
 5   5 

= = RHS   2    
2 = sin  –  = sin  
5 5   10 
1
x=
2
 2 17 
   Q.5 (BD) 6 sin–1  x – 6 x  =
–  –  so rejected  2 
6 3 2
 2 17  
 sin–1  x – 6 x   =
 2  6
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
23
 JEE - MATHEMATICS

17 1   17   a
 x2 – 6x + = tan  tan 1   =
2 2   6  b
 x – 6x + 8 = 0
2

 x =2, 4 a 17
= a – b = 11
b 6
  a + b = 23
Q.6 (CD) sin–1 x > cos–1 x =
– sin–1 x  3b = 3.6 = 18 = a + 11
2
 1
sin–1 > x> also |x|  1  4n
4 2 Q.11 (AD)  tan 1
n  2n 2  2
4
n 1
 1 
 x   , 1
 tan n  1  tan (n  1) 
k
 2  = lim
1 2 1 2
k 
n 1

lim tan k  1  tan k  tan 1  tan 0

Q.7 (AC) f(x) = sin–1 x + cos–1x 1 2 1 2 1 1
=
 k 
Now f(x) will be equal to iff arg lie b/w –1 to 1    3
2 =   0 
2 2 4 4
1  32 
Q.8 (ACD) cosec–1 x = sin–1 |x|  1 Also tan–12 + tan–13 =  + tan–1  
x  1  3 .2 
Since xy = 6 > 1
1– x2 3
Q.9 (ABC) tan–1 since 0 < x < 1 =
1 x 4
 sin  
= tan–1   (let
 1  cos  

cos–1 x =  0 <  < )
2
1
and sec  2    3
4
    Q.12 (BC) 2x = tan (2tan–1 a) + 2tan(tan–1 a + tan–1 a3)
= tan–1 tan    0, 
2 2  4 2x = tan(tan–1 a + tan–1a) + 2 tan (tan–1 a + tan–1a3)
 1 2a a  a3
= = cos–1 x ....(1)
2 2 2x = +2
1  a2 (1  a 2 ) (1  a 2 )

also cos  = 2 cos2 –1 a a
2 x= +
1 a (1  a 2 )
2
 1 x a2x – x + 2a = 0 (A) is valid
cos = (taking cos–1 on both side)
2 2 & a  –1 & 1 (D) is valid
  1 x    
 
cos–1 cos =
2
= cos–1  2  since 2   0, 4  Q.13 (BD)

6sin–1  x 2  6 x 
17 
 =
  2 

  1 x 
   17  
 = cos–1  2  ...(2) sin–1  x 2  6 x   =
2   2  6
 1– x 17 1
similarly sin = x2 – 6x + – =0
2 2 2 2
x = 2, 4
  1– x
sin–1 sin = = sin–1 ...(3)
2 2 2
 1   1 
 1 x Q.14 (AC) Given a = sin–1   + cos–1  
also = tan–1 ...(4)  2   2 
2 1– x
 1 


b = tan–1  3 – cot–1 
 3
 
4  2  a
Q.10 (ABC) tan  cos 1   tan 1   =
 5  3  b   5
a=– +– 
4 3 12
 1 3  1 2   a
tan  tan    tan    =  
 4
  3
  b b=– –+  –
3 3
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
24
JEE - MATHEMATICS

17 7 1 x2
a–b= &a+b=– i.e cos–1 x =  + tan–1 , –1 < x < 0 is correct.
12 12 x
Q.15 (AC)cos–1 x = tan–1 x x (0, 1] 3
Q.19 (A) sin–1 x <
4
1 – x2 3
tan–1 = tan–1 x x > sin
x 4
taking tan on both side 1 – x2 = x
2
1
 1 – x = x x + x – 1 = 0 1x>
2 4 4 2
2
– 1 5  1 
x2 = since x2 is +ve avoid negative result x , 1
2  2 
5 1 3 3
sin(cos–1 x) = sin(sin–1 1 x 2 ) = 1 x 2 = x2 = Q.20 (C) sin–1 (–1) + cosec–1 (–1)    3
2 2 2
5 1
tan(cos–1 x) = tan (tan–1 x) = x  Q.21 (B) If –1  x  1
2 then –1  –x  1
Q.16 (D)Let cos–1 x = , then x = cos and 0   3 1 5
So  tan (x) 
4 4
 sin–1 1 x 2 = sin–1 (sin )
Q.22 (A)  (t), (B)  (s), (C) (t), (D) (p)
 
  if 0   
2

= (A) Given expression = 2sin–1x – maximum at
 2
   if  
 2  
(B)Given expression = t    t  ,
2
t = sin–1 x
 cos 1 x if 0  x 1 2 
= 1 1
  cos x if 1 x  0 
minimum at t   x
4 2
 cos–1 x = sin–1 1 x 2 if 0 < x < 1 is true. (C) Similar to (B)
3
  
Q.17 (C) Let sin–1 x = , then x = sin  and –  (D) Given expression = (sin x) + (cos x) =   –
–1 3 –1 3

2 2 2
 cos–1 1 x 2 = cos (cos )
–1  –1  
3sin– 1 x  – sin x  .
 2  2
 
  ,  2    0 3 3 2 3
=  = (sin–1x)2 – sin–1x +
  , 0 2 4 8
 2 This is quadratic in sin–1x. Therefore it will give maximum
 sin1 x ,  1  x  0 
value when sin–1x = –  x = –1
= 2
 sin1 x , 0  x  1
Let the domain and range of inverse circular functions
 sin–1 x = cos–1 1 x 2 if 0 < x < 1 is true are defined as follows Domain Range
Q.18 (D) Let cos–1 x = , then x = cos  and 0  sin–1x [–1, 1]   , 3  cos–1x [–1, 1] [0, ] tan–1x R
2 2 
 
1 x2
 tan–1 = tan–1 (tan )   3 
x  , 
  2 2 
  , 0
2   3 
=  cot–1x R (0, ) cosec–1x (–, –1]  [1, )  ,  – {}
   ,  2 2 
 2

 cos 1 x , 0  x 1 sec–1x(–, –1]  [1, ) [0, ] –  
2
=
   cos 1 x ,  1  x  0
Q.23 (A)  (p), (B)  (q), (C)  (r) (D) (s)

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

25
 JEE - MATHEMATICS

3 2
  sin A = sin    B   cos B  1  sin 2 B
17 2  
(A) G.E. = 4 3 
32 6 5 144 169
1–   1  2 or 2  1
43 x x x
1 or x2 = 169 or x = 13
2. [ x = –13 does not satisfy the given equation]
5 –1
1 Q.26 (0003)
1–
25 7
(B) G.E. = 1 1 2
1 17 tan 1  tan 1  tan 1 2
2. 1  2x 1  4x x
1 5 .1
1 1 1 

1– 1 1 
 2x 1  4x   tan 1 2
25 or tan 
1 1  x2
1  
1  1  2x 1  4x 
1
8 2  6x 2
(C) G.E. = = or 2
 2
2 6x  8x x
or 6x3 – 14x2 – 12x = 0
5 5 or x (x – 3) (3x + 2) = 0
(D) G.E. = cos tan–1 =
3 3 or x = 3 or x = –2/ 3
But for x = –2/3, L.H.S < 0 and R.H.S. > 0
Q.24 (A) (p, q, r, s); (B) (p); (C) (P,R,S); (D)  (p) Hence, the only solution is x = 3.
 2 
  1 x
 sin 1 
4 
(A) f(x) = sin–1  sin x  1  sin x  1  Q.27 (0003) sin
  5 5 2
For all values of x 1 x  4
 sin   sin 1
| sin x – 1| will open negative 5 2 5
|sin x + 1| is positive 1 x 4
 sin  cos 1
 5 5
f(x) = sin–1 (1)
2  sin 1 x  sin 1 3
so P, Q, R. S 5 5
(B) f(x) = cos–1 (|x – 1| – |x – 2|) x=3
In (–, 1] –x + 1 + x – 2 = –1
cos–1 (–1) =  Q.28 (2.83)
(1, 2) not in domain. 4 3
[2, ) cos–1 [1] = 0 So, Ans. P cos 1  tan 1
5 4
  4 1 2
  1
 cos  tan
   5 3
(C) f(x) = sin–1  1  1  
 sin x  2  sin x  2   3 2 
   43  1 17
 tan 
1
  tan
Domain |x|  1 3
1 .  2 6
Ans. P,R,S  4 3
Q.29 (0003)
(D) f(x) = cos (cos–1 |x|)
+ sin–1 (sin x) – cosec–1 (cosec x) + cosec–1 |x| 1 1 1 
domain of f(x) We have cot x  sin 
5 4
|x| = 1
x=±1 1 1/ 5 
 tan 1  tan 1 
x 1 4
Q.25 (0013) 1
5
1 5 5
Put sin A or  sin A 1 1
x x  tan 1  tan 1  tan 1 1
x 2
12 12
sin 1
B or  sin B 1 1
x x  tan 1  tan 1 1  tan 1
x 2

A+ B =
2

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

26
JEE - MATHEMATICS

 1   16(tan 1 x)2  8 tan 1 x  32  0

1 1
 1 2 
 tan 1
 tan    16(tan 1 x) 2  12 tan 1 x  4 tan 1 x  32  0
x  1  1. 1   4(tan 1 x)  4 tan 1 x  3   (4 tan 1 x  3)  0
 2
 3 3
 tan 1  tan 1    x  3
1 1  tan 1 x   , but tan 1 x  as
4 4 4
x 3
3    
tan x     , 
1
Q.30 (0001) 4  2 2
  
Given sin 1 A  cos1 B  ..... (1)  x  tan     1
2  4

But sin 1 A  cos 1 A  ..... (2)
2 EXERCISE-IV
 from (1) & (2).A = B
JEE-MAIN
x 2 x3 x4 x6 PREVIOUS YEAR’S
x    ....to   x 2    ....to 
2 4 2 4 1  2  1  3   3
Q.1 (1) cos    cos     x  
x x2 3x 4x 2 4
   x(2  x 2 )  x 2 (2  x)
 x  x2   2 3 4 9  
1    1    cos 1    1 2 1 
2 
 2  2   3x 4x 9x 16x  2
 2x(x  1)  0 1 9x 2  4 16x 2  9
 x = 0 or 1  
but x  0 2x 2 12x 2
x=1  6  9x 2  4 16x 2  9
Square both side

Q.31 (0.93) sin  2 tan

1 1 

3
1

  cos tan 2 2  36 = 144x4 – 81x2 – 64x2 + 36
 144x 4  145x 2
 3

 sin  tan 1   cos tan 1 2 2
 4
 x 
4 145x 2
 x
145
,0
144 12
 3  1  3 1 14 3 145
 sin  sin 1   cos  cos 1     .  x  hence x 
 5   3  5 3 15 4 12
 1  2    1  2  
Q.32 (0010) tan   cos      tan   cos   
  
7 2   2  7 
  2   2  2
 tan sin 1     tan tan 1  
  
7 3 5  3 5

1 
Q.33 (0002) cos  2
1 
  sin
 x  x 1 
1

x2  x 1 

2
 Q.2 (1)
10
1   
  x2  x 1
x  x 1
2

 x  x  1  1 x + x = 0 x = – 1, 0
2 2

x = sin –1 (sin 10) = 3 –10

5 2
 
1 1 2
Q.34 (1) tan x  cot x  2 tan 1 x cot 1 x 
8
2   5
2
  2 tan1 x   tan 1 x  
4 2  8
2 5 2
   tan 1 x  2(tan 1 x) 2 
4 8

5  
2 
 2(tan 1 x) 2   tan 1 x 
8

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

27
 JEE - MATHEMATICS

y = cos (cos 10) = 4 – 10

–1

y–x= y
Q.8 (3) cos–1x – cos–1 =
2
 19  n  y
Q.3 (1) cot   cot 1  1   2p   cos(cos–1x – cos–1 ) = cos 
 n 1  p 1   2
 
 19  y y2

 cot   cot 1 1  n 2  n   x×
2
+ 1  x2
4
1= cos
 n 1 
 xy 
2  y2 
 19  1   2 1 – 
 cot   tan 1  
 coa –  = (1 – x )  4 
2
 1  n  n   2  
 n 1
 19  y2
 cot   tan 1  n  1  tan 1 1 x2 + – xy cos  = 1– cos2  = sin2
4
 n 1 
 
 cot  tan 20  tan 1
1 1
 4 5 16 
Q.9 (3) 2   sin 1  sin 1  sin 1 
 5 13 65 
 19 
 cot  tan 1   4 5 16 
 21   2   tan 1  tan 1  tan 1 
21  3 12 63 

19   4 5  
Q.4 (2) (cot–1 (x) – 5) (cot–1 (x) – 2) > 0  1  3  12  1 16

 cot–1 (x)  (–, 2)  (5, )  2   tan    tan 
  4 5  63 
Put 0 < cot–1 (x) <    1  .  
 cot–1 (x)  (0, 2)   3 12  
 x  (cot 2, )  1 63 16 
 2   tan  tan 1 
 16 63 
Q.5 (3) tan –1 2x + tan –1 3x    63 63 
4  2   tan 1  cot 1 
2x  3x  16 16 
Taking tangent on both side, we get 1 
1  6x 2  2 
 6x 2  5x  1  0   x  1 6x  1  0 2
3
1 
x {–1 is rejected as it does not satisfies the 2
6
given equation }
Hence number of element is S is one. 1  1  1 1 1
Q.10 (4) S = tan    tan  tan 1  .......
3 7 13
3 1
Q.6 (1) cos  = , tan  = 1  1  1  1  1  1 
5 3 = tan    tan    tan    ...
4  1  1.2   1  2.3   1  3.4 
 tan  =
3 1  2  1  1  3  2 
= tan    tan  
4 1
  1  2.1   1  3.2 
3 3  9
 tan( – ) =  43  1  11  10 
4 1 13 tan 1    ........  tan  
1 .  1  3.4   1  11.10 
3 3
= (tan 2 – tan 1) + (tan 3 – tan 2) + (tan–14 – tan–13)
–1 –1 –1 –1
9 + ..... + (tan–111 – tan–110)
 sin ( – ) =
5 10 = tan–111 – tan–11
 9  1  11  1  1  5 
  –  = sin–1   = tan   = tan  
5 10   1  11.1  6
5
tan (S) =
 12  3 6
Q.7 (3) sin–1   – sin–1  
 13  5 JEE-ADVANCED
sin–1
x 1 y 2
 y 1 x 2
 PREVIOUS YEAR’S
1  sin   sin  
Q.1 (1) tan   = sin–1  
 33   56    56  
= sin–1   = cos–1   = – sin–1    cos 2   cos  
 65  65
  2  65   f() = tan
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
28
JEE - MATHEMATICS

df cos 2x ( 2 sin x) + 2 sin2 x = 2 sin x cos x  2 sin x

 =1
d tan  [cos 2x + 2 sin x – 2 cos x] = 0
23 Either sin x = 0
Q.2 (B) cot  cot
n 1
–1
1  2  4  6  ......  2n OR cos2x – sin2 x = 2 (cos x – sin x)
 cot cot–1(1 + n(n + 1)) sec x  1 OR cos x = sin x
n  1 – n
cot  tan–1 1  n (n  1)  sec x  2
Ans. 2 OR 4
 tan 
23
–1 –1
t (n  1) – tan n (S cot (sin–1 1 x 2 ) = sn (tan–1(x 6 ))
n 1
 –1 24 – 1 
cot(tan–124 – tan–11) cot  tan 
1 + 6x 2
 1  24  1 x 6
 –1 25  25 1 - x2
cot  cot 
 23  23
x 1
1/ 2
 2 
  1  cos(tan 1 y )  y sin(tan 1 y ) 
 4 x x 6
Q.3 (B) (P)  y 2  cot(sin1 y )  tan(sin 1 y )   y  2 =  1 + 6x2 = 6 – 6x2  2= 5
    1 x 1  6x 2
5 1 5
 2 
1/ 2 x= =
  12 2 3
  1 y.y   
   Ans. 1
  1  y 2 
1  y 2  
 1  4
=  y2 y 
 2  10  x x
   1 y  y   Q.4 (3) f(x) = (si) x  [0, 4] & f(x) = =1–
   2    10 10
  
y 1  y   
 

(0,1)
2  (10,0) 4 

 1 2 
1/ 2 so, 3 solution.
=  2 .y (1  y )  y 
4 4
=1
y  6 6
Q.5 (B,C,D)  = 3sin–1 > 3sin–1
11 12
y 1 4 4
and  = 3cos–1 > 3cos–1
9 8

 > &
1- y2 2
>
Ans. 4
(Q) cos x + cos y = – cos z 3
sn x + sin = – sin z  +>
square and add 2
2 + 2 os (x – ) = 1 
x2
Q.6 (2)  x 
i 1
 cos (x – y) = –1/2
i 1 1 x
xy xy
2cos2   – 1 = –1/2,  cos   = 1/2  i
 2   2  x x
Ans. 3   2 
i 1

2x
    
(R) cos 2x  cos 4  x   cos 4  x   + 2 sin2 x = 2
i

 x x
        
i 1  2  2 x
sin x cos x

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

29
 JEE - MATHEMATICS


x  1 
  x   x   ,  (1, )
i

i 1 1 x  1  e 
To have real solutions x
also –e0
 
x
i 
 x   i
x 1
x         x 
i 1 i
  (e  1)x  e
i 1 i 1  2  i 1  2  i 1 0
x 1
x2 x2 x x + – +
  
1 x 2  x 2  x 1 x 1 e/(e–1)
x(x3 + 2x2 + 5x – 2) = 0  e 
 x = 0 and let f(x) = x3 + 2x2 + 5x – 2  x  (–, 1)   ,
 e  1 
1  1
f  . f  < 0  1   e 
2  2 So E2 :  ,  ,
 1  e   e  1 
Hence two solutions exist
x
as Range of is R+ – {1}
x 1
n   x  j   x  j  1   Range of f is R – {0} or (–, 0)  (0, )
f
Q.7 (D ) n  x   tan 1  
j1  1   x  j x  j  1          
Rane of g is  ,  /{0} or   , 0    0, 
n  2 2  2   2
f n  x     tan 1  x  j  tan 1  x  j  1  Now P  4, Q  2, R  1, S  1
j1 Hence A is correct
f n  x   tan 1  x  n   tan 1 x Q.9 (0.01)
 tan  f n  x    tan  tan 1
 x  n   tan 1
x   
 1 10 1 
tan  f n  x   
x  n  x    7 k   7 (k  1)  
sec–1  4 k 0
1 x x  n  cos    cos   
  12 12   12 2  
n
tan  f n  x   
1  x  nx 2   7  (k  1)  7  k   
 10 sin      
 sec  f n  x    1  tan 2  f n  x  
2
1  12 2  12 2   
= sec–1  4 k 0  7  k   7  (k  1)  
 n 
2
cos    cos   
sec 2  f n  x    1   

  12 12   12 2  
 1  x  nx 
2

2
 n   1  10  7   7 k   
lim sec 2  f n  x    lim1    1 = sec–1    tan   (k  1)   tan     
x  x 
 1  x 2
 nx  4
  k 0  12 2   12 2   

x  1   11 7   7   
Q.8 (A) E1 : 0 = sec–1   tan     tan    
x 1  4   2 12   12   
+ – +
0 1 1 7 7  
 E1 : x  (–, 0)  (1, ) = sec–1    cot  tan  
 4 12 12  
 x 
E2 : –1  n   1   
 x 1 1 
1
1 x –1    

e x 1
e = sec
 4  sin 7 cos 7   
x 1   12 12  
Now  0
x 1 e  
(e  1)x  1  1 1 
 0  
e(x  1) = sec–1  2 7  = sec–1(1) = 0.00
+ – +  sin 
 6 
–1/(e–1) 1

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

30