Conceptual Design: Uml Class Diagram Relationships
Conceptual Design: Uml Class Diagram Relationships
HealthClubMember
Class attributes
operations
Objects
• Relationships
A RELATIONSHIP is what a class or an object
knows about another class or object.
In this example:
• Removal of a University
Course should also
UniversityCourse remove Students that are
in the Course but not
Student Information.
• Removal of a Student in
0,m
a Course should not affect
either University Course or
Student Information.
UML Class Diagram Notation 1 of 2
Class
Member
memberNumber
Expanded view of a
firstName
lastName Class into its three
attributes telephone
address sections:
city Top: Class Name
etc...
Middle: attributes
checkOutVideo
operations
{ checkInVideo
buyItem
etc...
Bottom: operations
UML Class Diagram Notation 2 of 2
Class
Generalization
Relationship
Object Object
Aggregation Composition
Object Association Association Association
n n 1..* 1
0..* 0..*
Class
• Generalization
Object
• Association
• Aggregation
• Composition
Generalization (Class-to-Class) (superclass – subclass; supertype – subtype)
Person
attributes
operations
a1
a2
Generalization
a3
a1 o1
a2 o2
One-Way
Common a3 o3
o1 Inheritance
o2 from the
o3 Specialization
Generalization
a1
to the
a2
Specialization a3
Specialization a4
a4 a5
a5 a6
a6 o1
Unique o4 o2
o5 o3
o6 o4
o5
(a = attribute; o = operation) o6
Generalization - Multiple Inheritance
Generalization1 Generalization2
a1 a2
a2 a4
a3 a5
o3 o1
o4 o2
o5 o3
Specialization
a6
a7 a1
a8 a2 (which one?)
inherited attributes a3
o6 a4
o1 o7 a5
o2 o8
(which one?) o3 inherited operations
o4
o5
UML Generalization Notation
Note
Useful text
Supertype
discriminator
Subtype 1 Subtype 2
Discriminator
Doctor
Female
role
<<abstract>>
Nurse
Person
Gender
Male {complete} patient
Physical-
#1 therapist
Patient
#3
#2
Rational Rose Class Diagram Example
Associations
Relationships between instances (objects)
of classes
Conceptual:
• associations can have two roles (bi-directional):
– source --> target
– target --> source
• roles have multiplicity (e.g., cardinality,
constraints)
• To restrict navigation to one direction only, an
arrowhead is used to indicate the navigation
direction
No inheritance as in generalizations
Object Association Relationship Patterns
b) Object Whole
attributes
Aggregation operations
Associations
Class A x x
attributes x
operations
x x x x
c) Object Whole
attributes
Composition operations
Class A x Class B
attributes attributes
Associations
x (y may not be “1”) 1 1
operations operations 1
y y y
a) Object Associations
Part1 Part2 PartN
attributes attributes attributes
operations operations operations
Associations
role B
Class A Class B
role A
Example:
Employee
Company Person
Employer
Multiplicities
1
Class exactly one
0..* many
Class (zero or more)
0..1 optional
Class
(zero or one)
m..n numerically
Class specified
Example:
0..*
Course CourseOffering
1
Aggregation & Composition
• Aggregation (shared aggregation):
• is a specialized form of ASSOCIATION in which
a whole is related to its part(s).
• is known as a “part of” or containment
relationship and follows the “has a” heuristic
• three ways to think about aggregations:
• whole-parts
• container-contents
• group-members
• Composition (composite aggregation):
• is a stronger version of AGGREGATION
• the “part(s)” may belong to only ONE whole
• the part(s) are usually expected to “live” and
“die” with the whole (“cascading delete”)
• Aggregation vs. Composition vs. Association???
Aggregation Composition
Faculty SalesOrder
(team-teaching 1..* 1
is possible)
0..* 1..*
CourseTeaching SalesOrderLineItem
Person
{abstract} 1
Person FacultyRole
0..1
1
Faculty Student 0..1
StudentRole
FacultyStudent
Template/Pattern Example
w
Whole 1 w
Whole 2 w
w
3
4
0..*
p
p 6
0..* p 5
p 4
p
Part p 3
Part 2
1
3
1
5 2
Part1 PartN
•One Whole is associated with 5 Part1 •One Whole is associated with 2 PartN
•One Part1 is associated with 1 Whole •One PartN is associated with 3 Whole
P
P W
P
W P P P W
P W
P
W W
P
Multiplicity Example #2
Class1
max. 1 2..5
min.
1..n
0..*
Class2 Class3
1..n * C3 2..5 C1
C2 1 C1
C3
C1
C2 C3 C1
C2 C1 C3
C1 C2 C1
C2 C3
C1
C3
C2
etc... etc...
Multiplicity Example #3
FacultyInformation StudentInformation
1 0..* 1 1 1
1..* 0..*
0..*
DegreeHeld CommitteeAssign
CourseCompleted
0..* 0..*
CourseTeach ClubMember
“many-to-many” multiplicity
StudentInformation 0..* CourseInformation
attributes attributes
operations 0..* operations
Becomes either
1 1
0..* 0..*
Course
0..*
0..*
has pre-requisite of
Video Store – UML Class Diagram
1 1
Inventory
SaleItem RentalItem
0..* 0..*
Transaction Employee StoreLocation
1 1