RAMEEN KASHIF
RP19-CE01
SEMESTER-3
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ASSIGNMENT – 6
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES – II
SELF-ASSESSMENT TESTS (SATs)
Section-4.1
1. Write down the ideal gas law.
Ideal gas law: PV=nRT
Where P= pressure, V= volume, n= no. of moles, R= ideal gas constant, T= temperature.
2. What are the dimensions of:
(a) T= Temperature=[𝜃]
(b) P= Pressure=[M L-1T-2]
(c) V= Volume=[L3]
(d) n= Mole=[N]
(e) R= Ideal gas constant= [M L2 T-2 N-1 𝜃-1]
3. List the standard conditions of gas in:
(a) AE: T= 32 ◦F, P= 1 atm
(b) SI: T= 273.15K, P= 101.325kPa
4. Calculate the volume in ft3 of 10 lbmole of ideal gas at 68 ◦F and 30psia.
N=10 lbmol, T=68°F, P=30psia
According to ideal gas law, V=nRT/P
10 lb mole 10.73 psia. Ft3 (68+460) ◦R = 1888 ft3
Lb mole . ◦R 30 psia
5. A steel cylinder of volume 2 m3 contains methane gas (CH4 ) at 50°C and 250 kPa
absolute. How many kilograms of methane are in the cylinder?
Density = P(MW)/(RT)
Put Density = m/v, we get mass = P(MW)/(RT) x V
250kPa 16 kg 2 m3
3
= 2.98 kg
8.314 m (kPa)/(K)(kgmol) kgmol (50+273)K
1|Page
6. What is the value of the ideal gas constant R to use if the pressure is to be
expressed in atmospheres, the temperature in kelvin, the volume in cubic feet, and
the quantity of material in pound moles?
We take
R = 8.314 m3. kPa/(K)(kgmol)
Now we will convert it to
the required units:
8.314 m3 . kPa 1 atm 1 kgmol (3.28ft)3
= 1.32 atm. Ft3/(K)(lbmol)
(K)(kgmol) 101.325kPa 2.2lbmol 1m3
7. Twenty-two kilograms per hour of CH4 are flowing in a gas pipeline at 30°C and 920
mm Hg. What is the volumetric flow rate of the CH4 in cubic meters per hour?
Basis: 1 hour
V = nRT/P
22kg 8.314 m3 . kPa 303K 760 mm
Hg = 28.3 m3
16kg/kgmol (K)(kgmol) 920 mm Hg 101.3kPa
Volumetric flow rate = 28.3 m3/hr
8. What is the density of gas that has MW= 0.123kg/kgmol, T=300K and P= 1000kPa?
Density = P(MW)/(RT)
1000kPa 0.123 kg 1
= 0.049 kg/m3
8.314 m3(kPa)/(K)(kgmol) kgmol 300K
9. What is the specific gravity of CH4 at 70◦F and 2 atm as compared to air at SC?
Sp. Gr= density of methane/ density of air
Sp. Gr= (PM/T)methane ÷ (PM/T)air = (2 x 16/530) ÷ (1 x 29/492) = 1.02
10. A gas has following composition at 120◦F and 13.8 psia:
2|Page
(a) Partial pressure of each component:
PN2= Ptotal (xN2) = 13.8 (2/100) = 0.276 psia
PCH4= Ptotal (xCH4) = 13.8 (79/100) = 10.902 psia
PC2H6= Ptotal (xC2H6) = 13.8 (19/100)= 2.622 psia
(b) Volume fraction of each component:
Volume fraction is equal to the given mole percentages.
11. If the C2H6 were removed from the gas in problem 10, what would be the
subsequent pressure in the vessel?
(a) The pressure in vessel = 13.8 – 2.62 = 11.18 psia at 2 ft³ and 120°F
(b) The partial pressure of N2 = 0.02 x 11.18 = 0.28 psia at 2ft³ and 120°F
12. A furnace is fired with 1000 ft³ per hour at 60° F and 1 atm of a natural gas having
the following volumetric analysis, CH4: 80%, C2H6: 16%, O2: 2%, CO2: 1%, N2: 1%. The exit
fire gas temperature is 800°F and the pressure is 760 mm Hg absolute: 15% excess air is
used and combustion is complete, Calculate the following:
a) Volume of CO2 produced per hour.
b) Volume of H2O vapor produced per hour.
c) Volume of N2 produced per hour.
d) Total volume of flue gas produced per hour.
Answer:
a) 2735 ft³/in
b) 5,034 ft³/hr
c) 22,429 ft³/hr
d) 30,975 ft³/hr
13. A flue gas contains 60% N2 and is mixed with air. If the resulting mixture flows at a
rate of 250,000 ft³/hr and contains 70% N2. What is the flow rate of the flue gas?
State all your assumptions concerning the temperatures and pressures of the gas
streams.
Assumptions: The gas entering and leaving at the same temperature and pressure
F + A = 250,000
For N2 balance
0.6 F + 0.79 A = 0.70(250,000)
0.60F + 0.79 F + 1975000 = 0
- 0.19 F = -22500
3|Page
F = 118421
The flow rate will be 118421 ft³/hr.
Section-4.3
1. Draw a P-T chart for water.
2. Describe the state and values of the pressure of water initially at 20°F as the
temperature is increased to 250°F in a fixed volume.
P1V1/T1=P2V2/T2
As volume is fixed, we have V1=V2
P1/T1=P2/T2
Replacing the values above gives: P2=2.05atm
From the above graph we can see that water will exist as equilibrium between liquid
and vapour phase.
3. At what pressure is solid carbon dioxide in equilibrium with the liquid and vapour
one? Check from book appendix J. If the solid is placed in the atmosphere, what
happens?
It is at the triple point of CO2. P = 5.11 atm.
Dry ice is actually solid, frozen carbon dioxide, which happens to sublimate or turn to
gas, at chilly -78.5°C.The fog you see is actually a mixture of cold carbon dioxide gas and
cold, humid air, created as the dry ice sublimates.in the atmosphere it will directly
change from solid to liquid.
4|Page
4. Use the Antoine equation to calculate the vapor pressure of ethanol at 50°C, and
compare with the experimental value.
𝐁
Using the Antoine equation 𝐥𝐧 𝐏 = 𝐀 − where T is in °C.
𝐂+𝐓
For Ethyl Alcohol: A=8.213, B=1652.050, C=231.480, T=50°C
Putting the values to find vapour pressure, we get:
P=220.8mmHg
5. Determine the normal boiling point of benzene from the Antoine equation.
To determine boiling point of benzene
𝐁
Using the Antoine equation, 𝐥𝐧 𝐏 = 𝐀 −
𝐂+𝐓
Vapour pressure of benzene=760mmHg, A=6.87, B=1196.76, C=219.161
Putting the values: Ln(760)=6.87-(1196.76/219.161+T)
T=80.25°C = 353.4K
Section-4.4
1. What does the term “saturated gas” mean?
Gas saturation occurs when the level of dissolved gas in a particular body tissue has
reached its maximum.
2. If a container with volumetric ratio of air to liquid water of 5 is heated to 60 degree
celsius and equilibrium is reached, will there still be water present at 125 °C?
𝑽𝒂𝒊𝒓
=5
𝑽𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓
At T1 = 60°C = 60+273 = 333K …yes water will be present
T2 = 125°C = 125+273 = 398K …yes water will be present
3. A mixture of air and benzene contains 10 mole % benzene at 43°C and 105kPa
pressure. At what temperature does the first liquid form?
Benzene = 10 mole % = 0.1 = xB
105 kPa 760 mm Hg = 787.56 mm Hg
101.325 kPa
PB = PT xB = 787.56 x 0.1 = 78.756
5|Page
𝐁
Using Antoine equation: 𝐥𝐧 𝐏 = 𝐀 −
𝐂+𝐓
ln (78.756) = 15.9008 – 2788.51/(52.36+T)
Solving the above expression gives, T = 294.12K = 21.118°C
4. The dew point of water in atmospheric air is 82°F. What is the mole fraction of water
vapour in air if barometric pressure is 750 mm Hg?
Dew point = 82°F
PT = 750 mm Hg
PH2O = P*H2O = 27.965 mm Hg
PH2O = PT (xH2O)
xH2O = 27.965/750 = 0.0372
5. Ten pounds of KClO3 is completely decomposed and the oxygen evolved collected
over water at 80 °F. The barometer reads 29.7 in. Hg. What weight of saturated
oxygen is obtained?
2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2
Mass of KClO3 = m= 10 lb
No. of moles of KClO3 = m/MW = 10 / 122.5 = 0.0816 lb mole
0.0816 lb mole of 3 moles of oxygen
= 0.1224 moles of oxygen = nO2
KClO3
2 moles of KClO3
Mass of oxygen = nO2 x MW = 0.1224 x 32 = 3.92 lb
6. If a gas is saturated with water vapours, describe the state of vapour and air if:
(a) Heated at constant pressure: both are gases
(b) Cooled at constant pressure: some liquid water, residual is gas
(c) Expanded at constant temperature: both are gases
(d) Compressed at constant temperature: some liquid water, residual is gas
6|Page
QUESTIONS
1. Draw the phase diagram of CO2.
2. What is the critical temperature of water? Compare with O2, CO2 and H2, and tell
are they gas or vapour.
The critical temperature of water is 374°C. It is the highest temperature at which
water can exist in liquid phase. Below this temperature, the water that appears in
gaseous form is not actually gas, but vapour.
O2 has critical temperature of -119°C. Thus at standard room temperature (25°C) it is
a gas. However, comparative to water it is a vapour.
CO2 has critical temperature of 31.2°C. Comparative to water it is a vapour.
H2 has critical temperature of -239.8°C which is far below the critical temperature of
water. It is, too, a vapour. At room temperature, it exists as gas.
7|Page
