Introduction

A novel Coronavirus emerged at the end of December 2019 in Wuhan city Hubei Province, in
China where the current outbreak of pneumonia began and spread rapidly, affecting other parts
of China, and later on, the same measures were detected in several countries around the world
and became a global threat. As the world is increasingly affected by the disease education is no
exception the Coronavirus pandemic has caused tremendous damage in the field of education
and this emergency has cost a massive closure of all schools nationwide of face-to-face classes
activities in educational institutions.
More than 190 countries responded to the agreed-upon solution to the crisis by suspending
face-to-face classes at all levels, and this pandemic has affected the current setup of our
education system, forcing our teachers and students to consider utilizing technology to ensure
that learning continues in the midst of a pandemic.
During lockdowns, Many inadequacies and inequities have prevented our educational systems
from accessing computers for online learning lockdowns, causing problems for students who
struggle to access or can't afford it due to their disadvantaged backgrounds, but not just those
students who are in a difficult situation.
Working online, in accordance with these new standard education systems, requires teachers to
adapt to new pedagogical concepts and ways of delivery for which they have not been
educated. This implies that even our professors are struggling and faced a variety of issues
during their virtual classes, including a lack of appropriate materials and resources, technical
glitches, a lack of network connectivity, and frequent power outages, and teachers who were not
used to using technology would have to learn how to use videoconferencing, prepare
presentations, and be tech-savvy in addition to their regular teaching duties.
However, the transition from traditional to online teaching was difficult for educators as they
were pulled into this new mode of teaching with little preparation. Even so, the brave teachers
handled the situation with unmatched dedication and flexibility.
This research evaluates the global impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the teaching and
learning processes. During the COVID-19 disease outbreak, the challenges and potential of
online and continuing education are highlighted, and a path ahead is given.

Review of related literature

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, most countries have implemented lockdown and social
distancing measures, resulting in the shutdown of schools, training institutes, and higher
education facilities. A paradigm shift is occurring in the way educators deliver quality education
—via multiple online venues. Despite the problems that educators and learners face, online
learning, distance learning, and continuing education have emerged as a remedy for this
unprecedented worldwide pandemic. Transitioning from traditional face-to-face learning to
online learning can be a completely different experience for both learners and educators, they
must adapt to it with few or no other options. The school system and educators have accepted
"Education in Emergency" via various online platforms and are being forced to adopt a system
for which they are unprepared. During this epidemic, e-learning platforms played a vital role in
assisting schools and universities in facilitating student learning while universities and schools
were closed. Thus adjusting to the new changes, staff and student readiness must be assessed
and supported as needed. Online learning also provides physically challenged students with
more freedom to participate in virtual learning environments that need less movement.
Students, parents, and educators around the world have felt the unanticipated rippling impact of
the COVID-19 epidemic as schools have been closed to deal with the global pandemic. While
governments, frontline workers, and health officials fight tirelessly to contain the outbreak,
education systems strive to continue providing high-quality education to all students during
these tough times. Many students have experienced psychological and emotional hardship at
home and have been unable to interact successfully. The optimal methods for online
homeschooling are still being researched.

Some of the online platforms that have been used so far include unified communication and
collaboration platforms like Microsoft Teams, Google Classroom, zoom, and messenger, which
allow teachers to provide additional resources and coaching to the learners. They feature office
chat, video meetings, and file storage solutions to keep classes organized and simple to work
with. (Petrie, 2020).
Additionally, The flipped classroom is a basic approach for offering pre-class learning resources
such as articles, pre-recorded films, and YouTube links. The time spent in the online classroom
is then used to deepen comprehension through conversation with instructors and peers. This is
a particularly successful approach to promoting abilities such as problem-solving, critical
thinking, and self-directed learning.

Review of related studies

Although various studies have been conducted, the study on the impact of the COVID-19
pandemic on teaching and learning around the world concludes that, in the case of developing
countries, appropriate pedagogy and platforms for different class levels of higher secondary,
middle, and primary education need to be explored further.
Internet speed is limited, with fewer connection points, and data packages are expensive in
contrast to people's income in many developing nations, limiting accessibility and affordability.
To ameliorate the situation, policy involvement is essential.

A research field is further analysis and investigation of effective pedagogy for online teaching
and learning. Another area of research discovered is the need for building tools for authentic
assessments and quick feedback. The affordability and accessibility of educational tools for all
learners from all economic backgrounds has been noted as a concern, for which educational
tool developers might focus on personalization. Intervention at the policy level is also critical.
Therefore, The other area of study and development is to make online teaching more creative,
imaginative, and interactive by using user-friendly tools. This would help and prepare the
education system for such future uncertainty and that Teachers and students/learners need
both be trained on how to use various online educational resources. When normal courses
resume following the COVID-19 epidemic, teachers and students should be encouraged to
continue using online technologies to improve teaching and learning. (Ravichandran & Shah,
2020)
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