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    1st & 2nd CN Practical

    Uploaded by

    Vishal Gor
    This document discusses static routing and provides examples of configuring static routes. It contains: 1) An overview of static routing, including that it does not dynamically adapt to network changes and requires manual updates, but has lower bandwidth usage and router CPU overhead compared to dynamic routing. 2) Examples of configuring static routes on routers and PCs in a sample network using next hop IP addresses and outgoing interfaces. 3) The resulting routing tables on each router, showing the statically configured routes.

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    1st & 2nd CN Practical

    Uploaded by

    Vishal Gor
    58 views10 pages
    This document discusses static routing and provides examples of configuring static routes. It contains: 1) An overview of static routing, including that it does not dynamically adapt to network changes and requires manual updates, but has lower bandwidth usage and router CPU overhead compared to dynamic routing. 2) Examples of configuring static routes on routers and PCs in a sample network using next hop IP addresses and outgoing interfaces. 3) The resulting routing tables on each router, showing the statically configured routes.

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    This document discusses static routing and provides examples of configuring static routes. It contains: 1) An overview of static routing, including that it does not dynamically adapt to network changes and requires manual updates, but has lower bandwidth usage and router CPU overhead compared to dynamic routing. 2) Examples of configuring static routes on routers and PCs in a sample network using next hop IP addresses and outgoing interfaces. 3) The resulting routing tables on each router, showing the statically configured routes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    58 views10 pages

    1st & 2nd CN Practical

    Uploaded by

    Vishal Gor
    This document discusses static routing and provides examples of configuring static routes. It contains: 1) An overview of static routing, including that it does not dynamically adapt to network changes and requires manual updates, but has lower bandwidth usage and router CPU overhead compared to dynamic routing. 2) Examples of configuring static routes on routers and PCs in a sample network using next hop IP addresses and outgoing interfaces. 3) The resulting routing tables on each router, showing the statically configured routes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 10

    SYIT PRACTICAL COMPUTER NETWORK

    PRACTICAL NO 1A
    An address in a block is given as 180.8.17.9. Find the number of addresses in
    the block, the first address, and the last address

    Solution :
    The given address is a Class B address therefore n= 16

    1) No of addresses:
    N = 232-n
    = 232-16
    = 216
    = 65536
    Therefore the number of addresses are = 65536 addresses

    2) First address:
    For class B address netid = 16
    Therefore network mask is 255.255.0.0
    To find the first address we logically AND the given address with the
    network mask

    Given 180 8 17 9
    address
    Network 255 255 0 0
    mask
    AND 180 8 0 0
    operation

    Therefore the first address is 180.8.0.0

    3) Last address:
    To find the last address we logically OR the given address with the
    COMPLEMENT of the network mask
    Network mask = 255.255.0.0

    ISMAIL H P Page 1
    SYIT PRACTICAL COMPUTER NETWORK

    Network 255 255 0 0


    mask
    Complement 0 0 255 255
    of mask

    Given address 180 8 17 9


    Complement of 0 0 255 255
    mask
    OR operation 180 8 255 255

    Therefore the last address is 180.8.255.255

    ISMAIL H P Page 2
    SYIT PRACTICAL COMPUTER NETWORK

    PRACTICAL NO 1B
    An organization is granted the block 130.34.12.64/26. The organization needs
    four sub networks, each with an equal number of hosts. Design the sub
    networks and find the information about each network.

    Solution :
    The given address is address of type classless addressing
    with n= 26
    1) No of addresses:

    N = 232-n
    = 232-26
    = 26
    = 64
    Therefore the number of addresses are = 64 addresses

    2) First address:

    For the given case n = 26


    Therefore network mask is 255.255.255.192
    To find the first address we logically AND the given
    address with the network mask

    Given 130 34 12 64
    address
    Network 255 255 255 192
    mask
    AND 130 34 12 64
    operation
    Therefore the first address is 130.34.12.64

    3) Creating sub-networks:
    In this case we need to create 4 sub-networks with equal number of
    hosts
    Total number of hosts N = 64
    Therefore number of hosts in each sub-network NSUB = 16

    ISMAIL H P Page 3
    SYIT PRACTICAL COMPUTER NETWORK

    We calculate the sub-netid for each network as follows


    nSUB= n + log2(N/ NSUB)
    = 26 + log2(64/16)
    = 28

    Therefore the given sub-networks are

    Sub-network First address Last address

    1 130.34.12.64 130.34.12.79

    2 130.34.12.80 130.34.12.95

    3 130.34.12.96 130.34.12.111

    4 130.34.12.112 130.34.12.127

    ISMAIL H P Page 4
    SYIT PRACTICAL COMPUTER NETWORK

    PRACTICAL NO 2
    Static Routing
    Static Route
    1. Static routing method is most trusted by a router.
    2. Static routing is not really a routing protocol.
    3. Static routes do not dynamically adapt to network changes, are not
    particularly scalable, and require manual updating to reflect changes.

    Static routing has the following advantages


    1. There is no bandwidth usage between routers, which means you could
    possibly save money on WAN links.
    2. There is no overhead on the router CPU, which means you could possibly
    buy a cheaper router than you would use if you were using dynamic routing.
    3. It adds security because the administrator can choose to allow routing
    access to certain networks only.

    Static routing has the following disadvantages


    1. Static routes don’t dynamically adapt to network change.
    2. If a network is added to the internetwork, the administrator has to add a
    route to it on all routers—by hand.
    3. It’s not feasible in large networks because maintaining it would be a full-
    time job in itself.
    4. With static routing, as your network grows, it can be difficult just keep
    adding static routes makes sure everybody can still get everything.
    5. The administrator must really understand the internetwork and how each
    router is connected in order to configure routes correctly.

    There are two different styles to configure an “ip route” command:


    1. Using a next hop IP address
    2. Using an outgoing interface

    ISMAIL H P Page 5
    SYIT PRACTICAL COMPUTER NETWORK

    Consider the following network

    We configure it as follows

    Step 1: (configure PC 0)

    ISMAIL H P Page 6
    SYIT PRACTICAL COMPUTER NETWORK

    Step 2: (configure PC 1)

    Step 3: (configure Router 0)

    ISMAIL H P Page 7
    SYIT PRACTICAL COMPUTER NETWORK

    Step 4: (configure Router 1)

    ISMAIL H P Page 8
    SYIT PRACTICAL COMPUTER NETWORK

    The routing table is configured in the following way

    For router 0

    ISMAIL H P Page 9
    SYIT PRACTICAL COMPUTER NETWORK

    For router 1

    Now we can give the ping command as shown to check the connectivity

    So static routing has been studied

    ISMAIL H P Page 10

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