CHILDREN’S GRACE OF MARY TUTORIAL AND LEARNING CENTER, INC.

DUMADAG SUBDIVISION, NEW CARMEN, TACURONG CITY

CONTACT NUMBER: 0977-804-5567

MATHEMATICS
Module 3

CHILDREN’S GRACE OF MARY TUTORIAL AND LEARNING CENTER, INC.

 DUMADAG SUBDIVISION, NEW CARMEN, TACURONG CITY
CONTACT NUMBER: 0977-804-5567

MATHEMATICS

Name: _______________________________________________________ Score: __________

MODULE: 3

LESSON 1: Rational Expressions

Lesson Objectives

At the end of this lesson, the student will be able to:

a. illustrate rational algebraic expressions; and

b. find every value of the variables that makes a rational expression undefined.

What I know.

Find the value of each expression when x = 2 and y = 3.

1. 2x + 4y 2. 4y  x 3. x²y

What you need to know.

P
A rational expression in one variable is an expression that can be written in the form where P and Q are
Q
polynomials in one variable and Q ≠ 0.

Some rational expressions are:

x−3 4 4x x ²+2 x−35

, , , .
2 x +1 x−2 x ²−9 3 x+ 4

Examples:
x ²−5
1. Evaluate the expression when (a) x = 0 and (b) x = 1.
x−2

Solution:
x ²−5 0 ²−5
a. = ------------------- Replace x with 0.
x−2 0−2

0−5
=
0−2

−5
= or 2 ½
−2

x ²−5 1²−5
b. = -------------------- Replace x with 1.
x−2 1−2

1−5
=
1−2
 −4
= or 4
−1

2. Find every value of the variable that makes each expression undefined.

2a²
a.
a−3

solution:
a–3=0 Set the denominator to 0.
a=3 Add 3 on both sides.

2a²
The expression is undefined if a is replaced by 3 because the denominator would be 0.
a−3

7
b.
( x−2 ) ( x+ 1)

solution:
(x-2)(x+1) = 0 Equate the denominator to 0.

x–2=0 or x+1=0 Equate both factors to 0.

x=2 x = –1

What I have learned.

x ²−5
1. Evaluate the expression when (a) x = 2 and (b) x = –1.
x−1

2. Find every value of the variable that makes each expression undefined.

3 x² 2
a. b.
x+3 ( x+3 ) (x−3)

What I can bring home.

1. Evaluate each rational expression using the indicated values for the variables.

5x ²
a. when x = 4 and y = 10
6y

g+6
b. when g = –2 and h = 2
2h−5

2. Find every value of the variable that makes each rational expression undefined.

3x 5r
a. b.
x−3 r ²−4
LESSON 2: Simplifying Rational Expressions

Lesson Objective

At the end of this lesson, the student will be able to simplify rational expressions.

What I know.

Reduce each fraction to its lowest term.

Fraction Prime Factorization of the Prime Factorization a

Numerator (a) of the Denominator b Lowest Term
(b)
6 2∙ 3 2
1. 9 2∙ 3 3∙3 3∙ 3 3
28
2. 36
42
3. 48
35
4. 55

What you need to know.

Property of Equivalent Fractions

ac a
If a, b, and c are nonzero real numbers, then = .
bc b

Simplifying Rational Expressions

1. Factor the numerator and denominator.

2. Write a product of two rational expressions, one factor containing the GCF of the numerator and denominator, and the
other containing the GCF as 1.
3. Rewrite the factor containing the GCF as 1.
4. Multiply the remaining factors by 1.

Examples:
1. Simplify each rational expression.

40
a.
60
40 20 ∙2
solution: = Factor the numerator and the denominator.
60 20∙ 3

20 2
= ∙ Write a product, one factor containing the GCF of the numerator and
20 3
denominator, and the other containing the remaining factors.

2
=1 ∙ Removing a factor of 1 (Multiplicative Identity)
3
 2
=
3

45 a ² b 15∙ 3 ∙ a∙ a ∙ b
b. =
30 ab 15∙ 2 ∙a ∙ b

15∙ a ∙ b 3 ∙ a
= ∙
15∙ a ∙ b 2

3∙ a
=1∙
2

3a
=
2

a ²+2 a a(a+ 2)
c. = Factor the numerator and denominator.
2 a+4 2(a+ 2)

a(a+ 2)
= Cancel or divide out the common factor a + 2.
2(a+ 2)

a
=
2

What I have learned.

Simplify each.

x ²+ 8 x 3 x −2 10 a−2
1. 2. 3.
x +8 2−3 x 1−5 a

What I can bring home.

Answer each question using rational expression.

Example: If Ben drives 200km in x + 2 hrs, then what is his average speed?

200
Solution: Since R= D/T, Ben is averaging kph.
x+2

1. If x+ 2 kg of mangoes cost P175.00, then how much is the cost per kilo?

2. If Elena can clean the entire room in 3x hrs, then what portion of the room does she clean per hour?