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    Muhammad Ibrahim Ashraf Muslim Rule in India (2) : Shikan' or The Idol Smasher Somnath

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    Sadan Arain
    The document summarizes the history of Muslim rule in India from the Delhi Sultanate established in 1206 through the establishment of British rule in the late 18th century. It describes the various Muslim dynasties that ruled parts of India such as the Mughals and discusses key events like the Battle of Plassey in 1757 that marked the beginning of British control over India. It also mentions resistance to British rule through figures like Tipu Sultan and the Indian Rebellion of 1857.

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    Muhammad Ibrahim Ashraf Muslim Rule in India (2) : Shikan' or The Idol Smasher Somnath

    Uploaded by

    Sadan Arain
    18 views2 pages
    The document summarizes the history of Muslim rule in India from the Delhi Sultanate established in 1206 through the establishment of British rule in the late 18th century. It describes the various Muslim dynasties that ruled parts of India such as the Mughals and discusses key events like the Battle of Plassey in 1757 that marked the beginning of British control over India. It also mentions resistance to British rule through figures like Tipu Sultan and the Indian Rebellion of 1857.

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    The document summarizes the history of Muslim rule in India from the Delhi Sultanate established in 1206 through the establishment of British rule in the late 18th century. It describes the various Muslim dynasties that ruled parts of India such as the Mughals and discusses key events like the Battle of Plassey in 1757 that marked the beginning of British control over India. It also mentions resistance to British rule through figures like Tipu Sultan and the Indian Rebellion of 1857.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    18 views2 pages

    Muhammad Ibrahim Ashraf Muslim Rule in India (2) : Shikan' or The Idol Smasher Somnath

    Uploaded by

    Sadan Arain
    The document summarizes the history of Muslim rule in India from the Delhi Sultanate established in 1206 through the establishment of British rule in the late 18th century. It describes the various Muslim dynasties that ruled parts of India such as the Mughals and discusses key events like the Battle of Plassey in 1757 that marked the beginning of British control over India. It also mentions resistance to British rule through figures like Tipu Sultan and the Indian Rebellion of 1857.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 2

    Muhammad Ibrahim Ashraf

    Muslim Rule in India


    (2)
    o The Islamic Welfare State of Madinah
    o The Era of the Righteous Caliphs (Approx. 30 years)
    o The Umayyids
    o The Abbasids
    o The Ottomons
    ▪ Conquest of Sind (the Gateway of Islam) by Muhammad bin Qasim
    ▪ Ghaznavid dynasty: Abu Mansur Subuktigin ruled 977- 97. Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi. ‘But-
    Shikan’ or the Idol Smasher Somnath
    ▪ Muhammad Ghauri-the ruler of Ghaur (Afghanistan) conquered the Northern part of India thus
    brought all the area from Afghanistan to Bengal under his control.
    ▪ When Ghauri was assassinated in 1206 his armies chose his general Qutubuddin Aibak as the
    sultan. Aibak was the first Muslim ruler of all northern India and this was the beginning of the
    Delhi Sultanate.
    ▪ During this time, the Tartars or Mongol under the leadership of Genghis Khan started attacking
    the settled countries all around them in 1207.
    ▪ Their main enemy was the Muslims. They started marching towards the subcontinent in 1221 but
    were halted by Sultan Jalaluddin Iltutmish who was the son-in-law of Qutubuddin Aibak.
    ▪ After Iltutmish, his daughter, Razia Sultana succeeded him.
    ▪ In 1246, Nasir ud din, iltutmish’s grandson, was made the sultan. However, he was a nominal king
    and devoted himself to praying and helping the needy.
    ▪ It was his chief general Ghayasud Din Balban who handled the state affairs. After Nasir ud Din
    died in 1266, Balban rose to the throne from 1266-1296 as Nasir ud Din didn’t have any heir to
    the throne.
    ▪ Balban also had to fight off the Mongol invasion. He died in 1296; after him Alauddin Khilji rose
    to power and defeated the Mongols once and for all.
    ▪ Then came Muhammad bin Tughlaq who ruled successfully from 1325-51. He was succeeded by
    his son Firoz Shah Tughlaq who ruled for 37 years.

    Mongols to the Mughals

    ▪ In 1398 Tamerlane (Timur Lung), who was the descendant of Genghis Khan, invaded India and
    captured Delhi. One of his descendants, Zahiruddin Babar, defeated Ibrahim Lodhi in the Battle
    of Panipat in 1526 and established the Mughal Empire.
    ▪ His son, Naseeruddin Humayun, ruled after him from 1530-40; he was overthrown by Sher Shah
    Suri. Sher Shah Suri ruled for 5 years. His son, Islam Shah, ruled after him and his son, Adil Shah
    ruled the kingdom after him.
    ▪ In 1555 Adil Shah was defeated by Humayun; he was the Mughal emperor again for one year and
    died in 1556. Humayun’s son, Akbar, succeeded him from 1556-1605.
    ▪ His son, Prince Saleem known as Jehangir, ruled after him till 1627. Shah Jahan ruled after
    Jahangir and ruled from 1627-58.
    ▪ He was succeeded by his son Aurangzeb Alamgir (1658-1707). Under Aurangzeb the Mughal
    Empire reached its greatest extent.

    1
    Muhammad Ibrahim Ashraf
    Establishment of British Rule

    (3)

    South East Asia was famous for spices and luxury goods. The first Europeans to arrive in India; the
    Portuguese, the Dutch, the French, the British. Vasco de Gama discovered a sea route to India;
    Portuguese were challenged by the Dutch but could not withstand the rising power of the English.
    • 1600: British East India Company was formed.
    • 1608: Captain Hawkins reached Surat during the reign of Jahangir. English were refused to trade
    with India because of Portuguese influence.
    • 1615: British defeated the Portuguese and with the help of Sir Thomas Roe, they established
    permanent trading facilities.
    • French and English fought number of battles on Indian soil to acquire trade and political power.
    • 1761; the English had completely defeated the French.
    • 1757: The Battle of Plassey (between Nawab Siraj ud Daulah and the British). Bengal was the
    richest province of the Mughal Empire.
    After the Battle of Plassey in 1757, the East India Company plundered Bengal, imposing heavy
    taxes and forcing rich people to pay huge bribes. The officials no longer traded for the company,
    but just made fortunes for themselves. The East India Company’s profit fell very rapidly.
    East India Company sent Robert Clive to stop corruption. Several more British governors followed
    him but failed.
    In 1769 the company was almost bankrupt and desperate sent Warren Hastings a man who had
    spent many years working for them in India. He spoke Urdu, Persian and Bengali. Warren Hastings
    was the Founder of British India.
    The government in London realized that such a huge country as India could not be left under the
    control of a company.
    • Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan: Haider Ali, a Muslim army commander in the Hindu state of Mysore,
    in 1761 became the real ruler. He was a wise effective and just ruler and a fine general loved both
    by the Muslims and the Hindus. He died in 1782. Tipu sultan was like his father but an even more
    determined general. His aim in life was to free the sub continent of all foreign powers.
    • The culprits Mir Sadiq, his minister, Marathas and Nizam of Hyderabad joined the British. He
    fought bravely against them and was martyred with sword in his hand.
    • The Mysore wars took place in 1769, 1780, 1790-92 and 1798-99.
    • During the government of the then PM of England William Pitt, the beginning of British rule in the
    subcontinent and the basis of government in India was laid that remained until independence in
    1947.
    • 1857: The war of independence
    • 1858: The end of the Mughal Empire and Bahadur Shah’s exile and establishment of British
    Empire for 90 years.
    • The last governor of East India Company became the first viceroy of India. Viceroy means in place
    of the monarch. The monarch of the British Empire was Queen Victoria.

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