M.

Subhan

I. Numbers and Arithmatic Operations

Numbers (Bilangan)

 Natural Numbers (Bilangan Asli)

1,2,3,… one, two, three, and so forth (without end).
1,2,3,…, 10 one, two, three, and so forth up to ten.

Two kinds of activity made our ancestors develop numbers (cardinal and ordinal
numbers). The first for comparing their things (which one has more elements), and
the second for creating order.

A. Cardinal Numbers (Counting Numbers)

1 one /wʌn/
2 two /tu:/
3 three /θri:/
4 four /fɔː/
5 five /faɪv/
6 six /sɪks/
7 seven /'sevən/
8 eight /eɪt/
9 nine /naɪn/
10 ten /ten/
11 eleven /ɪ'levən/
12 twelve /twelv/
13 thirteen /θɜ:'ti:n/
14 fourteen /fɔː'ti:n/
15 fifteen /fɪf'ti:n/
16 sixteen /sɪkst'i:n/
17 seventeen /seven'ti:n/
18 eighteen /eɪ'ti:n/
19 nineteen /naɪn'ti:n/
20 twenty /'twentɪ/
21 twenty-one /twentɪ'wʌn/
22 twenty-two /twentɪ'tu:/
23 twenty-three /twentɪ'θri:/
24 twenty-four /twentɪ'fɔː/

English for Math I-1

 M.Subhan

25 twenty-five /twentɪ'faɪv/
26 twenty-six /twentɪ'sɪks/
27 twenty-seven /twentɪ'sevən/
28 twenty-eight /twentɪ'eɪt/
29 twenty-nine /twentɪ'naɪn/
30 thirty /'θɜ:tɪ/
40 forty /'fɔːtɪ/
50 fifty /'fɪftɪ/
60 sixty /'sɪkstɪ/
70 seventy /'sevəntɪ/
80 eighty /'eɪtɪ/
90 ninety /'naɪntɪ/
100 a hundred; one hundred /ə 'hʌndrəd/ /wʌn 'hʌndrəd/
101 a hundred and one /ə 'hʌndrəd ən wʌn/
102 a hundred and two /ə 'hʌndrəd ən tu:/
110 a hundred and ten /ə 'hʌndrəd ən ten/
120 a hundred and twenty /ə 'hʌndrəd ən 'twentɪ/
200 two hundred /tu: 'hʌndrəd/
300 three hundred /θri: 'hʌndrəd/
400 four hundred /fɔː 'hʌndrəd/
500 five hundred /faɪv 'hʌndrəd/
600 six hundred /sɪks 'hʌndrəd/
700 seven hundred /'sevən 'hʌndrəd/
800 eight hundred /eɪt 'hʌndrəd/
900 nine hundred /naɪn 'hʌndrəd/
1 000 a thousand, one thousand /ə θ'ɑʊzənd/ /wʌn 'θɑʊzənd/

1 001 a thousand and one /ə 'θɑʊ zənd ən wʌn/

1 010 a thousand and ten /ə 'θɑʊzənd ən ten/
1 020 a thousand and twenty /ə 'θɑʊ zənd ən 'twentɪ/
one thousand, one
1 100 /wʌn 'θɑʊzənd wʌn 'hʌndrəd/
hunded
1 101 one thousand, one /wʌn 'θɑʊzənd wʌn 'hʌndrəd ən

English for Math I-2

 M.Subhan

hundred and one wʌn/

1 110
one thousand, one /wʌn 'θɑʊzənd wʌn 'hʌndrəd ən
hundred and ten ten/

nine thousand, nine /naɪn 'θɑʊ zənd naɪn 'hʌndrəd

9 999
hundred and ninety-nine ən 'naɪntɪ 'naɪn/
10 000 ten thousand /ten 'θɑʊzənd/

fifteen thousand, three /'fɪfti:n 'θɑʊ zənd θri: 'hʌndrəd

15 356
hundred and fifty six ən 'fɪftɪ sɪks/
100 000 a hundred thousand /ə 'hʌndrəd 'θɑʊ zənd/
1 000 000 a million /ə 'mɪljən/
100 000 000 a hundred million /ə 'hʌndrəd 'mɪljən/
1 000 000 000 a billion /ə 'bɪljən/
100 000 000 000 a hundred billion /ə 'hʌndrəd 'bɪljən/
1 000 000 000 000 a trillion /ə 'trɪljən/
1 000 000 000 000 000 a quadrillion /ə kwɒdrɪljən/
1 000 000 000 000 000
a quintillian /ə kwɪn'tɪljən/
000
1 000 000 000 000 000
a sextillion /ə seks'tɪljən/
000 000
1 000 000 000 000 000
a septillion /ə sep'tɪljən/
000 000 000
1 000 000 000 000 000
an ocillion /ən ɒkt'tɪljən/
000 000 000 000
1 000 000 000 000 000
a nonillion /ə nɒn'ɪljən/
000 000 000 000 000
1 000 000 000 000 000
000 000 000 000 000 a decillion /ə de'sɪljən/
000

B. Ordinal Numbers/Place Numbers (Bilangan Tingkat)

1st first /fɜ:st/
2nd second /'sekənd/
3rd third /θɜ:d/
4th fourth /fɔ:θ/
5th fifth /fɪfθ/
6th sixth /sɪksθ/
7th seventh /'sevənθ/

English for Math I-3

 M.Subhan

8th eighth /eɪtθ/

9th ninth /naɪnθ/
10th tenth /tenθ/
11th eleventh /ɪ'levənθ/
12th twelfth /'twelfθ/
13th thirteenth /θɜ:'ti:nθ/
14th fourtheenth /fɔː'ti:nθ/
15th fifteenth /fɪf'ti:nθ/
16th sixteenth /sɪks'ti:nθ/
17th seventeenth /seven'ti:nθ/
18th eighteenth /eɪ'ti:nθ/
19th nineteenth /naɪn'ti:nθ/
20th twentieth /'twentɪəθ/
21st twenty-first /twentɪ'fɜ:st/
22nd twenty-second /twentɪ'sekənd/

23rd twenty-third /twentɪ'θɜ:d/

24th twenty-fourth /twentɪ'fɔ:θ/
25th twenty-fifth /twentɪ'fɪfθ/
26th twenty-sixth /twentɪ'sɪksθ/
27th twenty-seventh /twentɪ'sevənθ/

28th twenty-eighth /twentɪ'eɪtθ/

29th twenty-ninth /twentɪ'naɪnθ/
30th thirtieth /'θɜːtɪəθ/
31st thirty-first /θɜːtɪ'fɜ:st/
40th fortieth /'fɔ:tɪəθ/
50th fiftieth /'fɪftɪəθ/
100th hundredth /'hʌndrədθ/
1 000th thousandth /'θɑʊzəndθ/
1 000 000th miilionth /'mɪljənθ/

Natural numbers can be divided into two sets: Odd Numbers (Bilangan Ganjil)
and Even Numbers (Bilangan Genap).

English for Math I-4

 M.Subhan

 Whole Numbers (Bilangan Cacah)

Natural Numbers + 0 zero/o/nought.
 Integers (Bilangan Bulat)
..,--2,1,0,1,.. .., negative two, negative one, zero, one, ..
 Rational numbers (Bilangan Rasional) are numbers that can be expressed as
fraction.
 Irrational Numbers (Bilangan Irrasional) are numbers that cannot be
expressed as fraction, such as 2,  .

 Real Numbers (Bilangan Real) are made up of rational and irrational

numbers.
 Complex Numbers (Bilangan Kompleks)
Complex numbers are numbers that contain real and imaginary part.
2 + 3i 2 is called the real part, 3 is called the imaginary part, and i is
called imaginary unit of the complex number.
 A Digit is any one of the ten numerals 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9.
Example:
3 is a single-digit number, but 234 is a three-digit number.
In 234, 4 is the units digit, 3 is the tens digit, and 2 is hundreds digit.
 Consecutive numbers are counting numbers that differ by 1.
Examples:
83, 84, 85, 86, and 87 are 4 consecutive numbers.
84, 85, 86, … are successor of 83.
84 is the immediate successor of 83.
1, 2, …, and 82 are predecessor of 83.
82 is the immediate predecessor of 83.
36, 38, 40, and 42 are 4 consecutive even numbers.

Operation on Numbers
Addition (+) , Subtraction (-) , Multiplication () , Division(:)

Symbols in Numbers Operation

+ added by/plus/and
- subtracted by/minus/take away
 plus or minus
 multiplied by/times
: divided by/over

English for Math I-5

 M.Subhan

Symbols for Comparing Numbers

= is equal to/equals/is
 is not equal to/does not equal
< is less than/is smaller than
> is greater than/is more than
 is less than or equal to
 is more/greater than or equal to
 is approximately equal to

The mathematical sentences that use symbols “=” are called equation, and the
mathematical sentences that use symbols “<”, “>”, “’”, or “” are called inequalities.
Examples
ax + b = 0 is a linear equation.
ax2 + bx + c = 0 is a quadratic equation.
3x3 - 2x2 + 3 = 0 is a cubic equation.
ab
 ab is called AM-GM inequality.
2

Examples
 2+3=5
two plus three equals five
two and three is five
two is added by three is equal to five.
2 and 3 are called addends or summands, and 5 is called sum.
 10 – 4 = 6
ten minus four is six
ten take away four equals six
ten is subtracted by four is equal to six
10 is the minuend, 4 is the subtrahend, and 6 is the difference
 7  8 = 56
seven is multiplied by eight equals fifty-six
seven times eight is fifty-six
7 is the multiplicator, 8 is the multiplicand, and 56 is the product.
 45 : 5 = 9
forty-five is divided by five equals nine

English for Math I-6

 M.Subhan

forty-five over five is nine

45 is the dividend, 5 is the divisor, and 9 is the quotient.
Practice
1. Read out the following operations, and for every operations name each
number’s function.
a. 1,209 + 118 = 1,327
b. 135 + (-132) = 3
c. 2 – (-25) = 27
d. 52 – 65 = -13
e. 9 x 26 = 234
f. -111 x 99 = -10,989
g. 36 : 9 = 4
h. 1375 : (-25) = -55

2. Fill the blank spaces with the right words.

a. The ____________ of three and seven is twenty-one.
b. The operation that uses symbol “:” is called ___________.
c. 14 is the ________________________of 13, and the predecessor of 13 are
_________________.
d. The result of division is called ______________.
e. Three multiplied ___________ five equals _____________.
f. In 123,456,789, the hundred thousands digit is ____, and 9 is the
______________.
g. We select a _________________ number htu, as 100h + 10t + u, where h
represents the ___________ digit, t represents the ______ digit, and u
represents the units digit.
h. When we __________ two numbers, for example seven plus thirteen, the
answer (twenty) is called _______________.

Fractions (Pecahan)
A common (or simple) fraction is a fraction of the form a/b where a is an integer
and b is a counting number
Example: p/q
p is called the numerator of the fraction
q is called the denominator of the fraction
If the numerator < the denominator, then (p/q) is a proper fraction
If the numerator > the denominator, then (p/q) is an improper fraction
3 ¼ is a mixed numbers because it contains number part and fractional part
The fraction a/b is simplified ("in lowest terms") if a and b have no common factor
other than 1

English for Math I-7

 M.Subhan

Saying Fraction
½ A/one half
1/3 A/one third
¼ A/one quarter

5/6 Five sixths/Five over six

(22+x)/7 Twenty-two plus x all over seven

13 ¾ Thirteen and three quarters
0.3 Nought/zero/o point three
3.056 Three point o five six

273.856 Two hundred and seventy-three point eight five six

Practice
1. Read out the following fractions
a. 2/5
b. 3/4
c. 5/8 x 1/4 = 5/32
d. 2 1/2 : 9/10 = 3 2/5
e. 1/9 – 1/8  1/24
f. 13,945.614
g. 43.554
h. 6.9 x 2.2 = 15.18
i. 72.4 x 61.5 = 4452.6
2. Fill the blank spaces with the right words.
a. In the fraction seven ninths, __________ is the numerator, and
_____________ is the ______________.
b. The ______________ of two thirds and a half is four over three.
c. An integer plus a fraction makes a __________________.

Divisibility (Keterbagian)
4|12
12 is divisible by 4.
12 is a multiple of 4.
4 divides 12.
4 is a factor of 12
15 is not divisible by 4.
If 15 divided by 4 then the quotient is 3 and the remainder is 3.
0 is divisible by all integers

Prime numbers (Bilangan Prima)

Every numbers is divisible by 1 and itself.
These factors (1 and itself) is called improper divisors.(pembagi taksejati)

English for Math I-8

 M.Subhan

Prime numbers are numbers that have only improper divisors.

Example:
5 is a prime number, but 9 is not a prime number or a composite
number.(bilangan komposit)

Common Divisors (Faktor Persekutuan/Pembagi Sekutu)

Example:
1,2,3,4,6, and 12 are divisors (factors) of 12.
1,3,5, and 15 are divisors of 15.
1 and 3 are common divisors of 12 and 15.
3 is the greatest common divisor (faktor persekutuan terbesar) of 12 and 15.
The g.c.d of 12 and 15 is 3.
gcd(12,15) = 3.

Common Multiples (Kelipatan Persekutuan)

Example:
5,10,15,20,25, …are multiples of 5.
4,8,12,16,20,24,… are multiples of 4.
20,40,60, … are common multiples of 4 and 5.
20 is the least common multiple (kelipatan persekutuan terkecil) of 4 and 5.
The l.c.m of 4 and 5 is 20.
lcm(4,5) = 20.

Practice
1. Read the following conversation
A : I have two numbers, 36 and 42. Can you say their factors?
B : The factors of 36 are 1,2,3,4,6,9,12,24, and 36. 1,2,3,6,7,14,21, and 42 are
factors of 42.
A : So, what are their common factors?
B : They are 1,2,3, and 6.
A : And what is the greatest common divisor of 36 and 42?
B : It’s 6.

2. Make a small conversation about gcd or lcm of other numbers.

English for Math I-9

 M.Subhan

Exercise
Write down the spelling of these mathematical sentences
 12 + 1/3  x – 7
 3x  26 > 20 : y
 x (2y + 3)  111.909
 (2 + x)/35 < 23/45

Exercise
Use the right words to complete these sentences.
 2367 is _______ by nine.
 3 is _________ of 34.
 The _________ of three and four is twelve.
 Eighteen subtracted __ twenty equals _____.
 3 is the __________ and 5 is the ________ of three fifths.

Exercise
 Write down five first multiples of 8.
 Write down all divisors of 18.
 Find all common divisors of eighteen and thirty-three.
 Write down the simplest form of 91/234
 Find the sum of the reciprocals of two numbers, given that these numbers have a
sum of 50 and a product of 25.
 What is the product of the greatest common divisor of 9633 and 4693 and the
least common multiple of the same numbers?
 Let x be the smallest of three positive integers whose products is 720. Find the
largest possible value of x.
 If P represents the product of all prime numbers less than 1000, what is the
value of the units digit of P?
 Find a positive integer that is eleven times the sum of its digits?
 What is the greatest common divisor of 120 and 49?
 The product of 803 and 907 is divided by the sum of 63 and 37. What is the
remainder?
 The average of four consecutive even integers is 17. Find the largest of the four
integers.
 When the six-digit number 3456N7 is divided by 8, the remainder is 5. List both
possible values of the digit N.

English for Math I-10

 M.Subhan

Glossary
NO WORD PRONUNCIATION
1. Number /’nΛmbә(r)/
2. Arithmatic /ә’riӨmatik/
3. Operation /,opә’ræisyen/
4. Mathematics /,mæӨә’mætiks/
5. Natural number /’næt∫ral ’nΛmbә(r)/
6. Caunting number /‘kaunting ’nΛmbә(r)/
7. Integer /’intәjәr/
8. Rational number /’ræ∫n әl ’nΛmbә(r)/
9. Irrational number /i’ræ∫nәl ’nΛmbә(r)/
10. Real number /riәl ’nΛmbә(r)/
11. Complex number /’kompleks ’nΛmbә(r)/
12. Ordinal number /’әrdinәl ’nΛmbә(r)/
13. Odd number /Ad ’nΛmbә(r)/
14. Even number /’i:vn ’nΛmbә(r)/
15. Operation on number /,opә’rei∫n ’nΛmbә(r)/
16. Addition /ә’di∫n/
17. Subtraction /sab’træksyәn/
18. Multiplication /’maltәplә’keisyen/
19. Division /di’vi3n/
20. Symbol /’smbәl/
21. Added by /ædid bai/
22. Plus /plΛs/
23. And /әnd;әn;ænd/
24. Subtracted by /sәb’træktid bai/
25. Minus /’mainәs/
26. Take away /teik ә’wei/
27. Plus or minus ± /plΛs o:(r) ‘mainәs/
28. Multiplied by /’mΛltiplaid bai/
29. Time /taim/
30. Divided by /di’vaiddid bai/
31. Over /’әuvә(r)/
32. Zero /’ziәrәu/
33. O /әu/
34. Nought /nә:t/

English for Math I-11

 M.Subhan

35. Negative /’negativ/

36. First /fәrst/
37. Second /’sekәnd/
38. Third /thәrd/
39. Fourth /fowrth/
40. Comparing number /kәm’peә(r)ing ’nΛmbә(r)/
41. Is equal to /iz “i:kwәl tu:/
42. Equal /“i:kwәl/
43. Is /iz/
44. Is not equal to /iz not “i:kwәl tu:/
45. Does not equal /’dΛznt “i:kwәl/
46. Is less than /iz les thәn/
47. Is smaller than /iz smõlәr thәn/
48. Is greater than /iz greitәr thәn/
49. Is more than /iz mә:(r) thәn/
50. Is less than or equal to /iz les thәn o:(r) “i:kwәl tu:/
51. Is more /iz mә:(r)/
52. Greater than or equal to /greitәr thәn o:(r) “i:kwәl tu:/
53. Is approximately equal to /iz ә’proksimatli “i:kwәl tu:/
54. Sum /sΛm/
55. Difference /’difrәns/
56. Multiplicator /’mΛltәplә’kәtwr/
57. Multiplicand /’mΛltәplә’kәnd/
58. Product /’prodәkt/
59. Quotient /’kwәu∫nt/
60. Fraction /fræk∫n/
61. Numerator /nyu:mәreitә(r)/
62. Denominator /di’nomi’neitә(r)/
63. Proper fraction /propә(r) ‘fræk∫n/
64. Improper fraction /im’propә(r) ‘fræk∫n/
65. Mixed number /miksed ’nΛmbә(r)/
66. Number part /’nΛmbә(r) pa:t/
67. Fractional part /‘fræk∫nәl pa:t/
68. A / one half /ә/wΛn ha:f/
69. A / one third /ә/wΛn thәird/
70. Divisible /di’vizәbl/

English for Math I-12

 M.Subhan

71. Multiple /mΛltipl/

72. Divide /di’vaide/
73. Factor /’fæktә(r)/
74. Is not divisible /iz not di’vizәbl/
75. The remainder /thә ri’memdә(r)/
76. Prime number /praim ’nΛmbә(r)/
77. Improper divisor /im’propә(r) dә’vaizә(r)/
78. Composite number /kompәzit ’nΛmbә(r)/
79. Greatest common divisor / greitәst ‘komәn dә’vaizә(r)/
80. Common multiple /‘komәn ‘mΛltipl/
81. Least common multiple /li:st ‘komәn ‘mΛltipl/
82. Common divisor /‘komәn dә’vaizә(r)/
83. Predecessor /’predә-ses-ә(r)/
84. Successor /sәk-‘ses-ә(r)/

English for Math I-13