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Lesson 2.2 Scientific Notation

This document discusses scientific notation, including how to write numbers in scientific notation, perform calculations using scientific notation such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, and raising numbers in scientific notation to a power. Scientific notation is a way to write very large or small numbers in a standardized, easy-to-use format.

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331 views38 pages

Lesson 2.2 Scientific Notation

This document discusses scientific notation, including how to write numbers in scientific notation, perform calculations using scientific notation such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, and raising numbers in scientific notation to a power. Scientific notation is a way to write very large or small numbers in a standardized, easy-to-use format.

Uploaded by

arya stark
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Scientific Notation

Learn to express large and small


numbers in scientific notation.
PREPARED BY: MS ERLIE ROSE R. VERGARA
Review:
Scientific notation expresses a
number in the form:
a x 10 b
b is the
Any number exponent
between 1
and 10
For LARGE numbers, the exponent is positive.
For SMALL numbers, the exponent is negative.
An ordinary penny contains about
20,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
atoms. The average size of an atom is
about 0.00000003 centimeters across.

The length of these numbers in


standard notation makes them
awkward to work with.

Scientific notation is a shorthand way of


writing such numbers.
In scientific notation the number of
atoms in a penny is 2.0  1022, and
the size of each atom is 3.0  10–8
centimeters across.
Helpful Hint
The sign of the exponent tells which
direction to move the decimal. A positive
exponent means move the decimal to the
right, and a negative exponent means
move the decimal to the left.
Write the number in standard
notation.

A. 1.35  105
1.35  10 5 10 5 = 100,000
1.35  100,000
135,000 Think: Move the
decimal right 5 places.
Write the number in standard
notation.

B. 2.7  10 –3

Think: Move the decimal


0.0027 left 3 places.
Write the number in standard notation.
C. –2.01  104

–20,100 Think: Move the decimal


right 4 places.
Write the number in standard notation.
C. –2.01  104

–20,100 Think: Move the decimal


right 4 places.
Write the number in
standard notation.

D. 2.87  109

2,870,000,000 Think: Move the


decimal right 9 places.
Write the number in
standard notation.

E. 1.9  10–5

0.000019 Think: Move the decimal


left 5 places.
Translating Standard Notation
to Scientific Notation

Write 0.00709 in scientific notation.


0.00709 Move the decimal to get a
7.09 number between 1 and 10.
7.09  10 Set up scientific notation.

Think: The decimal needs to move 3 places.

7.09  10–3 = 0.00709


Write 0.000811 in scientific notation.

0.000811 Move the decimal to get a


8.11 number between 1 and 10.
8.11  10 Set up scientific notation.

Think: The decimal needs to move 4 places.


So 0.000811 written in scientific notation is 8.11  10–4.
Check 8.11  10–4 = 0.000811
Lesson Quiz
Write in standard notation.
1. 1.72  104 17,200

2. 6.9  10–3 0.0069

Write in scientific notation.


3. 0.0053 5.3  10–3

4. 57,000,000 5.7  107


5. A human body contains about 5.6 x 106
micro-liters of blood. Write this number in
standard notation. 5,600,000
PERFORMING
CALCULATIONS
IN SCIENTIFIC
NOTATION
ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION
4 x 106 IF the exponents are
3 x 10 the same, we simply
+ _______________
6
add or subtract the
7x 106 numbers in front and
bring the exponent
down unchanged.
4 x 106 If the exponents are
+ 3 x 105 NOT the same, we
must move a decimal
to make them the
same.
Determine which of the numbers has the smaller exponent.

1. Change this number by moving the decimal place to the


left and raising the exponent, until the exponents of both
numbers agree. Note that this will take the lesser number
out of standard form.

2. Add or subtract the coefficients as needed to get the new


coefficient.

3. The exponent will be the exponent that both numbers


share.

4. Put the number in standard form.


4.00 x 4.00 x 10 6 10 6

+ 3.00 x 10 + .30 x 10
5 6

Move the decimal on the smaller


number to the left and raise the
exponent !
Note: This will take the lesser number out of standard form.
Make sure your final answer is
in scientific notation. If it is
not, convert it to scientific
notation.!
A Problem for you…
2.37 x 10 -6

+ 3.48 x 10-4
Solution…
002.37
2.37 x 10 -6

+ 3.48 x 10 -4
Solution…
0.0237 x 10 -4

+ 3.48 x 10 -4

3.5037 x 10 -4
PERFORMING
CALCULATIONS
IN SCIENTIFIC
NOTATION
MULTIPLYING AND DIVIDING
Rule for Multiplication
When multiplying with scientific notation:

1. Multiply the coefficients together.


2. Add the exponents.
3. The base will remain 10.
(2 x 103) • (3 x 105) =

6 x 108
(4.6x108) (5.8x106) =26.68x1014

Notice: What is wrong with this example?

Although the answer is correct, the


number is not in scientific notation.

To finish the problem, move the decimal one


space left and increase the exponent by
one.

26.68x1014 = 2.668x1015
((9.2 x 105) x (2.3 x 107) =

21.16 x 1012 =
2.116 x 1013
(3.2 x 10-5) x (1.5 x 10-3) =

4.8 • 10-8
Rule for Division
When dividing with scientific notation
1. Divide the coefficients
2. Subtract the exponents.
3. The base will remain 10.
(8 • 106) ÷ (2 • 103) =

4 x 103
Please multiply the following numbers.

(5.76 x 102) x (4.55 x 10-4) =

(3 x 105) x (7 x 104) =

(5.63 x 108) x (2 x 100) =

(4.55 x 10-14) x (3.77 x 1011) =

(8.2 x10-6) x (9.4 x 10-3) =


Please multiply the following numbers.

(5.76 x 102) x (4.55 x 10-4) = 2.62 x 10-1

(3 x 105) x (7 x 104) = 2.1 x 1010

(5.63 x 108) x (2 x 100) = 1.13 x 109

(4.55 x 10-14) x (3.77 x 1011) = 1.72 x 10-2

(8.2 x10-6) x (9.4 x 10-3) = 7.71 x 10-8


Please divide the following numbers.

1. (5.76 x 102) / (4.55 x 10-4) =


2. (3 x 105) / (7 x 104) =
3. (5.63 x 108) / (2) =
4. (8.2 x 10-6) / (9.4 x 10-3) =
5. (4.55 x 10-14) / (3.77 x 1011) =
Please divide the following numbers.

1. (5.76 x 102) / (4.55 x 10-4) = 1.27 x 106


2. (3 x 105) / (7 x 104) = 4.3 x 100 = 4.3
3. (5.63 x 108) / (2 x 100) = 2.82 x 108
4. (8.2 x 10-6) / (9.4 x 10-3) = 8.7 x 10-4
5. (4.55 x 10-14) / (3.77 x 1011) = 1.2 x 10-25
PERFORMING
CALCULATIONS
IN SCIENTIFIC
NOTATION
Raising Numbers in Scientific
Notation To A Power
(5 X 104)2 =

(5 X 104) X (5 X 104) =
(5 X 5) X (104 X 104) =
(25) X 108 = 2.5 X 109
Try These:
1. (3.45 X 1010)2 1.19 X 1021

2. (4 X 10-5)2 1.6 X 10-9

3. (9.81 X 1021)2 9.624 X 1043

1. (3.45 X 1010)2 = (3.45 X 3.45) X (1010 X 1010) = (11.9) X


(1020) = 1.19 X 1021
2. (4 X 10-5)2 = (4 X 4) X (10-5 X 10-5) = (16) X (10-10) = 1.6 X
10-9
3. (9.81 X 1021)2 = (9.81 X 9.81) X (1021 X 1021) = (96.24) X
(1042) =
9.624 X 1043
Try These:
1. (3.45 X 1010)2 1.19 X 1021

2. (4 X 10-5)2 1.6 X 10-9

3. (9.81 X 1021)2 9.624 X 1043

1. (3.45 X 1010)2 = (3.45 X 3.45) X (1010 X 1010) = (11.9) X


(1020) = 1.19 X 1021
2. (4 X 10-5)2 = (4 X 4) X (10-5 X 10-5) = (16) X (10-10) = 1.6 X
10-9
3. (9.81 X 1021)2 = (9.81 X 9.81) X (1021 X 1021) = (96.24) X
(1042) =
9.624 X 1043

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