24) Explain about strings with program?

In C programming, array of characters is called a string. A string is terminated by a null

character /0.
Eg:
"c string tutorial"
Here, "c string tutorial" is a string. When, compiler encounters strings, it append a null
character /0 at the end of string.

Declaration of strings:-
Before we actually work with strings, we need to declare them first.
Strings are declared in a similar manner as arrays. Only difference is that, strings are of chartype.
char s[5];

Initialization of strings:-
In C, string can be initialized in a number of different ways.
For convenience and ease, both initialization and declaration are done in the same step.
char c[] = "abcd";
OR,
char c[50] = "abcd";
OR,
char c[] = {'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', '\0'};
OR,
char c[5] = {'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', '\0'};

Reading Strings from user:-

You can use the scanf() function to read a string like any other data types.
However, the scanf() function only takes the first entered word. The function terminates when it
encounters a white space (or just space).
Eg:
char c[20];
scanf("%s", c);
//Write program to Using scanf() to read a string
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char name[20];
printf("Enter name: ");
scanf("%s", name);
printf("Your name is %s.", name);
1
G VISWANATH, M.TECH, (Ph.D), ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, VEMU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
 return 0;
}
Output
Enter name: Dennis Ritchie
Your name is Dennis.
Here, program ignores Ritchie because, scanf() function takes only a single string before the
white space, i.e. Dennis.
//Write a program to compare the two strings
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
char string1[20],string2[20];
int n;
clrscr();
printf("Enter string1,string2");
scanf("%s%s",string1,string2);
n=strcmp(string1,string2);
printf("Comparision of String=%d",n);
}
//Write a program to combined the two strings
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
char string1[20],string2[20];
clrscr();
printf("Enter string1,string2");
scanf("%s%s",string1,string2);
strcat(string1,string2);
printf("Concatrate String=%s",string1);
}
//Write a program to copy the one string to another string
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
char string1[20],string2[20];
clrscr();
printf("Enter string1");
scanf("%s",string1);
strcpy(string2,string1);
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G VISWANATH, M.TECH, (Ph.D), ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, VEMU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
printf("String1=%s\tstring2=%s",string1,string2);
}
//Write a program find the length of given string
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
char string[20];
int n;
clrscr();
printf("Enter string");
scanf("%s",string);
n=strlen(string);
printf("String Length=%d",n);
}
//Write a program to reverse the given string
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
char string[20];
clrscr();
printf("Enter string");
scanf("%s",string);
strrev(string);
printf("String Reverse=%s",string);
}
//Find the given strings are equal or not
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
char string1[20],string2[20];
int n;
clrscr();
printf("Enter string1,string2");
scanf("%s%s",string1,string2);
n=strcmp(string1,string2);
if(n==0)
printf("The strings are equal");
else
printf("The strings are not equal");
}
3
G VISWANATH, M.TECH, (Ph.D), ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, VEMU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
//Write a program to set the any symbol into given string
#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(void)
{
char string[10] = "123456789";
char symbol = 'm';
clrscr();
printf("Before strset(): %s\n", string);
strset(string, symbol);
printf("After strset(): %s\n", string);
}
//Example of putc,getc
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
char str[12],name[12];
clrscr();
puts("enter str,name");
gets(str); //reads only one variable
gets(name);
puts(str);
puts(name);
}
25) How to pass arrays to a function in C Programming?
In C programming, a single array element or an entire array can be passed to a function.
This can be done for both one-dimensional array or a multi-dimensional array.
Passing One-dimensional Array In Function
Single element of an array can be passed in similar manner as passing variable to a function.
// Write C program to pass a single element of an array to function
#include <stdio.h>
void display(int age)
{
printf("%d", age);
}
int main()
{
int ageArray[] = { 2, 3, 4 };
display(ageArray[2]); //Passing array element ageArray[2] only.
return 0;
4
G VISWANATH, M.TECH, (Ph.D), ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, VEMU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
}
Output
4
Passing an entire one-dimensional array to a function:-
While passing arrays as arguments to the function, only the name of the array is passed (,i.e,
starting address of memory area is passed as argument).
/*Write a C program to pass an array containing age of person to a function. This function should
find average age and display the average age in main function.*/
#include <stdio.h>
float average(float age[]);
int main()
{
float avg, age[] = { 23.4, 55, 22.6, 3, 40.5, 18 };
avg = average(age); /* Only name of array is passed as argument. */
printf("Average age=%.2f", avg);
return 0;
}
float average(float age[])
{
int i;
float avg, sum = 0.0;
for (i = 0; i < 6; ++i) {
sum += age[i];
}
avg = (sum / 6);
return avg;
}
Output
Average age=27.08

5
G VISWANATH, M.TECH, (Ph.D), ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, VEMU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY