Retail Shopping

Listening

Retail Shopping
Exercise 1
COMPLETE THE QUESTIONS

Listen to the recording. Complete the questions.

Place a star beside the questions a retail worker

Ex. Is this shirt on sale ?

1. How will you be today?

2. Is there on children’s wear?

3. Do you need a gift ?

4. Is this part of the buy one, sale?

5. What’s your policy?

6. May I try these in a 7 1/2?

7. Is there a on electronics?

8. Do you have a club discount ?

9. ?

10. for?

( V E R S I O N 1. 0) 1
 Phonics & Pronunciation

/v/ Adjective Clauses

Adverb Clauses of Time

Passive Causative
1 Pronouncing /v/
Embedded Questions

Present Perfect Progressive

Can you make the voiced /v/ sound?
Past Perfect Progressive
Follow the steps below and look at the picture.
Future Perfect Progressive
1 Place your front teeth on your bottom lip.
Third Conditional
2 Push some air out.
Directed and Reported Speeches
3 Make a sound in your throat.

/v/

Copyright 2018, Red River Press Inc. For use by ESL Library members only. (VERSION 1.0) 1
 Phonics & Pronunciation

/v/
1 Pronouncing /v/
Can you make the voiced /v/ sound?
Follow the steps below and look at the picture.

1 Place your front teeth on your bottom lip.

2 Push some air out.
3 Make a sound in your throat.

/v/

Copyright 2018, Red River Press Inc. For use by ESL Library members only. (VERSION 1.0) 1
 Grammar Practice Worksheets

Adjective Clauses
Table of Contents
2 Grammar Notes
Adjectives Clauses

8 Exercise 1
Adjective Clauses in Context

9 Exercise 2
Formality

10 Exercise 3
Punctuation

11 Exercise 4
Sentence Completion

12 Exercise 5
About Me

13 Exercise 6
Listening

14 Exercise 7
Error Correction

15 Exercise 8
Find Someone Who/Whose

16 Exercise 9
Writing

17 Exercise 10
Review

19 Exercise 11
Quiz

21 Grammar Assessment

22 Self-Assessment

( H I G H I N T / V E R S I O N 1. 4) 1
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Grammar Notes
ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

A. Introduction to Adjective Clauses

An adjective clause (also called a relative clause) is a type of dependent

clause that describes a noun. Adjective clauses usually begin with a
relative pronoun and can modify a subject or object noun from the main
sentence. Adjective clauses can also modify an entire sentence or indicate
possession or an amount.

B. Relative Pronouns

Look at the following chart and note the adjective clauses in bold.
Which nouns are these clauses modifying? Are they modifying subject

# Example

The conference attendees who I met yesterday were

1 person who, whom, that, 0/
back at the booth today.

Hurricane Katrina, ,
2 thing which, that, 0/
caused an untold amount of destruction.

3 place where, which, that, 0/ This is the city .

I will never forget the day when my team won the

4 time when, which, that, 0/
.

The man refuses to listen

5 possession whose
to my complaints.

quantity word + of She has read three magazines, one of which she
6 amount
+ whom/which .

Nico studied all night,

7 entire sentence which
the next day.

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Grammar Notes cont.

C. Formality Scales

The choice of relative pronoun depends on two things: 1) whether it’s

the subject or object of the adjective clause, and 2) the formality of the
spoken or written sentence. When you speak or write in English, decide
how formal the situation is and then choose an appropriate pronoun. For
example, in an academic essay, use the most formal pronoun, but when
speaking to or texting with a friend, use the least formal one.

1. People

Formality Example

The man was my teacher in

formal who
elementary school.

The man was my teacher in

informal that
elementary school.

Formality Example

formal whom The woman whom I met yesterday was kind.

who The woman who I met yesterday was kind.

that The woman that I met yesterday was kind.

informal 0/ The woman I met yesterday was kind.

Note #1
Adjective clauses that begin with whom are very formal and not used very
often. They are occasionally used for formal writing or speaking (academic,
legal, etc.).

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Grammar Notes cont.

C. Formality Scales cont.

2. Things

Formality Example

The Titanic, which is my favorite movie, stars

formal which
Leonardo DiCaprio and Kate Winslet.

The only horror movie

informal that
was great, but I can’t remember the title.

Formality Example

The Da Vinci Code, which I read last month, was

formal which
a good book.

that The book that I read last month was good.

informal 0/ The book I read last month was good.

( H I G H I N T / V E R S I O N 1. 4) 4
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Grammar Notes cont.

C. Formality Scales cont.

3. Places

Formality Example

formal which France, , is located in Europe.

informal that A country is France.

Formality Example

any situation where The city where I live is very crowded.

formal in/at which The city in which I live is very crowded.

Hong Kong, which I’d like to visit someday,

which
is very crowded.

that The city that I live in is very crowded.

informal 0/ The city I live in is very crowded.

( H I G H I N T / V E R S I O N 1. 4) 5
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Grammar Notes cont.

C. Formality Scales cont.

4. Time

Formality Example

April 14, which is my favorite day of the whole year,

formal which
is my birthday.

The day that is my favorite of the whole year

informal that

Formality Example

any situation when Midnight is the time .

formal in/at which Midnight is the hour .

Midnight, , is my
which
usual bedtime.

that Midnight is the time .

informal 0/ Midnight is the time .

Note #2
Adjective clauses for places and time that begin with preposition + which are
very formal and not used very often. They are occasionally used for formal
writing or speaking (academic, legal, etc.).

( H I G H I N T / V E R S I O N 1. 4) 6
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Grammar Notes cont.

D. Punctuation with Restrictive & Non-Restrictive Clauses

1. Restrictive Clauses 2. Non-Restrictive Clauses

Restrictive adjective clauses, also called Non-restrictive adjective clauses, also called non-
adjective clauses, provide information that is necessary , add extra information to
a noun. The information in this type of clause is not
which noun someone was talking about without this
clause to explain it. The subject or object nouns
are capitalized. These types of clauses
preceded by the article “the.” These types of clauses .
.
• Julia recommended , which she
• The movie was .

• My brother, , likes cats

• I recommend talking to the person who is in more than dogs.
.
• Rome, , has a lot of
• The town is full of famous sightseeing spots.

Note #3
When modifying a subject or object noun that is a in American and
Canadian English, “which” is preferred in restrictive clauses and “that” is
preferred in non-restrictive clauses, regardless of formality. Look back to
the “things” charts on page 4. Which clauses are restrictive and which are
non-restrictive? How can you tell?

Note #4
The verb in the adjective clause must with the noun it

• Anyone who is

• My classmates, who are

( H I G H I N T / V E R S I O N 1. 4) 7
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Exercise 1

Read the story and underline or highlight all the adjective clauses.

My favorite sport is played during the summer. It is a sport that requires

nine players on each team. The people who play this sport must be fast,

brave, and intelligent. Players who are fast and brave will be able to react

quickly to a ball that often travels at 90 miles (about 145 kilometers) an

hour or more. Players who are intelligent will be able to decide what to do

before the ball comes to them, and will react quickly and correctly even

when they cannot watch the other players.

My favorite sport is interesting to watch. People who watch the game

have a chance to discuss the strategy of the teams and the quality of the

players. Spectators who understand the game well know that they have to

and the place where the runner is.

What’s my favorite sport?

( H I G H I N T / V E R S I O N 1. 4) 8
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Exercise 2

A. Read & Label

Label the sentences in each group from 1 (most formal) to 4–5 (least formal).

Set 1

1 The man about whom I was informing you is sitting in the corner.
The woman I was talking about is wearing the red dress.
The guy that I was telling you about is dating my friend.
The girl who I told you about works with me.
The person whom I spoke about is my boss.

Set 2

The book about which I spoke of came out last year.

The novel that I was talking about was published in Korea in 2007.
The Catcher in the Rye, which was set in the 1950s, was written by J. D. Salinger.
The story I told you about was written in Chinese.

Set 3

The home in which I was brought up was on the same street as my school.

The house I grew up in had a large kitchen.

The house that I was raised in had a large kitchen.
That big house, which was my childhood home, is made of bricks.

B. Discuss

Now get into groups and discuss the following questions:

•
• Which sentence from each group is the most common in casual speech?
• Which type of adjective clause would you normally use in writing?
How about in speaking? Why?
• Is the word “whom” common?

( H I G H I N T / V E R S I O N 1. 4) 9
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Exercise 3

Note that some sentences will not require any punctuation.

Ex. Enzo is a vegetarian[,] which means that he does not eat meat.

1. The man who stole my car was wearing a black mask.

2. Bill O’Grady comes from a small town which means that everyone knows everyone else.

3. She saw a picture of Paul who has a scar on his nose.

4. The photograph in the magazine showed a woman whose hair was very short.

5. I know Henri’s sister whose name is Nicolette.

6.

7. The meal that Connie served last night was spicy which meant that I drank water all night.

8. Hal has fond memories of his hometown which is located on a lake.

9. Bobby met his girlfriend in Asti’s restaurant where the servers sing during the meal.

10.

( H I G H I N T / V E R S I O N 1. 4) 10
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Exercise 4

Complete the following sentences using the information in parentheses.

Be careful to use the correct verb tenses and to punctuate carefully.

Ex. Hyenas , which live in Africa , are very fast runners.

(Hyenas live in Africa.)

1. John F. Kennedy was the youngest president in history.

(JFK was assassinated in 1963.)

2. The pizzeria served expensive food.

(We ate there yesterday.)

3. My dog died yesterday .

(It made me very sad.)

4. Sunday is the day .

(I sleep late on Sundays.)

5. Fatima went to the mall without me .

(It was not a nice thing to do.)

6. Marta is the type of boss .

(Marta is easy to work with.)

7. Sushi is a meal .
(I love sushi.)

8. Alexander Ovechkin comes from Russia.

(Alexander is an excellent hockey player.)

9. Pizza is my favorite food.

(Pizza is inexpensive.)

10. Sachiko’s sister lives in Tokyo .

(Tokyo is the capital of Japan.)

( H I G H I N T / V E R S I O N 1. 4) 11
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Exercise 5

Complete the following sentences about yourself. Be careful to use the

a partner or group.

Ex. When I travel, I love to visit sites where I can learn about the history of that city .

1. I always try to do things .

2. I admire people .

3. I would never marry a person .

4. I want to travel to a place .

5. One of my favorite memories is the time .

6. I would never say something .

7. One of the best days I’ve ever had was the day .

8. When I go shopping, I like to buy things .

9. I would never want to live in a place .

10. I hope my friends see me as someone .

( H I G H I N T / V E R S I O N 1. 4) 12
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Exercise 6
LISTENING

adjective clauses does this story contain? How many are restrictive and
how many are non-restrictive?

I think that I have a typical modern family. I am 24 years old,

1
and I two sisters and two . I live in a
2 3
very big house
4
mother , and I went
5 6
to with my father. Last year, got married to
7 8
a woman has three children of her own. Now we all live together
9
in one home. Maria, is stepsister, is a
10 11
12-year-old girl hair is long and curly.
12
Tony,
13
boy who plays video games are made by Sony.
14 15
stepmother, is the manager of a fast-food restaurant, is 18 years
16
younger than my father. One month ago, my father and his wife had a

baby boy, is my half brother. Last week, when my mother

17
came to pick me up at my school, I major in psychology, I
18
told my friend David, has a good sense of humor, “I have to
19
run. My stepmother has come to me up.” Harry looked at the
20
woman, looked more like my sister my
21 22
stepmother, and said, “Your stepmother looks like she is the same age as you!

you have!” And I think

23
I do, makes life much more .
24 25

( H I G H I N T / V E R S I O N 1. 4) 13
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Exercise 7

Find at least one error in each sentence

and correct it on the line below.

Ex. The student who book was left in the classroom is studying with Dr. Lopez.

1. He used to live in Colombia, that is a Spanish-speaking country.

2. The woman who her name is Dina come from Tunisia.

3. Mitt Romney, who a politician from Massachusetts might run for president.

4. Julia never talks to people which don’t speak her language.

5. Ali who work in a large company which located in northern Quebec.

6. Messi won two championships who was born in a small town in Argentina.

7. Barbara has a house that overlooking the river.

8.

9. Ji Na comes from a place where is very cold almost all year.

10.

( H I G H I N T / V E R S I O N 1. 4) 14
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Exercise 8

Make your own “Find Someone Who” survey! Complete the chart with
eight more adjective clauses. Include clauses with “who” and “whose.”
Then walk around the classroom and ask your classmates your questions.

# Classmate’s Name

1 who prioritizes health over wealth.

2 whose values are similar to your own.

10

( H I G H I N T / V E R S I O N 1. 4) 15
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Exercise 9

Write a short essay using as many adjective clauses as you can.

Make sure you vary the types of nouns you modify. Also, use both
restrictive and non-restrictive clauses and punctuate them carefully.

Choose one of the following topics or think of your own topic.

• Talk about your future plans/goals.

• Describe a past vacation.

• Talk about your hometown.

( H I G H I N T / V E R S I O N 1. 4) 16
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Exercise 10

A. Reading

1) Abraham Lincoln was born in a log cabin in Kentucky on

February 12, 1809. 2) His family later moved to Indiana. 3) He was given
little formal education. 4) Abraham Lincoln walked miles to borrow books
5) He held several jobs in
Illinois. 6) His law practice in Illinois became successful. 7) He had a famous
series of debates with Stephen Douglas in 1858. 8) He lost to Douglas in
the election for senator, but he gained a national reputation. 9) He was
elected president in 1860. 10) In the same year, the Civil War began, and
he claimed broad executive powers. 11) Some people said that these
powers were dictatorial. 12) He lacked a competent military commander
for the Northern Army. 13) 14) One
15) In the Emancipation
Proclamation, he declared that the slaves were free. 16) Military successes
helped him gain re-election in 1864. 17) Unlike many members of
Congress, he wanted to be lenient and forgiving with the Southern states.
18) John Wilkes Booth shot Lincoln on April 14, 1865. 19) Lincoln died the
next morning.

B. Form New Sentences

After reading the article, follow the instructions below to form new
sentences using adjective clauses.

1. Combine sentences 1 and 3 into one sentence by using the relative pronoun who.

2. Change sentence 2 to an adjective clause that begins with the relative pronoun whose and combine it
with sentence 1.

( H I G H I N T / V E R S I O N 1. 4) 17
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Exercise 10 cont.
3. Change sentence 6 to an adjective clause that begins with the relative pronoun where and combine it
with sentence 5.

4. Change sentence 10 to an adjective clause that begins with the relative pronoun when and combine it
with sentence 9.

5. Change sentence 11 to an adjective clause that begins with the relative pronoun that and combine it
with sentence 10.

6. Change sentence 14 to an adjective clause that begins with an expression of quantity (one of which) and
combine it with sentence 13.

7. Change sentence 18 to an adjective clause that begins with the relative pronoun whom and combine it
with sentence 19.

( H I G H I N T / V E R S I O N 1. 4) 18
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Exercise 11
QUIZ

Circle the correct answer.

1. I will never forget the time I lost the keys 5. I have three brothers living in Texas, one
to my house. of is a meditation teacher in Houston.

2. meant that 6. Giovanni has a cousin nose is

he could collect unemployment insurance for incredibly long.

7. The people the singer danced along

3. The doctor treated the wounded man at the to the music.
hotel he had been shot.

8. Vincent Van Gogh was the type of

4. The house Mary grew up is now owned painter use of colors was extraordinary.
by a minister and his wife.

( H I G H I N T / V E R S I O N 1. 4) 19
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Exercise 11 cont.
9. I discussed the ethical question with 13. Jose played soccer for a team lost every
teaches philosophy game it played.
and religion.

14. The movie last Saturday was incredibly dull.

10. Hyenas are rather small animals, are able to
get food through cunning.

15. The performer at the concert yesterday

danced better than Jennifer Lopez.
11. France people eat a great deal of cheese
and drink lots of red wine, has a low incidence of
heart attacks.

12. I would never sit next to a person like

raw garlic.

( H I G H I N T / V E R S I O N 1. 4) 20
 Phonics & Pronunciation

/v/
1 Pronouncing /v/
Can you make the voiced /v/ sound?
Follow the steps below and look at the picture.

1 Place your front teeth on your bottom lip.

2 Push some air out.
3 Make a sound in your throat.

/v/

Copyright 2018, Red River Press Inc. For use by ESL Library members only. (VERSION 1.0) 1
 Grammar Practice Worksheets

Adverb Clauses of Time

Table of Contents
2 Grammar Notes
Adverb Clauses of Time

5 Exercise 1
Adverbs

6 Exercise 2
Correct or Incorrect?

7 Exercise 3
Multiple-Choice

8 Exercise 4
Yoko’s Evening

10 Exercise 5
Find the Error

11 Exercise 6
Pair Work

12 Exercise 7
Writing

13 Exercise 8
Quiz

14 Grammar Assessment

15 Self-Assessment

( H I G H I N T / V E R S I O N 1. 2) 1
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Grammar Notes
INTRODUCTION TO ADVERB CLAUSES

Adverb clauses provide extra information to a sentence about time, place,

purpose, etc. A clause always includes a subject (S) and a verb (V) that
shows tense and agreement.

Adverb clauses are dependent clauses, meaning they cannot stand alone.
Adverb clauses usually modify an independent clause (i.e., the main clause)
of a sentence.

Adverb Clauses of Time

Adverb clauses of time give information about when certain actions take
place. An adverb clause, together with the independent clause, shows

past, present, or future.

A. Form

There are two ways to form a sentence with most adverbs (Adv) of time.
An adverb clause can begin a sentence or it can follow the main clause.

and they are both common.

When an adverb clause begins a sentence, it is usually followed by a

comma. There is no comma when the adverb clause follows the
main clause.

# Pattern Example

Adv + S + V , S + V
While I was eating dinner, I was
1 dependent independent
watching TV.
clause clause

S+V Adv + S + V
I was watching TV while I was
2 independent dependent
eating dinner.
clause clause

( H I G H I N T / V E R S I O N 1. 2) 2
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Adverb Clauses of Time cont.

B. Time Adverbs

Adverb Notes Examples of Adverb Clauses

• used for actions that happen at • After I get home, I always check my email.
after
• I always check my email after I get home.

• As the president was getting ready to address the

nation, reporters crowded around the stage.
as • more formal
• Reporters crowded around the stage as the
president was getting ready to address the nation.

• means “during a certain time

as long as • I will take care of you as long as I live.
period” or “provided that”

•
• used for an action that
back to England.
as soon as immediately follows
•
another action
his studies.

• used for actions that happen at • Before Greta goes to bed, she has a cup of tea.
before
• Greta has a cup of tea before she goes to bed.

• By the time Alexei gets home tonight, Aunt Mila will

• mostly used with the past have left.
by the time
perfect or future perfect • Aunt Mila will have left by the time Alexei gets
home tonight.

• mostly used with the • Every time Hiroko calls me, we talk for an hour.
every time
simple present • Hiroko and I talk for an hour every time she calls me.

( H I G H I N T / V E R S I O N 1. 2) 3
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Adverb Clauses of Time cont.

B. Time Adverbs cont.

Adverb Notes Examples of Adverb Clauses

• Once you complete your exam, you may leave

the room.
once • formal
• You may leave the room once you complete
your exam.

• Omar has lived on Main Street since he

• mostly used with the moved to Vancouver.
since
present perfect • Ever since he moved to Vancouver, Omar has lived on
Main Street.

• When she lived in Montreal, she spoke French

• very common
every day.
when • used for actions that happen at
• She spoke French every day when she lived
in Montreal.

• Whenever I see my former boss, I get nervous.

whenever • means “at any time”
• I get nervous whenever I see my former boss.

• often used with the past

progressive
• While I was studying for the exam, the phone rang.
while • used for actions that happen at
• The phone rang while I was studying for the exam.
the same time or when a short
action interrupts a long action

• often used in the middle of

until •
a sentence

( H I G H I N T / V E R S I O N 1. 2) 4
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Exercise 1
ADVERBS

Fill in the blanks with the best adverb from the Adverb List.
Adverbs can be used more than once.

Ex. I will tell you my secret as long as you promise not to tell
Adverb List
anyone else.
• until
1. I will never go to that restaurant again I live. • by the time
• after
2. I will not come to your house you apologize. • as long as
• while
3. they found out she had stolen $500.

4. My friend was studying I was sleeping.

5. my sister got home last night, I had already

gone to bed.

6. Hannah ate breakfast, she washed the dishes.

7. my sister woke up, my mother had left for work.

8. Padma will stay with the baby the

babysitter arrives.

9. Kamala was sleeping last night, she had an

incredible dream.

10.
job in a restaurant.

( H I G H I N T / V E R S I O N 1. 2) 5
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Exercise 2
CORRECT OR INCORRECT?

Are the following sentences correct? Put a check mark in one of the columns.

# Sentence Yes No

Ex Viktor will have graduated by the time he applies for a job. !

1 I get excited whenever I see puppies.

2 She was going to the beach every time I see her.

4 While I am studying next weekend, she will be sitting in a movie theater.

5 Hyunseon will be return to his country after he graduates.

6 John’s brother has been in jail since he was 22 years old.

7 By the time Ai got to the airport, the plane was left.

9 After Maria takes biology and history, she took physics.

10 Tanisha was still sleeping when I called her at 6:00 am yesterday.

( H I G H I N T / V E R S I O N 1. 2) 6
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Exercise 3
MULTIPLE-CHOICE

Circle the correct answer to complete each sentence.

Ex. While I tomorrow, I will think of you relaxing 5. I you since I you.
on the couch.

will work

6. Yesterday, while I dinner, the power .

1.
she was your sister.

7. Tomorrow, while I dinner, I

the newspaper.
2. As soon as I get home, I you.

8. By the time I got to the game, it .

3. Yesterday, after I dinner, my sister
came over.

9. I you when I arrive in Korea.

4. The movie by the time I got to the theater.

( H I G H I N T / V E R S I O N 1. 2) 7
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Exercise 4
YOKO’S EVENING

A. Chart

What did Yoko do last night? Read the chart.

Time Activity

7:00 came home

7:05 checked her text messages

7:20 drank a glass of water

7:21 microwaved a frozen meal

7:30–7:40 ate dinner

7:30–7:40 read a book

8:00 her favorite TV program started

8:05 turned on the TV

9:00 fell asleep on the couch

( H I G H I N T / V E R S I O N 1. 2) 8
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Exercise 4 cont.
B. Sentences

Then write two of your own.

Ex. After S V, S V (7:05–7:20)

After Yoko checked her text messages, she drank a glass of water.

1. At precisely 7:32 last night, S V

2. While S V, S V (7:30–7:40)

3. By the time S V, S V (8:00–8:05)

4. As soon as S V, S V (7:00–7:05)

5. Before S V, S V (7:20–7:21)

6.

7.

( H I G H I N T / V E R S I O N 1. 2) 9
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Exercise 5
FIND THE ERROR

Find one error in each sentence and write the correct sentence on
the line below.

1. While Nestor was walking to school, he was running into his teacher.

2.

3.

4. By the time Carlos arrived home, his mother left.

5. I will love you until I died.

6. I get sad, whenever I see Brett.

7. As I was falling asleep last night, I was seeing a bright light out the window.

8.

9. By the time Lee had turned on the TV, the program had ended.

10. Karina has worked at that company while she moved to Connecticut.

( H I G H I N T / V E R S I O N 1. 2) 10
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Exercise 6
PAIR WORK

With a partner, take turns describing Alex’s schedule.

Use the prompts to guide you.

A. Alex’s Evening

Time Activity

6:00–6:50 eats dinner

6:00–6:50 talks to his kids about the blizzard

6:55 his mother calls

7:00 brushes his teeth

7:05–7:15 waits for his brother

7:15 his brother arrives

7:15 leaves the house

7:30 the movie starts

7:40 arrives at the movie theater

B. Speaking – Past

Imagine the activities in Part A happened last night. With your partner,
take turns talking about Alex’s activities. Use adverbs clauses.

C. Speaking – Future

Imagine the activities in Part A will happen tomorrow night. With your
partner, take turns talking about Alex’s activities. Use adverbs clauses.

( H I G H I N T / V E R S I O N 1. 2) 11
 Adverb Clauses of Time
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 7
WRITING

What happened to you? Think of a time when you were involved in an

accident or an unexpected situation and write a short story about it. It can
be a true story or you can make one up. Use as many adverb clauses as
you can.

Ex. Someone broke into my house last weekend. I didn’t realize it until I got
back from my vacation. I was having a great time skiing while someone

been a few days…

( H I G H I N T / V E R S I O N 1. 2) 12
 Adverb Clauses of Time
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 8
QUIZ

Circle the correct answer.

1. By the time the movie started, 5. By the time Oscar got to the 9.
her homework. airport, the plane . Karla was working in her

2. After I class tomorrow, I 6. I will call you I get back

will go to that new restaurant. from the party. 10. Tomorrow, while I , I will
think of you watching TV on
the couch.

3. She has not even looked 7. Every time I you, you

at another man she are wearing something purple.
married Jim two weeks ago. 11.
the time you .

8. I call that company, I get

4. Two days ago, their car put on hold.
broke down while they 12. I will love you I die.
to Philadelphia.

( H I G H I N T / V E R S I O N 1. 2) 13
 Phonics & Pronunciation

/v/
1 Pronouncing /v/
Can you make the voiced /v/ sound?
Follow the steps below and look at the picture.

1 Place your front teeth on your bottom lip.

2 Push some air out.
3 Make a sound in your throat.

/v/

Copyright 2018, Red River Press Inc. For use by ESL Library members only. (VERSION 1.0) 1
 Grammar Practice Worksheets

Passive Causative
Table of Contents
2 Grammar Notes
The Passive Causative

4 Exercise 1
Complete the Sentences

5 Exercise 2
Rewrite the Sentences

6 Exercise 3
Pair Work

7 Exercise 4
Writing

8 Exercise 5
Quiz: Passive Causative Vs. Causative

( H I G H I N T – A DV / V E R S I O N 1. 0) 1
 Passive Causative
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Grammar Notes
THE PASSIVE CAUSATIVE

A. Use

The passive causative is generally used for services such as repairs, beauty
treatments, or job duties. This verb form combines causative verbs (which
show that someone is causing someone else to do something) and the
passive voice (when the focus is on the thing, not the person).

B. Form

To understand how the passive causative is formed, review the causative

and passive patterns below. Then look at the passive causative pattern and
example and notice how both causative and passive elements are used.

CAUSATIVE PATTERN

Pattern

Example We had them repair our roof.

PASSIVE PATTERN

Pattern

Example Our roof was repaired (by them).

PASSIVE CAUSATIVE PATTERN

Pattern

We1 had2 our roof 3 repaired4 (by them).5

1
causative pattern
Example
2
have from the causative pattern (or get from the passive pattern)
3
passive pattern
4
passive pattern
5
by someone (can be dropped) is from the passive pattern

( H I G H I N T – A DV / V E R S I O N 1. 0) 2
 Passive Causative
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Grammar Notes cont.

• The manager had the report sent out early this morning.

• The bride is having her wedding cake delivered.

• I got my hair cut last weekend.

• My landlord said he will get our furnace as soon as possible.

D. Some Notes on "Get"

It’s easy to see why have is used in the passive causative pattern—it’s also
a causative verb (along with let and make). But why and when do we use
in this pattern?

Note #1 Note #3
Get is the informal passive form of be. While have and get have the same meaning in a
passive causative sentence, get is not as formal, so
• ! got eaten.

• ! got
• I had my oil changed last month.
(formal or informal)

• I got my oil changed last month.

(informal only)
Note #2
Get also has a causative meaning (making someone do
something). However, it’s not a true causative verb, so

• My parents got me to clean my room.

• The teacher got the students to suggest

presentation ideas.

( H I G H I N T – A DV / V E R S I O N 1. 0) 3
 Passive Causative
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 1
COMPLETE THE SENTENCES

Complete the sentences using get in the appropriate tense along with
the object and verb provided.

Ex. She got her hair done for the wedding.

(her hair, do)

1. Our friends tomorrow evening.

(the dinner party, cater)

2. We last month.
(our gutters, clean)

3. by volunteers.
(the mess, clean up)

4. When did you last ?

(your hair, cut)

5. I by someone from the IT department tomorrow.

(my system, reboot)

6. We every week.
(our garbage, pick up)

7. He right after he dropped it.

(his cracked cell phone screen, replace)

8. The HR manager by all the new employers now.

9. I prefer by an accountant.
(my taxes, prepare)

10. She likes at that salon on Smith Street.

(her nails, do)

( H I G H I N T – A DV / V E R S I O N 1. 0) 4
 Passive Causative
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 2
REWRITE THE SENTENCES

Change the following causative sentences to the passive causative using have and by.

Ex. They had the store down the street print the brochures.

They had the brochures printed by the store down the street.

1. The judge will have the jury deliver the verdict.

2. My parents are having the landscapers cut down many trees.

3. Once a year, I have a vet examine my dog.

4.

5. We will have the photographer put all the shots on a disk.

6. You had that cleaning service clean your house, didn’t you?

7. He had his friends move his furniture.

8. You said that you had your coworker complete the project.

9. I had the dental hygienist clean my teeth.

10. They had their lawyer serve papers to the company they’re suing.

( H I G H I N T – A DV / V E R S I O N 1. 0) 5
 Passive Causative
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 3
PAIR WORK

Imagine you and your partner are managers in a company. Write

A. Questions

Ex. Did you have this document formatted by your assistant?

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

B. Answers

Ex. She didn't have this document formatted by her assistant. She got it formatted by her intern instead.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

( H I G H I N T – A DV / V E R S I O N 1. 0) 6
 Passive Causative
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 5
QUIZ: PASSIVE CAUSATIVE VS. CAUSATIVE

Find one error in each sentence below. Rewrite the sentence correctly.

Ex. My doctor had me scheduled a follow-up appointment.

My doctor had me schedule a follow-up appointment.

1. The charity has the money collect by volunteers.

2. I get my hair dyed pink last month.

3. They have had their employees worked late many times this year.

4. Our teacher is having us writing an essay for homework.

5. We had the parcel send by courier last week, so you should have received it by now.

6. My neighbors have their groceries delivery once a week.

7.

8. You should have that rash look at by a doctor.

9.

10. Do you need get those documents edited?

( H I G H I N T – A DV / V E R S I O N 1. 0) 8
 Phonics & Pronunciation

/v/
1 Pronouncing /v/
Can you make the voiced /v/ sound?
Follow the steps below and look at the picture.

1 Place your front teeth on your bottom lip.

2 Push some air out.
3 Make a sound in your throat.

/v/

Copyright 2018, Red River Press Inc. For use by ESL Library members only. (VERSION 1.0) 1
 Grammar Practice Worksheets

Embedded Questions
Table of Contents
2 Grammar Notes
Embedded Questions

6 Exercise 1
Embedded Questions

7 Exercise 2
Direct Questions

8 Exercise 3
Complete the Sentences

9 Exercise 4
Pair Work

11 Exercise 5
Reported Speech

12 Exercise 6
Writing

13 Exercise 7
Find the Errors

14 Exercise 8
Class Survey

15 Exercise 9
Quiz

17 Answer Key

( H I G H I N T – A DV / V E R S I O N 2 .1) 1
 Embedded Questions
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Grammar Notes
A. Introduction Tip:
Think of “embed” as “in bed.” When you’re in bed,
An embedded question is a question you’re tucked in between the sheets. An embedded
that is inside another question or statement. question is a question tucked inside another one!

B. Patterns

Pattern Description Examples

• She sang.
Sentence
Subject + Verb (+ Object) or SVO. • The boy walked his dog.

• What did he say?

A normal question has an auxiliary verb before
• Do you like pizza?
Question VSVO.

For the Be VSO. • Is she a doctor?

• I don’t know [what that means].

statement or other question follows a sentence
Embedded
pattern SVO.
Question • Do you think [we need more time]?
(The introductory phrases will follow the normal

C. Uses

Use Embedded Questions... Examples

• What time is it? (normal question)

To be more polite
• Could you (please) tell me what time it is? (embedded question = more polite)

• I wonder if she’ll call me. (expresses curiosity)

To give more information • I don’t know where my bag is. (expresses lack of knowledge)
• I want to know when this meeting will start. (expresses desire for knowledge)

To change direct speech to • “What do you want to know?” (direct speech)

reported (indirect) speech • (reported speech)

( H I G H I N T – A DV / V E R S I O N 2 .1) 2
 Embedded Questions
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Grammar Notes cont.

D. Examples of Embedded Questions within Questions

Common Introductory
Questions Embedded Question Examples
Question Phrases

Do you know... When does the class start? Do you know when the class starts?

Who knows... What is the answer? Who knows what the answer is?

Do you think... Can he come tonight? Do you think he can come tonight?

Do you remember... Where is the restaurant? Do you remember where the restaurant is?

Could you tell me... Is there free parking? Could you tell me if there is free parking?

Would you mind telling me... What time is it? Would you mind telling me what time it is?

E. Examples of Embedded Questions within Statements

Common Introductory
Questions Embedded Question Examples
Statement Phrases

I wonder... Is our teacher sick today? I wonder whether (or not) our teacher is sick today.

I asked... Does she have a cold? I asked if she had a cold.

I want to know... I want to know how much your car was.

I don’t know... Who does this book belong to? I don’t know who this book belongs to.

I’m not sure... Where are my keys? I’m not sure where my keys are.

The question is if we should

The question is... Should we go ahead with it?
go ahead with it (or not).

Let’s ask... Do they like video games? Let’s ask whether they like video games (or not).

( H I G H I N T – A DV / V E R S I O N 2 .1) 3
 Embedded Questions
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Grammar Notes cont.

F. Tense Changes from Direct to Reported Speech

When embedded questions are used in reported speech, the verb tense
usually changes. Look at the chart below. Imagine that the direct questions
were asked yesterday, and today you are reporting what was said

Direct Speech Tense Reported Speech Tense Example

What does she want !

Simple Present Simple Past
wanted.

Are you coming !

Present Progressive Past Progressive
She asked if I was coming to the party.

Did they pass !

Simple Past Past Perfect
I asked whether they had passed the test.

Have you been !

Present Perfect Past Perfect
I asked if you had been to Europe.

When will he arrive !

Simple Future Conditional
She asked when he would arrive.

G. Notes

Note #1 Note #2
Statements with whether or if can stand alone
if or whether (except or not. Notice the placement
when following the verb think). If and whether have the
same meaning, but if is more common.
" I wonder whether the game is canceled.
• What time is it? ! " I wonder whether the game is canceled or not.
Could you tell me what time it is? " I wonder whether or not the game is canceled.

• Do you need help? ! " I asked if we were allowed to go.

Could you tell me if/whether you need help? " I asked if we were allowed to go or not.
# I asked if or not we were allowed to go.

• think) Will they come over later? !

Do you think they will come over later?

( H I G H I N T – A DV / V E R S I O N 2 .1) 4
 Embedded Questions
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Grammar Notes cont.

G. Notes cont.

Note #3 Note #6
Remember to use a question mark Who knows is used for questions, but it can also

this phrase as a statement when they are surprised

• Could you tell me where the bank is?

" Who knows the answer to #2?

" Who knows what she meant by that.
• I don’t know where the bank is. " Who knows when this week
will start getting better.

Note #4
Note #7
noun clause.

serves as the subject or object of another sentence. and the embedded question are the same, it is often
possible to use an .
• What do you mean?
• !
to get to the bank.
• I don’t know [what you mean].
• She asked, “Who do I give the report to?” !
She asked who to give the report to.
(The noun clause what you mean
I don’t know.)

Note #5
Never use contractions at the

" Do you know what time it is?

# Do you know what time it’s?

( H I G H I N T – A DV / V E R S I O N 2 .1) 5
 Embedded Questions
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 1
EMBEDDED QUESTIONS

Change the direct questions into embedded questions.

1. I want to know who that was .

(Who was that?)

2. Do you remember ?
(When does the meeting start?)

3. I wonder if .
(Do they like sushi?)

4. Who knows ?
(What time is it?)

5. They asked .
(Where is the restaurant?)

6. She’s not sure .

(What does he want?)

7. Does he think ?
(Will it be a nice day?)

8. Could you tell me ?

(Do they eat meat?)

9. I want to know .

10. She asked .

(Do you want more pasta?)

( H I G H I N T – A DV / V E R S I O N 2 .1) 6
 Embedded Questions
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 2
DIRECT QUESTIONS

Change the embedded questions into direct questions.

1. I want to know when you’re leaving.

2.

3. Could you tell me what time the movie starts?

4. Do you know if she’ll be late?

5. I wonder whether I should talk to the principal or not.

6. We asked how to get to the library.

7. Would you mind telling us where the bathroom is?

8. Do you think they’re going to show up?

9. She doesn’t remember when she handed in her assignment.

10. The question is whether or not we should wait.

( H I G H I N T – A DV / V E R S I O N 2 .1) 7
 Embedded Questions
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 3
COMPLETE THE SENTENCES

Complete the questions and sentences using an embedded question of

your choice. Pay attention to the punctuation at the end of your sentence.

1. Do you know

2. I don’t know

3. I wonder

4. Do you think

5. Could you tell me

6. Do you remember

7. I’m not sure

8. I asked

9. Would you mind telling me

10. I want to know

11. Let’s ask

12. Can you tell me

13. I’d like to know

14. I don’t remember

15. Who knows

( H I G H I N T – A DV / V E R S I O N 2 .1) 8
 Embedded Questions
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 4 (Student A)
PAIR WORK

First, write three or more questions on the blank lines.

and changing the question into an embedded question.

Take turns asking and answering each other’s questions.

1. What’s your favorite movie?

2.

3. What’s your dream job?

4. What do you think of this city?

5. Will there be a third world war?

6.

7.

8.

Example:
Joe:
Could you tell me what your favorite restaurant is?

Maria: I love that Italian place on Main Street. They have the best lasagna.

I’d like to know how many siblings you have.

Joe: Well, I have one brother and three sisters.

We have a pretty big family.

( H I G H I N T – A DV / V E R S I O N 2 .1) 9
 Embedded Questions
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 4 (Student B)
PAIR WORK

First, write three or more questions on the blank lines.

and changing the question into an embedded question.

Take turns asking and answering each other’s questions.

1. What is the most amazing trip you’ve ever taken?

2. Do you like to learn new things?

3. What kind of music do you like?

4.

5. Do you worry about the future?

6.

7.

8.

Example:
Joe:
Could you tell me what your favorite restaurant is?

Maria: I love that Italian place on Main Street. They have the best lasagna.

I’d like to know how many siblings you have.

Joe: Well, I have one brother and three sisters.

We have a pretty big family.

( H I G H I N T – A DV / V E R S I O N 2 .1) 10
 Embedded Questions
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 5
REPORTED SPEECH

Change the direct speech into reported speech. Use “She asked”

1. “Do you have a pen?”

She asked if I had a pen.

2. “What time is it?”

3. “Where are you going?”

4. “What will you wear?”

5. “Are you studying now?”

6. “Where have you been?”

7. “Why didn’t you listen to me?”

8. “Do you want to go out for dinner?”

9. “Did you remember to bring my book?”

10. “Will you help me with my homework?”

( H I G H I N T – A DV / V E R S I O N 2 .1) 11
 Embedded Questions
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 6
WRITING

Write about your last phone Example:

or text conversation. What did
on Friday. I didn’t know what was playing this weekend, so I looked it up
wondering or thinking about?
to know if he would see a horror movie with me. Do you think he was
questions in statement or surprised that I wanted to see a horror movie?
question form.

( H I G H I N T – A DV / V E R S I O N 2 .1) 12
 Embedded Questions
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 7
FIND THE ERRORS

Rewrite the correct sentences.

1. Do you know when is the meeting starting?

2. Would you mind tell me if you’ve been waiting here long?

3. I asked had he left yet.

4. Do you think they will make it on time.

5. I want to know whether not we will get a refund.

6. Could you telling me where the nearest ATM is?

7.

8. I wonder when will the new gym open.

9. Can you let me know why didn’t you return my call?

10. The question be whether or not school will be canceled.

( H I G H I N T – A DV / V E R S I O N 2 .1) 13
 Embedded Questions
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 8
CLASS SURVEY

classmates, add introductory Example:

phrases to make embedded
questions. If your classmate Lee: Nina, would you mind telling me if you
get eight hours of sleep every night?

name in the column on the right. Nina:

classmates as you can.

# Find someone who... Name

1 is concerned about the environment.

2 plays a musical instrument.

3 has met a celebrity.

4 knows where a good Mexican restaurant is.

10

( H I G H I N T – A DV / V E R S I O N 2 .1) 14
 Embedded Questions
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 9
QUIZ

Imagine you are new to the city. Write an embedded question

(statement or question form) below each prompt.

I was wondering how to get to the bank.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

( H I G H I N T – A DV / V E R S I O N 2 .1) 15
 Embedded Questions
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 9 cont.
9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

( H I G H I N T – A DV / V E R S I O N 2 .1) 16
 Phonics & Pronunciation

/v/
1 Pronouncing /v/
Can you make the voiced /v/ sound?
Follow the steps below and look at the picture.

1 Place your front teeth on your bottom lip.

2 Push some air out.
3 Make a sound in your throat.

/v/

Copyright 2018, Red River Press Inc. For use by ESL Library members only. (VERSION 1.0) 1
 Present Perfect Progressive
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Present Perfect
Progressive
Table of Contents
2 GR AMMAR NOTES 12 EXERCISE 8: Class Activity

5 EXERCISE 1: For & Since

Write sentences describing how long 13 EXERCISE 9: Writing

6 EXERCISE 2: Fill in the Blanks

14 EXERCISE 10: Present Perfect &
Present Perfect Progressive

7 EXERCISE 3:

15 EXERCISE 11: Present Perfect Vs.

8 EXERCISE 4: Tell Me Why Present Perfect Progressive

9 EXERCISE 5: Questions & Answers

10 EXERCISE 6:

11 EXERCISE 7: Ever Since

( I N T / V E R S I O N 3 . 0) 1
 Present Perfect Progressive
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Grammar Notes
A. Introduction

B. Finished Vs. Continuing Actions

SHORTER TIME FR AMES

Present Perfect Present Perfect Progressive

Pattern -ing

•
•
Use
•

• for
• since
• • •
• • •
• still

• I The Hobbit • I The Hobbit

• She has written • She

( I N T / V E R S I O N 3 . 0) 2
 Present Perfect Progressive
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Grammar Notes cont.

B. Finished Vs. Continuing Actions cont.

Repeated Past Action Shorter Time Frames

•
•
Do not mention when

• I
• We
• She has given

C. Continuing Actions

LONGER TIME FR AMES

Present Perfect Present Perfect Progressive

Pattern -ing

Use
will

• I
• I

• He
• He

• She
• She

( I N T / V E R S I O N 3 . 0) 3
 Present Perfect Progressive
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Grammar Notes cont.

C. Continuing Actions cont.

Longer Time Frames

• I (emphasis on the past to the present)

• I (emphasis also on the future)

• I (emphasis on the past to the present)

• I (emphasis also on the future)

Non-Action Verbs

-ing

! She
" She

!
"

For, All, Since & Ever Since

how long

For all show the For all

• for 30 years
• all her life

Since ever since show the Since is more

ever since since

•
•

( I N T / V E R S I O N 3 . 0) 4
 Present Perfect Progressive
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 1
FOR & SINCE

for or since

( I N T / V E R S I O N 3 . 0) 5
 Present Perfect Progressive
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 2
FILL IN THE BLANKS

has been waiting •

• look
• lift
• work
•
I
• feel
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The girls • sit
•

( I N T / V E R S I O N 3 . 0) 6
 Present Perfect Progressive
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 3
NEGATIVE & AFFIRMATIVE

( I N T / V E R S I O N 3 . 0)
 Present Perfect Progressive
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 4
TELL ME WHY

A. Matching

B. Writing

( I N T / V E R S I O N 3 . 0) 8
 Present Perfect Progressive
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 5
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

The

for 20 years

for over an hour

since last night

Mrs. Jones

( I N T / V E R S I O N 3 . 0) 9
 Present Perfect Progressive
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 6
SCR AMBLED SENTENCES

( I N T / V E R S I O N 3 . 0)
 Present Perfect Progressive
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 7
EVER SINCE

ever since

( I N T / V E R S I O N 3 . 0) 11
 Present Perfect Progressive
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 8
CLASS ACTIVITY

11

12

13

14

15

16

18

19

( I N T / V E R S I O N 3 . 0) 12
 Present Perfect Progressive
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 9
WRITING
Example

( I N T / V E R S I O N 3 . 0) 13
 Present Perfect Progressive
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 10
PRESENT PERFECT & PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

Person Activity in Progress Began

Doris

Wayne

Michael

Bonnie

Doris

( I N T / V E R S I O N 3 . 0) 14
 Present Perfect Progressive
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 11
PRESENT PERFECT VS. PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

I have been writing

(write)

(eat)

She
(buy)

(wait)

(be)

It

( I N T / V E R S I O N 3 . 0) 15
 Phonics & Pronunciation

/v/
1 Pronouncing /v/
Can you make the voiced /v/ sound?
Follow the steps below and look at the picture.

1 Place your front teeth on your bottom lip.

2 Push some air out.
3 Make a sound in your throat.

/v/

Copyright 2018, Red River Press Inc. For use by ESL Library members only. (VERSION 1.0) 1
 Grammar Practice Worksheets

Past Perfect
Progressive
Table of Contents
2 Grammar Notes
Past Perfect Progressive /
Past Perfect Vs. Past Perfect Progressive

5 Exercise 1
Fill in the Blanks

6 Exercise 2
Find the Error

7 Exercise 3
Past Perfect Progressive Sentences

8 Exercise 4
Past Perfect Vs. Past Perfect Progressive

9 Exercise 5
Pair Work

10 Exercise 6
Quiz

( A DV / V E R S I O N 3 . 0) 1
 Past Perfect Progressive
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Grammar Notes
A. The Past Perfect Progressive

called the past perfect continuous

Tense Past Perfect Progressive
is used for discussing two past Diagram
1 2
continues to the second action.

The past perfect progressive is

not that common in English, but it
is needed occasionally in formal Form had + been + -ing verb
speaking and writing.
Function

Time Markers • by the time for and since are also

• when commonly used to indicate the
• before

Examples • I had been studying for two hours

by the time he called me last night.
• We had been waiting for more than

• Before I completed the presentation,

I had been talking for over an hour.

Note #1
When forming the past perfect in English, the independent clause uses
simple past.

Remember that the dependent clause can come before or after the

• She had been talking for two hours

by the time he asked to use the phone.

• By the time he asked to use the phone,

she had been talking for two hours.

( A DV / V E R S I O N 3 . 0) 2
 Past Perfect Progressive
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Grammar Notes cont.

A. The Past Perfect Progressive cont.

Note #2 Note #3
Sometimes the dependent clause is just an adverb The past perfect progressive is quite formal.
phrase of time and not a complete sentence with Often, in informal speaking and writing, the
past progressive can be used instead with
, , etc.

• By August 1998, she had been • We had been waiting for two hours
living in California for eight years. when he arrived.

• They had been preparing for the meeting • We were waiting for two hours
for 24 hours by 10:00 am yesterday. when he arrived.

Note #4
This verb tense has three parts to it! Here’s how it is formed:

Past Perfect had studied

be studying
The Past Participle of Be
Final Result = had + been + -ing verb

Past Perfect had + past participle

be + -ing verb

had + been + -ing verb

Example I had been studying.

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 Past Perfect Progressive
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Grammar Notes cont.

B. The Past Perfect Vs. The Past Perfect Progressive

How can we tell when the past perfect tense is needed instead of

second one occurred. Compare these two tenses in the chart below.

Tense Past Perfect Past Perfect Progressive

Diagram
1 2 1 2

Form had + past participle had + been + -ing verb

Function continued
before the second past action. until the second past action.

Time Markers • by the time • by the time

• when , yesterday, and ago are often • when markers for and since are often
• before • before
• after

Examples • My friend had texted me • My sister had been studying English

for 11 years before she entered university.

• I dinner by the • We had been waiting since 5:00 pm

time he called me last night.

• By the time she got home, • When he called me at midnight,

someone the door. I hadn’t been sleeping for very long.

• Had you already made plans • Had you all night

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 Past Perfect Progressive
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 1
FILL IN THE BLANKS

Write the past perfect progressive form of the verbs in parentheses.

had been doing my homework for three hours.

(do)

1. She
(attend)

2. He for nine hours by 8:00 am.

(sleep)

3. By the time she got to my house, I for ages.

(clean)

4. We for 45 minutes before you joined us.

(hang out)

5. I here long before I moved to a new apartment.

(live, not)

6. My friend at our company for eight years before he quit.

(work)

7. The security guard

(patrol)

8. By 11:00 pm last night, we for only an hour.

(sleep)

9. he
(wait)

10. the children

(play)

( A DV / V E R S I O N 3 . 0) 5
 Past Perfect Progressive
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 2
FIND THE ERROR

Find one error in each sentence and correct it on the line below.

1.

2. By the time John had been getting home, his roommates had been watching the game for an hour.

3. She had been studied English for ten years when she graduated.

4. You have been playing the drums for eight years by the time you turned 18.

5.

6. I had been reading for half an hour by time she came over.

7. By the time my daughter turned 19, I had been teaching her to drive since three years.

8.

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 Past Perfect Progressive
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 3
PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE SENTENCES

Write sentences using the past perfect progressive tense. The

should start with an independent clause. Watch your punctuation.

1. They / ask / directions / they / drive around / hours

2.

3. She / 25 / she / speak / three languages / for a decade

4. He / get hired / my brother / look for a job / seven months

5. They / reach / an agreement / the rival companies / negotiate / 72 hours

6. She / get / black belt / my daughter / take / karate lessons / 2011

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 Past Perfect Progressive
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 4
PAST PERFECT VS. PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

Write the verbs in parentheses in the past perfect or past perfect progressive tense.

the bus for 11 years.

(take)

1. My friends to the party by the time I got home.

(go)

2. They
(pack)

3. Everyone
(leave)

4. My son at home for 18 years by the time he left for university.

(live)

5. for an hour and a half.

(wait)

6. By this time last month, she at this company for 12 years.

(work)

7. My neighbor his deck for a week before I complained about the noise.
(renovate)

8. you

9. By the time the ceremony was over, we

(decide)

10. you
(sit)

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 Past Perfect Progressive
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 5
PAIR WORK

A. Speaking

Think back on your life so far. What had you accomplished at age 10, 15,

certain ages. Use the past perfect and the past perfect progressive.

Examples:
• When I graduated from high school,

• I had traveled to Europe twice by the time I was 15.

B. Writing

that your partner told you about.

Example:
• By the time my partner was 30,

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 Past Perfect Progressive
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 6
QUIZ

Circle the correct verb tense for each sentence.

1. Mark sick for an hour 6. By the time you me up,

before his boss sent him home. I had been sleeping for nine hours.

2. 7.
homework, the sun . I it for over a week.

3. By the time she , 8. She to get an appointment

he had already left. for days by the time a spot opened up.

4. They shopping 9. They were happy that they

by the time the mall closed. their house before the end of the year.

5. My friend had been helping me with my homework 10. Her dog for two days
all night before she asleep. by the time she took it to the vet.

( A DV / V E R S I O N 3 . 0) 10
 Phonics & Pronunciation

/v/
1 Pronouncing /v/
Can you make the voiced /v/ sound?
Follow the steps below and look at the picture.

1 Place your front teeth on your bottom lip.

2 Push some air out.
3 Make a sound in your throat.

/v/

Copyright 2018, Red River Press Inc. For use by ESL Library members only. (VERSION 1.0) 1
 Grammar Practice Worksheets

Future Perfect
Progressive
Table of Contents
2 Grammar Notes
Future Perfect Progressive /
Future Perfect Vs. Future Perfect Progressive

5 Exercise 1
Fill in the Blanks

6 Exercise 2
Find the Error

7 Exercise 3
Future Perfect Progressive Sentences

8 Exercise 4
Future Perfect Vs. Future Perfect Progressive

9 Exercise 5
Pair Work

10 Exercise 6
Quiz

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 Future Perfect Progressive
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Grammar Notes
A. The Future Perfect Progressive

The future perfect progressive

(also called the future perfect
Tense Future Perfect Progressive
continuous Diagram
1 2

The future perfect progressive

is not commonly used in Form will + have + been + -ing verb (present participle)
English because we don’t
Function
usually need to imagine such a
action continues to the second (short) action.
needed occasionally in speaking
Time Markers • by the time (Note that for is also commonly used to
• when
• before

Examples • We will have been negotiating for three

weeks by the time we reach an agreement.
• When he resigns, he will have
been working here for 18 years.
• I will have been studying for
two hours before she calls me.

Note #1
In English, the future form is almost never used twice in a sentence.

takes the simple present (even though the meaning is still a future time).

even further in the future!

Remember that the dependent clause can come before or after

• She will have been talking for two

hours by the time he needs the phone.

• By the time he needs the phone,

she will have been talking for two hours.

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 Future Perfect Progressive
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Grammar Notes cont.

A. The Future Perfect Progressive cont.

Note #2
Sometimes the dependent clause is just an adverb phrase of time and not
a complete sentence with a present verb. Because these phrases indicate
a future time, they are often used with the future perfect progressive.
Examples of typical phrases include by this time next month, by July 2028,
, etc.

• By this time next month, I will have

been working on this project for 11 months.

• By the year 2030, she will have been living there for a long, long time.

• By 10:00 am on Friday, they will have been

mulling over the problem for 48 hours.

Note #3
This verb tense has four parts to it! Here’s how it is formed:

1. Future Perfect = will + have + past participle (e.g., )

2. Progressive = be + -ing verb (e.g., )
3. The Past Participle of Be
4. Final Result = will + have + been + -ing verb

Future Perfect will + have + past participle

Progressive be + -ing verb

Future Perfect Progressive will + have + been + -ing verb

Example I will have been studying.

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 Future Perfect Progressive
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Grammar Notes cont.

B. The Future Perfect Vs. The Future Perfect Progressive

How can we tell when the future perfect tense is required instead of
the future perfect progressive? With the future perfect, two future actions

the second one occurs. Compare these two tenses in the chart below.

Tense Future Perfect Future Perfect Progressive

Diagram
1 2 1 2

Form will + have + past participle will + have + been + -ing verb

Function continue
before the second future action. until the second future action.

Time Markers • by the time (Note: The typical future markers • by the time (Note: The typical
• when next and are often • when progressive marker for
• before additionally used.) • before

Examples • I dinner by • I will have been studying

the time she calls me tonight. by the time she calls me tonight.

• By the time my teacher quizzes us • By the time she comes over, my kids
tomorrow, I will have memorized will have been sleeping for an hour.

• When I move to Vancouver next July,

• That student will have graduated my best friend will have been living
before he gets his essay back next week. there for two years already.

• You will already have left when • They will have been hanging out at
he gets home from his trip. the bar for hours before I join them.

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 Future Perfect Progressive
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 1
FILL IN THE BLANKS

Write the future perfect progressive form of the verbs in parentheses.

Ex. By the time he arrives, I for an hour.

(clean)

1. She
(study)

2. They for nine hours by 8:00 am tomorrow.

(sleep)

3. By the time you call, I all afternoon.

(bake)

4. We for 45 minutes when you join us.

(jog)

5. you all day by the time I come over?

(prepare)

6. My coworker here for six years by July 2021.

(work)

7. By the time she gets back, her parents about her for days.
(worry)

8. By 5:00 pm, we for three hours.

(negotiate)

9. By the time he gets organized, they around for ages.

(wait)

10. two jobs

(do)
for at least six months.

( A DV / V E R S I O N 3 . 0) 5
 Future Perfect Progressive
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 2
FIND THE ERROR

Find one error in each sentence and correct it on the line below.

Ex. By 7:00, we will have studying for 90 minutes.

1. By the time the meeting over, they will have been sitting since 9:00 am.

2. Christina will have been traveling for two years before she will return home.

3.

4. He will has been watching TV all morning before his girlfriend arrives.

5. Keiko will have being listening to music for hours when I get home tonight.

6. My friend will have been practicing the guitar since 15 years by 2028.

7. By the time my neighbor come over, I will have been reading for half an hour.

8. We will have been driving around for hours before he will ask for directions.

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 Future Perfect Progressive
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 3
FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE SENTENCES

Write sentences using the future perfect progressive tense. The

should start with an independent clause. Watch your punctuation.

1. 8:00 pm / Michelle / wait / boyfriend / two hours

2. You / graduate / you / attend / university / four years

3. Next Monday / Sergio / practice / his speech / 11 days

4. She / go / the interview / she / look / new job / three weeks

5. Our band / perform / we / rehearse / months

6. Next June / Phillip / practice / karate / ten years

( A DV / V E R S I O N 3 . 0) 7
 Future Perfect Progressive
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 4
FUTURE PERFECT VS. FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

Write the verbs in parentheses in the future perfect or future perfect progressive tense.

Ex. By the time you go to Europe, the package .

(arrive)

1. Before she leaves, I hope she all my questions.

(answer)

2. They
(try)

3. Mr. Smith by the time I get back.

(lock up)

4. Marco sick for two days by the time his prescription comes in.
(be)

5. My neighbor all morning by the time I come home for lunch.

(garden)

6. By the time they walk in, everything .

(organize)

7. you eating when I come over?

8. By this time next month, our team on the project for over a year.
(work)

9. By the time the counselor sees me, I here for over an hour.
(sit)

10. They the invitations by this time next week.

(send)

( A DV / V E R S I O N 3 . 0) 8
 Future Perfect Progressive
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 5
PAIR WORK

A. Role-Play

Imagine you and your partner are siblings. Your grandmother is coming

busy. Takes turns complaining to each other about what your grandma
will be interrupting when she arrives (use future perfect progressive

Examples:
• When Grandma arrives, I will only have been studying for an hour.
That’s not enough time to prepare for my test tomorrow!

•
At least I won’t have to worry about doing it after she leaves.

B. Write & Share

Now write down several of the ideas that you and your
partner came up with. Then share them with the class.

( A DV / V E R S I O N 3 . 0) 9
 Future Perfect Progressive
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 6
QUIZ

Circle the correct verb tense for each sentence.

1. By the time she , 6.

he will already have gone to bed. food on his plate, it cold.

2. By the time you wake me up, 7. Before I send this email,

I for nine hours. she every word.

3. Andre for an 8. By July 2025, you French for 15 years.

9. They before next summer.

4. We won’t have signed the contracts
by the time the meeting .

10. The contest over for days by

the time he gets around to submitting his entry.
5. My sister will have been helping our mother out
for two weeks before it my turn.

( A DV / V E R S I O N 3 . 0) 10
 Phonics & Pronunciation

/v/
1 Pronouncing /v/
Can you make the voiced /v/ sound?
Follow the steps below and look at the picture.

1 Place your front teeth on your bottom lip.

2 Push some air out.
3 Make a sound in your throat.

/v/

Copyright 2018, Red River Press Inc. For use by ESL Library members only. (VERSION 1.0) 1
 Grammar Practice Worksheets

Third Conditional
Table of Contents
2 Grammar Notes 14 Exercise 10
Third Conditional Now You Tell Me!

5 Exercise 1 15 Exercise 11
Multiple-Choice Wish

6 Exercise 2 16 Exercise 12
Fill in the Blanks The Great Conditional Challenge

7 Exercise 3 17 Exercise 13
Matching Mixed Conditionals

7 Exercise 4 18 Exercise 14
Complete the Sentences Find Your Match

8 Exercise 5 19 Exercise 15
Conditional Sentences Quiz: First, Second & Third Conditional

9 Exercise 6
Past Regrets

10 Exercise 7
Comprehension

11 Exercise 8
What Would You Have Done?

13 Exercise 9
Survey

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 Third Conditional
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Grammar Notes
THIRD CONDITIONAL

A. Introduction to Conditionals

hypothetical situation. This is when you

third conditional, also known as the past conditional.

B. The Third Conditional

Pattern:

The third conditional expresses a past regret

Form
or shows a outcome that would have
Think of it like this:

if clause is a past perfect

in the main clause follows the past modal pattern

Examples

Sentences Condition Outcome Explanation

• If I had arrived on time, no one

would have stared at me as I walked in. I was late
not arriving people
• No one would have stared at me on time
at me as I walked in.
as I walked in if I had arrived on time.

• If you had brought your jacket, you

would not have been so cold last night. You were cold

• You would not have been so cold last a jacket

night if you had brought your jacket.

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 Third Conditional
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Grammar Notes cont.

B. The Third Conditional cont.

Examples cont.

Sentences Condition Outcome Explanation

• If they had not missed

would have gotten* to work on time. They missed the
missing not arriving at
• They would have gotten to work
on time if they had not missed

• If Andrew had not broken his leg,

he would not have missed the dance. He missed the dance
missing
• Andrew would not have missed the dance his leg.
if he had not broken his leg.

• If I’d remembered
I would’ve bought** you a present. forgetting
• I would’ve bought you a present
if I’d remembered

• If Maya hadn’t caught a cold,

she would’ve come over after school. She didn’t come
catching not
• Maya would’ve come over after school coming over
was sick.
if she hadn’t caught a cold.

*Note 1 **Note 2

participle form. For example, the past participle of

get gotten or got. Gotten is more common in
North America and got is more common in the UK.
would’ve
sounds like would of, would of is never correct!

! I would’ve
! I’d have
" I’d’ve (use in informal speaking only)
" I would of (never use)

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 Third Conditional
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Grammar Notes cont.

B. The Third Conditional cont.

Tip #1 Tip #4
if clause or the In the main clause, would can contract to ‘d with
main clause would have can
if clause is contract to would’ve and would not can contract to
comma. wouldn’t if clause,
had can contract to ‘d
• If they had prepared for their presentation,
and can contract to hadn’t

• If she hadn’t left her keys in the car,

• They wouldn’t have received such a bad score
she’d
if they had prepared for their presentation.
• I wouldn’t have had to cancel our
plans if my son hadn’t gotten sick.
Tip #2 • I would’ve gotten the invite on time
if I’d answered the phone.
Because the third conditional is often used to
express regrets, negative • If we hadn’t stopped for gas,
we would’ve
•
I .
Tip #5
•
I wouldn’t have had Could or might can replace would in the main clause
could’ve is
• I would never have been able to go to
common not might’ve is not.
your party if you hadn’t spoken to my parents.
• They could/might have made it to my party
if they had stopped to ask for directions.
# •
I could’ve helped
When speaking quickly, would have sounds like
woulda
woulda
following sentences: Tip #6
• combine tenses within the same
sentence if the situation calls for it. For example,
if clause
• I would have gone to the party
in the present.

• If he hadn’t forgotten to call me last night,

• If she had received your email,
today.
she would have replied.
• present situation
last week.

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 Third Conditional
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 1
MULTIPLE-CHOICE

too. 6.
disappointed if you with us.

1. If you me the money,

7. If Mya in such a hurry,
she wouldn’t have driven through a red light.

2. I wouldn’t have stayed at

that hotel if you it to me. 8.
he

3.
car accident if she 9.
if her phone .

4. If you me, I would have helped you.

10. They a nice night if it hadn’t rained.

5. very wet.

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 Third Conditional
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 2
FILL IN THE BLANKS

had studied harder, she would have passed .

(study) (pass)

1. it,
(miss)

he late for his appointment.

(be)

2. my address,
(know)

he me a postcard.
(send)

3. it
(buy)

if it a little cheaper .
(be)

4. them, they .
(invite) (go)

5.

If I ,I him.
(know) (visit)

6. warmer.
(go) (be)

7. I felt a little sick last night. I to the movies if I

(go) (feel)

8. Hiroku didn’t understand the homework. If he to the teacher’s instructions,

(listen)

he what to do.
(know)

9. I’m sorry I was late. I forgot to set my alarm clock last night. I
(get)

to the meeting on time if the alarm clock .

(ring)

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 Third Conditional
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 3
MATCHING

d 1. I would have said hello... if I hadn’t looked at my calendar.

2. I would have mailed the letter...
3. If I had seen the accident, ...
4. If I had planned a trip to France, ... if I had seen you.
5. I would have gone swimming.
6. The accident wouldn’t have happened... if I had had some stamps.
7. I would have cleaned my apartment... if I hadn’t washed it in hot water.
8. I would have tried to learn some French.
9. My sweater wouldn’t have shrunk... if I had known they were coming.
10.

Exercise 4
COMPLETE THE SENTENCES

Complete the following sentences using your own words.

I hadn’t just paid my rent.

1.

2. If I’d known it was going to rain,

3. If she hadn’t missed so many classes,

4.

5.

6. I would’ve had a party if

7. I’d have called you if

8. If I’d woken up earlier,

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 Third Conditional
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 5
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

Write a sentence using the third conditional for each of the following situations.

If they had taken the right road, they would have arrived on time.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

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 Third Conditional
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 5 cont.
7.

8.

9.

10.

Exercise 6
PAST REGRETS

Do you have any regrets? Find a partner and discuss a few things

Example

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 Third Conditional
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 7
COMPREHENSION

answer the questions that follow each one.

6.
we would have had a picnic. we wouldn’t have missed our appointment.

Yes
No

1. If you had come to the party, 7. If I had had a lot of homework last night,
you would have met my cousin. I wouldn’t have gone to the movies.

2. I wouldn’t have watched the movie 8.

if I had known it was scary. if he’d read the paper yesterday.

9.
3. If I’d known he was a careless driver, application deadline, I would’ve applied for it.
I wouldn’t have lent him my car.

4. If Professor Neville had taught the 10. You wouldn’t have had to rewrite your essay
history course, I would’ve taken it.

5.

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 Third Conditional
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 8
WHAT WOULD YOU HAVE DONE?

same thing and write out your explanation using the third conditional.

Example #1 Example #2
Mark saw a woman drowning in the lake. Mark saw a woman drowning in the lake.
He went to look for help. He went to look for help.

I wouldn’t have done that. If I had seen a woman I would have done that too. I’m not a strong swimmer,
drowning, I would have called 911 on my cell phone so if I’d seen a woman drowning, I would’ve tried
and then jumped into the water to try to save her.

1. Adele saw her friend cheating on a test. She told the teacher.

2.

3. Kayla went to a new restaurant. She didn’t like her meal, so she didn’t leave a tip.

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 Third Conditional
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 8 cont.
4.

5.

6.

7. Shen found a wallet with $1,000 in it. He kept the money.

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 Third Conditional
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 9
SURVEY

Complete the chart with answers in point form. Practice saying woulda

# Situation Classmate #1 Classmate #2 Classmate #3

1 cheating friend

7 wallet

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 Third Conditional
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 10
NOW YOU TELL ME!

Now
Practice saying woulda instead of would have when you can.

Example *Note
Now
late for work three times.

earlier, you woulda made it to work on time.

Now you tell me!

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7. I got lost yesterday.

8.

9.

10. I failed my test.

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 Third Conditional
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 11
WISH

1. I wish I had learned to speak several languages when I was young.

2. She wishes she had never met him.

3.

4.

5. I wish I hadn’t seen that horror movie.

6.

7. I wish I had taken my camera on our camping trip.

8.

9. I wish I had read the instructions more carefully.

10. I wish I hadn’t yelled at the children.

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 Third Conditional
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 12
THE GREAT CONDITIONAL CHALLENGE

Work in groups. Read the three if clauses

Choose one of the three clauses and then try
Example:
if clause you have If I had studied harder when I was in high school...

If I had studied harder when I was in high school,

“If” Clauses

1.

2.

3.

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 Third Conditional
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 13
MIXED CONDITIONALS

will stay home.

(stay)

1. I to the movies with you last week if I sick.

(go) (not/be)

2. If I were you, I her the truth.

(tell)

3. more careful, it wouldn’t have happened.

(be)

4. you,
(be)

I your reservation. You should go somewhere else.

(cancel)

5. sunny, I for a long walk.

(be) (go)

6. sunny,
(be)

I for a long walk. Instead, I stayed inside and read all day.
(go)

7.
(pick)

you up at the airport if you

(tell)

8.
(stay)

it. I’ll have to do it today.

9. I have to go to the store tomorrow. If you me what you need,

(tell)

I your groceries too. Then you won’t have to go out.

(get)

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 Third Conditional
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 13 cont.
10. You are such a good worker. If I were you, I
(ask)

11. it, I would call him right now.

(know)

12. there,
(be)

I it last night.
(know) (do)

13. The forecast is calling for rain. If it tomorrow,

(rain)

we the game and reschedule it for next week.

(cancel)

14. I you if I
(call) (know)

that you were going through such a hard time. Why didn’t you tell me?

15. If she taller, she

(be) (try out)

Exercise 14 Hint
FIND YOUR MATCH
clause to help you decide if it is
Your teacher will give you a strip of paper that has an if clause or a
conditional sentence. When you
on it. Walk around the classroom telling your classmates
listen to your classmates read
out their clauses, pay attention

meaning of the clause.

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 Third Conditional
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 15
QUIZ

1. 6. If we attention in class,
I to the hockey game.

2. She would study if there a test tomorrow. 7. He a new house

3. I shopping with you if I had any money.

8. They will go to the lake next weekend
if the weather nice.

4.
if Mark his report on time.
9. .

5.
. 10. I that if I were you. It’s expired.

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 Phonics & Pronunciation

/v/
1 Pronouncing /v/
Can you make the voiced /v/ sound?
Follow the steps below and look at the picture.

1 Place your front teeth on your bottom lip.

2 Push some air out.
3 Make a sound in your throat.

/v/

Copyright 2018, Red River Press Inc. For use by ESL Library members only. (VERSION 1.0) 1
 Grammar Practice Worksheets

Direct &
Reported Speech
Table of Contents
2 Grammar Notes
Direct & Reported Speech

6 Exercise 1
Punctuation

7 Exercise 2
Find the Error

8 Exercise 3
Reported to Direct Speech

9 Exercise 4
Direct to Reported Speech

10 Exercise 5
Direct to Reported Speech

11 Exercise 6
Find the Error

12 Exercise 7
Multiple-Choice

13 Exercise 8
Direct to Reported Speech

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 Direct & Reported Speech
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Grammar Notes
DIRECT & REPORTED SPEECH

A. Direct Speech

Position of
Instructions Examples
Quoted Speech

1. Place a comma after the subject and •

said, commented, added,
explained, yelled
• The professor said,
2.

at the 3. Begin the sentence or phrase inside the

• The candidate commented,
sentence
4. period,
, exclamation point •

5. • The coach screamed, “You

the punctuation.

•
1.

2. •

3. At the end of the sentence, place a comma,

at the
beginning of •
a sentence
4. Insert the second set of
after the comma. •
Laura pleaded.
5.
•

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 Direct & Reported Speech
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Grammar Notes cont.

A. Direct Speech cont.

Position of
Instructions Examples
Quoted Speech

•
1.

2. •

3.

•
split by the 4.
subject and
the verb •
5.

stated, “and go to the gym

6. Punctuate the end of the sentence.

•
7.

B. Indirect or Reported Speech

Back It Up!

backward

• !
• !

etc.

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 Direct & Reported Speech
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Grammar Notes cont.

B. Indirect or Reported Speech cont.

Direct Speech Tense Reported Speech Tense Example

Simple Present Simple Past “I love ! loved me.

“I am going !
He said that he was going to the party.

“I have already eaten !

Present Perfect Past Perfect
She said that she had already eaten.

Simple Past Past Perfect “I arrived ! had arrived on time.

“I was sleeping !
She said that she had been sleeping.

“You will have !

Simple Future Conditional
would have a test on Thursday.

“I will be traveling !
She said that she would be traveling to Spain.

“Eat !
My mother told me to eat

Can “You can eat !

Could
modal of ability The doctor said that I could eat

Could Could “It could rain !

modal of possibility no change She said that it could rain on the day of the big game.

Might Might “We might go !

modal of possibility no change They said that they might go

May “She may travel !

Might
modal of possibility He said that she might travel abroad in summer.

Should Should “You should eat !

modal of advice no change My mother said that I should eat

Must “You must complete !

Had To
modal of obligation My boss said that I had to complete

“She !
Had To
modal of obligation She said that she

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 Direct & Reported Speech
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Grammar Notes cont.

C. Notes

Note #1 Note #4
Use said

"

# Jim said me
• Ruth said that she loves me.

• me that she loves me.

Note #5
Note #2 Use told

" The teacher told me to come early.

# The teacher told to come early.

the simple present.

• My mother will say that she is

Note #6

Note #3
that used after the reporting
• Rosita told me not to eat

" Margo said that

"

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 Direct & Reported Speech
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 1
PUNCTUATION

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

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 Direct & Reported Speech
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 2
FIND THE ERROR

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

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 Direct & Reported Speech
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 3
REPORTED TO DIRECT SPEECH

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

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 Direct & Reported Speech
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 4
DIRECT TO REPORTED SPEECH

1.

Lisa said that

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

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 Direct & Reported Speech
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 5
DIRECT TO REPORTED SPEECH

1.

The professor said that

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

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 Direct & Reported Speech
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 6
FIND THE ERROR

1.

2. The doctor said me not eat so much beef.

3.

4.

5. Maria Pia said that she is not going to Colombia.

6.

7.

8.

9.

Elise said that she has already eat.

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 Direct & Reported Speech
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 7
MULTIPLE-CHOICE

1. . 6.
Samantha said .

2.
. 7.
Jesse said .

3.
the professor said. The professor said that . 8.
.

chance to raise our grades

4. 9.
. .

5.
. Ned said .

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 Direct & Reported Speech
Grammar Practice Worksheets

Exercise 8
DIRECT TO REPORTED SPEECH

1. 6.

John said that I

2. 7.

The teacher told us The teacher said that

3. 8.

Carlos said that he My father told me

4. 9.

My mother told me Bob said that he

5.

My brother explained that The governor predicted that

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 Phonics & Pronunciation

/v/
1 Pronouncing /v/
Can you make the voiced /v/ sound?
Follow the steps below and look at the picture.

1 Place your front teeth on your bottom lip.

2 Push some air out.
3 Make a sound in your throat.

/v/

Copyright 2018, Red River Press Inc. For use by ESL Library members only. (VERSION 1.0) 1