Chapter 6, Problem 6.

17

A cantilever WF aluminum alloy beam of yield strength Sy is loaded as shown in Figure P6.17. Using a
factor of safety of n, determine whether failure occurs according to the maximum shear stress criterion.
Given: Sy = 320 MPa, n = 2, Iz = 13.4 x 106 mm4

Figure P6.17

Chapter 6, Solution 6.17

Critical section is the one that is close to the support because the highest bending moment occurs there.
At this cross-section, possible critical points which may have the highest maximum shear should be
checked.
At all points, we have a plane stress state.

10.3
QB  102(10.3)(80  )  78.6 103 mm3
2
(80  10.3)
QC  QB  6.6(80  10.3)  94.6 103 mm3
2
M  (0.4)(60 103 )  60 103 Nm

Mc
Bending stresses: 
I
McA (24 10 )(0.08)
3
A   6
 143.3 106 Pa  143.3 MPa
Iz 13.4 10
McB (24 103 )(0.08  0.0103)
B   6
 124.8 106 Pa  124.8 MPa
Iz 13.4 10
C  0
VQ
Transverse shear stresses: 
Ib
A  0
VQB (60 103 )(78.6 103 )
B    53.3 MPa
I z bB (13.4 106 )(6.6)
VQC (60 103 )(94.6 103 )
C    64.2 MPa
I z bC (13.4 106 )(6.6)
S Sy
For failure according to MSS:  max  y or 1   3 
2n n
   x  y 
2

Maximum shear stresses:  max      xy

2

 2 
 x  y
  x  y 
2

Or we can find the principal stresses and use:  1,2       xy

2

2  2 
For A:  A  0 ,  A  143.3 MPa   1  143.3 MPa ,  3  0
143.3
 max, A   71.65 MPa
2
For B:  B  53.3 MPa ,  B  124.8 MPa
 124.8  0 
2

 max, B     53.3  82.06 MPa

2

 2 
For C:  C  64.2 MPa ,  C  0   1  0 ,  3  0
 max,C   C  64.2 MPa

Critical point is B with the highest maximum shear. So

Sy
82.1   max, B   80  Fails
2(2)

Chapter 6, Problem 6.18

Resolve Problem 6.17 applying the maximum energy of distortion theory.

Figure P6.17

Chapter 6, Solution 6.18

From Solution of P6.17, at point B:  B  53.3 MPa ,  B  124.8 MPa

For plane stress:  xy  53.3 MPa ,  x  124.8 MPa ,  y  0
1 1
Von Mises stress:     x 2   x y   y 2  3 xy 2  2  124.82  3(53.3)2  2  155.2 MPa
Sy 320
DE: 155.2       160  Safe
n 2
Chapter 6, Problem 6.37

An ASTM-A36 steel shaft of length L carries a torque T and its own weight per unit length w (see Table
B.1), as depicted in Figure P6.37. Determine the required shaft diameter D, using the maximum energy
of distortion criterion with a safety factor of n = 2.1.
Given: L = 6 m, T = 400 N · m
Assumption: The bearings at the ends act as simple supports.

Figure P6.37

Chapter 6, Solution 6.37

Table B.1: S y  250 MPa ,   7.86 Mg m3 , n  2.1

Shear force and bending moment on the shaft is given on the right. In
the midspan, moment is maximum and shear is zero. Let’s first check
this section. State of stress, at a point C at the bottom surface in the
midspan:

32M
C x 
 D3
16T

 D3

 D2
Weight per unit length: w  7860(9.81)  60559.38 D 2
4
2
wL
Bending moment: M max 
8
wL2
8  4  60559.38 D  6  2.78 10
32 2 2 6
Bending stress: x 
 D3  D3 D
16(400) 2.04 10 3
Torsional shear stress:   
D 3
D3
2
 Sy 
No failure according to DE:     x  3   
2 2

 n 
2 2 2
 2.78 106   2.04 103   250 106 
   3      D  34.34 mm
 D   D3   2.1 

At the left end, moment is zero and shear is maximum. Let’s also check this section. State of stress, at a
point E:
 E
   transverse   torsion

wL
Shear force: Vmax 
2
Transverse shear stress (circular cross-section):
wL
4V
16 8  60559.38 D 2  6
 tr    2   0.31 106
3A 3 D 2 3 D 2
16(400) 2.04 103
Torsional shear stress:  tor    
 D3 D3
2
 Sy  Sy
No failure according to DE:    3    
2
3  tr   tor  
 n  n
 2.04 103  250 106
3  0.31106    D  31.01 mm
 D3  2.1
Diameter for the solution at the midspan is higher, therefore point C in the midspan is the critical
location. Use a 35-mm diameter shaft.

If you think that it is possible to find higher von Mises stresses at any other point at any section, you
should check those points as well. For this problem, point C is where highest von Mises stress occurs.
Chapter 6, Problem 6.19

A thin-walled cylindrical pressure vessel of diameter d and constructed of structural steel with yield
strength Sy must withstand an internal pressure p. Calculate the wall thickness t required.

Given: Sy = 36 ksi, d = 20 in., p = 500 psi, n = 1.5

Design Decision: Use the following criteria:

(a) Maximum shear stress.

(b) Maximum energy of distortion.

Chapter 6, Solution 6.19

pdi p  di  t  pd
Eq.s 3.52-54:  t av  ,  t max  , l  i
2t 2t 4t
Diameter d is given, assume it is inner diameter.
No shear, normal stresses are principal stresses:
p  di  t  0.5  20  t  5  0.25t pd 0.5(20) 2.5
 1   t max   = , 2  l  i  = , 3  0
2t 2t t 4t 4t t
S 0.5  20  t  36
(a) 1   3  y    t  0.211 in.
n 2t 1.5

2
S 
(b)    1 2     y 
2
1
2
2
 n 
 5  0.25t  5  0.25t 2.5  2.5   36 
2 2 2

        t  0.182 in.
 t  t t  t   1.5 

Chapter 6, Problem P6.20

Redo Problem 6.19, if the vessel is made of a material having Su = 50 ksi and Suc = 90 ksi.

Design Decision: Apply the following theories:

(a) Maximum principal stress.

(b) Coulomb-Mohr.

Chapter 6, Solution P6.20

From Solution of P6.19:
5  0.25t 2.5
1  , 2  , 3  0
t t

Sut 5  0.25t 50
(a) 1     t  0.151 in.
n t 1.5

(b) For brittle Coulomb-Mohr, using Eq.5.31a:

S 5  0.25t 50
 1  ut    t  0.151 in.
n t 1.5
Chapter 6, Problem 24

The state of stress shown (Figure P6.24) occurs at a critical point in an ASTM A-48 gray cast iron
(Table B.1) component of a lawn mower. Calculate the factor of safety n with respect to fracture.

Figure P6.24

Design Decision: Apply the following criteria:

(a) Maximum principal stress. (MNS of Shigley)

(b) Coulomb-Mohr.

(c) Modified Mohr. (OG)

Chapter 6, Solution 24

Su  170 MPa Suc  650 MPa (Table B.1).

No stress on z-face, therefore plane stress state.
100  (50)  100  (50) 
2

Principal stresses:  A, B      (70)

2

2  2 
 A  127.6 MPa ,  B  77.6 MPa

Sut 170
(a) A   127.6   n  1.33
n n
S 650
 B   uc  -77.6    n  8.38
n n
Therefore, n  1.33

A B 1 127.6 77.6 1
(b) Eq.5.31b:       n  1.15
Sut Suc n 170 650 n

Sut 170
(c) Eq.5.32a: A   127.6   n  1.33
n n
Chapter 6, Problem 25

The state of stress shown (Figure P6.25) occurs at a critical point in an ASTM A-48 gray cast iron
(Table B.1) component of a lawn mower. Calculate the factor of safety n with respect to fracture.

Figure P6.25

Design Decision: Apply the following criteria:

(a) Maximum principal stress. (MNS of Shigley)

(b) Coulomb-Mohr.

(c) Modified Mohr. (OG)

Chapter 6, Solution 25

Table B.1: Su  170 MPa Suc  650 MPa

No shear stress on z-face, therefore  z  80 MPa is s principal stress. For others, the element can be
taken as a plane stress element in x-y plane.
120  60  120  60 
2

Principal stresses:  A, B      40
2

2  2 
 A  140 MPa ,  B  40 MPa
Therefore:  1  140 MPa ,  2  40 MPa ,  3  80 MPa

Sut 170
(a) 1   140   n  1.21
n n
S 650
 3   uc  -80    n  8.125
n n
Therefore, n  1.21

1 3 1 140 80 1
(b) Eq.5.31b:       n  1.06
Sut Suc n 170 650 n

Sut 170
(c) Eq.5.32a: 1   140   n  1.21
n n
Chapter 6, Problem 36

Figure P6.36 shows that a bracket arm of

length a is acted on by vertical loads W and F
at it free ends. The ASTM-A-242 high-strength
steel rod has diameter D, length L and shear
yield strength Ssy. Find the factor of safety n
for the rod using maximum shear stress theory
of failure.
Given: D = 2 in., L = 10 in., a = 12 in., W = 1.8
kips, F = 400 lb, Ssy = 30 ksi.

Chapter 6, Solution 36
Shear force and torque is constant along the rod, but bending moment is maximum at the cross-section
just near the wall, so this cross-section is critical. At this cross section, two points, A and B, should be
checked.

At the cross-section:
Bending moment: M max  W  F  L  1.8  0.4  (10)  22 kip.in
Shear force: V  W  F   (1.8  0.4)  2.2 kips
Torque: T  Wa  1.8(12)  21.6 kip.in

At A:
32M 32(22)
Bending stress: b    28.01 ksi
 D3   2 3
Torsional shear stress:
16T 16  21.6 
 tor     13.75 ksi
D   2
3 3

Plane stress state:

 x   b  28.01 ksi ,  z  0 ,  xz  13.75 ksi
   z 
2 2
 28.01 
 max   x  x z2      13.75  19.63 ksi
2
Maximum shear stress: 
 2   2 
Ssy 30
FoS acc. to MSS: n   1.53
 max 19.63

At B:
Transverse shear stress:
4V 16V 16(2.2)
 tr      2.80 ksi
3 D   2
2 2
3A
Torsional shear stress:
16T 16  21.6 
 tor     13.75 ksi
D   2
3 3

Plane stress state:

  x  0 ,  y  0 ,  xy   tor   tr  13.75  2.80  16.55 ksi
Maximum shear stress:  max   xy  16.55 ksi
Maximum shear is higher at A, therefore point A is critical and factor of safety for this point governs:
S sy 30
FoS acc. to MSS: n   1.53
 max, A 19.63