Universiti Teknologi MARA

Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences

ITT542– TCP/IP
Case Study 1 on Network Layer Protocols
Teamwork
Semester Oct 2021 – Due Friday 3/12/2021 (5pm)

Team Name
Case Study 1/2
# Team members Student ID % Work Signature Final
marks
1 MUHAMMAD AMMAR QUSHAIRY BIN MOHD ARIS 2020462512

2 AHMAD KAMAL BIN KAMIRUDDIN 2020455406

3 AZYYATI KHAIRINA BINTI ROSLI 2020492352

TOTAL TEAM MARKS:

(Total 100 marks)

 ITT542: CASE STUDY 1 ON NETWORK LAYER PROTOCOL

Total 100 Marks: 20% of the class assessment.

Due date Friday 3/12/2021 5pm.
Work Tasks:

1. Form a team of MAX 3 members.

2. Answer all the questions.
3. Submit as Ms Word document. PDF not accepted.
4. Late submission is NOT ACCEPTED. “0” (Zero) marks will be given to those who failed to
submit on time.

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ITT542 CASE STUDY 1 OCT2021/SAH
QUESTION 1: IPv4 ADDRESSING (30 marks)
1) Your company has been assigned the IP address of 201.222.5.0 and require having 20
subnets. As the company’s network administrator, find the following:

a. The subnet masks. (2m)

- 255.255.255.248
b. The number of useable subnets (1m)
-32
c. The subnetwork address for the 4th subnet (2m)
- 201.222.5.32
d. The first usable IP address for the 4th subnet (1m)
- 201.222.5.33
e. The last usable IP address for the 4th subnet (1m)
- 201.222.5.38
f. The broadcast address for the 4th subnet (1m)
- 201.222.5.39

2) A company has been assigned the 200.35.1.0/24 network block. The company wants to
have 20 hosts on each subnet.
a. Define an extended network prefix to meet this requirement (2m)
- 200.35.1.0/27
b. What is the maximum number of hosts that can be assigned to each subnet? (2m)
- 30 host excluding network address and broadcast address
c. What is the maximum number of subnets that can be defined? (2m)
- 8 subnets
d. Specify the subnets of 200.35.1.0/24 (8m)
- 200.35.1.0 0 subnet
- 200.35.1.32 1st subnet
- 200.35.1.64 2nd subnet
- 200.35.1.96 3rd subnet
- 200.35.1.128 4th subnet
- 200.35.1.160 5th subnet
- 200.35.1.192 6th subnet
- 200.35.1.224 7th subnet
e. List the range of host addresses that can be assigned to the 6th subnet. (4m)

- 200.35.1.193 – 200.35.1.222
f. What is the broadcast address for the 6th subnet? (2m)
- 200.35.1.223
g. What is the network address for the 6th subnet? (2m)
- 200.35.1.192

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ITT542 CASE STUDY 1 OCT2021/SAH
QUESTION 2: ROUTING TABLES (30 marks)
1) What is the purpose of IP routing table? (3m)
IP routing table contains the information necessary to forward a packet along the best path
towards its destination. Each packet is labelled with its origin and destination information.
The routing table gives the device instructions on how to send the packet to the next hop
on its network route.
2) Based on Figure 2, answer the following questions:

Figure 1

a. Find the routing table for R1. (4m)

CLASS DESTINATION NEXT HOP INTERFACE

B 145.80.0.0 ------------------ m1
B 170.14.0.0 ------------------ m2
-
A 111.0.0.0 ------------------ m0
-
C 192.16.7.0 111.15.17.32 m0

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ITT542 CASE STUDY 1 OCT2021/SAH
 b. Find the routing table for R2. (4m)

CLASS DESTINATION NEXT HOP INTERFACE

C 192.16.7.0 111.15.17.32 m1
B 145.80.0.0 111.25.19.20 m1
B 170.14.0.0 111.25.19.20 m1
A 111.0.0.0 ------------------ m1

c. Find the routing table for R3. (4m)

CLASS DESTINATION NEXT HOP INTERFACE

C 192.16.7.0 ------------------ m0
----
B 145.80.0.0 111.25.19.20 m1
B 170.14.0.0 111.25.19.20 m1
A 111.0.0.0 ------------------ m1

d. A packet arrives at router R1 with destination address 192.16.7.42. Show how it is

forwarded. (5m)

Destination address: 192.16.7.42

Binary: 11000000 00010000 00000111 00101010
Shift copy of address: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00001100
Destination network: Class C
Network address: 192.16.7.0
Next hop address: 111.15.17.32
Interface: m0

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ITT542 CASE STUDY 1 OCT2021/SAH
 e. A packet arrives at router R1 with destination address 145.80.14.26. Show how it
is forwarded. (5m)

Destination address: 145.80.14.26

Binary: 10010001 01010000 00001110 00011010
Shift copy of address: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00001001
Destination network: Class B
Network address: 145.80.0.0
Next hop address: -
Interface: m1
f. A packet arrives at router R1 with destination address 147.26.50.30. Show how it
is forwarded. (5m)

Destination address: 147.26.50.30

Binary: 10010011 00011010 00110010 00011110
Shift copy of address: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00001001
Destination network: Class B
Network address: 147.26.0.0
Next hop address: 111.30.31.18
Interface: m0

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ITT542 CASE STUDY 1 OCT2021/SAH
QUESTION 3: IP DATAGRAM (18 MARKS)

1) Internet Protocol (IP) is an unreliable and connectionless datagram protocol. Briefly explain.

Unreliable Connectionless

IP is an unreliable protocol since it does IP is a connectionless datagram protocol

not ensure that a datagram will arrive at because it does not maintain state
its intended destination. The top layer information about the connection to a
protocol such as TCP must offer
destination host. Each datagram is
reliability. Flow control, retransmission,
treated independently of other
acknowledgement and error recovery
are not supported by IP. datagrams and each datagram may travel
through different network pathways to
reach its destination.

(4 marks)
2) An IP datagram has arrived with the following information in the header (in hexadecimal):

49 00 05 DC 26 2E 20 B7 10 11 00 00 C0 0A 0C 0B 00 00 00 C0

a. State the version of this IP datagram (2m)

49 = 01001001
0100 in 01001001 = Version 4
b. Where is this IP datagram destined to? (2m)
The destination IP is 00 00 00 C0
c. Calculate the header length and the option. (if any) (2m)
1001 in 01001001 = 9
Header length = 9 × 4 = 36 bytes
Base header = 20 bytes
Option = 16 bytes
d. Justify if the packet has been fragmented. (2m)
IP Identification Number = 26 2E. (9774(base10)). (00100110001011102).
Fragment offset is 00. The Don’t Fragment (DF) bit isn’t set.
e. Calculate the size of data this packet is carrying. (2m)
Total of Length bits = 05 DC (0000 0101 1101 1100)
Total Length of fragment = 1500 bytes

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ITT542 CASE STUDY 1 OCT2021/SAH
f. Consider that this fragment is as of its maximum size fit for the MTU of the network it is
now in, what is the MTU value for this network? (2m)
MTU = C0 0A 0C 0B

g. Calculate how far the packet is allowed to travel to from this point before it is being
dropped.
(2m)
Finding TTLF (time-to-live-field, skip 8 bytes (16 hexadecimal digits)
Time-to-live-field is ninth byte, which is = 10
Meaning that the packet can travel 16 hops.

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ITT542 CASE STUDY 1 OCT2021/SAH
QUESTION 4: DYNAMIC ROUTING PROTOCOLS (22 MARKS)

1) Define the function of Garbage Collection Timer in RIP operation and state the duration of
the timer. (2m)

The function of the Garbage Collection Timer in RIP operation is it controls how long
before a route is completely flushed from the routing table. The duration of the timer is
120 seconds.

2) A routing table has currently twenty-five (25) entries. It does not receive information
about ten (10) routes for 185 seconds, however 100 seconds after that, came updates of 5
routes which was long-awaited. 10 seconds later, an update came for 1 more route from
the 10 mentioned routes. List the quantity of all the timers currently in use. State the time
(in seconds) running on the Garbage Collection Timer. (4m)

Periodic: 1
Expiration: 25 – 4 = 21
Garbage Collection: 4
GCT: 4

3) Based on Figure 2, construct the routing table for node A using the shortest path tree

protocol in OSPF. (16m)

2 G
B
6 7 I
A 1
2
2
3
4
4
C H F
1
4
3
D
1

Figure 2

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ITT542 CASE STUDY 1 OCT2021/SAH
Iteration A B C D E F G H I NEXT
1 0 2 3 * 4 * * * * B
2 0 2 3 4 4 6 * * * C
3 0 2 3 4 4 6 7 * * E
4 0 2 3 4 4 6 7 * * D
5 0 2 3 4 4 6 7 * * F
6 0 2 3 4 4 6 7 1 * G
7 0 2 3 4 4 6 7 1 * H
8 0 2 3 4 4 6 7 1 2 -

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ITT542 CASE STUDY 1 OCT2021/SAH