QUESTION AND ANSWER IGC2 CHAPTER 1

AND 2

Identify FOUR health effects of working outside in extreme

heat created by the sun. (4)
✓ Skin burns
✓ Dehydration
✓ Heat exhaustion
✓ Heat cramps
✓ Heat strokes
✓ Heat stress

Outline control measures that could be used to reduce the

effects of the sun on construction workers. (4)
✓ Medical pre-selection
✓ Acclimatization
✓ Cold Drinks
✓ Minimize Exposure
✓ Shielding and refuges
✓ Regular work breaks
✓ Suitable clothing
✓ Health Surveillance
✓ Mechanical aids
Outline prevention strategies an organization could
consider to reduce the risk of violence towards workers (8)
✓ Provision training on how to handle dangerous
situation and aggressive people, security systems
such as 24 hour security guards, CCTV systems,
call back systems particularly for lone workers,
arrangements for staff working late, change public
waiting areas, provision of escape routes

A large office is open to the public for enquiries and the risk
assessment has shown a significant risk of violence to workers
from visitors.
Outline measures that the employer could take to reduce the
risk. (8)

✓ Queue management and information (The time

customers have to spend waiting to pay – and their experiences in
the queue)
✓ Less face to face contact
✓ Use “cashless systems”
✓ Avoid lone working
✓ Call in systems for lone workers
Arrangements for Staff working late
✓ Employee training
✓ Change public waiting areas
✓ Provide staff with escape routes
✓ Video Cameras, alarms, visible security
✓ Protective screens/security codes
 ✓ Wider counters/higher floor staff side
✓ Security guard to be present at all times

Identify welfare and work environment requirements that

should be provided in a workplace. (8)
✓ Sanitary conveniences
✓ Washing facilities
✓ Drinking water
✓ Accommodation for clean clothing
✓ Facilities for changing clothing (men & women)
✓ Facilities for eating meals
✓ Facilities for resting
✓ Ambient temperature (heating & cooling)

A three meter deep trench has to be dug across a car

park.
Identify hazards associated with the work (10)
✓ Falls of equipment, persons and materials
✓ Collapse of excavation or structures near by
✓ Buried services
✓ Flooding
✓ Fire & explosion from gas leak
✓ Access And Egress
✓ Hazardous Atmospheres
✓ Undermining Adjacent Structures
✓ Contact with contaminated soil
✓ Carry out a risk assessment to identify the hazards and risks, the people who are exposed and
the control measures required.
 ✓ Nearby structures must not be undermined

✓ Procedures must be in place to deal with emergencies

✓ The type of soil needs to be assessed

✓ All personnel trained and competent

✓ Methods in place to prevent collapse e.g. battering, trench box (a structure that goes inside the
excavation to support (shoring) it),

Control measures that can be taken

when carrying out Excavations
✓ Precautions against flooding (pumps)
✓ Marked traffic routes should be clearly marked.
✓ Competent person to carry out an inspection
before filling in
✓ Workers should wear correct PPE
✓ Inspect at the start of every shift before work
starts
✓ Inspect after any event likely to affect the
strength
✓ Inspect after any accidental fall of rock earth or
other materials
Identify precautions necessary to prevent injury when working
in and around excavations. (8)

✓ Nearby structures must not be undermined

✓ Procedures must be in place to deal with
emergencies
✓ The type of soil needs to be assessed
✓ All personnel trained and competent
✓ Methods in place to prevent collapse e.g.
battering, trench box (a structure that goes inside
the excavation to support (shoring) it),
✓ Adequate lighting
Barriers and signs to prevent people and vehicles falling
into the excavation

✓ Precautions against flooding (pumps)

✓ Marked traffic routes should be clearly marked.
✓ Competent person to carry out an inspection before
filling in
✓ Workers should wear correct PPE
✓ Checks carried out to ensure the soil is not
contaminated
✓ Safe access and egress
List the Control measures when Working at Height
✓ Avoid working at height where possible
✓ Use work equipment or other measures to
prevent falls or reduce the distance of fall and
consequences.
✓ Ensure all work at height is properly planned
and organised
✓ Take into account weather conditions
✓ Ensure those involved are properly trained and
competent
✓ Place of work is safe, equipment is inspected
✓ The risk of fragile roofs and falling objects is
controlled

✓ Avoid working at height where possible

✓ Use work equipment or other measures to
prevent falls or reduce the distance of fall and
consequences.
✓ Ensure all work at height is properly planned
and organised
✓ Take into account weather conditions
✓ Ensure those involved are properly trained and
competent
✓ Place of work is safe, equipment is inspected
✓ The risk of fragile roofs and falling objects is
controlled
Repair work is to be carried out on the roof of a school.
Identify two control measures to reduce the risk to other people (2)
✓ Barricade the area to prevent unauthorized entry.

✓ Toe boards to be installed to prevent tools from falling and hitting people

✓ Install signage to warn pedestrians

Identify precautions that would need to be considered

before welding work can commence (8)
✓ Competent welders, trained and
experienced
✓ Correct equipment, pre-use check
✓ Permit to Work system is in place
✓ Barriers to prevent unauthorized entry into
welding area
✓ Warning and safety signage to be erected
✓ Dedicated safe area for welding that has
adequate ventilation e.g. LEV system
✓ Availability of fire extinguishers
✓ Provision of PPE to welders
✓ Avoid manual handling of heavy equipment,
use mechanical aid.
Identify ways in which accidents may be
prevented when using ladders as a
means of access
✓ The ladder is of the correct length/type & that it
is in good condition (e.g. not painted or
damaged).
✓ The ladder must be placed the right way up, on
firm ground & at the correct angle, securely
footed &/or tied, & positioned to avoid
over-reaching or contact with live cables.
✓ The base of the ladder should be protected from
collisions by people or vehicles.
✓ Users of the ladder should have suitable
footwear free from mud or grease & be provided
with means of keeping their hands free (e.g. tool
belts).
Outline the main hazards that may be
present during the demolition of a
building
✓ Hazards in demolition are generally from falling debris, and
masonry, premature collapse of the building,
✓ Falls from height or same level,
✓ Contact with underground and overhead services.
✓ Explosion and fire – use of explosives,
✓ Chemical and biological contamination, asbestos,
✓ Manual handling and
✓ Plant – collisions and toppling over.
✓ Health issues could also include noise and vibration
 Identify FOUR hazards that can cause trips or slips.(4)
✓ Trailing cables, torn carpet, uneven floor,
wet floor
Identify control measures that can be used to reduce the
risk of slips and trips. (4)
✓ Adequate lighting
✓ Eliminate the need to carry load that obstruct
vision
✓ Implement procedures to wear correct
footwear
✓ All floor surfaces to be made non-slip
✓ Maintenance of all floor surfaces

Identify the control measures to prevent slip and trip

hazards in an engineering workshop. (8)
✓ Adequate lighting
✓ Eliminate the need to carry load that obstruct
vision
✓ Implement procedures to wear correct
footwear
✓ All floor surfaces to be made non-slip
✓ Drip trays to be used to collect all dripping oil
during maintenance
✓ Implement spillage control procedures and
ensure all employees are trained on spillage
control and reporting
 ✓ All tools and car parts are to be removed to
storage when not in use and not left lying on
the floors of the workshop
✓ Maintenance of all floor surfaces
✓ Implement general good housekeeping
throughout the workshop to remove all
instruments, tools and parts to storage, all
spillage to be reported and cleaned, any
obstacles on walkways and doorways are to
be removed to storage.

Identify precautions that should be considered to prevent

accidents to children who may be tempted to gain access to a
construction site. (8)
✓ Fencing
✓ Hoardings
✓ Warning Signs
✓ Security Patrols
✓ Visiting Schools
✓ Viewing Panels
✓ Remove ladders
✓ Cover holes
✓ Hazardous substances to be stored away under lock and
key
Identify eight safe working practices
that should be considered to reduce the
risk when using a mobile tower
scaffold.
✓ Only to be used on firm, stable level ground
✓ To be moved only by pulling or pushing at the
base.
✓ Working platforms should be clear of men and
materials when the scaffold is being moved.
✓ Wheels should be turned outwards to provide
maximum base dimensions and wheel brakes
must be “on” and locked when the scaffold is
being used.
✓ Correct height to width ratio

✓ Diagonal bracing
✓ Working platform properly boarded and evenly
supported
✓ Working platform properly fitted with guardrails
and toe boards
✓ Not overloaded
✓ Properly secured access extending above
landing place
✓ Account taken of overhead obstructions/ power
lines
✓ Correct fittings and materials used
✓ Inspected every 7 days
CHAPTER 2

Identify the control measures that could be implemented to

reduce the risks to pedestrians in areas where vehicles
are maneuvering. (8)

▪ Segregation if possible
▪ Separate routes
▪ High visibility clothing
▪ Clearly marked routes
▪ Gangways suitable width and clearance
▪ Speed limits
▪ Alerting people to hazard

▪ Adequate lighting
▪ Clear direction signs and door marking
▪ Sharp bends avoided
▪ Good floor conditions with gentle gradients
▪ Sufficient parking
▪ Avoid reversing
▪ Alerting people to hazard
Outline the specific hazards associated with the use of
battery powered forklift trucks AND identify the precautions
in EACH case. (8)

Hazards
• Hydrogen gas
• Electrical short circuits
• Battery acids
• Manual handling
• Quiet operation

Precautions
• Ensure good ventilation and Eliminate sources
of ignition/smoking
• Insulated tools
• Use suitable PPE
• Use of lifting equipment
• Fit audible alarms and Flashing light
Identify control measures to reduce the risk of accidents
from reversing vehicles in the workplace

AVOID THE NEED FOR REVERSING

• Design and implement one-way systems
• Drive through systems
• Turning circles
If reversing cannot be avoided

IF REVERSING CANNOT BE AVOIDED

▪ Separation of vehicles and pedestrians (barriers etc.)
▪ Suitable workplace design
▪ Audible alarms for vehicles
▪ Suitable mirrors for vehicles and blind corners
▪ Ensure adequate lighting
▪ Banksmen
▪ Speed limit
▪ High visibility clothing
▪ Site rules/training
Identify eight ways in which Forklift truck may become
unstable during operation (8)
▪ Poor road surfaces – soft, greasy, uneven surfaces
▪ Poor environmental factors such as lighting, dust and
noise
▪ Speed limits not enforced or defined
▪ Poor or lack of regular maintenance and check up of
vehicles
▪ Poor training, untrained drivers and lack of regular
refresher trainings
▪ Being overloaded, unevenly loaded or carrying
unstable loads
▪ Travelling on gradients too steep
▪ Travelling forwards when descending slopes
Forklift trucks are operating in busy workplace.
Identify suitable control measures to reduce the
risk of collision with workers

• Develop site rules and enforce

• Segregate by defining pedestrian routes and vehicle routes
with barriers or road markings
• Safe pedestrian crossing points
• Separate doors and walkways
• Use of raised walkways (where appropriate)
• Clear vehicular routes
• Speed limits, traffic calming measures

• Monitor speed limit compliance and disciplinary

procedures.
• Maintaining good visibility (mirrors, lighting etc.)
• Audible warning on vehicles
• Provision of refuges
• Wearing of high visibility clothing
• Good standard of housekeeping
• Provide training and supervision
Outline precautions that should be taken when leaving a
fork lift truck unattended (8)

▪ Designated parking area

▪ Applying brakes
▪ Controls in neutral position
▪ Switch off engine
▪ Removing key and returning to responsible person
▪ Forks resting on floor
▪ Mast tilted slightly forward
▪ Not obstructing walkways
▪ Not obstructing fire exits/fire points

Identify possible causes of a mobile crane

overturning on a construction site.

▪ Poor road surfaces – soft, greasy, uneven surfaces

▪ Poor environmental factors such as lighting, dust and
noise
▪ Speed limits not enforced or defined
▪ Poor or lack of regular maintenance and check up of
vehicles
 ▪ Poor training, untrained drivers and lack of regular
refresher trainings
▪ Overloading of vehicles
▪ Vehicles carrying unstable loads

Identify possible causes of a mobile crane

overturning on a construction site. (8)

▪ Poor road surfaces – soft, greasy, uneven surfaces

▪ Poor environmental factors such as lighting, dust and
noise
▪ Speed limits not enforced or defined
▪ Poor or lack of regular maintenance and check up of
vehicles
▪ Poor training, untrained drivers and lack of regular
refresher trainings
▪ Overloading of vehicles
▪ Vehicles carrying unstable loads