Math 記 : 高中

1. Qudartic eqt

Rej
負 : 1. 開方 2. log x : x ≠ 0 or - 3. 5x > 0 ≠ 0
√ 5−x
=x3 LR ans 不同

If a +b i is root a – bi is another root

Sum of roots

Eqt > 0 or eqt < 0  no root  ∆ < 0

2 + 2 = (+)2 - 2

( - )2 = ( +)2 - 4

√¿ ¿
( - ) =

3+ 3 = (+) (2 -  + 2 ) = (+) ((+)2 - 3 )

3. Max min Graph

a c

a + smile

misconcept : (x+h)2 + k k not c

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b

1) sum of root = - b /a 2) x = - b / 2a

2) + - slope of y-intercept 超快

vertex / symmetry

h = - b / 2a 背 再代 出 k ( a + b /2 , not a – b / 2 )

y
y

α + β> 0 αβ α + β< 0 α β

x x
0 0
must > 0 > must 0

α + β> 0 αβ α + β< 0 α β

must < 0 must < 0

Completing square

Hard

y = - 5x2 – 15x + 3

y = - 5 (x2 – 3 x ) + 3
3 3
y = - 5 (x2 – 3 x + ( 2 ) 2 - ( 2 ) 2 ) + 3
3 3
y = - 5 (x - 2 ) 2 + ( - 5 x - ( 2 ) 2 ) + 3 最難 最多人錯

Log
Rule
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 log 入面唔可以 - / 0 log value 可以 – 用圖記

log 0 underfined

Log aa = 1
Log 2 23 = 3 log10 10 = 1 上下一樣 = 1
2log = 1 eg 2log 4 = 4
2 2

Base

Log 3 9 下細過上
Log3 32
Log 84 上細過下

1) formula log2 4 / log 28

2) log 8 8(2/3)

Y = mx + c

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 log c a
Log b a = log c b ❑ c 任插

Log graph

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1
ax ( a) x / a – x y- axis symmetry

loga x log1/a x / - loga x x-axis symmetry

3a

loga x vs ax x = y symmetry 隔開 對稱

ax > 0 loga x < 0 0 < x < 1 / log x > 0 x > 1

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3b

1/ ax vs log1/a x x = y symmetry 切開 x=y 對稱

整數 : x > y Log2 x > Log2 y

點數 : x > y Log0.5 x < Log0.5 y x 越大  Log0.5x 越小

1) 0.2 x  1/5x 2) 10-x  1/10x

ax : 越大 – 越近 y axis
log 10x : 越大 – 近 x axis

代點 : x = 0 代x=+ -

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6
 Log 2 x = - log 1/2 x

Factor + reminder
Concept

f (x) = (2x-2)Q + R = 2(x-1)Q+R

2x-2 is factor  x-1 is factor
f (x) = 2xQ + R
2x is factor and x is factor

f (x) = (x-1)Q + R = (1-x)(-Q)+ R

x-1 is factor and 1-x is factor
so 抽得 - 或 倍數

a f ( x ) = a (Q y + R )  a f ( x ) = a Q y + aR

f 乘  R乘 Q乘
f  3f R3R , 2/5 f  2/5 R / f  - f R-R

f + - k  R + - k Q 不變
f(x)+k=Qy+R+k

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Trigo

S 兜 period 360

4 part - 90 川 period 180

Trigo : quardant
sin -θ= - sin θ
tan -θ= - tan θ

cos - θ = cosθ

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A

第一步
90 270 變樣 / 180 360 保留 (不理+ or -)

Sin (90 ±θ
)  cos
θ Cos (90 ±θ
)  sin
θ

Sin (270 ±θ
)  cos
θ
Cos (270 ±θ
)  sin
θ

1 1
Tan (270 ±θ )  tan θ Tan (90 ±θ )  tan θ

第二步
睇象限
第一象限 : 90 - θ
第二象限 : 90 + θ / 180- θ
第三象限 : 180 + θ / 270- θ
第四象限 : 270 + θ / 360 - θ

7. Line
General form

ax + by + c = 0  y =
−a
b x + −c
b
−a −c
slope : b y intercept : b

8. Circle

Outside

C-C = R + r touch
C-C < r + R overlap
C-C > r + R far

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inside

C - C < R (大圓)
C –C may > or < 小圓 R
r + C - C = R touch

2 circle chord
R2 = r2 + half chord2 96/54
R2 = coordinate(= r ) 2 + half chord 2

9. Properties of circle
B
M

C
A

D N
AB // DC 記

10. Circle + Tang

2 pair 全等 : same angle + same length

Concyclic ( 90 vs 90 ) 背樣

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 互穿 C

2 個 90 度 silmiar 背
P B
T H
F
R E
O
x
M

K
A C
Q A N B D

雙 tang 推 R

單 TANG 90 背樣 // centre  alt

11. Sin law

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 B B

θ=sin 180−θ a a

30 o 30 o

A C A C
sin

13. 3D
Pyramid 椎体
Prism 柱体
Base 不一定 square may triangular

Tetrahedron 四面体 3 個三角形 未必邊長一樣

Regular 邊邊一樣 eg regular Tetrahedron 三邊一樣 60 度
Right triangular prism 直角

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16. Trigo Transformation

S 兜 period 360

period 180

1a) + A - A 出面加
整個 fcn 上下移

1b) B sin 出面乘

x 座標 不變 上下拉
- 上下反轉 (reflect about x-axis )
y 值乘 上下距離 x B eg x3 2  6

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2a) f ( + k ) 入面 +
成條左右移 + 左 - 右
記 : sin cos + - 180 = 反轉 - sin x = sin ( x ± 180 )

2b) f ( k ) 入面 X
Y 座標不變 : 釘左 Y 左右拉
k integer 行多次 PERIOD 小 k fraction 行少次 period 大
f ( - ) 左右反轉 ( along y axis )

陰 RANGE eg 360  180

Sin – x = - sinx cos x = cos – x

Confuse : f (kx) k>1  reduce

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17 Linear programming
穿0 : x>y x > 2y X > y 下面

18. AS GS

4 effect **
乘 加 / power / log e

乘 加:
AS : kT1 + a x 或 +  still AS
乘 : d  kd 加: d  d

GS : kT1
乘 : still GS , r same 加 : not GS

Power :
T1 2
AS  not AS
GS  GS rr2

Log :
AS  x AS log a log a+d log a+2d

GS  AS * log a log ar log ar2 d = log r

e:
AS  GS r:ed GS  x GS

GS  not GS
but r form GS eg r : 8ar-a 8 ar2-ar

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a, x1, x2, b 90/38 ( a+3d = b)

b –a
3
=d 插2 個  除3

A G Mean

3 個時用 背 – 頭 + 尾 / 頭乘尾

Tn = 1/2 ( T n-1 + T n+1 ) a a+d a+2d

Tn2 = T n-1 x T n+1 a ar ar2

19 Probability
not less than 3 include 3 ≥ 3

At least / at most 多數 1 -

Digit
X 0-9 : total 10 xx 00-99 : total 100
8 , 8  8a 8b

Prime no
1 2 3 5 7 11 13

Die sum
Die – sum x 2
because dice are different eg 8 26 62

6 6 一個 24 42 兩個

Conditional

1. Chart 唔洗公式

2a i P(A) + ii P (A and B)  iii P ( A | B ) 公式

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2b i P(A)  ii P ( A| B ) P (A and B) 唔俾 自己計 hard

3 P ( A| B ) P(A)  P (A and B)

20. Statistic
f  box m ↑  length ↓

Standard deviation
f
f
30
30
20 20

10 10

x x
-3 -1 1 3 -3 -1 1 3
越分開 SD 越大

Same shape  same sd

不理 mean value /constant 只理 difference with mean

Curve 左右移
{x , x+2 , x+4 , x +6 , x+8} {x +1 , x +3 , x+5 , x +7 , x+9}
and

Effect **
可用圖諗 明+背

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1) + - 1 no
Mean : > mean mean ↑
Median : > median median ↑
Mode : easy
Range : by calculate
Sd : = mean or median sd ↓ > < mean / median sd↑

2) + k to each term
Mean median mode : + k
Range : no change
Sd : no change

3) X k to each term
Mean median mode : x k
Range : x k
Sd xk var x k2
eg x3 2 4 6  6 12 18 difference ↑ sd x3 記
sample 32 (x-mean)2

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 初中
1.二進制
2 ---- L--- > 10 --- S --- > 16
2 < ---- S --- 10 < --- L--- 16
2 < — > 16 先經 10

1 = 2 0 = 16 0

137  23 x 17 = 23 x (16 +1 ) = 27 x 23

2 estimation

4. Ratio

1 1
a b
: =2:3 a:b=3:2

Fraction
3
X : Y = 3:4 1) z x in terms of y x= 4
y

2) x y z in terms of k
3) 反轉直代 最快 3X = 2Y x=2 y=3
Wrong : 直代 3 4

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Scale

Change unit any time change eg m2  100 x 100 cm2

A) Map area  actual area 4 cm2  1cm x 4cm  1x 500 x 4x500

B) actual area  Map area 400 m2  1 m x 400m  1/ 500 x 400/500

6. Percent
cpd interest 記得 減番 P

8. Inequality
( x – 4 )2 > 0 all real no
( x – 4 )2 < 0 no sol

1) a  b  and : x > b or : x > a

2)  a b and : no sol or : x < a or x > b

3) a  b and : a < x < b or : all real no

12 Transformation
假設原本的 coordinate 是 (x,y) OR (2,5)

90 度 clockwise (270 度 anti-clockwise) = (y, -x) OR (5, -2)

180 度 clockwise (180 度 anti-clockwise) = (-x, -y) OR (-2,-5)

270 度 clockwise (90 度 anti-clockwise) = (-y, x) OR (-5, 2)

加負號再調位 調前加

cube 10/23
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6 faces ( 3 pair face ) / 8 vertice / 12 edge ( 3 x 4 edge)

3 centre

4 diagonal

6 mid

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13 geometry

1 common + 1 same 背 AA  AAA

A
3
E 6

D
4
B C

B D C
 BAC = 90 o

 AD  BC.
3 pair similar

Rectangle

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 3 pair similar

l
15 Vol
A

h
r

h2 + r 2 = l 2

∂ R

2 Connection : a=2πr / R=l

A = ∂ / 360 x π R 2 = π r l not π R l ( curved surface A = sector A )

a = ∂ / 360 x 2 π R

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4 畢氏 : 2 height 1 base 1 side

連用兩次

Similar Vol

球: 必相似 one variable only

錐: 切開 : 相似 分開兩個 : 唔知系咪相似
柱: 切開 : 不相似 (同長) 分開兩個 : 唔知系咪相似 要長 闊 高 都不同
梯形 : 切開 : 唔知系咪相似 分開兩個 : 兩條成比例 + 四角一樣  相似

梯形切開  唔知系咪相似

16 Area ratio

trapezium : ABCD CDEF Not similar 05/43

一定 : 大 ∆ ratio : 小 ∆ ratio
Intercept ratio  intercept ratio
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X base ratio  intercept ratio

交錯 similar

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E
C
6

B D F

Similar + h 背樣

//  similar ∆
Same h  AE : EC = BE : ED = Area ABE : Area BEC 97/54
Side ratio < --> Area ratio 大招

Mid – pt thm

連用 二次 mid- pt + intercept
背樣 : ( 頭 + 尾 ) / 2 = 中間 10 /46

Tan 背
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 x tan y
Tan x = h / x tan y = h / y 背 y = tan x 反轉 10/26

2 pair similar

背樣

17 In center
Simple : centroid orthocenter
Hard : in – centre 圓入面 circumcentre 圓出面 二合一
3 pt collinear

Centroid
1) 2: 1

2) 2 triangle with same area

Centre coordinate : /3 /3

2 coordinate // x y axis  centroid x / y coordinate (除 2) Sample LQ

Orthocentre
Slope x slope = -1
Side on x y axis  推 vertex coordinate = orthocenter coordinate 08
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In – center : Circle in triangle

IM not R

1. R – 90
2. Tang cong tri ( angle = angle )

3 Area = 1 Area

Circumcentre
= orthocenter + centroid
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= oppositie of in-center

2招
Mid- pt
Slope x slope -1

In-center : circle inside circumcenter : out

Coordinate
Only centroid 直接找到 /3
Other : 踩 x or y axis 推 x y coordinate
Eg orthocenter on x  mid- pt 08/52

Inside outside
Centroid / in- center : must in triangle
Orthocenter / circumcenter : inside or outside ( obtuse must out 記 )

Centroid (因為一定要頂點隊落黎 ) in –center ( 因為圓入面)

position
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Isos - collinear 06
Circumcentre orthocenter centroid : always collinear
Perpendicular  in center orthocenter lie on
Perpendicular bisector  Circumcentre orthocenter centroid

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