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Worksheet: A ribose B α glucose C β glucose D

This document provides information about DNA structure and replication, transcription, translation, and the genetic code. It includes diagrams of DNA replication and the structure of tRNA. Key points are: - DNA carries the genetic code and replicates so each daughter cell has an identical genome. - Transcription uses one DNA strand as a template to make mRNA, which then has introns removed and exons joined. - Translation uses the mRNA anticodons to assemble amino acids in the correct order via the universal genetic code on ribosomes. - Gene transfer technology allows production of pharmaceutical human insulin in other organisms.

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Zaid Armoush
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91 views6 pages

Worksheet: A ribose B α glucose C β glucose D

This document provides information about DNA structure and replication, transcription, translation, and the genetic code. It includes diagrams of DNA replication and the structure of tRNA. Key points are: - DNA carries the genetic code and replicates so each daughter cell has an identical genome. - Transcription uses one DNA strand as a template to make mRNA, which then has introns removed and exons joined. - Translation uses the mRNA anticodons to assemble amino acids in the correct order via the universal genetic code on ribosomes. - Gene transfer technology allows production of pharmaceutical human insulin in other organisms.

Uploaded by

Zaid Armoush
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Biology SL Topic 2.

7 Worksheet

Worksheet
1. DNA is a very important molecule in living organisms as it carries the genetic code
that controls all characteristics. When a cell divides, the DNA molecule replicates so
that each resulting daughter cell is genetically identical to the original parent cell.

The diagram below shows part of this process of DNA replication.

For each of the statements below, put a cross in the box that corresponds to the correct statement
about DNA structure or DNA replication.

(a) The structure labelled J is


A ribose
B α glucose
C β glucose
D deoxyribose

(b) The structure labelled K is a


A phosphate group
B phosphorus atom
C sulphate group
D potassium atom
(c) The bond labelled L is a
A peptide bond
B phosphodiester bond
C hydrogen bond
D glycosidic bond

(d) The structure labelled M is a


A polynucleotide
B mononucleotide
C polypeptide
D mononucleoside

(e) If the base labelled N on the parent DNA molecule is adenine, the base labelled O on the new
DNA molecule is
A uracil
B guanine
C thymine
D cytosine

(f ) The bond labelled P is a


A peptide bond
B phosphodiester bond
C hydrogen bond
D glycosidic bond

2. Read through the following passage on protein synthesis, then write on the dotted lines the
most appropriate word or words to complete the passage.
Protein synthesis involves two stages. The first stage is transcription and takes place in the
nucleus of the cell.
During this stage, a molecule called mRNA is made using only one of the DNA strands which is
the
…………………….. DNA strand as a template. The sense strand has the ………………………..
base sequence as the
mRNA molecule. This process moves in the direction of …………………………..
Before leaving the nucleus, the ………………………… have to removed and the exons
………………………. Using the
enzyme ………………
3.The second stage of protein synthesis , known as translation , takes place in the cytoplasm of
the cell on structures called the ribosome . During this stage mRNA molecules with their
anticodons enable the amino acids attached to them to line up in the correct order. The amino
acids are joined together by the formation of peptide bonds.
Figure 1: Genetic Code

4. Use table 1 page 119 or figure 2 above to answer the following


a. Find three codons that are degenerate (codes for Valine )
GUG GUA GUC GUU
b. Find the 3 stop codons
UGA UAG UAA

c. Deduce the codons for the following amino acids


i. Tryptophan (Trp) UGG
ii. Tyrosine (Tyr) UAC UAU
iii. Arganine (Arg) CGG CGA CGU CGC

d. Deduce the amino acid sequences that correspond to these mRNA sequences
i. ACG Thr
ii. CACGGG His and Gly
iii. CGC GCG AGG Arg, Ala and Arg

e. If mRNA contains the base sequence CUC AUC GAA UAA CCC
i. Deduce the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide translated from the mRNA
Leu Ile Glu Stop Pro

ii. Deduce the base sequence of the antisense strand transcribed to produce the
mRNA
GAGTAGCTTATTGGG

This is an example of the universality of the genetic code allowing gene transfer between
species.

Figure 2: Production of human insulin

18. Outline the source and use of pharmaceutical insulin prior to the use of gene transfer
technology.
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19. Outline the benefits of using gene transfer technology in the production of pharmaceutical
insulin.
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8. Below is the structure of a tRNA molecule.

For each of the statements below, circle the correct answer .

(i) Part X binds to


A an amino acid for transcription
B an amino acid for translation
C mRNA for transcription
D mRNA for translation

(ii) Part Y is a
A glycosidic bond
B hydrogen bond
C peptide bond
D phosphodiester bond
(iii) Part Z binds to
A an amino acid during transcription
B an amino acid during translation
C mRNA during transcription
D mRNA during translation

(c) Using the information shown in the diagram, describe two ways in which the structure of a
tRNA molecule differs from the structure of a mRNA molecule.

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