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Vickers Hardness Test: Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology

The document describes the Vickers hardness test, which measures the hardness of a material by pressing an indenter shaped like a square-based pyramid into the material and measuring the size of the resulting indentation. It provides details on how the test is conducted, including using different loads, measuring the indentation diagonals, and calculating the Vickers hardness number. An experiment is described applying the Vickers hardness test to aluminum, brass, and mild steel samples under different loads, with the results showing mild steel as the hardest and aluminum as the softest of the three materials tested.

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Sarath Krishnan S
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91 views5 pages

Vickers Hardness Test: Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology

The document describes the Vickers hardness test, which measures the hardness of a material by pressing an indenter shaped like a square-based pyramid into the material and measuring the size of the resulting indentation. It provides details on how the test is conducted, including using different loads, measuring the indentation diagonals, and calculating the Vickers hardness number. An experiment is described applying the Vickers hardness test to aluminum, brass, and mild steel samples under different loads, with the results showing mild steel as the hardest and aluminum as the softest of the three materials tested.

Uploaded by

Sarath Krishnan S
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Vickers Hardness Test

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

MEMBERS

NARENDRA WANKHEDE (SC20B035)


YASH NITNAWARE (SC20B038)
SARATH KRISHNAN S (SC20B052)
SIDDHARTH KHANDWAY (SC20B057)
The Vickers hardness test was developed by
Introduction RL. Smith and Sandland in 1921 at Vickers
Ltd as an alternative to brinell hardness test
method to measure the hardness of the
material. The Vickers hardness test follows
the brinell principle, in that an indenter of
definite shape is pressed into the material to
be tested, then the load is removed and the
diagonals of the resulting indentation are
measured from these the hardness number
is calculated by dividing the load by the
surface
area of indentation.
The Vickers test is easier than other
hardness tests since the required
calculations are independent of the size of
the indenter and the indenter can be used
for all materials irrespective of hardness.

RELEVANT INDIAN STANDARD FOR VICKERS The angle between the two faces of
HARDNESS TEST : IS 1501:2002, method for diamond indenter used in Vickers hardness
Vickers hardness test for metallic materials. test is 136° and the faces makes an angle 22°
with the horizontal. The HV number is then
Theory determined by the ratio F/A, where F is the
force applied to the diamond in kilograms-
force and A is the surface area of the
The indenter is made of diamond and is in indentation in square millimeters.
the form of a square-based pyramid with an
A can be determined by the formula;
angle of 136° between faces. The faces of
diamond indenter are highly polished, and A = d²/2sin(136°/2) = d²/1.8544
the point is sharp. The loads applied vary Where d is the average length of the
from 1 to 120 kg; the standard loads are 5, diagonal in millimeters. Hence,
10, 20, 30, 50, 100, and 120 kg. For most
hardness testing, 50 kg is maximum. HV=F/A=(1.8544F/d²)kgf/mm²
The Vickers test can be used for all metals Where F is in kgf and d is in millimeters.
and is one of the widely used test among HV=0.1891(F/d2)GPa
hardness tests. The unit of hardness is
Where F is in N and d is in millimeters.
known as the VICKERS PYRAMID NUMBER
(HV) or DIAMOND PYRAMID HARDNESS
(DPH). The hardness number can be Vickers hardness number : expressed as
calculated by the load over the surface area xxxHVyy, e.g.440HV30, Where:
of the indentation. 440 is the hardness number,
HV gives the hardness scale (Vickers),
30 is the load used in kgf.
Vickers values are not dependent of the test
force: they will be same for 500gf and 50kgf,
as long as the force is at least 200 gf.
Test specimen :
Average Vickers hardness number =
The test should be carried out on a surface 142.46 kgf/mm²  142.46HV10
which is smooth, even, free from oxide,
foreign matter and lubricants. The thickness 2. Selected material : Brass
of the test piece or of the layer under test Load applied : 20 kg
shall be at least 1.5 times the diagonal Time : 15s
length of the indentation. For test piece of Trail Average Vickers Hardness
small cross section or of irregular shape, it diagonal number (1.8544F/d²)
may be necessary to provide some form of length(mm) kgf/mm²
additional support.
1 0.46 175.24
2 0.463 172.97
Apparatus
Average Vickers hardness number =
Vickers Hardness testing machine 174.10 kgf/mm²  174.10HV20

Experiment Method 3. Selected material : Mild Steel


Load applied : 30 kg
Take the required specimen and rub the Time : 15s
surface with a sand paper. Place the Trail Average Vickers Hardness
specimen on the anvil of the Vickers diagonal number (1.8544F/d²)
hardness testing machine and adjust the length(mm) kgf/mm²
height by rotating hand wheel. After keeping
the specimen correctly, the load to be 1 0.2715 754.56
applied on the specimen is adjusted by 2 0.2755 732.80
rotating the knob. Then set time up to which
the load has to be applied. After these steps, Average Vickers hardness number =
press the green button and wait until the red 743.68 kgf/mm²  743.68HV30
light glow. Then using the microscope,
measure the diameter of indentation. Conclusions
Repeat the experiment to get accurate
values and note the observations. Hardness of a material is not a measurable
value like yeild Strength. It is measured
with the help of certain apparatus and
Observations and Results numbers are assigned as a method to
compare the hardness of materials. In the
Vickers hardness test that is done here ,the
1. Selected material : Aluminium values obtained are larger than the
Load applied : 10 kg material's typical hardness number but it
Time : 15s still helps us to compare the hardness of the
Trail Average Vickers Hardness materials tested and we can recognize that
diagonal number (1.8544F/d²) among the three tested materials Mild steel
length(mm) kgf/mm² is the hardest, followed by Brass and then
Aluminium. The tests like Brinells hardness
1 0.36 143.06 test, Rockwell hardness test and Vickers
2 0.3615 141.87 hardness test helps to analyse the hardness
of different materials and to compare these
materials based on their hardness.

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