Factors Affecting Career Track and Strand Choices

International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 6, Issue 6, June 2016 51
ISSN 2250-3153
www.ijsrp.org
Factors Affecting Career Track and Strand Choices of Grade 9 Students in the Division of
Antipolo and Rizal, Philippines
Juan O. Abarro
Researcher
Abstract
-
The main purpose of the study was to craft a Senior High School program offerings of University
of Rizal System. It made use of the Descriptive Survey Method. Findings showed that most of
the Grade 9 students selected Career Tracks and Strands are Accountancy, Business and
Management (ABM), and Technical Vocational Livelihood (TVL) track. Moreover, there is a
significant association between the career track choices and profile of the students in terms of
sex, average family income, occupation of the head of the family, school preference and average
scholastic rating in Grade 8 and no significant association between the career track choices and
the highest educational attainment of the head of the family and person influential in the choice
of career track.

Index Terms
- career tracks choices, factors affecting career track choices, grade 9 students I.

I
NTRODUCTION
ne significant reform in Philippine Educational System is the implementation of K to 12
program. Its goal is for the “development of a holistically developed Filipino with the 21
st
century skills who are ready for employment, entrepreneurship, middle level skills development
and higher education upon graduation from Grade 12” (The K to 12 Basic Education Program,
2012). The structure of K to 12 implementation which provides addition of two (2) years level
from the old system which are Grades 11 and 12 which the students will take core courses and
career pathways. This will result to no enrollment in first year and second year college which
will be a big challenge to colleges and universities during the School Year 2017-2018 and 2018-
2019. The offering of Career Tracks in Grades 11 and 12 could be an avenue for colleges and
universities to collaborate with the Department of Education (DepEd). In this way, resources of
colleges and universities who have no enrollees can utilize their resources to the maximum level.
In view of the need to help colleges and universities in the province of Rizal address this
challenging situation and come up with the necessary initiatives, this study on Factors Affecting
Career Tracks Choices of Grade 9 students was conducted. II.

OBJECTIVES The main purpose of the study was to craft a program for Senior High School
program in the University of Rizal System. Specifically, it sought determine the following: 1.

The career tracks and strands selected by the Grade 9 students in public high school in the
Division of Antipolo City and Rizal. 2.

Variables associated with the career racks and strands selected by the students. III.

REVIEW

OF

RELATED

LITERATURE The literature sought develop a Senior High School program of the University of
Rizal System through the determination of career track choices and its relationships to the
profile of grade 9 students
Career Choice Tracks of Grade 9 Students
The choice of Career Tracks of the students play a great role in the preparations of the schedule
for the Senior High School. These career tracks are associated with career preferences which
were the bases in the conduct of the present study. Career preferences as defined by Martinez
and Fuller (1999) pertains to the identification of one’s work schedules and activities in relation
to individual’s abilities, skills, competencies and with the assistance of management in order that
he can take greater job and personal responsibility for his future. In other words, this is a
preferred career choice of an individual that should be decided ahead of time. In an article on
“What is Most Important to Students by Duffy and Sedlacek from 1995 to 2004 revealed that
male preferred to select careers which will generate money and female would like to select
career which will concentrate on working with people and those which can contribute to society.
Association of the Career Track Choices and Profile of the Respondents
Witko, Bernes, Magnusson and Bardick (2006) studies on senior high school students'
occupational aspirations found out that interests, skill, personal meaning, challenges and parental
support are variables contributory to the occupational aspirations of senior high school students.
In like manner with the study of La (2009) on factors influencing the educational and career
choices of senior high school students revealed that parent’ supports, school structure, gender
and grade point average have considerable influence on the Vietnamese Senior high school
students’ educational and career choice. In same year, Leonard (2009) study on high school
students' course selection decisions in south Carolina found out that parents and teachers are
highly
O

ISSN 2250-3153
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influential in the course selection decision. In addition, Heilbronner (2011) claimed that the
greater number of the students manifested to proceed to STEM courses in college. This is
brought about with the quality, adequacy of preparations and scholastic experiences of the
students. Eremie, (2014) study on comparative analysis of factors influencing career choices
among senior secondary school students in Rivers State, Nigeria. The result showed that there
were significant differences in the career preferences when grouped according to their sex,
parity, and parental influence. In addition, socio-economic background were influential in
participants' decisions to pursue a postsecondary degree. Cultural factors, especially English
fluency, were also relevant. Local communities and institutional factors had generally a negative
impacts on career choice of the students. IV.

METHODOLOGY The study made use of the descriptive method of research utilizing a the
survey checklist developed to attain the objectives of the study. The subjects of the study were
the 761 students in public high schools in the Division of Antipolo and Rizal. The students were
distributed to 383 and 378 randomly selected from public high schools in the Division of
Antipolo and Rizal respectively. The data were treated using frequency and percentage
distribution and Chi-Square test. V.

RESULTS
Career tracks choices of the Grade 9 students enrolled in public high schools in the Division of
Antipolo and Rizal Table I. Distribution of Career Track Choices of Grade 9 Students of the
Division of Antipolo and Rizal Career Tracks Strands Frequency Percent Rank
Academic Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) 79 10.38 6 Humanities
and Social Sciences (HumSS) 92 12.09 3 Accountancy, Business and Management 164 21.55 1
General Academic Strand (GAS) 40 5.26 7 Technical-Vocational Livelihood Home Economics
(HE) 152 19.97 2 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) 91 11.96 4 Agri-Fishery
(AF) 27 3.55 8 Industrial Arts (IA) 83 10.91 5 Arts 13 1.71 10 Sports 20 2.63 9
Total 761 100 Table II. Chi-Square Value on the Association of the Profile and Career Track
Choices of Grade 9 Students Variables Df Critical
X
2
Value Computed
X
2
Value Verbal Interpretation
Sex 9 16.92 83.85 Significant Highest Educational Attainment of the Head of the Family 72
90.53 4.0 Not Significant Persons Influential in the Choice of Career Track 45 55.76 53.51 Not
Significant Average Monthly Family Income 36 55.76 498.30 Significant School Preference 18
28.87 46.54 Significant Occupation of the Head of the Family 45 55.76 97.11 Significant
Average Scholastic Rating in Grade 8 54 67.50 584.77 Significant VI.

DISCUSSIONS As presented in Table 1, Academic track with a strand Accountancy, Business
and Management (ABM) has the highest frequency of 164 or 21.55% which is the first rank
followed by Technical-Vocational Livelihood (TVL) track with a strand of Home Economics
with frequency of 152 or 19.97% which is second in rank. On the other hand, Arts track has the
lowest frequency of 13 or 1.71% which is tenth rank. The result indicates that majority of the
Grade 9 students prefer to take

ISSN 2250-3153
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Accountancy, Business and Management; and Technical-Vocational Livelihood track with strand
of Home Economics in the Senior High School. As shown in Table 2, the computed Chi-Square
value on the association between the career track and strand choices and the profile of the
students in terms of sex, average family income, occupation of the head of the family and
average scholastic rating in Grade 8 have greater computed Chi-Square values than the critical
values considered to be significant. The data implies that the profile of the students in terms of
sex, average family income, occupation of the head of the family and average scholastic rating in
Grade 8 are associated to the career track choices of the students who will enroll in the Senior
High School. On the other hand, the Chi-square Computed value on the career track choices and
profile of grade 9 students in terms of highest educational attainment of the head of the family
and person influential in the choice of career track have the lowest computed Chi-Square values
compared to Critical values. The result emphasizes that there is no significant association
between the career choice and the profile of the students in terms of the highest educational
attainment of the head of the family and person influential in the choice of career track. VII.

CONCLUSIONS Most number of Grade 9 students are inclined to take Accountancy, Business
and Accountancy (ABM) courses in Senior High School and in the college level. The result
implies that sex, average monthly family income, school preference, occupation of the head of
the family and average scholastic ratings in the preceding years are factors associated to the
career track choices of the students, while highest educational attainment of the head of the
family and persons influential in the choice of career track are not associated with the Career
Track Choices. R
EFERENCES

[1]

Duffy, R. and Sedlacek, W. (2007). What is most important to student’s long-term career
choices. Analyzing 10-year trends and group differences. Journal of Career Development, 34,
149–163. [2]

Eremie, M. D. (2014). Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (Oman
Chapter),4(4), 20-25. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1623233680?
accountid=173015 [3]

Hartsell, J. H. (2011). Factors affecting private school choice (Order No. 3491804). Available
from ProQuest Central; ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (916377010). Retrieved from
http://search.proquest.com/docview/916377010?accountid=173015 [4]

Heilbronner, N. N. (2011). Stepping onto the STEM pathway: Factors affecting talented
students’ declaration of STEM majors in college. Journal for the Education of the Gifted, 34,
876–899 [5]

La, T. T. (2009). Factors influencing the educational and career choices of senior high school
students: A case study in vietnam(Order No. 3378315). Available from ProQuest Dissertations &
Theses Global. (304894212). Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/304894212?
accountid=173015 [6]

Leonard, R. A. (2009). High school students' course selection decisions in south carolina: The
influence of education professionals, parents, peers, and academic performance (Order No.
3421346). Available from ProQuest Central; ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.
(751895135). Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/751895135?accountid=173015
[7]

Martirez, C. R. and Galileo S. Fuller. Management in Human Behavior in Organization (2nd
ed.).Philippines: Rex Book Store. 1999. [8]

Witko, K. D., Bernes, K. B., Magnusson, K. C., & Bardick, A. D. (2006). Senior high students’
career plans for the future: Outcomes of the comprehensive career need survey in Southern
Alberta, Canada. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 6(2), 77–94. [9]

Department of Education. (2012). The K to 12 Basic Education Program.
A
UTHORS

First Author
– Dr. Juan Ogana Abarro; Associate Professor III and designated as Director, Center for General
Education and K to 12, University of Rizal System, Rizal, Philippines;
[email protected]
Correspondence Author
– Dr. Juan O. Abarro, [email protected],
FACTORS AFFECTING CHOICE OF CAREER AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL

STUDENTS IN ESAN NORTH EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE.
ABSTRACT
This study is aimed at identifying the factors affecting career choice among senior
secondary schools students in Esan North East Local Government Area of Edo State.
The instrument used for collection of data or information in this research is mainly the
questionnaires. The questionnaires were distributed to one hundred and sixty
respondents selected.
To test the validity of the stated research questions from their respondents it was
discovered that many of the option career choice education should be introduced in
senior secondary schools in Esan North East local government area. Some findings
were also made in this research, which will be of great benefit to the students in the
need to establish guidance and counselling facilities centres in senior secondary
schools.
In conclusion, the presence of guidance and counselling facilities centres in
secondary schools will help to solve career choice problems facing the students.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
DEFINITION OF TERMS
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
CONCEPT OF CAREER CHOICE
THEORIES OF CAREER CHOICE
FACTORS AFFECTING CHOICE OF CAREER

SUMMARY
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
POPULATION
INSTRUMENTATION FOR DATA COLLECTION
VALIDITY OF INSTRUMENT
METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS, INTERPRETATION AND FINDINGS
DISCUSSION
SUMMARY
CHAPTER FIVE
RECOMMENDATION
CONCLUSION
RECOMMENDATIONS
REFERENCES
QUESTIONNAIRE
CHAPTER ONE
BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Career selection is one of the main important choice in students plans. This
choice of decision will have impact on them throughout their lives. The essence of who
the students are, will revolve around what the students wants to do with his or her
greatest blessings. Everyone is always eager to have honest occupation. The way the
students perceive their environment for example, students who have hired on an island
may choose a career dealing with water or they may choose to leave the island behind
and never to have any thing to do with water again.
Parents’ educational and occupational background may affect students choice of

career because some students may contemplate on whether to continue with their
parents occupation or not. What the students see in the television also may affect their
career choice some careers demand that you have the personality to match the
qualities of the occupation. For these reasons the necessity of a guidance counsellor on
schools cannot be over emphasized. A career guidance counsellor is needed to
unreliable and dangerous source in search of career information such as culture peer
groups which can lead to their graduating into armed robbery and other criminal
business unintentionally. This study will be carried out in Esan North East Local
Government Area of Edo State will be useful to the guidance counsellors in assisting
senior students in their career also help the ministry of education in curriculum planning
to widen the students career choice opportunities through curriculum content of
educational system.
Tuche (2002) is right in suggesting that the students should think of their career
in senior secondary schools in so doing they need career guidance. Ipaye (1983) refers
to the need for one to discuss with one peers, school counsellors, parents and teachers
on the need to choose a life span work as “career convention or career conferences”.
However, career convention according to him is an instrument of career information.
This occur for a number of reasons, which include the following:
a. To stimulate career thinking and widen occupational horizon.
b. To focus attention on particular jobs in other to help an individual crystallize

his preference and
c. To create a situation in which parents can on one hand meet the employers
and discuss the opportunities they offer and on other hand meet the career
teachers or career officers with whom they can exchange views.
The factors that may influence choice of career includes:
i. Socio economic factors
ii. Personal or family factors
iii. Cultural factors which include schools, peer group and age groups.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
1. What are the possible causes or factors affecting the choice of career among
secondary school students in Esan North East local government area of Edo
State?
2. How significant has this contribution been over the years?
3. To what extent has private sectors investment actually affected the choice of
career among secondary school students.
4. What is actually the contribution of both private and public secondary schools
on the choice of career of secondary school students?
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. Is there any need for learning career choice in senior secondary school?
2. If there is reasons for reading career choice in schools, is it of benefit to the
students?
3. How does career choice affect the academic performance of students?
4. Does student’s choice of career influence by their peer group?
5. What are the factors responsible for a student’s wrong choice of career?
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The main purpose of the study is an attempt to examine the factors affecting the
choice of career among secondary school students in Esan North East local
government area of Edo State. It will also examine what extent the factors affecting the
choice of career will aid the students positive or at times negatively.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The importance of this research work is to find to what extent the factors affecting
choice will influence the students choice of career and the attendance performance of
students on the subject’s that would lead them successfully towards this occupation as
a life time endeavour.
a. It will enable the researcher give recommendations to the students on their
choice of career.
b. It will enable the researcher make necessary recommendations to the

parents about their children mildness to advice given to them on their choice of
career.
c. It will enable the researcher make recommendations to school
administrations.
d. It will enable the researcher make concrete recommendations to the

government about the choice of career among secondary schools students
especially now that the rate of unemployment is high.
e. The findings will enable the researcher to make recommendations to further
researchers on the issue of career prospects.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The research work limit itself to factors affecting the choice of career among
secondary schools students in Esan North East Local Government Area of Edo State.
This research will cover five randomly selected secondary schools in Esan North
East Local Government Area of Edo State. Four of which are public and one is private.
The schools randomly selected include the followings.
1. Igba Grammar school
2. Egbele secondary school
3. Efandion grammar school
4. Ubiagia secondary school
5. Ukong mixed secondary school
6. Aladies of lus
7. Ewaito secondary school
8. Okpugie grammar school
DEFINITION OF TERMS
CAREER - A chosen pursuit or course of business activity or enterprise, especially
one's professional life or employment that offers advancement and honour.
EFFECT – To produce a change in somebody or something.
INFLUENCE- The power that somebody or something has a mark somebody or

something behind a particular way of the influence a parents on choice of career of their
children.
PROSPECT: The chances of being successful good job/employment/career prospect.
SCHOOL: The school is a place where children need to be educated. The process of
learning in a school; the time during your life when you go to school.
EXAMINATION – A formal written spoken or practical test, especially at school or

colleges to see how much you know about a subject or what you can do to take an
exam (forma) to sit for an exam to pass so fat an exam.
SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS: These students general are in the

average age range of 15-18 years and they are in SSS 1-SSS 3 classes.
GOVERNMENT: The group of people who govern a country or a state.
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FACTORS AFFECTING CAREER CHOICE OF STUDENTS IN MABAMA
DAMIAN II A. ABAYON
THESIS OUTLINE SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF

THE SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES AGRI – BUSINESS
AND MARINE AND AQUATIC SCHOOL OF
TECHNOLOGY, MATTI, DIGOS CITY,
IN THE FULFILLMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
DEGREE OF
MASTER OF ARTS IN EDUCATION

(Educational Administration)
OCTOBER 2012
APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis entitled “FACTORS AFFECTING CAREER CHOICE OF STUDENTS IN
MABAMA” prepared and submitted by DAMIAN II A. ABAYON in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Education, is hereby accepted.
ZANDRO P. IBAŇEZ Ed.DHELEN W. NOEL Ph.D

Member Member
_________________________________________
Date Signed Date Signed
AUGIE E. FUENTES Ph.D. NILA NANETTE S. REVILLA Ph.D

Adviser Chairman
___________________________________________
Date Signed Date Signed
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Arts
in Education
CESARA. LIMBAGA JR., Ph.D.

Collge Dean
College of Agricultural Sciences
Southern Philippines Agri – Business and Marine and Aquatic School of Technology
(SPAMAST), Matti, Digos City
____________________
Date Signed
CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
Career choice is one of the many important decisions the student will make in determining plans.
This decision will affect them throughout their lives. The essence of who the student is will
revolve around what the student needs to do with their lifelong work.
Career choices are free opportunity to select a desired career. It is also a decision – making in a
confusing situation, which occurs during the senior year of high school level. When one is
confused in choosing a career, they rely on their friends and relatives on what to decide. They
were confused in a sense that they cannot make their own decision and not yet ready to get into
college. Such as when a student is disorient in their chosen course will result in decreasing
eagerness on that particular field. They decide to transfer into another school or to shift another
course that really fits their own interest.
In the Philippines, upon graduation from high school, students faced with the challenge of
selecting and potentially preparing for a career. Making a well – informed career choice is almost
equally challenging and important. By considering the factors that impact’s the career choices of
an individual graduating from high school. The components of the student support system
includes parents, relatives, siblings, peers and school guidance counselor are very significantly
affect the career choice of a student. A child can be influence by their parent occupation, values,
interest and specialization in making their career choice.
Every parent has a tendency to force their choice on their child. Choosing a career can make
great differences in your life. Parent educational attainment affects children decision in choosing
a career in future, some of them use these factors as their basis in choosing their own career.
Parent’s educational attainment and family size of income are related, indirectly to children
achievement through the parent’s educational expectations.
Childhood can also have an effect on career choice. There are children aspire what they want to
become when they grow and they tend to follow that childhood aspiration so that they can
accomplish their childhood career aspiration. Size of income of the family provides also an
answer in choosing a career. A career might be intellectually rewarding as well as personally
fulfilling if the family has an exact financial support in achieving a career.
As of now, many senior high school students suffer...
actors Affecting Career Preferences of Senior High School Students
An Undergraduate Thesis
Presented to the
Faculty of Asian Computer College-Mayapa
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Fourth Year Students
Presented By:
Aizel Hernandez
Benpar Lo Reyes
Jhose Mariz De Roca
January 2012
APPROVAL SHEET
In partial fulfillment of the requirements in Technical Writing, this thesis entitled “ Factors
Affecting Career Preferences of Senior High School Student” has been prepared by Aizel
Hernandez, Benpar Lo Reyes, and Jhose Mariz De Roca who are hereby recommended for oral
defense. ___________________________________________
Date Mrs. Weng Dela Peña
Approved by the Panelist Committee:

____________________ ______________________ Panel Panel
_____________________
Panel
Accepted By:
_______________________________________
Date Mrs. Myra Caritos- Ricalde
TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER I
The Problem and Its Background
INTRODUCTION
Our country suffers from multifarious crisis such as socioeconomic crisis, political crisis, and as
well as financial crisis which is greatly affected by global economic crisis. Despite of all these
crises, Filipinos are imaginative, creative, and courageous to surpass these obstacles in everyday
life. Even though there are some companies affected by these crises which they are force to
decrease their employees called as “recession”, some of them have job openings that offer new
career opportunities to graduated college students. These job openings also offers a new
challenge into their life – a great responsibility lies to his hand that someday will help his family
strive to achieve wealthiest, use his acquired knowledge and skills when he engage into a job,
and acted as one of the reinforcements in industry that would further improved the depleting
economy of the country. All of these come first from wishes and aspirations that arises during
childhood years that someday he or she will become a doctor, an architect, a teacher, a police, or
an attorney to help those seek needs and help their family to ascend into poverty. According to
Ginzberg and his associates, during the fantasy period play gradually becomes work-oriented and
reflects initial preferences for certain kind of activities. This stage is the preparation for a child’s
highly organized social life they will be required to adjust when they enter the first grade.
Career preferences are free opportunity to select a desired career. It is also a decision-making in
a confusing situation which occurs during the senior year of high school level. When one is
confused in choosing a career, he relies on his friends and relatives. He was confused in a sense
that he cannot make his own decision and not yet ready to get into college. According to
Tiedemann, career development unfolds within the general process of cognitive development as
one resolves ego-relevant crises. He further noted out those decision-making is a continuous
process in which individuals will change their courses of career action, generally by leaving a
setting or environment. Such as when a student is disoriented in his course he has been taken that
will result in decreasing eagerness on that particular field. He decides to transfer in another
school or to shift another course that really fits his own interest and. When one is unstable in
making decision, these disoriented strategy may be repeated until achieve different bachelor’s
degree which can be a major distraction of one’s future job. Super also considered indecisiveness
as a period of developmental process when interest was not fully crystallized. Therefore, this
study intends to determine the factors affecting career preferences among senior high school
students. This factors that serve as...
--------------------
My thesis proposal
1. 1. CHAPTER 1 The Problem and It’s Background <ul><li>Introduction

2. 2. Our country suffers from multifarious crisis such as socioeconomic crisis, political
crisis, and as well as financial crisis which is greatly affected by global economic crisis.
Despite of all these crises, Filipinos are imaginative, creative, and courageous to surpass
these obstacles in everyday life. Even though there are some companies affected by these
crises which they are force to decrease their employees called as “recession”, some of
them have job openings that offer new career opportunities to graduated college students.
These job openings also offers a new challenge into their life – a great responsibility lies
to his hand that someday will help his family strive to achieve wealthiest, use his
acquired knowledge and skills when he engage into a job, and acted as one of the
reinforcements in industry that would further improved the depleting economy of the
country. All of these, comes first from wishes and aspirations that arises during childhood
years that someday he or she will become a doctor, an architect, a teacher, a police, or an
attorney to help those seek needs and help their family to ascend into poverty. According
to Ginzberg and his associates , during the fantasy period play gradually becomes work-
oriented and reflects initial preferences for certain kind of activities. This stage is the
preparation for a child’s highly organized social life they will be required to adjust when
they enter the first grade.
3. 3. Career preferences are free opportunity to select a desired career. It is also a decision-
making in a confusing situation which occurs during the senior year of high school level.
When one is confused in choosing a career, he relies on his friends and relatives. He was
confused in a sense that he cannot make his own decision and not yet ready to get into
college. According to Tiedeman , career development unfolds within the general process
of cognitive development as one resolves ego-relevant crises. He further noted out that
decision-making ais a continuous process in which individuals will change their courses
of career action, generally by leaving a setting or environment. Such as when a student is
disoriented in his course he have been taken that will result in decreasing eagerness on
that particular field. He decides to transfer in another school or to shift another course
that really fits his own interest and. When one is unstable in making decision, these
disoriented strategy may be repeated until achieve different bachelor’s degree which can
be a major distraction of one’s future job. Super also considered indecisiveness as a
period of developmental process when interest was not fully crystallized.
4. 4. Therefore, this study intends to determine the factors affecting career preferences
among senior high school students of Eulogio “Amang” Rodriguez Vocational High
School of academic year 2009 to 2010. This factors that serve as preferences of student in
choosing a career in college includes childhood aspirations, family/ relatives, peer/
friends, interest and specialization, values, in-demand jobs, school guidance counselor;
and anticipated problems encountered are presumed to affect the student preferences of
their career.
5. 5. Statement of the Problem</li></ul>The study aimed to determine the factors affecting
career preferences of senior high school students of Eulogio “Amang” Rodriguez
Vocational High School of the academic year 2009-2010. Specifically, it sought to
answer the following sub problems: <ul><li>What are the socio-demographic
characteristics of the senior high school students in terms of:
6. 6. Sexd. Parents Occupation
7. 7. Agee. Size of Income
8. 8. Parents Educational Attainmentf. Sibling Position
9. 9. What are the top three expressed career choices of the students?
10. 10. What are the preferences of students in choosing a career in college in terms of:
11. 11. Childhood Aspirationsd. Values
12. 12. Family/ Relativese. In-Demand Jobs
13. 13. Peer/ Friendsf. School Guidance Counselor
14. 14. What are the anticipated problems encountered in making their career choice?
15. 15. Hypothesis of the Study
16. 16. The following hypotheses are formulated for acceptance or rejection of study:
17. 17. The socio-demographic characteristics (such as sex, age, parents’ educational
attainment, parents’ occupation, size of income, and sibling position) does not affect the
career preferences of the senior high school students.
18. 18. The preference of student in terms of childhood aspirations, family/ relatives, values,
in-demand jobs, and school guidance counselor does not affect their career choice.
19. 19. The anticipated problem encountered by students does not affect their career choice.
20. 20. Theoretical / Conceptual Framework
21. 21. 1.4.1. Theoretical Framework
22. 22. The study is anchored on the theory of Donald Super which focuses on the
development of life roles over the life span with emphasis on interrole congruence. His
vocational concept as a part of self-concept is formed, it is the driving force that
establishes a career pattern one will follow through life. Vocational developmental tasks
are derived from vocational stages which provides framework for vocational behavior
and attitudes.
23. 23. VOCATIONAL DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES
24. 24. Growth (birth-age 14 or 15), characterized by development of capacity, attitudes,
interests, and needs associated with self-concepts;
25. 25. Explanatory (ages 15-24), characterized by a tentative phase in which choices are
narrowed but not finalized;
26. 26. Establishment (ages 25-44), characterized by trial and stabilization through work
experiences;
27. 27. Maintenance (ages 45-64), characterized by a continual adjustment process to
improve working position and situation; and
28. 28. Decline (ages 65+), characterized by preretirement considerations, reduced work
output, and eventual retirement.</li></ul>The crystallization task (ages 14-18) is forming
a preferred career plan and considering how it might be implemented. Pertinent
information is studied with the goal of becoming more aware of the preferred choice and
the wisdom of preference. The specification task (ages 18-21) follows in which the
individual feels the need to specify the career plan through more specific resources and
explicit awareness of cogent variables of the preferred choice. The implementation task
(ages 21-24) is accomplished by the completion of training and entry into the career and
develops a feeling of security in career position. The stabilization (ages 24-35) is reached
when the individual is firmly established in a career and develops a feeling of security in
career position. Finally, the consolidation task (35+) follows with advancement and
seniority in a career. Super also identified six dimensions that he thought were relevant
and appropriate for adolescents: <ul><li>Orientation to Vocational Choice (an
attitudinal dimension determining whether the individual is concerned with the eventual
vocational choice to be made);
29. 29. Information and Planning (a competence dimension concerning specificity of
information individuals have concerning future career decisions and past planning
accomplished);
30. 30. Consistency of Vocational Preferences (individuals’ consistency of preferences);
31. 31. Crystallization of Traits (individual progress toward forming a self-concept);
32. 32. Vocational Independence (independence of work experience);
33. 33. Wisdom of Vocational Preferences (dimension concerned with individuals ability to
make realistic preferences consistent with personal tasks.)</li></ul>This theory is found
to be appropriate because of its stressfulness in terms of developing a career plan that will
guide the individual in choosing a career in college. Also, Super’s six-dimension is
appropriate for adolescent is truly applicable because senior high school students are fall
under this category. Another theory adopted for the research is David Tiedeman’s5
self-development approach to career. He believes that evolving ego-identity is of central
importance in the career development process. He referred to the evolving self-in-
situation from the earliest awareness of self to point at which individual becomes capable
of evaluating experiences, anticipating, and imagining future goals, and storing
experiences in memory for future reference with his context of Erik Erikson’s eight
psychosocial crises. Self-in-situation, self-in-world and the orientation of work evolve as
one resolves the psychosocial crises of life. He therefore conceptualized a paradigm for
problem-solving as the mechanism of career decision making. His paradigm covers four
aspects of anticipation or preoccupation (exploration, crystallization, choice, and
clarification) and three aspects of implementation of adjustment (induction, reformation,
and integration). ASPECTS OF ANTICIPATION, PREOCCUPATION,
IMPLEMENTATION, AND ADJUSTMENT Aspects of Anticipation
CharacteristicsAspects ofCharacteristics Or PreoccupationImplementation Exploration1. Thinking is ratherInduction1. This period begins temporary and
evanescent the social interaction experience in nature. with career identification. 2. There is consideration2. There is a further and reconsideration ofidentification
of self and defense possible courses of action.of self within the career social 3.
Through imagination,system. one experiences numerous3. As acceptance is
experienced activities by relating feelingswithin the career, part of self is of
self within certain merged with the accepting structures or premises.group. 4.
There is searching through4. There is further progression of projection into
tentative goalsindividualized goal but within the 5. There is a focus on
futureframework of the totality of a behavior with alternative coursescareer
concerning social purpose. of action. 6. There is reflection upon
aspirations, abilities, interests, and future societal implications related to
career choice. Crystallization1. There is a continued Reformation 1. The career
group offers assessment of alternatives.acknowledgement of 2. Fewer
alternatives are underacceptance as a group consideration.member. 3. There is
an emergence of 2. There is assertive action tentative choices.on the part of the
individual 4. Tentative choices may bethe career group and outside reevaluated in the process ofthe career group, spawned by valuing and
ordering.the newfound conditions. 3. Assertive action takes the form of
convincing others to 5. Goals become more definite andconform to the self-view
held formed but are not irreversible.by the individual and toward 6. There is a
definite more towardgreater acceptance of stability of thought.modified goals. Choice1. A definite goal is chosenIntegration1. A compromise of 2. There is
focus on the particularintentions of goals is behavior necessary to reach the
achieved by the individuals chosen goal.as he or she interacts with the career
group. 2. Objectivity of self and the <ul><li>career group is attained.
34. 34. 3. Identification of a working
35. 35. member within the total
36. 36. system of the career field
37. 37. emerges.
38. 38. 4. Satisfaction of a
39. 39. committed cause or action is
40. 40. at least temporarily attained.</li></ul>Clarification1. This period is marked by further clarification of self in the chosen position. 2. Further consideration
of the anticipated position lessens the doubts of the career decision. 3. A
stronger conviction about the career decision is developed. 4. This ends the
anticipatory or preoccupational stage. Tiedeman stressed out why individual
change their courses of action because of external factors because of external forces (such
as the call of the armed forces, an economic crisis, the work setting itself) or by broad
psychological drives (such as unmet needs, changing aspirations, role diffusion).
According to the prescribed sequence, a new decision unfolds and must be made,
beginning with exploration and eventually reaching integration. If integration is not
reached once again, the individual may adapt to a career environment or may simply
withdraw and begin a new search for eventual integration. 1.4.2. Theoretical
Paradigm VocationalEgoInvolvementVocationalSelf-ConceptCareerPreferences The rationale between these two theories is one follows a vocational self-concept which
is a driving force that establishes a career pattern one will follow through life but there
are some factors could might altered this pattern. These factors, such as external forces
(called of armed services, economic crisis, work setting itself) and psychological drives
(unmet needs, changing aspirations, role diffusion) altered the career patterns of
individual. Super said that indecisiveness is a period in developmental process
when interests have not been fully crystallized. Individuals lead to discriminate 2 or more
choices of two or more occupational objectives when uncertainty about future occurs.
Tiedeman noted that as individuals become more aware of the developing character of
the career process itself, they are more willing to make changes and to alter or redefine a
decision. 1.4.3. Conceptual Framework Future-tension can be surpassing if
individual has a preparation to overcome it. Career preparedness will help the student
become more effective and successful in life with his chosen job. Childhood
aspiration has a major role on individual’s striving force. As they grow older, the more
they want, the more they will strive to get it. But external factors (environment and
society) and internal factors (self-crisis and family) changes their aspirations in life. Such
as when a child wants to be a nurse to cure a patient in his illness but because of her
interest like drawing and painting changes his aspirations. His interest got more
concentrated so she will take a course which is suitable for it. Some graduated high-
school students gradually stop in pursuing their college career. Financial sustainability
plays a major role in alterations of career life. They need to work in order to sustain their
studies, as wells as to help their family about expenses and earlier exposure to a
company. Career preferences, then can be conceptualized as a process of decision-
making. It also involves a series of prime factors such as the socio-demographic profile
(sex, age, parents educational attainment, parents occupation, size of income, and sibling
position). Likewise, it will identify the top three expressed career choices,
preferences for the career choice such as childhood aspirations, family / relatives, peer
/friends, interest and specialization, values, in-demand jobs, and school counselor; their
anticipated problems encountered and how these problems affect the students in making
their career preferences; and sibling position. 1.4.4 Conceptual Paradigm <ul><li>Top Three Career Choices of the StudentsBasis for Preference in Choosing a
CareerChildhood AspirationsRelatives / FamilyPeer / FriendsInterest and
SpecializationValues“In-Demand” JobsSchool Guidance CounselorAnticipated Problems
encountered in making their career choiceSocio-Demographic CharacteristicsOf the
Students:SexAgeParent’s Educational AttainmentParent’s OccupationSize of
IncomeSibling Position</li></ul>1.5. Scope and Limitation of the Study The 223
respondents were taken from Eulogio “Amang Rodriguez Vocational High School”
(EARVHS). The high school was selected on the length of their operation and other
commonalities such as geographical location, enrolment size, and availability of the
students of EARVHS which is located at Nagtahan, in the district of Sta. Mesa, city of
Manila. The school is selected because very few among the city of Manila offer a
vocational-related course during high school. It is the first vocational school in Manila
named after the former mayor Eulogio Rodriguez Sr., subjected to land disputes between
the present Institute (EARIST) but still prevailed and now becoming a center for
development and vocational studies in Sta. Mesa . Most of the high schools in Manila
focuses on major academic field such as English, Math, and Science in a laboratory
settings. Each section of second year to fourth levels of EARVHS consist of the
following: Section A – Computer Technology and Electricity Section B –
Electronics and Journalism Section C – Drafting and Business Technology /
Business Distributive Arts Section D – Handicrafts and Dressmaking Section
E – Home Management, Food Technology, and Automotive Section F –
Cosmetology and Creative Works The first year are not included in the following
because they are required to take general education that will prepare them to the next
school year. This study focused on their career preferences of senior high school
students of EARVHS. It looked into their socio-demographic characteristics in terms of
sex, age, parents educational attainment, parents occupation, size of income, and sibling
position; top three career choice ; preference of students in choosing a career in terms of
childhood aspirations, family / relatives, peer / friends, values, “in-demand” jobs, and
school guidance counselor; and anticipated problems encountered in making their career
choices. The researcher considered senior high school students as the respondents
since some of them are still undecided of course they want to pursue and suffers from
difficulties in deciding their course. It is also considered because of their last term in high
school excluded lower years since they are not yet capable of making a career decision
and still pursuing their target specialization. 1.6. Significance of the Study Education is the totality of learning acquired by individual which is inherited from one
generation to another, while career is serve as it’s application. The collaboration of these
two fields plays a key in improving individual’s competence and professionalism and
serves as their personal achievement. Therefore, this study is deemed significant to
the following stakeholder for the following reasons: <ul><li>To the Students – The
respondents are the center of the research because ultimately they develop the awareness
of themselves, strength, and weaknesses for their career development by continually
summarizing and reflecting upon what they are learning from home, school, and
community. In totality, students are in charge of their own choice.
41. 41. To the Parents – In this study, parents will realize how important they are as a source
of encouragement in which children are free to explore different areas of career
preferences. This study will look forward in giving their children an assurance to acquire
quality education that would enable them to obtain better job, better income, and brighter
future.
42. 42. To the Teacher – This study will give information to the teachers of EARVHS as to
the preferences of students such that they can focus on the skills needed by the students if
ever the latter would pursue the career they have chosen.
43. 43. To the School Administration – The result of this study will help the school
administration in putting up an effective, integrated career information and guidance
system that plays a very helpful role in guiding students towards making the best possible
career decisions.
44. 44. To the Researcher – The process and outcome of this study will produce a great
satisfaction, competence, and professionalism to the field. Although the topic of the study
is focused on career which belongs to the field known as Industrial Psychology, the
purpose is to have a diversity and idea about the field rather than understanding the
abnormalities of human behavior.
45. 45. 1.7. Definition of Terms
46. 46. The following terms are conceptually or operationally defined to enhance the
understanding of the readers of this paper.
47. 47. Crisis – an unstable or crucial time or state of affairs whose outcome will make a
decisive difference for better or worse. In this study, crisis is mentioned into four: socio-
economic, political, financial, as well as global economic.
48. 48. Recession – a period of reduced economic activity or withdrawal. In this study,
recession refers to a decrease of employees in a company affected by economic crisis.
49. 49. Career – a field for or pursuit of consecutive progressive achievement especially in
public, professional, or business life. In this study, career is the application of education
whereby it is the totality of acquired knowledge.
50. 50. Ego-Relevant Crisis – is derived from Erik Erikson’s eight psychosocial crises such
as
51. 51. 1)Trust, 2)Autonomy, 3) Initiative, 4) Industry, 5) Identity, 6)Intimacy, 7)
Generativity, and 8) Ego-Integrity.
52. 52. 5. Disoriented Strategy – displace from normal position or relationship. In the study,
this term refers to mechanism of students when he or she is unstable in choosing a career
which can be repeated.
53. 53. 6. Socio-Demographic Characteristics – refers to sex, age, parent’s educational
attainment, parent’s occupation, size of income, and sibling position.
54. 54. 7. Sibling Position – the position of respondent in his family, whether he or she was a
first child, second child, third child, etc. .
55. 55. 8. Preference – other term for recommend ; the power or opportunity of choosing. In
the study, the term career preference refers to the basis of student in choosing the course
he wants whether it comes from his childhood aspirations, relatives, peer, his values in
life, interest and specialization, and school guidance counselor.
56. 56. 9. Childhood Aspirations – the child’s infantile wishes of what he wants when grew
up.
57. 57. 10. Interest – to induce or persuade ; to participate or engage.
58. 58. 11. Specialization – to concentrate one’s efforts in a special activity of field.
59. 59. 12. Values – refers to motivated drives the individual is striving to achieve their
aspirations in life.
60. 60. 13. “In-Demand” Jobs – refers to the majority of present occupation which many
companies are in need for a particular job.
61. 61. 14. School Guidance Counselor – is a type of counseling profession specialized in
assisting the students in choosing their career in college and as well as vocational or
educational problems.
62. 62. 15. Anticipated Problems – the expected problems of student’s career choice. For
example, financial sustainability, poor health, self-conflicts, etc.
63. 63. 16. Self-Concept – the mental image one has of oneself.
64. 64. 17. Vocational Self-Concept – a driving force that establishes a career pattern one
will follow through life.
65. 65. 18. Vocational Ego-Involvement – a term which describes Tiedeman’s self-
development approach to career.
66. 66. CHAPTER 2
67. 67. Review of Related Literature and Studies
68. 68. Career preference is the process of decision-making. A great number of studies,
researches, and write-ups has been conducted for a period of time and still emerged as
one of the top-priority researches due to rapid changing and need of time. This chapter is
the presentation of literature and studies from foreign to local which may directly or
indirectly bearing to study at hand. Relevance to present studies will give a big picture
why these literature and studies from foreign to local are used.
69. 69. 2.1. Foreign Literature
70. 70. According to Howard and Ill stressed out that whenever students are in their high
school experience, they are the center of learning. In a traditional high school, the center
of the system is the content or subject, not student learning. Howard and Ill present a
system to promote the shift from traditional content or subject –centered high schools to
student-centered high schools which is called as Collaborative Career Pathways – a
system of organizing the student learning interests and aptitudes around career paths. It
provides a structure for students to reference their learning and comment each year of
their high school experience. It allows students to plan and practice their skills while
creating a smooth and successful transition to a post-secondary option.
71. 71. Goffredson’s Developmental Theory of Occupational Aspirations describes how
people become attracted to certain occupations. Self-concept in vocational development
is the key factor to career selection and people want jobs that are compatible with their
self-image. The key determinants of self-concept are one’s social class, level of
intelligence, and experiences with sex-typing. Roe’s need approach9 emphasized that
early childhood experiences play an important role in finding satisfaction in one’s chosen
field. The need structure of the individual, according to Roe, would be greatly influenced
by early childhood frustrations and satisfactions.
72. 72. According to John Holland , individuals are attracted to a given career by their
particular personalities and numerous variables that constitute their backgrounds. First of
all, career choice is an expression of, or an extension of personality into the world of
work followed by subsequent identification with specific occupational stereotypes.
Accordingly, one chooses a career to satisfy preferred modal personal orientation. Modal
personal orientation is a developmental process established through heredity and the
individual’s life history of reacting to environmental demands. If the individual has
developed a strong dominant orientation, satisfaction is probable in a corresponding
occupational environment. If, however the orientation is one of indecision, the livelihood
of satisfaction diminishes.
73. 73. 2.2. Local Studies
74. 74. According to the study conducted by Siguan Jr. (1994), it was found out that the
students self-concept showed no significant influence on their career preferences. The
academic achievements of students proved to be significant related to their career
preferences. The school were students came from had no influence on their choice of
career. He recommends that a more improved and functional guidance provided in school
to help students make sound career choices. The guidance services in school must be
collaborative efforts of the administrator, guidance counselors, and teachers. Classroom
teachers are encouraged to do their best in improving teaching learning processes,
considering that academic achievement of student influences their career preferences.
Another study conducted by Almerino (2003), it was found out that a big picture of a big
family with low educational attainment and inadequate investment was the sole
foundation of choosing a course, which was psychologically motivated. The respondent’s
level of preferred intelligence did not match to their chosen course. This could be drawn
from the required level of the course in contrast with their level of preferred intelligence.
75. 75. The necessity of developing a career development program was need in order to
prevent any misfits and to assist students in the process of crystallizing their career in life.
She recommended that this program be effectively implemented.
76. 76. Personal interests, abilities, skills, and values are the most influential factors in
coming chosen occupation by the participants according to Pabiton (2007). These imply
that like other graduating students in high school students, the participants seemed to
have chosen occupation. She also noted that the students be given all the chances to learn
and develop the skills and attitudes required for various occupations. She recommends
that career counselors could give more emphasis on this environmental factor during
individual and small group career counseling.
77. 77. 2.3. Foreign Studies</li></ul>According to the study conducted by Garcez (2007) , it
was found out that by increasing career development activities, which includes setting
career goals, students had a higher self-esteem. Maybe even more important, however, is
that students were more satisfied about the education they were receiving. This will, in
turn, hopefully lead to students having a deeper desire and commitment to succeed in
their education. Another outcome of a higher self-esteem, is that those students chose
more difficult goals than students with low self-esteems. She noted that excellent detailed
plan for teaching parents and teachers how to teach young students to set career goals.
The plan requires a total community effort through educators, parents, and businesses.
Students must be given an opportunity to identify and explore their desired careers. They
can accomplish this through the “School to Work Transition” or “Job Shadowing
Program.” Through the cooperative efforts of the entire community, students can identify
career choices, set career goals, and have higher self-esteems at an early age. Ultimately,
they will further their education and have a better chance of succeeding in the “do or die”
world in which we live. <ul><li>2.4. Local Literature
78. 78. According to Elmer (1989), career planning is life goal-setting. Without such a plan,
it is like making a journey to an unfamiliar destination without a map. He proposed a
Career Planning Guide that will help the students in choosing their appropriate course
from planning a career, steps in planning career, goal-setting and self-understanding.
Also, it reveals that guidance and counseling is intervention of underemployment
individuals and career preparedness must be initiated.
79. 79. 2.5. Relevance to the Present Studies
80. 80. The studies reviewed provide ample evidence that career development program is in
need and must have a collaborative efforts made by school administrator, teachers, and
mostly guidance counselor in crystallizing student’s career decision. The teaching
methodologies or strategies must be improved and concentrate on student’s learning and
not by subjects. </li></ul>CHAPTER III Research Methodology This chapter
presents the research design, population and sample of the study, research instruments,
data gathering procedures, and statistical treatment of data. <ul><li>Research
Design</li></ul>This study used a descriptive survey method used to assess socio-
demographic characteristics such as sex, age, parent’s educational attainment, parent’s
occupation, size of income, sibling position; the top three expressed career choices;
preference of student in choosing a career and anticipated problems that affect the career
choices of senior high school students of EARVHS of academic year 2009-2010.
Descriptive research is a purposive process of data gathering, analyzing, classifying and
tabulating data about prevailing conditions, practices, beliefs, processes, trends, and
cause-effect relationships and then adequate and accurate interpretation about such data
with or without aid of statistical treatment. <ul><li>Population and Sample of the
Study</li></ul>The respondents of this study came from EARVHS. They were identified
using the Sloven’s formula: n (sample size) = N (population) / 1 + N (population) x e2
(margin of error at .03 squared). Stratified random sampling is used to select randomly,
samples from the different strata of the population. This type of sampling is used when
the population has class stratifications or grouping either horizontally of vertically. 
 3.2.1.Statistical Paradigm SectionsTotal No. of Students in Each
SectionPercentage(%)SampleA44.8035B50.8040C55.8044D41.8033E45.8036F44.8035T
otal Population279Total Sample223 n = N1+N e2 The students are grouped into 6
categories n = 2791+279 (.03)2 according to their specialization, so the n =
2791+279 (0.0009)researcher used stratified sampling. n = 2791+0.2511Sample
Proportion (%) = nN = 223279 = .7992 > 80% n = 2791.2511 n =
223Therefore, the total sample is 223. <ul><li>Research Instrument
81. 81. The instrument used was a researcher-made questionnaire checklist to gather the
needed data for the student’s profile. The draft of the questionnaire was drawn out based
on the researcher’s readings, previous studies, professional literature, published and
unpublished thesis relevant to the study.
82. 82. In the preparation of the instrument, the requirements in the designing of good data
collection instrument were considered. For instance, statement describing the situations
or issues pertaining was toned down to accommodate the knowledge preparedness of the
respondents. Open-ended options were provided to accommodate to free formatted views
related to the topics or issues. In this way, the instrument is authorized to obtain valid
responses of the students.
83. 83. Preference for the use of the structured questionnaire is premised on several research
assumptions such as a) cost of being a least expensive means of gathering data, b)
avoidance of personal bias, c) less pressure for immediate response, and giving the
respondents a greater feeling of anonymity. In the end, it encouraged open responses to
sensitive issues at hand.
84. 84. Data Gathering Procedure
85. 85. The first step before going to the testing proper is to make a request letter. Upon
approval, the researcher retrieves the request letter. The assistance of guidance counselor,
as well as class advisers and other faculty members were selected in the administration.
86. 86. In administering the questionnaire, the researcher was use the time allotted for vacant
to avoid distractions of class discussions. The student responses were given enough time
to answer the questions.
87. 87. After data gathering, the researcher now collected it for tallying the scores and to
apply the statistical treatment to be used with the study.
88. 88. Treatment of Data
89. 89. The responses made by students describing their socio-demographic characteristics,
preference of choosing their career, and anticipated problems were presented. For
instance, sex, age, parent’s educational attainment, parent’s occupation, size of income
and sibling position. This was also applied for top three career choice and students
preference in making his career choice. In providing overall picture of the socio-
demographic characteristics and career preference, as well as anticipated problems in
pursuing their studies and it’s effect on students, summary presentations will also
presented.
90. 90. Statistical Treatment for Data
91. 91. Responses to the questionnaire by senior high school students were statistically
analyzed with the data requirements of the study. Students were statistically analyzed
with the data instruments of the study. Descriptive statistics such as frequency count,
mean, percent and rank are considered.
92. 92. BIBLIOGRAPHY:</li></ul>. Zunker, Vernon. Career counseling: applied concepts
of life planning (5th edition). Brooks / cole publishing company: 511 forest lodge road
pacific grove, ca 93950, 1998; p. 30. 2. Zunker, . . . P. 40 3. Zunker . . . P.
94 4. Zunker, . . . p. 32. 5. Zunker, . . . p. 41. 6.
http://wikimapia.org/4313274/Eulogio-Amang-Rodriguez-Vocational-High-School 7. Elaine Markus Howard and Pamela J. Ill. Career Pathways: Preparing Students for
Life. Corwin Press: A Sage Thousand Company. Thousand Oaks California, c2004, p.
1. 8. Zunker, . . . p.45 9. Zunker, . . . p.49 10. Factors affecting Career
Preferences of 4th Yr. High School Students by Bienvenido E. Siguan Jr. Leyte Institute
of Technology; Graduate School of Tacloban City: March 1994. 11. Career
Preferences of College Freshmen in the University of Cebu – Lapu-Lapu andf Mindoro:
A Career Development Program by Jana Gloria F. Almerino, Master’s Thesis. University
of San Carlos, Cebu City. 12. Factors influencing High School Senior Career
Choices: Implications to Career Counseling by Carmelita P. Pabiton. In Guidance Journal
p .1-17, Oct. 2007. 13. http://aplawrence.com/Misc/cgcareergoals.html 14.
Soriano, A. S. and Roces. A Career Guide. Baguio Allied Printers: 420 Magsaysay Ave.
Baguio City, p.1. 15. Jose Calderon and Expectation Gonzalez. Methods of
Research Thesis Writing. Quad Alpha Centrum Bldg.: 115 Pioneer st., Mandaluyong
City, p.62. APPENDIX A SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE Direction:
Please answer this survey questionnaire by either supplying the requested information or
by placing the check mark (√) on the appropriate space provided for. Please kindly
answer all the items. PART I – PERSONAL INFORMATION Name:Sex: Name of School:Age: A. Sibling Position First Child Second Child Others, please specify PART II – SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC
CHARACTERISTICS a. Parent’s Educational Attainment FatherMother Elementary Graduate First Year Second Year Third Year Fourth Year College Graduate Undergraduate 
Masteral Degree Doctoral Degree b. Parent’s Occupation <ul><li>Father
93. 93. Mother </li></ul>c. Family Income (Monthly Income of Parents). Please check the
appropriate range. 6,000 - below 6,001 - 8,000 8,001 – 10,000 
10,001 – 12,000 12,001 – 14,000 14,001 and above PART III – ON
CAREER PREFERENCES 1. Have you chosen a course to pursue after graduation?
 Yes ( )No () If the answer is no, kindly state your
reason:_____________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________
__ 2. What are your top three choices of courses in college? a. First Preference
- ________________________________ b. Second Preference -
_______________________________ c. Third Preference -
________________________________ 3. What is your preference in choosing a
career in college? Choose only one. <ul><li>Childhood Aspirations
94. 94. Family / Relatives
95. 95. Peer / Friends
96. 96. Interest and Specialization
97. 97. Values
98. 98. “In-Demand” Jobs
99. 99. School Guidance Counselor</li></ul>Kindly justify your choice for your career
preference:______________________________ ______________________________________________________________________
___ 4. Which of the following would you consider problems in pursuing your
choice? <ul><li>Financial Sustainability
100. 100. Perceived Ability
101. 101. Maintain Academic Performance
102. 102. Stringent Requirements of School
103. 103. Location of the School from Residence
104. 104. Family Pressure
105. 105. Poor Health
106. 106. Peer Influence
107. 107. Confusion due to varied interests
108. 108. Undecisiveness
109. 109. Not stability for my chosen career
110. 110. Others, please specify:
_____________________________________________________
111. 111.
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FACTORS AFFECTING CHOICE OF CAREER AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL

questionnaires. The questionnaires were distributed to one hundred and sixty

need to establish guidance and counselling facilities centres in senior secondary

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

CONCEPT OF CAREER CHOICE

THEORIES OF CAREER CHOICE

FACTORS AFFECTING CHOICE OF CAREER

INSTRUMENTATION FOR DATA COLLECTION

METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION

DATA ANALYSIS, INTERPRETATION AND FINDINGS

Parents’ educational and occupational background may affect students choice of

a. To stimulate career thinking and widen occupational horizon.

b. To focus attention on particular jobs in other to help an individual crystallize

The factors that may influence choice of career includes:

i. Socio economic factors

ii. Personal or family factors

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

4. Does student’s choice of career influence by their peer group?

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

b. It will enable the researcher make necessary recommendations to the

d. It will enable the researcher make concrete recommendations to the

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

1. Igba Grammar school

2. Egbele secondary school

3. Efandion grammar school

4. Ubiagia secondary school

5. Ukong mixed secondary school

6. Aladies of lus

7. Ewaito secondary school

8. Okpugie grammar school

EFFECT – To produce a change in somebody or something.

INFLUENCE- The power that somebody or something has a mark somebody or

PROSPECT: The chances of being successful good job/employment/career prospect.

EXAMINATION – A formal written spoken or practical test, especially at school or

SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS: These students general are in the

GOVERNMENT: The group of people who govern a country or a state.

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For more project materials

FACTORS AFFECTING CAREER CHOICE OF STUDENTS IN MABAMA

THESIS OUTLINE SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF

MASTER OF ARTS IN EDUCATION

ZANDRO P. IBAŇEZ Ed.DHELEN W. NOEL Ph.D

AUGIE E. FUENTES Ph.D. NILA NANETTE S. REVILLA Ph.D

CESARA. LIMBAGA JR., Ph.D.

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

As of now, many senior high school students suffer...

actors Affecting Career Preferences of Senior High School Students

Date Mrs. Weng Dela Peña