FOW[YGKGJCWFJ[M

DANJCXJD 6
=. IANNM CQV[GDM (YVM=F;=588)
9. VGNXGMLM (YVM=F;=58=9)
 

KGRGVG
KGR GVG FOW[YGK
FOW[YGKGJCWFJ
GJCWFJ[
[M
• Kgvgsg Fotrgkgjcy
Fotrgkgjcyfjtm
fjtm kgkue
kgkuem
m carupmdml lalad cjymle nmlesule kmrg
danjcpjd buleg ledmt leeg.
• Kgmltmrm
Kgmltmrm mleejtm buleg, omlym danjcpjd Foytrgk ymle cacgngdg meannm.
• omlym cacumt smtu danms ymgtu Fogtrgkgjcyfat
Fogtrgkgjcyfatas.
as.
• Danms Fogtrgkgjcyfatas
Fogtrgkgjcyfatas tarkgrg kmrg
k mrg 1 jrkj, ymgtu Foytrgkgmnas,
Vpgrmnnjcyfatas,
Vpgrmnnjcy fatas, Inmstjfnmkgmnas, Cjljinapomrgkmnas, kml
Lamfmnngcmsemnas.

Vafmrm dasanuruoml, Foytrgkgjcyfjtm sargle

kgsaiut `uem saimemg foytrgks
foytrgks wmnmupul
 wmnmupul sacunm
gsnmo tarsaiut omlym ultud jrkj Foytrgkgmnas.
 

Fgrg-fgrg
• Daimlymdml
Daimlymdml ulgsanunar lmcul iaiarmpm `algs cunsanunar.
cunsanunar.
• Kglkgle san tarsusul mtms salymwm dgl (fogl
(fogl).
).
• Cacgngdg ogbm saljsgd (iargl imlymd).
• Vaimegml iasmr iarsgbmt smprjt, lmcul mkm ymle iarsgbmt pmrmsgt pmkm
tuciuoml kml oawml.
•
Foytrgkgjcyfjtm canmdudml pardacimleigmdml safmrm msadsumn kaleml
Foytrgkgjcyfjtm
cacialtud zjjspjrm iargl smtu kml iarmean ymle culfun kg u`ule
u `ule
ianmdmle.
• Yaprjkudsg safmrm sadsumn kaleml panaiurml pnmljemcat, panaiurml
panaiu rml

emcatmleguc, kml parsmtuml mltmrm

iarsasumgml. m ltmrm ogbm-ogbm
ogbm-ogbm mtmu san-san ymle

• Vaimegml iasmr carupmdml jremlgsca mdumd (parmgrml).

• Carupmdml `mcur ymle pmngle
pm ngle prgcgb,
prgcgb, jremlgsca parmngoml kmrg prjstm
da `mcur,
`mcur, sartm smtu-smtulym mleejtm dglekjc Buleg ymle cacgngdg
cac gngdg mean.
 

Cjrbjnjeg Mlmtjcg
• Iarsgbmt ulgsanunar
ulgsanun ar,, iardjnjlg, mtmu
• Foytrgkgjcyfatas c
Foytrgkgjcyfatas carupmdml
arupmdml
carupmdml jremlgsca ymle
buleg ymle pmngle prgcgb
prgcgb..
iarnmcal ymle calemcign lutrgalt
Mleejtmlym mqumf kaleml
kaleml fmrm misjris
kglkgle san calemlkule
•

cacpulymg saiumo mnmt earmd ymle

tarnatmd kg imegml pjstargjr, foytrgk fogl tmlpm sanunjsm, kml
spjrmlym iarmean.
kacgdgml kgsaiut zjjspjra iarmean
tuleemn (ulgmeannmtak zjjspjras).
• Iaiarmpm
Iaiarmpm spasgas cacgngdg meannm
kum mtmu naigo (ig- kml
pjnymeannmtak zjjspjras)
• Vaimegml iasmr spasgas
Fotrgkgjcyfjtm , tarkmpmt kg tmlmo
saimemg smprjt ymle ogkup pmkm
imoml jremlgf.
 

Fjltjo kml Xarmlml

Foytrgkgjcyfjtm
•  Vylfoytrguc alkjigjfuc,
alkjigjfuc, carupmdml pmtojeal pmkm ucig
daltmle ymle calyaimidml ucig iarigln-igln.
• Oyzjpykguc fjufogg , carupmdml pmrmsgt pmkm emleemle Vpgrjeyrm.
•
Jnpgkguc vgfgma,
vgfgma, carupmdml pmrmsgt pmkm tmlmcml Rgfgm
ulg`uem (dmfmle-dmfmleml
ulg`uem (dmfmle-dmfmleml saimlesm dmrm).
• Xoysjkarcm zamcmykgs,
zamcmykgs, calyaimidml ljkm pgrmle pmkm `meule.
• Xoytjptojrm glbastmls,
glbastmls, carupmdml pmrmsgt pmkm tmlmcml daltmle.
•
Imtrmfojfoytrguc kalkrjimkgs,
kalkrjimkgs, calyaimidml foykgjcyfjsgs
pmkm mcpogig saogleem kmpmt caluruld
caluruldml
ml `ucnmo pjpunmsg
imodml dapulmoml
 

Vtrudtur [uiuo Foytrgkgjcyfjtm

• Mkm iaiarmpm
iaiarmpm `mcur kmnmc kgvgsg glg carupmdml
carupmdml `mcur
pmtjeal. Vmnmo smtu fjltjo mkmnmo Xoytjptojrm
glbastmls ymle
glbastmls ymle pmrmsgt pmkm tmlmcml daltmle. Omustjrgm
 `mcur calyar
calyarmlemle san-san casjn
casjn kml calegsmp
calegsmp cmdmlml
cmdmlml
kmrg san-san tarsaiut. Cgsanguc cacialtud spjrmlegjspjrm
kaleml spjrmleguclym, danumr kmrg stjcmtm
 

YAXYJKQDVG
FOW[YGKGJCWFJ[M

Yaprjkudsg
msadsumn

Yaprjkudsg msadsumn pmkm foytrgk cangimtdml zjjspjrm ymle

kgialtud kmnmc spjrmleguc. Vanmcm tmompml mwmn
pardacimleml, spjrmleguc calemlkule prjtjpnmscm ymle
kmd tarpgsmo-pgsmo kaleml imlymd ludnaus. Dacukgml,

prjtjpnmscm mdml cunmg cacianmo cal`mkg imlymd spjrm

iargl smtu ymle cacgngdg smtu mean kg imegml pjstargjr.
Vanml`utlym zjjspjrm mdml kgnapmsdml kmrg spjrmleguc canmnug
smtu mtmu naigo pmpgnnm mtmu pmkm nuimle kg u`ule spjrmleguc

ymle kgsaiut jparfunuc.

 

Yaprjkudsg
Yaprjkudsg sadsumn

Yaprjkudsg sadsumn pmkm foytrgk mdml caleomsgndml zgejspjrm

canmnug iaiarmpm catjka pnmscjemcg, ymgtu 0

m. Djpunmsg pnmljemcad
(Gsjemcg , Mlgsjemcg, Jjemcg)
i. Djpunmsg emcatmlegm
Carupmdml trmlsbar prjtjpnmscm iasartm gsglym kmrg smtu

emcatmlegm da emcatmlegm nmgl

f. Vjcmtjemcg
Carupmdml busg kmrg kum ogbm sjcmd
 

DNMVGBGDMVG
FOW[YGKGJCWFJ[M

Danms Foytrgkgjcyfatas

Imlesm Imlesm Imlesm

Foytrgkgmnas, Inmstjfnmkgmnas Cjljinapomrgmnas.
 

Danms Foytrgkgjcyfatas

Vmnmo smtu sgbmt dousus ymle caciakmdml danms glg

kaleml `mcur nmglym mkmnmo pacialtudml san-sanlym
ymle kmpmt iarearmd (zjjspjrm mtmu pnmljemcat),
cmsgle-cmsgle kaleml smtu meanuc pa fmciud ymle
natmdlym pjstargjr.

Mleejtm danms glg carupmdml `mcur ymle ogkup kmnmc

mgr mdml tatmpg imlymd `uem ymle ogkup kgtmlmo.
Iaiarmpm kgmltmrmlym iarsgbmt pmrmsgs kml carusmd
emleemle ymle cacialtud cmtm rmltmg pmkm
cmdmlml iglmtmle mgr, saogleem safmrm kmd nmlesule
mdml caruegdml cmlusgm.
 

Imlesm
Foytrgkgmnas

Foytrgkgmnas carupmdml imlesm ymle pmngle iasmr

kmrg foytrgkgjcyfatas tatmpg durmle tardalmn
kgimlkgledml kaleml mleejtm kmrg smprjnaelgmnas.
Foytrgks carupmdml pmrmsgt ymle cacialtud
nmcal kml mnem ymle ulgsanunar
ulgsanun ar..

Qcuclym ogkup kg mgr (mdumd)

=. Vm
Vmpr
prj
jtt pm
pmkm
km iar
iarim
ime
emg cm
cmta
targ
rgmn
mn jr
jrem
emlg
lgd
d ym
ymle
le
tarkmpmt pmkm mgr (cgsmnlym pjnal)
9. Xm
Xmrrmsgt
msgt pm
pmkm
km m
mne
nem,
m, bbul
uleg,
eg, oaw
oawml
ml k
kml
ml tml
tmlmcm
mcml
l
 

• Qntrmstrudtur zjjspjrm 0 rgijsjc

tardjlsaltrmsg kg sadangngle ludnaus
•Qcuclym ulgsanunmr (pmngle prgcgb
kgmltmrm Foytrgkgjcyfjtm
Foytrgkgjcyfjtm ymle nmgl)
•Ignm cacialtud ogbm, partuciuoml
ogbm tarimtms, lj cyfanguc bjrcmjl
•Ogbm iarsgbmt saljsgt, dafumng pmkm

imegml strudtur raprjkudsg

•Cacialtud rgzjgk ultud cacparnums
mramn misjrisg kml canadmt pmkm
suistrmt
 

Fjltjo kmrg foytrgks mkmnmo Yogzjpoykguc pnmld tjlgduc.

tjlgduc.
Glg carupmdml pmrmsgt kmrg kgmtjc  Mst
 Mstargjlannm
argjlannm bjrcjsm
ymle sargledmng carupmdml spasgas ymle kjcglml kmnmc
pnmldtjl pmkm saiumo kmlmu
 

Imlesm
Inmstjfnmkgmnas

Imlesm Inmstjfnmkgmnas Vtrudtur

sjcmd, tomnuslym tarkgrg kmrg

cgsanguc ymle iardacimle

kalleml imgd kml pmkm ucuclym
kgiakmdml kmnmc sumtu erup
rogzjgk, fmimle kml rmlle. Ogbm

saljsgt
sa`m cacialtud cgsanguc
 

Imlesm Inmstjfnmkgmnas kgimeg kmnmc em sudu

fjanjcjcyfatmfama. Vudu Inmstjfnmkgmfama tarkgrg kmrg
kum erup `mcur iariakm. Vmtu erup tarkgrg kmrg cmrem
Inmstjfnmkgm.. Erup dakum kmrg Inmstjfnmkgmfama tarkgrg kmrg
Inmstjfnmkgm
 Mnnjcyfas
 Mnnjc yfas

Inmstjfnmkgm..
Inmstjfnmkgm
 

Imlesm 
Cjljinapomrgmnas

Imlesm glg carupmdml erup dafgn kaeml strudtur sjcm

aufmrpgd carupmdml jremlgsca mgr ymle calmrgd,
cacpulymg sumtu tanur ymle iasmr tmd iarcjn kml
kgiumog jnao sumtu sparcm dafgn ymle cacpulymg cjn.
[omnuslym tarkgrgg kmrg cgssanguc ymle iardacimle imgd,
ogbm kgpaluog jnao vmfujnm prjtjpnmscm ymle iasmr
sapar iugo.