Mathematics

Quarter 2 – Module 2:
Algebraic Expressions
Mathematics - Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 - Module 2: Algebraic Expressions
First Edition, 2020

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 What I Need to Know
In this module, learners build their skills and competencies on the conversion of units
of measurements. After going through this module, you are expected to have mastery on the
following objectives:
1. translate English phrases to mathematical phrases and English sentences to
mathematics sentences and vice versa; and
2. illustrate and differentiate related terms in algebra:
a. 𝑎𝑛 where n is a positive integer;
b. constants and variables;
c. literal coefficients and numerical coefficients;
d. algebraic expressions, terms, and polynomials; and
e. number of terms, degree of the term, and degree of the polynomial.

What I Know
Directions: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. Translate to a mathematical term: three times the sum of negative 2 and a number.
A. 3 + (-2n) C. 3(-2+n)
B. 3(2n) D. 3n+2
3 2
2. What is the degree of the term 3𝑥 𝑦 ?
A. 3 C. 5
B. 2 D. 6
3. If the degree of a polynomial is 0, then it is called a _____.
A. Monomial C. Constant
B. Binomial D. Variable
4. What is the exponent in the numerical expression 3 x 3 x 3 x 3 x 3 x 3?
A. 3 C. 9
B. 6 D. 12
5. ______________ a variable used to represent a number and it may be raised to a power.
A. numerical coefficient C. literal coefficient
B. exponent D. term
6. ______________can be a variable or a signed number multiplied to a variable or a constant
and each term is separated by a sign.
A. numerical coefficient C. literal coefficient
B. exponent D. term
5 4
7. What is the degree of the polynomial 𝑥 + 3𝑥 𝑦 − 3𝑥 𝑦 + 3𝑥2 ?
7 2

A. 7 C. 8
B. 2 D. 9
8. Which among the following is NOT a polynomial?
A. 6 C. 2𝑥
B. - 2x D. 2𝑥
9. A number subtracted from 9 is translated as:
A. x – 9 C. 9(x)
B. 9 – x D. None of the above
4 4
10. What is the degree of the polynomial 2𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑥8𝑦 + 3𝑥2?
A. 7 C. 8
B. 2 D. 9
Lesson
Translating Mathematical
1 Expressions
3
 When we combine numbers and variables in a valid way, using operations such as
addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponentiation, and other operations and
functions yet unlearned, the resulting combination of mathematical symbols is called
a mathematical expression. A mathematical expression can be read or translated in different
ways.

4
 For example, if you were to write the mathematical expression 3 + 4 into words, it
would be written as three plus four, but we may also express it as the sum of three and four.
Let us recall the terms “plus” and “sum.” Remember, “plus” is the symbol used in
adding numbers and “sum” is the result of adding two or more numbers. Both terms are used
in addition. Therefore, the two English phrases can be used to express the mathematical
expression 3 + 4.
Not only that, we have a variety of words that can be used to express different
arithmetic operations. Answer What’s In and identify words that will help us greatly with our
lesson today.

What’s In
Using the keywords below, identify the operation that corresponds to the given keywords.
Sum of Subtract from the difference of
The quotient of the product of minus
Increased by times less than
Decreased by the ratio of divided by
Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division ÷
+ - ×

What’s New
During the COVID-19 pandemic, we must comply and follow the safety
protocols, such as wearing a facemask and face shield wherever we go, always wash your
hands and apply hand sanitizers or alcohol, observe proper social distancing, and many more.
To comply with the protocols, Anna decided to buy a box of facemask and a piece of face shield,
so she looked at the price of the products online and she saw that the prices vary from one
shop to another. The table below shows the prices of the box of facemask and face shield.
A Box of Facemask Face shield
Shop A ₱300 ₱10
Shop B 50 less than shop A’s price Two times Shop A’s price
a. Translate the price of the box of facemask into a mathematical phrase.
Let us observe the given above, a box of facemask costs ₱300 at Shop A while in Shop B the
price is 50 less than shop A’s price. “Less than” means smaller or lower. The phrase shows
that the price of a box of a facemask is ₱50 lower than Shop A. Therefore, to find the value
of the price we have to “lower” the amount by deducting ₱50 from shop A’s price. The
translation of 50 less than 300 is 300 – 50.
b. Translate the price of the face shield into a mathematical phrase.
Let us observe the given above, a piece of face shield costs two times Shop A’s price. The
phrase shows that the price of a piece of face shield is double the price of Shop A.
Therefore, to find the value of the price we must multiply shop A’s price by two. The
translation of two times the Shop A’s price (₱10) is 2 x 10.
c. How much do you need to pay if you buy more than one piece of face shield in Shop A?
Number of Pieces Price Total Price
1 10 10
2 10 20
3 10 30
4 10 40
Observe the table above. To buy a piece of facemask, you need to pay ₱10.00. If
you buy 2 pieces, then you need to pay ₱20.00. If you buy 3 pieces, then you need to pay ₱30.
What can you observe? To find the total price, we multiply ₱10.00 by the number of pieces. If
5
we translate it to a mathematical expression, it will be 10(n) where n is the number of pieces
that a person will buy.

What is It
From the problem above, we can observe that there are keywords which help us understand
what operation is to be used whenever we are translating an English phrase or sentence to a
mathematical expression. In translating, we encounter situations in which we have unknown
values which represents a number, we call those unknown as variables. A variable is used to
represent an unknown value and we use a single letter to represent a variable, most commonly
x and y. It is read or translated as “a number”.
Below are examples of words that can be used in translating mathematical expressions
to English phrases or sentences.
For addition, a + b can be expressed as a increased by b, a plus b, or the sum of a and b.
English phrase Mathematical Phrase
Three increased by 8 3+8
7 added to a number x+7
For subtraction, a - b can be expressed as a decreased by b, a minus b, or b less
than a.
English phrase Mathematical Phrase
8 less than 15 15 - 8
A number subtracted from 20 20 - x
For multiplication, a × b can be expressed as a times b, the product of a and b, or a
multiplied by b.
English phrase Mathematical Phrase
5 times a number 5n
The product of a number and -9 -9x
For division, a÷b can be expressed as a divided b, the quotient of a and b or the
ratio of a and b.
English phrase Mathematical Phrase
A number divided by 2 𝑥÷2 𝑜𝑟
𝑥
2
The ratio of – 1 and the sum a number and −1

8 𝑥+8

What’s More
A. Express the following to mathematical expressions:
1. A number added to 5
2. Twice a number minus 3
3. Five times the sum of a number and six
4. One hundred subtracted from a number
5. The quotient of twenty-five and five
B. Express the following mathematical expressions to English phases:
1. -2(x+3)
2. n + 5
3. 18
4. x – (8 +2)
6
 5. 2𝑥
4

What I Can Do
The track and field club decided to have a race. Below is their record.
Name English translation Mathematical Translation
Andy 2 seconds less than Danny’s
time record
George Twice the speed of Danny
Danny x seconds
Louie The sum of Danny and
Andy’s record

What I Have Learned

Operation Keywords Mathematical
expression
added to
Addition plus a +b
increased by
minus
Subtraction less than a-b
is subtracted from
(a)(b)
Multiplication times ab
multiplied by a(b)
𝑎∙𝑏

ratio of a÷b
Division divided by 𝑎
𝑏

Lesson
2 Algebraic Expressions
An algebraic expression is a mathematical expression that is composed of
variables, constants, and algebraic operations. For example,

Let us identify the parts of an algebraic expression. A term can be a variable, or a signed
number multiplied to a variable or a constant and each term is separated by a plus (+) or a
minus (-) sign. In the example above, we have two terms 2x and 1. The first term 2x has two
parts: a numerical coefficient and a literal coefficient. A numerical coefficient is the number
multiplied to a variable, so we can say that 2 is the numerical coefficient of x. A literal
7
coefficient is a variable used to represent a number and it is raised to a power. For example,
3𝑦 , the numerical coefficient is 3 and the literal coefficient is 𝑦 . Take note that the word
6 6

coefficient alone refers to the numerical coefficient. And the last is the constant which is the
term with a fixed value.

What’s In
Instruction: Try to multiply this as fast as you can!
1. 9 x 9 6. 20 x 20
2. 3 x 3 7. 10 x 10 x 10
3. 12 x 12 8. 16 x 16
4. 5 x 5 x 5 x 5 9. 4 x 4 x 4
5. 15 x 15 10. 2 x 2 x 2 x 2

What’s New
FAMILIARIZE!
GUESS THE WORD! MEANING
1. B A N O M I I L Is a polynomial with exactly two terms
2. A A R L I B E V used to represent an unknown value
3. X P E I E O N S R S A group of numbers, variables, and symbols put
together
4. A B G E R A L a branch of mathematics dealing with symbols and
the rules for manipulating those symbols
5. M P O N O Y I A L L is an algebraic expression with one or more terms

What is It
Understanding Exponents
When two numbers or quantities are multiplied, we call it a factor. An exponent show
how many times the base or factor is multiplied by itself. If a is any real number and n is a
positive integer, then

Example 1: We have numerical expression 92, where in 9 is the base and 2 is the exponent. It
can be read as nine squared or nine raised to the second power. Since the exponent is 2, it
shows that we multiply the base to itself two times and it would be expanded as 9 x 9 = 81
Example 2: We have numerical expression 24 where in 2 is the base and 4 is the exponent. It
can be read as two to the fourth power. Since the exponent is 4, it shows that we multiply the
base to itself, and it would be expanded as 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 16

Understanding polynomials

8
 A polynomial is an algebraic expression that has one or more terms. Polynomial comes
from the words, “poly” which means “many” and “nomial” which means “parts” or “terms” in
algebra which gives us the meaning many terms. The terms in a polynomial consists of a
constant, a variable or the product of a constant and a variable raised to a non-negative power.
A term having an exponent of zero is also a polynomial. For example, the expression
2
𝑥 + 5𝑥𝑦 + 2, there are three terms 𝑥 , 5𝑥𝑦 and 2, x is raised to the power of three which is a
3 3 2

positive integer, 5𝑥𝑦2 have two variables x and y, with 1 and 2 exponents respectively, and the
last term is 2 which is also raised by the power of one.
An algebraic expression is NOT a polynomial if:
● The exponent of the variable is negative or a fraction
1

e.g. ( 3𝑦−6 + 5, 2𝑦 )2

● The variable is in the denominator

e.g. ( 1𝑥 , 𝑥+5
2
)
● The variable is inside the radical sign
e.g. ( 𝑥)
Understanding terms of a polynomial
Each term of a polynomial is separated by a sign or operation. For example, we have
2 2
𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 , this polynomial has three terms 𝑥 , 2𝑥𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 . We name a polynomial according
2 2

to the number of terms, observe the table below.

Kind of polynomial Number of terms Example
2
Monomial one term 2x
6
3𝑦
3x + 5
Binomial two terms 2x - 5
2
𝑥 + 5𝑦
3 2
𝑥 + 5𝑥𝑦 + 2
Trinomial three terms 𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦
3 2
3𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦
3 2

Polynomial four or more terms 3

𝑥 + 5𝑥 − 2𝑥 − 2
2 2
𝑥 + 5𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑥 + 2
We call a polynomial with one term, a monomial. Notice the first number is a whole number.
Remember that a number itself is also a polynomial. A polynomial with two terms is called a
binomial. A polynomial with three terms is called a trinomial. And if there are four or more
terms then we simply call it a polynomial.
Understanding the degree of a term
2
Let us find the degree of the term, given the polynomial 𝑥6 + 12𝑥3𝑦 − 3𝑥3𝑦 + 𝑥 − 2.
Term Degree of term
𝑥
6 6
12𝑥 𝑦
3 2 3 +2 = 5
− 3𝑥 𝑦
3 3+1 = 4
𝑥 1
-2 0
To find the degree of the term, identify first the terms in the given polynomial. For the first
term 𝑥6, the variable x is raised to the power of 6, therefore the degree of the term is 6. The
second term 12𝑥3𝑦2 has two variables, x and y, to find the degree of the term add the exponent
of x with the exponent of y. Therefore, adding the exponents 3 and 2 will give us 5 as degree of
term. The term − 3𝑥3𝑦 has the two variables x and y. Simply add the exponents, 3+1, therefore
the degree of the term − 3𝑥3𝑦 𝑖𝑠 4. The term x can also be written as 𝑥1, so the degree of the
term x is 1. For the constant -2, the degree of exponent is 0.
Understanding the degree of a polynomial
9
 2
Example 1: To find the degree of the polynomial 𝑥6 + 12𝑥3𝑦 − 3𝑥3𝑦 + 𝑥 − 2, we have to look at
each term then find the highest degree of the terms by adding the value of each exponent of the
variable/literal coefficient.
Term Degree of term
𝑥
6 6
3
12𝑥 𝑦
2 3 +2 = 5
− 3𝑥 𝑦
3 3+1 = 4
𝑥 1
-2 0
Observe the given polynomial, the highest degree among the terms is 6, therefore the degree of
the polynomial is 6.

10
 2
Example 2: Find the degree of the polynomial 8𝑥3𝑦 2
− 2𝑥 𝑦 − 9

Term Degree of term

8𝑥 𝑦
3 2 3+2=5
2
− 2𝑥 𝑦 2+1 = 3
−9 0
By adding the exponents of the literal coefficient of each term, the term which has the highest
2
degree is 8𝑥3𝑦 with a degree of five. Therefore, the degree of polynomial is 5. From the given
examples, to find the degree of polynomial we have to identify the highest exponent or the sum
of the exponents of the variable in each term.
The standard form of a polynomial is arranged from the term with the highest degree to the
lowest. 3𝑥5− 8𝑥4 − 8𝑥2 − 10
A polynomial can be named according to its degree.
Degree Name Example
0 Constant 1
1 Linear y+2
2 Quadratic 2
𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 9
3 Cubic 3 2
𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 9
4 Quartic 4 2
𝑥 − 𝑥𝑦−1
5 Quintic 5 2
3𝑥 − 8𝑥 + 10

What’s More
a. Find the degree of the polynomial
1. 2x – 1
2. 𝑥3𝑦 + 5𝑥 − 19
3. 3𝑥3 + 25𝑥 − 6
4. 𝑥2𝑦3 + 𝑥𝑦2 + 𝑥 + 11
5. 4y + 1
b. Find the degree of the terms
5
1. 𝑥7 + 3𝑥3𝑦 − 3𝑥4𝑦 + 𝑥 − 2
2. 𝑥2 −4x +21

What I Can Do
Directions: Arrange the polynomials in standard form then identify the name according to the
degree of polynomial.

Polynomial Standard form Name according to the

degree of polynomial
2 5
8𝑥 + 3𝑥 − 10
3 4 5
12𝑦 − 8𝑦 + 3𝑦 + 9
2
20 + 3𝑥 + 9𝑥
3 4 2
− 4𝑥 𝑦 + 6𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 9
7+8x

11
12
 What I Have Learned

Assessment
Instructions: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. Translate to a mathematical term, five times the difference of eight and a number.
a. 5 - 8n c. 5(-8n)
b. 5(8 - n) d. 5(n + 8)
2. If the degree of polynomial is 0 then it is called a _____.
a. Binomial c. Variable
b. Constant d. Monomial
3. What is the exponent in the numerical expression 5 x 5 x 5 x 5?
a. 5 c. 4
b. 6 d. 1
4 3
4. What is the degree of the term − 12𝑥 𝑦 ?
a. 4 c. 6
b. 5 d. 7
5. ______________ a variable used to represent a number and can be raised to a power.
a. exponent c. numerical coefficient
b. literal coefficient d. term
6. ______________can be a variable or a signed number multiplied to a variable or a
constant and each term is separated by a plus or minus sign.
a. literal coefficient c. numerical coefficient
b. exponent d. term
2
7. What is the degree of the polynomial 2𝑥7 − 5𝑥4𝑦 − 3𝑥3𝑦 + 16𝑥2 + 5 ?
a. 7 c. 9
b. 8 d. 10
8. Which among the following is NOT a polynomial?
a. 𝑎𝑥 c. – 2x
b. 18 d. 12𝑎
9. Twice a number minus 9 is translated as
a. 2x – 9 c. 2(9x)
b. 9 - 2x d. None of the above
3 2
10. What is the degree of the polynomial 9𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑥 𝑦 + 3𝑦2 ?
2

a. 3 c. 5
b. 4 d. 6
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 Answer Key
LESSON 1
What I know What’s More What I Can Do
1. c A.
2. c 1. 5 + x Name Mathematical
3. c 2. 2x -3 Translation
4. b 3. 5(x + 6) Andy x–2
5. c 4. x -100 George 2x
6. d 5. 25/5 or 25÷5 Danny x
7. d Louie x + (x – 2)
8. c B. Answers may vary.
9. b
10 d.
LESSON 2
What’s More What I Can Do Assessment
A.
1. 1 1. b
2. 4 2. b
3. 3 Polynomial Standard Form Name According to 3. c
4. 5 the Degree of the 4. d
5. 1 Polynomial 5. b
B. 6. d
8x2 + 3x5 -10 3x5 + 8x2 -10 Quintic
1. 𝑥7 = 7 7. a
3 5
3𝑥 𝑦 = 8
12y3 - 8y4 + 3y5 + 9 3y5 - 8y4 +12y3 + 9 Quintic 8. a
4
− 3𝑥 𝑦 = 5 20 + 3x2 + 9x 3x2 + 9x +20 Quadratic 9. a
𝑥= 1
-4x3y + 6x4 + 3y2 + 9 6x4 - 4x3y + 3y2 +9 Quartic 10. c
-2 = 0
7 + 8x 8x + 7 Linear
2
2. 𝑥 = 2
− 4𝑥 = 1
21= 0
References:
Algebraic Expressions (2021) BYJU’s.
https://byjus.com/maths/algebraic-expressions/
Polynomials (2021) BYJU’s.
https://byjus.com/maths/polynomial/
Mastin, Luke (2020) Algebraic Expressions. The Story of Mathematics.
https://www.storyofmathematics.com/algebraic-expressions
Translating Algebraic Expressions to Words(n.d) lumen Prealgebra.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/prealgebra/chapter/translating-algebraic-expressions-from-words/
A Guide for Translating Verbal Expressions to Algebraic Expressions
https://www.palmbeachstate.edu/prepmathlw/Documents/translatingkeywords.pdf
Pierce, Rod. (22 Apr 2021). "Degree (of an Expression)". Math Is Fun. Retrieved 20 Jun 2021 from
http://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/degree-expression.html
Pierce, Rod. (27 Nov 2020). "Exponents". Math Is Fun. Retrieved 20 Jun 2021 from
http://www.mathsisfun.com/exponent.html
Pierce, Rod. (5 Dec 2018). "Polynomials". Math Is Fun. Retrieved 20 Jun 2021 from
http://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/polynomials.html
Pierce, Rod. (8 Aug 2018). "Definition of Constant". Math Is Fun. Retrieved 20 Jun 2021 from
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Dawkins, Paul.(8 Oct 2018) “Integer Exponents”. Pauls Online Notes.
https://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/classes/alg/integerexponents.aspx
Fair & Bragg(2013). Prentice Hall Algebra 1. Algebraic Expressions p.2-3
Expression (2020).Splashlearn.
https://www.splashlearn.com/math-vocabulary/number-sense/expression
Arnold Davis (15 Aug 2020) “Mathematical Expression” Libretext.
https://math.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/PreAlgebra/Book%3A_Prealgebra_(Arnold)/03%3A_The_Fundamentals_of_Alg
ebra/3.01%3A_Mathematical_Expressions

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