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    CHRISTIAN CALAMBA
    1) Several studies found high rates of depression, anxiety, PTSD and stress among emergency department nurses and staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. Rates of depression were found to be as high as 43.61% in one study of over 1000 ED nurses in China. 2) Working on the frontlines of the pandemic in emergency departments exposed nurses to high levels of stress and suffering that negatively impacted their mental health and well-being. Witnessing patient suffering, high work pressures, and fears of contamination were identified as key stressors. 3) Younger nurses, those with fewer years of experience, and those working longer hours or in areas with high COVID-19 caseloads reported higher risks of

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    1) Several studies found high rates of depression, anxiety, PTSD and stress among emergency department nurses and staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. Rates of depression were found to be as high as 43.61% in one study of over 1000 ED nurses in China. 2) Working on the frontlines of the pandemic in emergency departments exposed nurses to high levels of stress and suffering that negatively impacted their mental health and well-being. Witnessing patient suffering, high work pressures, and fears of contamination were identified as key stressors. 3) Younger nurses, those with fewer years of experience, and those working longer hours or in areas with high COVID-19 caseloads reported higher risks of

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    1) Several studies found high rates of depression, anxiety, PTSD and stress among emergency department nurses and staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. Rates of depression were found to be as high as 43.61% in one study of over 1000 ED nurses in China. 2) Working on the frontlines of the pandemic in emergency departments exposed nurses to high levels of stress and suffering that negatively impacted their mental health and well-being. Witnessing patient suffering, high work pressures, and fears of contamination were identified as key stressors. 3) Younger nurses, those with fewer years of experience, and those working longer hours or in areas with high COVID-19 caseloads reported higher risks of

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    13 views3 pages

    RRL

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    CHRISTIAN CALAMBA
    1) Several studies found high rates of depression, anxiety, PTSD and stress among emergency department nurses and staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. Rates of depression were found to be as high as 43.61% in one study of over 1000 ED nurses in China. 2) Working on the frontlines of the pandemic in emergency departments exposed nurses to high levels of stress and suffering that negatively impacted their mental health and well-being. Witnessing patient suffering, high work pressures, and fears of contamination were identified as key stressors. 3) Younger nurses, those with fewer years of experience, and those working longer hours or in areas with high COVID-19 caseloads reported higher risks of

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    The emergency department is considered to be a high-risk area, as it is often the first stop for

    febrile patients who are subsequently diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019. The study,
    which employed a cross-sectional design, aimed to assess the mental health of emergency
    department medical staff during the epidemic in China. A total of 14,825 doctors and nurses in
    31 provinces of mainland China completed the survey. The prevalence rates of depressive
    symptoms and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were 25.2% and 9.1%, respectively. Men
    were more likely to have depressive symptoms and PTSD than women. Those who were middle
    aged, worked for fewer years, had longer daily work time, and had lower levels of social support
    were at a higher risk of developing depressive symptoms and PTSD. Working in the Hubei
    province was associated with a higher risk of depressive symptoms, while those working in the
    Hubei province but residing in another province had a lower risk of depressive symptoms and
    PTSD. Being a nurse was associated with a higher risk of PTSD (Song, et al., 2020).

    In the study conducted by Hesselink et al. (2021), An online questionnaire was administered during June–
    July 2020 to physicians, nurses and non-clinical staff of four EDs in the Netherlands. Well-being and
    stress symptoms (i.e., cognitive, emotional and physical) were scored for the periods pre, during and after
    the first COVID-19 wave using the World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) and a 10-
    point Likert scale. Stressors were assessed and explored by rating experiences with specific situations
    (i.e., frequency and intensity of distress) and in free-text narratives. Quantitative data were analyzed with
    descriptive statistics and generalized estimating equations (GEE). Narratives were analyzed thematically.
    In total, 192 questionnaires were returned (39% response). Compared to pre-COVID-19, the mean WHO-
    5 index score (range: 0–100) decreased significantly with 14.1 points (p < 0.001) during the peak of the
    first wave and 3.7 points (< 0.001) after the first wave. Mean self-perceived stress symptom levels almost
    doubled during the peak of the first wave (≤0.005). Half of the respondents reported experiencing more
    moral distress in the ED since the COVID-19 outbreak. High levels of distress were primarily found in
    situations where the staff was unable to provide or facilitate necessary emotional support to a patient or
    family. Analysis of 51 free-texts revealed witnessing suffering, high work pressure, fear of contamination,
    inability to provide comfort and support, rapidly changing protocols regarding COVID-19 care and
    personal protection, and shortage of protection equipment as important stressors. The first COVID-19
    wave took its toll on ED staff. Actions to limit drop-out and illness among staff resulting from
    psychological distress are vital to secure acute care for (non-)COVID-19 patients during future infection
    waves.

    An, et al. stated that, Depression was common among ED nurses during the COVID-19
    pandemic. Considering the negative impact of depression on quality of patient care and nurses’
    QOL, a heightened awareness of, and early treatment for depression for frontline ED nurses
    should be provided. Frontline medical staff exposed to the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-
    19) could be psychologically and mentally exhausted. A study was conducted where a total of
    1103 frontline ED nurses met the study criteria and completed the survey. The overall
    prevalence of depression among ED nurses was 43.61% (95% CI: 40.68–46.54%). Of the
    depressed ED nurses (N=481), 305 (27.7%) reported mild depression, 95 (8.6%) reported
    moderate depression, 58 (5.3%) experienced moderate-to-severe depression, and 23 (2.1%)
    reported severe depression.
    During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, emergency departments and
    fever clinics nurses acted as gatekeepers to the health care system. To manage the
    psychological problems that these nurses experience, we should develop appropriate training
    and intervention programs. Of the 453 nurses, 16 (3.53%) were males, and 437 (96.47%) were
    females. The mean age was 33.15 years (SD = 8.38). The mean working time was 11.33 years
    (SD = 9.25). Among the participants, 281 (62.03%) reported no anxiety symptoms, 154
    (34.00%) reported mild anxiety, 16 (3.53%) reported moderate anxiety, and two (0.44%)
    reported severe anxiety. There were 146 (32.23%) participants with scores greater than 25 in
    the PSS, suggesting excessive stress; 229 (50.55%) participants were more likely to respond
    positively to stress, while 224 (49.45%) were more likely to respond negatively (Cui, et al.,
    2021).

    In the fight against the Covid-19 pandemic, nursing faces situations that affect their
    psychosocial well-being on a daily basis. Negative thoughts and emotions spread, threatening
    the mental health of nurses. The nurses who attend to patients suspected of Covid-19 in the
    emergency services, present greater anxiety than depression. In a few cases they presented
    stress. 39.1% of the nurses presented some degree of anxiety, 24.6% some degree of
    depression and 8.8% some degree of stress. The female sex is associated with the 3 conditions
    studied. Other characteristics associated with any condition are age, years of service, and
    location of the hospital (Obando, et al., 2020).

    REFERENCE:

    Song, X., Fu, W., Liu, X., et al. (2020). Mental health status of medical staff in emergency
    departments during the Coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic in China. Brain, Behavior, and
    Immunity. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7273140/

    Hesselink, G., Straten, L., Gallée, L. et al. Holding the frontline: a cross-sectional survey of
    emergency department staff well-being and psychological distress in the course of the COVID-
    19 outbreak. BMC Health Serv Res 21, 525 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06555-5

    An, Y., Yang, Y., Wang, A., et al. (2020). Prevalence of depression and its impact on quality of
    life among frontline nurses in emergency departments during the COVID-19 outbreak. Science
    Direct. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165032720324381?via%3Dihub
    Cui, S., Y, J., Q, S., et al. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on Anxiety, Stress, and Coping Styles in
    Nurses in Emergency Departments and Fever Clinics: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Dovepress.
    https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S289782

    Obando, Z, et al., (2020). Anxiety, stress and depression in emergency nurses covid-19. World
    Health Organization. https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/global-literature-on-novel-coronavirus-2019-
    ncov/resource/pt/covidwho-1212257?lang=en

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