Normal Form NF Notes Told To Write
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Linda BrownNormal Form NF Notes Told To Write
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Linda Brown1st normal form
A relation is in 1NF if it is already in unnormalized form and it has no
repeating group. Unique Elements, No repeating groups
Conversion- divide repeating group into a sar relation
To remove repeating group.
2nd Normal Form
A relation is in 2NF if it is already in 1NF and it has no partial
dependencies.
Depending on some other dependency is called partial dependency.
Elements depending on some other element is partial dependency.
3rd Normal Form
A relation is in 3NF if it is already in 2NF and should have no
transitive dependency.
Transitive dependency
If a tends to b and b tends to c
Invoice
Repeating group
Transitive Dependency
ISBN → book author
Book author → country
Conclusion: ISBN → depends on Country
A → b and b → c
BCNF
It says that every function has a functional dependency
X→Y, X is super key of the table.
4th Normal Form
A Relation is in 4th NF if it is already in BCNF and it has
no multi values dependency. 4th NF is an improvement
over BCNF since it eliminates the undesirable multi-
value dependency.
Multi Valued Dependency (MVD)
Given a Relation R with attributes A, B &C, the multi-
valued dependency
R (A, B, C)
R∙A→→R∙B
Holds capital R if and only if the set of b values
matching a given A value or C value in capital R
depends only on the A value and is independent of C
values
MVD exists if and only if a relation has at least 3
attributes.
Given relation R with attributes A, B, C
R (A, B, C)
R∙A→→R∙C
MVD are always in pairs it is generally expressed as
R∙A→→R∙B or R∙C
The 4th NF separates independent MVD facts stored in
one table into separate tables. 4th NF is stronger than
BCNF.
VD∙Vehicle→→VD∙Dealer
5th NF
A relation is in 5th NF if it is already in 3rd NF and has no
join dependency.
