JDBC Driver

1. JDBC Drivers
1. JDBC-ODBC bridge driver
2. Native-API driver
3. Network Protocol driver
4. Thin driver

JDBC Driver is a software component that enables java application to interact with the database.There are 4 types
of JDBC drivers:
1. JDBC-ODBC bridge driver
2. Native-API driver (partially java driver)
3. Network Protocol driver (fully java driver)

4. Thin driver (fully java driver)

1) JDBC-ODBC bridge driver

The JDBC-ODBC bridge driver uses ODBC driver to connect to the database. The JDBC-ODBC bridge driver
converts JDBC method calls into the ODBC function calls. This is now discouraged because of thin driver.
Advantages:

o easy to use.
o can be easily connected to any database.

Disadvantages:

o Performance degraded because JDBC method call is converted into the ODBC function calls.
o The ODBC driver needs to be installed on the client machine.

2) Native-API driver

The Native API driver uses the client-side libraries of the database. The driver converts JDBC method calls into
native calls of the database API. It is not written entirely in java.

Advantage:

o performance upgraded than JDBC-ODBC bridge driver.

Disadvantage:
 o The Native driver needs to be installed on the each client machine.
o The Vendor client library needs to be installed on client machine.

3) Network Protocol driver

The Network Protocol driver uses middleware (application server) that converts JDBC calls directly or indirectly
into the vendor-specific database protocol. It is fully written in java.

Advantage:

o No client side library is required because of application server that can perform many tasks like auditing,
load balancing, logging etc.

Disadvantages:

o Network support is required on client machine.

o Requires database-specific coding to be done in the middle tier.
o Maintenance of Network Protocol driver becomes costly because it requires database-specific coding to be
done in the middle tier.
4) Thin driver

The thin driver converts JDBC calls directly into the vendor-specific database protocol. That is why it is known
as thin driver. It is fully written in Java language.

Advantage:

o Better performance than all other drivers.

o No software is required at client side or server side.

Disadvantage:

o Drivers depends on the Database.

5 Steps to connect to the database in java

1. 5 Steps to connect to the database in java

 1. Register the driver class
2. Create the connection object
3. Create the Statement object
4. Execute the query
5. Close the connection object

There are 5 steps to connect any java application with the database in java using JDBC. They are as follows:

o Register the driver class

o Creating connection
o Creating statement
o Executing queries

o Closing connection

1) Register the driver class

The forName() method of Class class is used to register the driver class. This method is used to dynamically
load the driver class.

Syntax of forName() method

1. public static void forName(String className)throws ClassNotFoundException  

Example to register the OracleDriver class

1. Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");  

2) Create the connection object

The getConnection() method of DriverManager class is used to establish connection with the database.

Syntax of getConnection() method

1. 1) public static Connection getConnection(String url)throws SQLException  
2. 2) public static Connection getConnection(String url,String name,String password)  
3. throws SQLException  
 Example to establish connection with the Oracle database

1. Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection(  
2. "jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe","system","password");  

3) Create the Statement object

The createStatement() method of Connection interface is used to create statement. The object of statement is
responsible to execute queries with the database.

Syntax of createStatement() method

1. public Statement createStatement()throws SQLException  

Example to create the statement object

1. Statement stmt=con.createStatement();  

4) Execute the query

The executeQuery() method of Statement interface is used to execute queries to the database. This method
returns the object of ResultSet that can be used to get all the records of a table.

Syntax of executeQuery() method

1. public ResultSet executeQuery(String sql)throws SQLException  

Example to execute query

1. ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery("select * from emp");  
2.   
3. while(rs.next()){  
4. System.out.println(rs.getInt(1)+" "+rs.getString(2));  
5. }  
 5) Close the connection object

By closing connection object statement and ResultSet will be closed automatically. The close() method of
Connection interface is used to close the connection.

Syntax of close() method

1. public void close()throws SQLException  

Example to close connection

1. con.close();  

Example to Connect Java Application with Oracle database

import java.sql.*;  
class OracleCon{  
public static void main(String args[]){  
try{  
//step1 load the driver class  
Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");  
  //step2 create  the connection object  
Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection(  
"jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe","system","oracle");  
10.   //step3 create the statement object  
11. Statement stmt=con.createStatement();  
12.   //step4 execute query  
13. ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery("select * from emp");  
14. while(rs.next())  
15. System.out.println(rs.getInt(1)+"  "+rs.getString(2)+"  "+rs.getString(3));  
16.   //step5 close the connection object  
17. con.close();  
18.   }catch(Exception e){ System.out.println(e);}  
19.   
20. }  
}