WRITING TASK 1-PROCESS IELTS

PROCESS

I. Ways of analyzing a process:

1. Tìm ra điểm bắt đầu và kết thúc của quy trình (Process).

2. Nắm rõ quy trình hoạt động của Process (có bao nhiêu bước, những thành phần tham gia, …). Sử dụng câu
hỏi WH.

3. There are 2 kinds of process:

- natural process

- manufacturing process

II. Some useful advice about how to describe a process:

Process diagrams show how something is done or made. They always show steps/stages. Here's some advice
about how to describe them:

 Try to write 4 paragraphs - introduction, summary of main points, 2 detail paragraphs.

 Write the introduction by paraphrasing the question (rewrite it by changing some of the words).

 For your summary, first say how many steps there are in the process. Then say where/how the process begins
and ends (look at the first and last stages).

 In paragraphs 3 and 4, describe the process step by step. Include the first and last steps that you mentioned in
the summary, but try to describe them in more detail or in a different way.

 You could describe the steps in one paragraph, but it looks more organised if you break the description into
two paragraphs. Just start paragraph 4 somewhere in the middle of the process.

 Mention every stage in the process.

 Use 'sequencing' language e.g. at the first / second / following / final stage of the process, next, after that, then,
finally etc.

 Times (e.g. past dates) are not usually shown, so use the present simple tense.

 It's usually a good idea to use the passive for man-made process e.g. ‘At the final stage, the product is
delivered to shops' (because we don't need to know who delivered the product) (but not for natural ones)

III. OUTLINE

A. INTRODUCTION: (Paraphrase the question)

1. The diagram shows/illustrates various/ different / distinct stages in the (production/ manufacture/… of Sth.
from Sth.else)

2. This diagram illustrates how Sth. is made/ produced/ manufactured from Sth. else through various steps.

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the process in which Sth. is made / …

3. The picture [illustrates/ indicates/ shows/ presents] the way in which noun + verb in the natural process
known as .....

B. OVERVIEW

 Overall, there are [how many] stages/ steps in …., beginning at/with …and finishing with … / The final
step(s) show(s) …

_______________________________________ , from the stage of …. to the stage of …

 In general, the process includes a series of stages like a natural circle (1 vòng tròn tự nhiên)/ a life cycle
of…………..(một vòng đời của 1 con vật nào đó), but involves……………..main steps which begins
with……………………..and finishes with…………………….

C. 2 DETAILED PARAGRAPHS

1. At the beginning of the process, …. = In the first step / stage of this process, = At first, …

Next, /Then, /After that, / Following that …/ Subsequently, …/ From this, …

S in turn V … / Simultaneously, …

2. At the [ordinal number] stage, …

Finally, … / In the last step of the process, …

Note:

 Then, subsequently, in turn are used after TO BE, before main verb.

The liquid then enters a maturation phase before being filtered and then bottled, canned or put into tankers for
transportation.

 Đa dạng cấu trúc trong Process bằng cách sử dụng 4 cấu trúc cơ bản của động từ.
- V_ed (bị động)
- Being V_ed (rút gọn dạng bị động của MĐQH)
- V_ing (nói đến thao tác)
- V_er (máy)
 Một số cấu trúc nên dùng trong khi viết Process
 S + tobe + V-ed (bị động)
 E.g. At the beginning of the process, clay is dug from the ground.
 Being + V-ed (mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn với thể bị động)
E.g. After being washed, the tomatoes are moved to the grilling stage.
 V-ing (khi nói đến thao tác): chú ý đây là câu rút gọn khi 2 chủ ngữ giống nhau
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E.g. After that, the ground, frozen liquid is dried in a vacuum so that the water evaporates,
leaving the coffee granules
 Rút gọn khi 2 câu chung chủ ngữ 
E.g. Having mixed the pulp by hand, he uses a rolling pin to flatten the pulp
Having been poured into a shallow tray with some water, the pulp is then mixed by hand
 Sử dùng liên từ phụ thuộc WHILE
E.g. While bottles are transported to a cleaning factory, other kinds of waste are buried in
landfills. (Trong khi những cái chai được vận chuyển đến một nhà máy làm sạch, các loại rác
thải khác được chôn ở bãi rác.)
 Rút gọn với WITH
 E.g. Olives are smashed into olive paste, with olive stones being taken away. (Những trái ô liu
được nghiền thành bột nhão, với những hạt ô liu được lấy đi.)

MODEL REPORT:

The diagram below shows how sugar is produced from sugar beets. Write a report for a university lecture
describing the information in the diagram about sugar.

You should write at least 150 words.

Model answer:

The given diagram illustrates the production of sugar from sugar beets through various stages.

Overall, there are nine stages in the given process, beginning with the delivery of sugar beets after harvesting to
the manufacturing plant and ending with the crystallization to make the final product.

First of all, beets are harvested before being transported by a truck to a factory where dirt and rocks must be
removed. After that, beets which are cleaned in a large washer are cut into small pieces called cossettes. They
are then boiled at 70 degrees to make sugar juice. Subsequently, this liquid goes through the next step when
milk of lime is added to clean it.

As soon as this mixture is filtered to create pure clean sugar juice, it is heated several times at a certain
temperature so that water can evaporate. Finally, it is centrifuged to crystalize into the final product and is
stored before being delivered to customers.

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STRUCTURE FOR WRITING COMPLEX SENTENCES

1. When/ Once/ As soon as/ Before/ After/ While

The sugar beets are harvested from the field. They are transported to a factory by truck.

……………………………………………………………………………………

2. Relative clause (which/ that) (cái nào xảy ra trước thì dùng mệnh đề quan hệ)

The sugar beets are harvested from the field. They are transported to a factory by truck.

……………………………………………………………………………………

3. Adverbial clause (When/ Where)

The beets are transported by truck to a factory. At the factory, they are cleaned thoroughly in large washers.

……………………………………………………………………………………

The sugar juice is boiled at 70 degrees in the next step. In this step, milk of lime is also added to the juice.

……………………………………………………………………………………

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S is / are sent to the next

step when S be V3

S go/ goes through the

next step when S V

4. Present Participle and Past Participle (Only for Same Subjects)

The sugar beets are harvested from the field. They are transported to a factory by truck.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

THE LANGUAGE OF MANUFACTURING PROCESS

Centrifuge (n/v): li tâm, tách chất

Crystallize (v): tạo tinh thể

Recycle (v): tái chế -> recycling (n)

Mill (n) = factory, plant, processing plant, foundry, industrial unit

(v): nghiền

Pulp (n): bột (made by crushing plants, wood, vegetables)

Wood pulp: bột giấy

(v): tạo thành bột

Grade (v): phân loại = classify, class, categorize, sort + INTO

Remnant (n): tàn dư, cặn

Roast (v): rang

Grind (v)-ground-ground: nghiền = crush, pound, pulverize, mill, powder, granulate, grate

Strain (v): lọc nước, để ráo nước

Granule (n): hạt nhỏ E.g. coffee granules

Evaporate (v): bốc hơi (I/T)

Molten (v): làm tan chảy

Solidify (v): đông đặc => solidification (n)

Mould / mold (v/n): khuôn, đổ khuôn

Impurity (n): chất cặn bã

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Furnace (n): bình điện phân, bình đốt nóng, nung chảy

Kiln (n): bình điện phân (a furnace or oven for burning, baking, drying, especially one for calcining lime or
firing pottery)

Ferment (v): lên men -> fermentation (n)

PRACTICE

Practice 1: The diagram below shows how coffee is produced and prepared for sale in supermarkets and
shops.

Sample answer :

The picture illustrates the process of coffee manufacture and preparation for sale on the market.

It is clear that there are 11 stages in the production of coffee. The process begins with the picking of coffee
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beans, and ends at the packing stage.

Looking at the coffee production process in detail, coffee beans must first be picked in the fields. These beans
are then dried, roasted, and cooled before being put in a grinding machine, which turns the beans into coffee
granules.

At the sixth stage in the process, the ground coffee is mixed with hot water, and the resulting mixture is
strained. Next, the mixture is frozen and then passed once again through the grinder. After that, the ground,
frozen liquid is dried in a vacuum so that the water evaporates, leaving the coffee granules. Finally, these
granules are packed into coffee jars for delivery to shops.

(150 words, band 9)

Practice 2:

SAMPLE:

The flowchart illustrates the process of milk production. Overall, the process consists of 6 steps, starting from
the stage of cows grazing to the stage of delivering the final products to customers.

The first step of the process involves cows which are grazing in grass fields. After that, cows will be milked
twice a day thanks to the use of a special milking machine. Raw milk from cows is then stored in refrigeration
facilities to ensure that its best quality is maintained. A milk tanker is then used to deliver stored milk to Dairy
on a daily basis.

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The Dairy is where industrial and manufacturing techniques are required to create finished milk. After this step,
finished milk will be delivered in two ways. It can be processed one more time to produce cheese, cream and
butter. Otherwise, processed milk from the Dairy will be automatically pasteurised and packaged in an
assembly line. This stage is followed by the delivery of packaged milk to supermarkets and shops where
customers normally purchase their milk.

[172 words]

NATURAL PROCESS

Question 1:

The diagram below shows the water cycle, which is the continuous movement of water on, above and
below the surface of the Earth.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where
relevant.

Write at least 150 words

New Vocab:

 evaporation (noun): sự bốc hơi

 condense (verb): ngưng tụ

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 water vapour (noun): hơi nước

 precipitation (noun): sự kết tủa, sự rơi xuống của mưa

 surface runoff (noun): dòng chảy của nước trên mặt đất

 intrusion (noun) (intrude là verb): sự xâm nhập

    --> salt water intrusion: sự xâm nhập của nước mặn, khiến cho nước ngầm (vốn là nước ngọt) khi chảy
ra đến gần biển sẽ bị làm mặn.

 impervious (adjective): trơ, không thấm nước

    --> impervious layer: lớp đất không thấm nước

Planning:

Introduction Paraphrase lại đề theo template đã cho

Overview Viết theo template đã cho. Đây là một chu trình tuần hoàn nên nó không thực
sự có bắt đầu hay kết thúc, vậy bạn chọn bước nào là bắt đầu cũng được. Ở đây
bài mẫu sẽ bắt đầu từ bước 'evaporation'.

Body paragraph Mô tả từng bước của chu trình này

Sample:

The picture illustrates the way in which water passes from ocean to air to land during the natural process known
as the water cycle.

Overall, the process has different stages starting from when ocean water evaporates, falls as rain,
and eventually runs back into the oceans again.

Beginning at the evaporation stage, 80% of water vapour in the air comes from the oceans. Heat from the sun
causes water to evaporate, and water vapour condenses to form clouds. The second phase labelled
‘precipitation’ on the diagram take place when waterfalls as rain or snow. 

At the third stage in the cycle, rainwater may take various paths. Some of it may fall into lakes or return to the
oceans via ‘surface runoff’. Otherwise, rainwater may filter through the ground, reaching the impervious layer
of the earth. Salt water intrusion is shown to happen just before groundwater passes into the oceans to complete
the cycle.

(Simon, 153 words, band 9)

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Question 2: The diagram below shows the life cycle of a salmon, from eggs to adult fish.

Introduction:

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1 câu – paraphrase lại đề thi bằng cách dùng từ/cụm từ đồng nghĩa.

Vậy là chúng ta sẽ có một mở bài hoàn chỉnh: The diagram illustrates various stages in the development of
a salmon.

Overview

Khoảng 2 câu – chỉ nêu những đặc điểm nổi bật nhất/ chính nhất trong biểu đồ. Đối với dạng Process như trên,
Huyền thường chỉ viết 1 câu nêu 2 đặc điểm:

1. Có tổng bao nhiêu giai đoạn trong cả quá trình?

2. Nói tóm tắt: giai đoạn 1 và giai đoạn cuối

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Từ các điểm chính chúng ta rút ra ở trên, ta có một tổng quan như sau: Overall, there are eight stages in the
life cycle of the salmon, starting with eggs and continuing until they become fully-grown adults.

Bodies

OUTLINE

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CHUẨN BỊ TỪ VỰNG

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THÂN BÀI HOÀN CHỈNH

At the first stage in the life cycle, the female salmon chooses the best spot in rivers and lays a massive number
of eggs, which are then incubated before developing into tiny fish. At this point, the fish have a long tail and do
not yet have the appearance of a normal fish. In the next stage, the fish grow quickly in size and move
downstream to freshwater areas, which are suitable for rearing, before migrating to estuaries where they
continue to be reared.

At the following stage in the life cycle, the young fish become much bigger and begin their journey to the ocean
where they develop into mature adult salmon. The adult fish migrate upstream to spawning areas of rivers
where they will mate and spawn, and the life cycle starts again.

Sample Answer

The diagram illustrates various stages in the development of a salmon.

Overall, there are eight stages in the life cycle of the salmon, starting with eggs and continuing until they
become fully-grown adults.

At the first stage in the life cycle, the female salmon chooses the best spot in rivers and lays a massive number
of eggs, which are then incubated before developing into tiny fish. At this point, the fish have a long tail and do
not yet have the appearance of a normal fish. In the next stage, the fish grow quickly in size and move
downstream to freshwater areas, which are suitable for rearing, before migrating to estuaries where they
continue to be reared.

At the following stage in the life cycle, the young fish become much bigger and begin their journey to the ocean
where they develop into mature adult salmon. The adult fish migrate upstream to spawning areas of rivers
where they will mate and spawn, and the life cycle starts again.

(written by Nguyen Huyen)

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Question 3:

The diagrams below show the life cycle of the silkworm and the stages in the production of silk cloth.

The diagrams illustrate the stages in the life of a silkworm and the process of producing silk cloth.

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There are four main stages in the life cycle of the silkworm, from eggs to adult moth. The process of silk cloth
production involves six steps, from silkworm cocoon to silk material.

At the first stage in the life cycle of a silkworm, the moth lays its eggs. Around ten days later, silkworm larvae
hatch from the eggs; these larvae feed on mulberry leaves. Then, after four to six weeks, the larvae become
covered in silk thread, and it takes between three and eight days for a full cocoon to be produced.

For silk cloth production, a cocoon is first selected and then boiled in water. After boiling, the silk thread that
makes up the cocoon is unwound, and then several strands of thread are twisted together. At the fifth and sixth
stages in the process, the thread can either be dyed and then woven into silk fabric, or it can be woven first and
then dyed subsequently.

(Simon, 176 words, band 9)

Question 4:

The diagram below shows the life cycle of a salmon, from eggs to adult fish.

Planning:

 Overview: có tổng cộng nhiều stages trong vòng đời của con cá hồi, bắt đầu bằng việc đẻ trứng đến con
cá spawn and die within 2 weeks

 Body 1: Từ bước đẻ trứng đến Parr: mô tả các bước này khi salmon nó chưa ra hình dạng của con cá
hoàn chỉnh 

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 Body 2: từ bước Smoilt đến Spawning adult

SOMES QUESTIONS FOR FURTHER PRACTICE

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