Karen Lizeth Hernández Chávez.

Inglês Escola Secundária de Caldas das Taipas

2011/2012
CURSO PROFISSIONAL DE TÉCNICO DE APOIO À INFÂNCIA –– 11º ANO –– TURMA M

English worksheet no 5
Module 4 – The media and global communication

VERB TENSES:
Simple Present, Present Continuous, Simple Past, Past Continuous,
Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous

Simple Present
We use the Simple Present to: Expressions used:
- describe routines and regular/habitual actions or permanent states; always usually
- express a present state or a truth (scientific actions or facts). often sometimes
never frequently
rarely every…
To form the affirmative form we use the infinitive without to (love)
and to form the 3rd person singular in the affirmative form we add s but:
- vowel + y - add s
- consonant + y - i and add es
- o, ss, sh, ch, x - add es

In the negative and interrogative we use the auxiliary To do, in the Simple Present (do or does):
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
subject + main verb subject + auxiliary (neg) + main verb auxiliary verb + subject + main verb ?
(don't / doesn't) (infinitive) (do / does) (infinitive)
I work I don't work Do I work?
You work You don't work Do you work?
He / She / It works He / She / It doesn't work Does he / she / it work?
We work We don't work Do we work?
You work You don't work Do you work?
They work They don't work Do they work?

Present Continuous
We use the Present Continuous to: Expressions used:
- describe actions happening now (at the moment of speaking); now at the/this moment
- describe repeated and annoying actions; this… at present tomorrow
- express fixed arrangements in the near future (arranged previously).

To form the affirmative, negative and interrogative forms we use the auxiliary To be, in the Simple
Present, and the gerund of the main verb (infinitive + ing):
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
subject + auxiliary + main verb subject + auxiliary (neg) + main verb auxiliary verb + subj. + main verb ?
(am/are/is) (gerund) (am/are/is not) (gerund) (am/are/is) (gerund)
I am working I'm not working Am I working?
You are working You aren't working Are you working?
He / She / It is working He / She / It isn't working Is he / she / it working?
We are working We aren't working Are we working?
You are working You aren't working Are you working?
They are working They aren't working Are they working?
Karen Lizeth Hernández Chávez.

Simple Past
We use the Simple Past to: Expressions used:
- talk about past actions, finished at a definite time; yesterday
- describe regular actions in the past; … ago
last…
- express something that you think is unlikely to happen.

To form the affirmative form we have to make a distinction between regular and irregular verbs:
Regular verbs:
- add ed to the infinitive but: Irregular verbs:
- ending in e - add d only (2nd column of the list)
- vowel + y - add ed
- consonant + y - i and add ed

In the negative and interrogative forms we use the auxiliary To do, in the Simple Past (did), both for
regular and irregular verbs:
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
subject + main verb subject + auxiliary (neg) + main verb auxiliary verb + subject + main verb ?
(didn't) (infinitive) (did) (infinitive)
I worked / came I didn't work / come Did I work / come?
You worked You didn't work Did you work?
He / She / It worked He / She / It didn't work Did he / she / it work?
We worked We didn't work Did we work?
You worked You didn't work Did you work?
They worked They didn't work Did they work?

Past Continuous
Expressions used:
She was sleeping when the accident happened.
when while While she was sleeping, the accident happened.
We use the Past Continuous to:
- describe an action happening at a particular time in the past;
- describe actions taking place at the same time in the past;
- describe an event which was happening when another one happened (the action in course was
interrupted by another one in the past)
(something was happening when something else happened // while something was happening something else happened).

To form the affirmative, negative and interrogative forms we use the auxiliary To be, in the Simple
Past, and the gerund of the main verb (infinitive + ing):
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
subject + auxiliary + main verb subject + auxiliary (neg) + main verb auxiliary verb + subj. + main verb ?
(was/were) (gerund) (was/were not) (gerund) (was/were) (gerund)
I was working I wasn't working Was I working?
You were working You weren't working Were you working?
He / She / It was working He / She / It wasn't working Was he / she / it working?
We were working We weren't working Were we working?
You were working You weren't working Were you working?
They were working They weren't working Were they working?
Karen Lizeth Hernández Chávez.
Present Perfect
We use the Present Perfect to:
- describe actions which started in the past and continue to the present, with results in the present.
Ex: I have eaten eggs for breakfast since I was a child. Where’s the key? I don’t know. I’ve lost it. (I haven’t got it now.)
- talk about a recent action.
Ex: The road is closed. There has been an accident. Expressions used:
Still (até agora) - negative sentences ever (alguma vez) never
(between the subject and the auxiliary verb)
Yet (ainda) - negative and interrogative sentences just (há pouco tempo/mesmo agora)
(at the end of the sentence)
Already (já) - affirmative and interrogative sentences already yet still
(between the auxiliary verb and the main verb)
since for this…
For - + a period of time (durante/há) Since - + a point in time (desde)

To form the affirmative, negative and interrogative forms we use the auxiliary To have, in the
Simple Present, and the past participle (3rd column (irregular verbs) or ed (regular verbs)):
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
subject + auxiliary + main verb subject + auxiliary (neg) + main verb auxiliary verb + subj. + main verb ?
(has/have) (p.p.) (has/have not) (p.p.) (has/have) (p.p.)
I have worked I haven't worked Have I worked?
You have worked You haven't worked Have you worked?
He / She / It has worked He / She / It hasn't worked Has he / she / it worked?
We have worked We haven't worked Have we worked?
You have worked You haven't worked Have you worked?
They have worked They haven't worked Have they worked?

Present Perfect Continuous

We use the Present Perfect Continuous to:
- describe an action which ended recently, with a close relation to the present time;
Ex: You’re out of breath. Have you been running? (you are out of breath now)
- Is it raining? - No, but the ground is wet. It has been raining.
- describe actions which started in the past and are still happening.
Ex: Where have you been? I have been looking for you for an hour.
It is raining now. It began raining two hours ago and it is still raining. It has been raining for two hours.

The Present Perfect Continuous is usually used with for and since to describe repeated actions, expressing anger or criticism.
For (há) Since(desde)
two hours a week 8 o’clock 1977
20 minutes 50 years Monday Christmas
five days a long time 12 May lunchtime
six months ages April he was at school

To form the affirmative, negative and interrogative forms we use the auxiliary To have, in the Simple
Present, plus the past participle of the verb To be (been) and the main verb in the gerund (-ing):
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
subject + auxiliary + been + main verb Subj. + auxiliary in the neg.+ been + main verb auxiliary verb + subj.+ been + main verb?
(has/have) (p.p. to be) (ing) (hasn’t/haven’t) (p.p. to be) (ing) (has/have) (p.p. to be) (ing)
I have been working I haven't been working Have I been working?
You have been working You haven't been working Have you been working?
He / She / It has been working He / She / It hasn't been working Has he / she / it been working?
We have been working We haven't been working Have we been working?
You have been working You haven't been working Have you been working?
They have been working They haven't been working Have they been working?

Has Painted is the present perfect simple.

The action is finished. We are interested in the result of the action, not in the action itself.
Ex: The ceiling was white. Now it is blue. Ann has painted the ceiling.
Has been painting is the present perfect continuous.
We are interested in the action. It doesn’t matter if the action was finished or not, but it is usually unfinished.
Ex: Ann’s clothes are covered in paint. She has been painting the ceiling.
Karen Lizeth Hernández Chávez.
Nome: Brayan Fernando Padilla Rodriguez Padilla No. 0303-1999-00247.
Fill in the blanks with the Present Perfect Simple or the Present Perfect Continuous of the verbs in
brackets. Put the adverbs in the correct place when necessary.
1. This room is a mess! What you have been doing (you/to do) all day?
2. Look at that man over there. He has been standing (to stand) there for hours.
3. He has been cleaning (to clean) the windows and he is cleaning the windows and he hasn't finished
(not/to finish) yet.
4. The magazine has published (to publish) a report on English-speakers. It’s excellent!
5. The teacher was late. When he arrived, the students said “We have waited (to wait) for you for half an
hour, teacher!”.
6. The teacher was late. When he arrived, someone told him “The students have been waiting (to wait) for
you for half an hour and then they have gone! You were so late!”.
7. They have been living (to live) there for ages but they moved last week.
8. They have lived (to live) here for ages and they love this place.
9. Peter has finished (to finish) his book at last.
10. They have been queuing (to queue) since midday and they are still waiting for their turn.
11. She has been waiting (to wait) for one hour but she has left because they had to go to work.
12. He has been playing (to play) golf for ten years but then he stopped due to health problems.

CLEFT SENTENCES WITH “WHAT”

INSTRUCTIONS: Rewrite the sentences using Cleft Sentences with What. Make sure that the
complement and the verb to be match correctly.
EXAMPLE: Adriana doesn’t like pop music.
What Adriana doesn’t like is pop music.

1. They really love rock music.

What they love is rock music.
2. I can’t stand politicians’ publicity.
What I can't stand is politicians' publicity.
3. The clown made everyone laugh.
What made me laugh was the clown.
4. I don’t understand the lyrics.
What I don't understand are the lyrics of this song.
5. Carlos enjoyed the concert.
What Carlos enjoyed is the concert.
6. Douglas can play the piano.
What Douglas can play is the piano.
7. The song made us sing.
What made us sing was the song.
8. I like reggae music.
What I like is reggae music.
Karen Lizeth Hernández Chávez.
9. I didn’t care for the dogs.
What I don't like is dogs.
10. I needed a good melody.
What I needed is a good melody