Cell Phone Operated Landrover

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CHAPTER – 1
 INTRODUCTION
 [ A ] BLOCK DIAGRAM
 [ B ] CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
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INTRODUCTION :
RADIO CONTROL (OFTEN ABBREVIATED TO R/C OR SIMPLY
RC) IS THE USE OF RADIO SIGNALS TO REMOTELY CONTROL A
DEVICE. THE TERM IS USED FREQUENTLY TO REFER TO THE
CONTROL OF MODEL VEHICLES FROM A HAND-HELD RADIO
TRANSMITTER. INDUSTRIAL, MILITARY, AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
ORGANIZATIONS MAKE [TRAFFIC] USE OF RADIO-CONTROLLED
VEHICLES AS WELL.A REMOTE CONTROL VEHICLE IS DEFINED AS ANY
MOBILE DEVICE THAT IS CONTROLLED BY A MEANS THAT DOES NOT
RESTRICT ITS MOTION WITH AN ORIGIN EXTERNAL TO THE DEVICE.
THIS IS OFTEN A RADIO CONTROL DEVICE, CABLE BETWEEN
CONTROL AND VEHICLE, OR AN INFRARED CONTROLLER. A REMOTE
CONTROL VEHICLE (ALSO CALLED AS RCV) DIFFERS FROM A ROBOT
IN THAT THE RCV IS ALWAYS CONTROLLED BY A HUMAN AND TAKES
NO POSITIVE ACTION AUTONOMOUSLY. ONE OF THE KEY
TECHNOLOGIES WHICH UNDERPIN THIS FIELD IS THAT OF REMOTE
VEHICLE CONTROL. IT IS VITAL THAT A VEHICLE SHOULD BE
CAPABLE OF PROCEEDING ACCURATELY TO A TARGET AREA;
MANEUVERING WITHIN THAT AREA TO FULFILL ITS MISSION
ANDRETUR NING EQUALLY ACCURATELY AND SAFELY TO BASE.
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[A] BLOCK DIAGRAM :

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[B] CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION :
The important components of this robot are a DTMF

decoder, microcontroller and motor driver. A CM8870
series DTMF decoder is used here. All types of the CM8870
series use digital counting techniques to detect and decode
all the 16 DTMF tone pairs into a 4-bit code output. The
built-in dial tone rejection circuit eliminates the need of
pre-filtering.
When the input signals are given at pins 1(IN+) &
2(IN-) , a differential input configuration is recognized to be
effective, the correct 4-bit decode signal of the DTMF tone
is transferred to (pin11) through (pin14) outputs. The
pin11 to pin14 of DTMF decoder are connected to the pins
of microcontroller (P1.4 to P1.7).
The 89V51RD2 is a 8-bit 80C51, 5V low power 64
kB Flash microcontroller with 1 kB RAM. it provides the
following features: 64 kB of on-chip Flash program memory
with ISP (In-System Programming) and IAP (In-Application
Programming), Four 8-bit I/O ports with three high-current
Port 1 pins (16 mA each),Three 16-bit timers/counters.
Outputs from port pins P0.0 through P0.3 and P0.7 of the
microcontroller are fed to the inputs IN1 through IN4 and
enable pins (EN1 and EN2) of motor driver L293D IC,
respectively to drive two geared dc motors. Switch S1 is
used for manual reset. The microcontroller output is not
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sufficient to drive the dc motors, so current drivers are

required for motor rotation.
The L293D is a quad, high-current, half-h driver
designed to provide bidirectional drive currents of up to
600mA at voltages from 4.5V to 36V. It makes it easier to
drive the dc motors. The L293D consists of four drivers.
Pins IN1 through IN4 and OUT1 through OUT4 are the
input and output pins, respectively of driver 1 through
driver 4. Drivers 1 and 2, and driver 3 and 4 are enabled by
enable pin 1(EN1) and pin 9 (EN2), respectively. When
enable input EN1 (pin1) is high, drivers 1 and 2 are
enabled and the outputs corresponding to their inputs are
active. Similarly, enable input EN2 (pin9) enables drivers 3
and 4.
The motors are rotated according to the status of
IN1 to IN4 pins of L293D which in turn are depending on
output pins of microcontroller, viz., P0.0 - P0.3.
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CHAPTER – 2
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :
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CHAPTER – 3
 COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION
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COMPONENT DESCRIPTIONS :
(1)ATMega16
AtMega16 is a 40 pin 8-bit microcontroller. It have
4 port for input and output. In this project application
port 1 is used for input and port 3 for output. When
output of DTMF Decoder Ic MT8870 is inverted by
inverter Ic 74LS04 which also work as schimt trigger
given to port1.Controller take this input and give output
on port 3 as per program. And finally output of controller
is given to Ic L293D which drive the motor.
Input and output from all Ics and motor rotation are
works as per table shown below:
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(2)DTMF DECODER
DTMF means “ Dual tone multiple frequency “.
The robot perceives this dtmf tone with the help of phone
stack in the robot. The received tone is processed by the
ATmega16 microcontroller with the help of DTM decoder
MT8870. The decoder decodes the DTMF tone into its
equivalent bi-nary digit and this binary number is sent
to the micro-controller. The microcontroller is
preprogrammed to take a decision for any given input
and out-puts its decision to motor drivers in order to
drive the motors for forward or backward motion or a
turn.
DTMF output is generated as per table shown
below:
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(3)IC 74LS04:
It works as four in one NOT gate and also works as
schimt trigger. It invert the input, which are come from
DTMF Decoder, which are in analog form into inverted
digital output.
(4)MOTOR DRIVER IC:

The microcontroller output is not sufficient to drive DC
motor so here Ic L293D is used to drive motor. Input is
given from port 3 of microcontroller.Driver are enabled in
pair with driver 1 and 2 enabeled by 1, 2EN and driver 3
and 4 enable by 3,4EN. When an enable input is high, the
associated drivers are enable,their output are active and in
phase with their input.
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(5) CRYSTAL
In this project two crystals of value 12MHz and
3.57MHz are used for pulse generation. 12MHz crystal is
connected to microcontroller and 3.57MHz crystal is
connected with DTMF decoder.
(6)RESISTOR
Resistor are used for bias control and over load
protection.
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CHAPTER – 4
 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION
 FLOWCHART
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SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION :
(C PRORAGRAM CODE)
Source program:
Robit.c
#include <mega16.h>
void main(void)
{unsigned int k, h;
DDRA=0x00;
DDRD=0XFF;
while (1)
k =~PINA;
h=k & 0x0F;
switch (h)
case 0x02: //if I/P is 0x02
PORTD=0x89;//O/P 0x89 ie Forward
break;
}
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case 0x08: //if I/P is 0x08
PORTD=0x86; //O/P 0x86 ie Backward
break;
case 0x04:
PORTD=0x85; // Left turn
break;
case 0x06:
PORTD=0x8A; // Right turn
break;
case 0x05:
PORTD=0x00; // Stop
break;
}
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}
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FLOWCHART :
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CHAPTER -5
 PCB LAYOUT
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CHAPTER – 6
 TROUBLE-SHOOTING
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TROUBLE SHOOTING :
Although the concept & design of the project seemed

perfect, there were some problems faced while actual
implementation:
1. Connecting HandsFree of cell phone to DTMF decoder IC
input:
There were several types of HandsFree cords available in
the market, the right one had to be chosen from them.
Several ways to break up the cords and connect them to
the input of IC 8870 were tried & some were newly
developed by us (e.g. Connecting Audio Jack of PC!s
speakers to the cellphone with help of an extender).
Solution:
Finally HandsFree cord!s !Earplugs! were removed &
resulting set of wires were connected in an appropriate
manner tothe Decoder IC!s input.
2. Designing of PCB is very difficult :

In to the designing of PCB many problems are faced. In
this some tracks are damage so there are no proper
conection established.
Solution :
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Finally PCB design another time with very carefully.

And take care on eatching of PCB.
CHAPTER – 7
 APPLICATION
 FUTURE SCOPE
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APPLICATION :
SCIENTIFIC
Remote control vehicles have various scientific uses
including hazardous environments, working in the deep
ocean, and space exploration. The sophistication of these
devices has fueled greater debate on the need for manned
spaceflight and exploration.
MILITARY AND LAW ENFORCEMENT

Remote controlled vehicles are used by many police
department bomb-squads to defuse or detonate explosives.
See Dragon Runner, Military robot.
SEARCH AND RESCUE

This can be a great asset to save lives of both people along
with soldiers in case of terrorist attacks.
RECREATION AND HOBBY

There are many types of radio controlled vehicles. These
include on-road cars, off-road trucks, boats, airplanes, and
even helicopters Radio-controlled submarine also exist.
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FURTHER IMPROVEMENTS & FUTURE

SCOPE :
1. IR Sensors:
IR sensors can be used to automatically detect & avoid
obstacles if the robot goes beyond line of sight. This
avoids damage to the vehicle if we are maneuvering it from
a distant place.
2. Password Protection:
Project can be modified in order to password protect
the robot so that it can be operated only if correct
password is entered. Either cell phone should be
password protected or necessary modification should be
made in the assembly language code. This introduces
conditioned access & increases security to a great extent.
3. Alarm Phone Dialer:

By replacing DTMF Decoder IC CM8870 by a 'DTMF
Transceiver IC’ CM8880, DTMF tones can be generated
from the robot. So, a project called 'Alarm Phone Dialer'can
be built which will generate necessary alarms for
something that is desired to be monitored (usually by
triggering a relay). For example, a high water alarm, low
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temperature alarm, opening of back window, garage door,

etc When the system is activated it will call a number
of programmed numbers to let the user know the
alarm has been activated. This would be great to get alerts
of alarm conditions from home when user is at work.
4. Adding a Camera:
If the current project is interfaced with a camera (e.g. a
Webcam) robot can be driven beyond line-of-sight &
range becomes practically unlimited as GSM networks
have a very large range.
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CHAPTER – 8
 COST OF THE PROJECTS

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COST OF THE PROJECT :
COMPONENT PIECES PRICE

1) IC - ATmega16 AVR 1 250.00
microcontroller
2) IC - MT8870 DTMF decoder 1 38.00
3) IC - L293D motor driver 1 90.00
4) IC - 74LS04 NOT gate 1 18.00
5) D1 - 1N4007rectifier diode 1 02.00
RESISTORS
6) R1, R2 - 100-kilo-ohm 2 01.00
7) R3 - 330-kilo-ohm 1 01.00
8) R4-R8 - 10-kilo-ohm 5 03.00
CAPACITOR
9) 0.47µF ceramic disk 1 10.00
10) 22pF ceramic cap. 4 01.00
11) 0.1µF ceramic disk 1 01.00
CRYSTAL
12) XTAL1- 3.57MHz crystal 1 10.00
13) XTAL2- 12MHz crystal 1 10.00
14) DC SERVO MOTOR 2 40.00
15) Batt.- 6V, 4.5Ah battery 1 15.00
16) All ICs sockets 4 20.00
17) On- off Switch 1 05.00
18) PCB Designing 1 60.00
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TOTAL = 575
CHAPTER - 9
 REFERENCES & BIBLIOGRAPHY

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REFERENCES & BIBLIOGRAPHY :
1. WWW.GOOGLE.COM
2. WWW.DATASHEET.COM
3. WWW.EFYMAG.COM
4. WWW.8051.COM
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CHAPTER – 10
 DATASHEET

Cell Phone Operated Landrover

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Page |1

[A] BLOCK DIAGRAM :

[B] CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION :

The important components of this robot are a DTMF

sufficient to drive the dc motors, so current drivers are

(4)MOTOR DRIVER IC:

h=k & 0x0F;

case 0x02: //if I/P is 0x02

PORTD=0x89;//O/P 0x89 ie Forward

case 0x08: //if I/P is 0x08

PORTD=0x86; //O/P 0x86 ie Backward

PORTD=0x85; // Left turn

PORTD=0x8A; // Right turn

Although the concept & design of the project seemed

2. Designing of PCB is very difficult :

Finally PCB design another time with very carefully.

MILITARY AND LAW ENFORCEMENT

SEARCH AND RESCUE

RECREATION AND HOBBY

FURTHER IMPROVEMENTS & FUTURE

3. Alarm Phone Dialer:

temperature alarm, opening of back window, garage door,

 COST OF THE PROJECTS

COST OF THE PROJECT :

COMPONENT PIECES PRICE

 REFERENCES & BIBLIOGRAPHY

REFERENCES & BIBLIOGRAPHY :

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