REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEMS

Lesson-10:
Real Time Operating System

Chapter-10 L10: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming and Design" ,

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 1. Real Time Operating System

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 Real time operating system (RTOS)

 Required when the system requires several

jobs to be done at the same time and in real
time space
 Used when a complex application consists
of multiple tasks and tasks are programmed
to ececute in real time

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 Definitions of Real time and ROTS
 Real time is time which is continuously
incrementing from the system’s start and
the different actions takes place in a system
at different instances of this time
 A real time operating system (RTOS) is an
operating system (OS) that has system-
software required to synchronise and
schedule the tasks in a multitasking system
environment in real time and takes care of
the real-time constraints in the system
Chapter-10 L10: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming and Design" ,
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 RTOS Definition

 A real time operating system (RTOS) is

multitasking operation system for the
applications with hard or soft real time
constraints.
 RTOS is an OS for system having the
constraint on latencies permitted for
interrupt service threads, ISRs and tasks

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 Hard and soft real time operability

 Hard real-time and soft real-time operations

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 1. Real Time Operating System
Services

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 Basic OS Functions

 Process Management,
 Resources Management,
 Device Management,
 I/O Devices subsystems
 Network Devices and subsystems
management

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 Process Priorities Allocation

 User level priorities allocation, called static

priority allocation or real-time priority
allocation
 Real time priorities higher than the
dynamically allocated priorities to the OS
functions.

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 Process Predictability

 A predictable timing behavior of the system

 A predictable task-synchronization
 Minimum jitter (difference between best
case latency and worst case latency)

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 Process Management by Preemption

 RTOS kernel preempts a lower priority

process when a message or event for that
was waiting is obtained for the higher
priority process.

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 Memory Management and Protection

 RTOS threads can run in kernel space.

 The real time performance becomes high

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 Memory Management: Disabling MMU

 Either disabling use of MMU and virtual

memory or using memory locks.
 Memory locking stops page swapping
between physical memory and disk disabled
 RTOS task latencies predictable

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 Memory Allocation

 In RTOS, the memory allocation is fast and

there are , fixed length memory block
allocationt and system takes predictable
time for allocation

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 Scheduling and Interrupt-latency control
functions
 Real time Task-Scheduling and Interrupt-
latency control and uses of the timers and
system clocks

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 Timer Functions and Time Management

 Provides for timer functions

 Time allocation and de-allocation to tasks

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 Asynchronous IO Functions

 Permits asynchronous IOs, which means

IOs without blocking a task

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 IPC Synchronization

 Synchronization of tasks with IPCs

(Semaphores, mailboxes, message queues,
pipes, sockets and RPCs)

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 Time Slicing

 Time-slicing of the processes execution of

those processes which have equal priority

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 Summary

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 Real time
 Means the time, which is continuously
incrementing from the system’s start and
different actions takes place in the system at
different instances of this time
 A real time operating system (RTOS) is an
operating system (OS) that has system-
software required to synchronise and
schedule the tasks in a multitasking system
in real time and takes care of the real-time
constraints in the system
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We learnt
• An RTOS is an OS for the systems having
the hard or soft real timing constraints and
predictable latencies of the tasks, ISTs and
ISRs
• Higher Priority allocation to real time tasks

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 End of Lesson 10 of Chapter 10
on
RTOS Introduction

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