nit 2 ae Twoge & coms FT used to speach sng 4 fiat the stesth ance Biilaale iam CRiginal Image foe Apeeific appiiation- ~ Page enhancement ig done tm -fusn bead Cabegriet ‘ Spatial domain methods and faequency domauy methods Twoxge erbancemen’ can be done (fo tee pusposee D Visual evaluation 2) Machine Pesteeption Spotial clomain refer 6 the agqegete % pixels composing an TrengerDe is the image plane t PSpetial demain methods one procedures that opencle Aaceckly on there pixels Des cenotd as qluy= TPG p] usherc Alay) wi i qay) 7 processed image TP eperode® on YF defined even nelghbehood ay Cry) Neiwhbhlerd a a pent ha koyase Rveckargulor Gul image Ose Conered ak (Xi 4): : Lenser q srbinage is moved from picel to pixel Atos.hings Any ot op dee Cnn 7 Opeeck® Tis Opptred at cock Lowtion (y’) & ys a apelt ph Sacto Bug? gett tee 77 Up Ane et spe 4d i 4 4 ot loa wd 7 Sea eG pede on tole rmntpmation fonction Poy vel (Intensity ov mapping) AeTH) 37 op amg Level snp level As erhaaeemart ak ome pobrt ty an tmage, depends only on Jove. ate thale pent, these -tecluiques oo cabled as pene prowsig, Scanned with CamScanner :Twoge Enhancement= eo an nn oor t ses ey “pote! 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AT map a remneo wuge dosk inpek valoes nko a He onset 9 etpek valus wilh opposite being te Jw maton ay taped bee I unt Ty Dhadi 5 | : Tp caved =) DAackity Lransfhmation ied pos ot te a eo 7. ‘e 1-38 Wp foglend * — Pawson (aur romt{Rmadions are Used ° i mh vosiely q devices kke CpT--- b fe Image coptore, prntivg and displ. 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Linens (toneki en: = 7 Used 4o incrsare the dynamic arge lds ty Ob “Oph “ ms vet “ eq =? 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AND with ustate pixie monk gives Rol OR eperation with black picols mmsk gives RoP Arid mec epactions Maéition Gobhaction — Mottiplication — Divthinn Scanned with CamScanner™ AU astittmetic Eperations ame Used for Mmafe eee % MULE PGeation ik anasbing operation ie 4 motkiply Tmage by o Conthad te iearase Ue awerage “goa {evel ¢ Divasion ie alse considered ab anvlipleation Ui image. bry ~eexprow) ey ethey Tage LDeoge Subbactio « Diffeccnee bekcesn che imager & gquen o& [QUd= fon) = May) ehotained boy compoting cifferonte beteeten all part a Corresponding pixels Yeom fand h- — Lubbmetio ig enhancement q abflerences bekween Fwwpes - — Appliation @ tmeye Gbhadtion is ty osea oF medical bnaging Called $ mask mode vodiiogtaphy . ‘ Keg mask an X-any lovge 9) a region € pationth body captrad na eaAnannan by an thhengpied TV Comet locoitid eppesite to K-my Louver { The prcdore cowslé 6 Injecting a conttout mudiom into patie ( brecdsteam taking a Sexes 2 Tmapes Some regen as Rey ( and subtracting ~this mark from Lerer oy tnceminp “mores alter injection 4 ok an 7 mg iT ate ; The nek effeck is aseos q aipewne APRAY tx fp Image as dubanud detail, Snee lon images axe ab a wale op TY Gp ‘ and que a movie G@ Sew contrast mectivm prepa Ahooegh Varies ontenies ty the ance beng chserved > TE Trnapun OX $ bite thon apy twats are ftom 0 Jo 250 Ao toe diferentes tan be fom -355 fo +955, 0 Sealing has tobe done dy ada ass +o eer pixel X hen devi de a ie for 2 to wplement bot Pull Tape vt Used and oath ae lots & a et hh The min Asfferenee is ebotatned and ie “epative 1b added 40 al pret and then multiplied by 255 where may & marinwn Piel ty mae medrfed deren wore. Scanned with CamScannerULE UUTUUUUTUG CCUG eee ye Averaging AR EC flUp 4 qeug Neixe & Uncenelatia and hos ypro aneloge Value > Aveogig one oe moe Conkouk by adding a bet ote ro qQap- + Ee gep Ela uh = feu avd 7 Fe) 2 om CELIO 100 LID erp aL, 5.2 | The) tadfecd au Sert tb ASK fle vaspallla 2} pisel vale at each lntotion (4,4) Appkcation - wn Fd ey astronomy whine Imoger Done bene lage Levele TE ton Used ty trogen taken loy Nasal, bobble spree Bleseepe. > Sealing % Olp values is dene 7 Mins Value to Gren auersye Image bs fodeen ond its rugokive is added +0 Image, 0 Ahad oll pieuls one Scaled fo [2,255] By melts “he mered farope, by 25% mex wohere max ts mowitnwm pixel value too thaw Ienape Rosics @ Spoal firey + 7 Sebimoge called as filer, mask, kernel Lemplate ch windows The vows In the filer Jabioape ast Called as Cosffivent wm a Cpatint Filtering imply moring the sfiltes mosh rem Point to peint: to na ing PAD, 7 Ate each ne (114), respente OD filter is se Cntcliaka “i Be 420 Jot un Pa oy eles Sprint fiterrne Wetporte & feats) / R. wenofiy re nbrofins.ge- ese Gig) + mOLIOLE LY) ¢ —-— TeolY OFC, Y+L) linear furry 44 aon toe 9 Sap WKN mig tee me 9 Sy men gee) 2S aerty plots yt) ; a2 Pel tye BL Scanned with CamScannerLineos, spatial fittering ib Aindilaw ( Cenveletion Ap Re w3t orbit + Wn Ben = Bedi w > mask Coe|ficrenls | BP mage qroy levcls cerespordvy | ap coeffinenls / on total m0: coat" in mask 4 VE 2xg mask is ued, Re wig reeger — 9 Faby * S453; Nenkneas Spatial fiery can abyo be used Ex Median fitexng Emocthing Spatial Filters = DB bb Ubed fa blerving and mote weducten — Bloning Bw wed Ww preprocessing where Smal details in an rage ose -semoved Like bridging oy Smal gaps ip knes or ores: —7 Noise seoluctien can be accomplished 4 blowing wit lonzar filer ard crenbineos, fikerng Smoothing Spatiad Fitters ot ee YT Smeotiaing Lines Filters Ode Srbstic Fue i x4 ve Y Box few seeigltad aug qiter Median Min Max Smeoctoing Lineow Filters 7 Ondput vu Lrmply average O) piel contoined th meighbethood 9 filters, mork AF Flea Called os Arlene ging filter & Low pats filters ? Each ped in inpok imape one -weplaced by avesase O) gp level tn the Neighbooshend Befined by fitter mask, 7 Prdvr Redces dhe Shosp tramtitions cavied by motte Diseduy Edges axe alo lowed Be Ly iyi l a ~] 1 4 ‘Tilt oe fa4 [eo mre Cer Scanned with CamScanner ~~a -Swe eevee’ VY TUWWOWWWW BUwse CC vvuuu us Repo — average Oy apory levers fm Hoe maak 32 Homxn mask is used , then TWA malizing Cousranl bt —> Spatial Averaging qiller iin which all Coefprccenl® are ceived % called byx fikes Weighted dveeare fitter qepe oe vlad) fC By gr sia be-bk 2S Hl8,6) Bea teh 7 Pixel cae muttiptied by Aiffercuk dacfficents , giving mete Impottance +0 Bome pixels of tre ekpense 0) othe. 7 Basie steateay behind Wsetghaing Ate tentew poh ot umhest and then sedouing re volue OY Louffrerenl& og a orcton ay brercasi distance hem eign be te Simpl 0 wudace Hea btorine 1 “J Smenttinp pres: oe” AS the Sige oy the mask Uoereones, de btoming ano dncceases. Order Sobistion filter, — Nenlineay, Spatial fies whose ‘Feponse is bated on eohhieg (okelerne) the pices tentained in Imoge anon enrtomparieck by filker and then weplating the value g center pixel ustth aaking vewlt - 7 Median filter roplacs value 9 picel by median O Gay levels 40 meightAhood ey thot- pixel: — Meckian fitkers ase used in redoxing Impulse noise Colled as Aol and peppy owe (white & back def on image). —? Median % & buch thak Salf tre values fn bet ase less ame “remaining, Plt ase above y| > Got the values oy pietlt in agtending eden then Gnd medion Ber Bx mask —9 rredzan ~ 5° |asgzst valve: 5x5 mask —? Median — 13% losgest Valine Scanned with CamScanner1539-0170, 2-0, 20,25, 100 wp Aieandin g shew 10 Median — 30 7 Median fitter ih SE Perak of moked MEO Dombers Max filters loot percentile vewtt Pwd to frais brightest points On Image Remo Say lke ba 1G foe 2x2 mask. Mis Been x OM percentile: Fire — Ged fd doskeat poilk tn an Wore Re amin § Bn [Reba -— 4% be 3X B metk- Shaspering Spabint fiteers 7 Hightight fine detail fo an Tope & to enone clotoal Hit how been blurred cite to eho Bh Ob natural etted- a Tmege uigiton: — Prpplcation 9 MeAccal Tmaptep, ndesial Iapertion ound autenemevs qrrdene. mM milton Byslains . 7 Shospening 1 tomplementid vty; i ee cman bing derivative pptrators- — First Rdew desivodive °F 4D function Py mn difference. 2h = Hari) -F) % must be pero in Por Segments (820s Conidawt gporg Wvelsd Ch most be mnongere ab enset level ®& CR) muse be monzen0 along aa “ep Samp — Lerond dew Aesrivasive Y 4-D foncken “& OL +L(x-) — oe = Srl) $e ) -2f2 rms be gre te flak atcos aly must be niongpro ak entet and ond Gory lwel AEP A vamp GB aust be, BO along TAPS EF Contant Alepe: Scanned with CamScanneraf & a a 5 “ t cape} 3 & ‘4 itty o les Afot Lept Le- ~e-° i — tate a oy @ oTst ‘7% 9 tee °o-3o $ ~ a—o nee soos oo? ° o ° Q-desy —> Fier Kdew derrntive Bb nonzero along entre Tam: 2M Row derivative tk nonzero onset & ond 7) ramp II Rader desivodives qprealy pretoce thicken odges in an mage 9M dex desivotives Dawe stronger response to fine detail ike thin Denes and wolattd pein - 9 IF Eades derivatives prodvee Arrows yey to level ¢ od Rdev cesevokives prodee dowlbole cpa re A ong apa level 7a" Ades deivesives ase ame builded Tmage Onhaatemeat eohane fre dekos | Fetder derivative i fv edge extenction- Laplacian Spector fee ienages opi = ae »p VE SE +BE : [Honnpefemnpp reery>+flr4¢0]- mpeg) pee FAHD + Pog) - 24) (a ytT FE Y-D ~ $Y | |e elle tii} -l}afa 1 few]! Alef sit) ays [a oli te} jel-tfe tile aff] Scanned with CamScanner y te 9 \se ¥ ” 2 ° “to ovobbsses LODO Yb) sdbs dd 4 GU%UG ds