WEEK 1 LESSONS

DESIRED LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

1. To identify patterns in nature and regularities in the world.
2. To articulate the importance of mathematics in one’s life 3. To
express appreciation for mathematics as a human endeavor.

ACTIVITY NO. 01

Name:Bebs Joy Palacios Date Submitted: September

16
Course:BSSW1 Score:

Instruction: Encircle the letter of the correct answer of the following questions.
1. Which of the figures can be used to 3. Which number should
come next in continue the series given below? this series? 10, 17, 26, 37, ?

A. 46
B. 52
C. 50
D. 56

2. Which of the figures, you think best 4. Which number should replace the
fits the series below? question mark "?"
 A. 4 B. 5
C. 6 D. 7

PATTERNS
Definition: Patterns are regular, repeated or recurring forms or designs.
Example:
• layout of floor tiles
• designs of buildings
• the way we tie our shoelaces
Studying patterns helps us in identifying relationships and finding local
connections to form generalizations and make predictions.

SYMMETRY
Definition: Symmetry indicates that you can draw an imaginary line across an
object and the resulting parts are mirror images of each other.
Example:
• butterfly
• Leonardo da Vinci’s Vitruvian Man
• starfish
The butterfly is symmetric about the axis indicated by
the black line. Note that the left and right portions are
exactly
Figure 1
the same. This type of symmetry is
called bilateral symmetry.

Leonardo da Vinci’s Vitruvian Man shows the proportion and

Figure 2 symmetry of the human body.

There are other types of symmetry depending on the number of sides or faces
that are symmetrical.

Figure 3 Note that if you rotate the starfish in Figure 3 by

72◦ , you can still achieve the same appearance as the
original position. This is known as the rotational
symmetry. The smallest measure of angle that a
figure can be rotated while still preserving the
original position is called the angle of rotation. A
more common way of describing rotational
symmetry is by order of rotation.

ORDER OF ROTATION
A figure has a rotational symmetry of order n (n- fold rotational symmetry) if 1
of a complete turn leaves the figure unchanged. To compute for the angle of
rotation, we use the formula
◦

Angle of rotation = 360

 n

As seen in Figure 4, the pattern on the snowflake repeat six times,

indicating that there is a 6-fold symmetry. Using the formula,
the angle of rotation is 60◦.
Figure 4

Do you wonder why bees used

hexagon in making honeycomb and
not any other polygons? The reason
is that more area will be covered
using hexagon compared to other
polygons. The following
computation proves this.

Figure 5

PACKING PROBLEM

Packing problem involve finding the optimum method of filling up a given space
such as a cubic or spherical container.
Claim: If hexagonal structure is used, then more area will be covered.

Proof: Suppose you have circles of radius 1 cm, each of which

2
. We are then going to fill a
plane Figure 6 will then have an area of π cm
with these circles using square packing and hexagonal
packing.

For square packing, each square will have an area of 4 cm2. Note from Figure 6
that for each square, it can only fit one circle. The percentage of square’s area
covered by circles will be

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝜋 𝑐𝑚2

𝑥 100% = 2𝑥 100% ≈
78.54%
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 4 𝑐𝑚
F exagon as composed of six equilateral triangles with side equal to
o 2 cm. The area of each triangle is given by
r

h
Figure 7
e
x
a
𝐴 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
g
o
Thus, the area of the hexagon is 6 √3 cm2. Looking at Figure 7, there are 3 circles
n
that could fit inside one hexagon (the whole circle in the middle and 6 one-thirds
a
of a circle), which gives total area as 3 π cm2. The percentage of the hexagon’s
l
area covered by circles will be
p
a
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠 3 𝑐𝑚2
c 𝑥 90.69%
k 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛 6√3 𝑐𝑚2
i
n Comparing the two percentages, we can clearly see that using the hexagons will
g cover a larger area than when using squares.
,
OTHER MATHEMATICS IN NATURE AND THE WORLD
w
e According to Alan Turing, a
British
c Mathematician, the for- mation
a of hyena’s spot and tiger
n stripes is governed by a set of
equations. What Turing
t these chemicals were, so he named them proposed was that there are
h two chemi- cals
i interacting inside the embryo of an animal. He did not know what morphogens and
n proposed that they reacted
k with each other and diffused through the

o
f

e
a
c
h

h
 Figure 8 embryo according to a
system of "reaction-
diffusion equations."

• Fibonacci numbers on flowers and nautilus shell.

• Mathematics used to model population growth with the formula A = Pert
- where A is the size of the population after it grows, P is the initial number
of people, r is the rate of growth, t is time and e is the Euler’s constant
with an approximately value of 2.718.
Example:
The exponential growth model A = 30e0.02t describes the population of a city
in the Philippines in thousands, t years after 1995.
1. What was the population of the city in 1995?
Solution: Since our exponential growth model describes the population t years after 1995,
we
consider 1995 as t = 0 and then solve for A. Thus, A = 30 and the city
population in 1995 is 30,000
 Fibonacci Sequence
Now let’s have a look at
one of the famous
mathematical number
sequence, the
‘Fibonacci Sequence’. The
Fibonacci sequence is a
recursive sequence, generated by adding the two previous numbers, the first
two numbers of the sequence being 0 and 1.
So, Fibonacci sequence is 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89 …
An interesting fact is that the number of petals on a flower always turns out to
be a fibonacci number. Statistically, this sequence appears a lot in botany.
Another example is if you look at the bottom of pine cone, and count clockwise
and anti-clockwise number of spirals, they turn out to be adjacent fibonacci
numbers (see image below).
Let’s have a look at a property of fibonacci numbers. I’m gonna write continuous
sums of squared fibonacci numbers.
Squared Fibonacci Sequence: 0, 1, 1, 4, 9,
25, 64, … Continuous sums:
0=0x1
0+1=1x1
0+1+1=1x2
0+1+1+4=2x3
0+1+1+4+9=3x5
0 + 1 + 1 + 4 + 9 + 25 = 5 x 8 … and so on. (You see every time product of the
sum is two consecutive fibonacci numbers)
Well, there’s a mathematical explanation for the pattern we see above. Suppose
you have squares of sides representing fibonacci numbers, and assemble them in
the way shown below. The above pattern is nothing but area of the rectangle
formed by joining the squares (continued fibonacci squares sum).
 Name:Bebs Joy Palacios Date Submitted: September
16 2021
Course:BSSW1 Score:
Fibonacci Eye of

ACTIVITY NO. 02

QUESTIONS RESPONSE/ESSAY
New ideas that I learn about mathematics is
it helps to organize the patterns in the world
and it helps to predict the behavior of nature
and phenomena in the world.
1. What new ideas about mathematics did you
learn?

Mathematics that might have changed my

thoughts is it improves my mathematical
abilities and the one who think through
many other issues in life It also increases my
2. What is it about mathematics that might understanding of the varying meaning of
have changed your thoughts about it? words
 The most useful about mathematics
humankind, helps us to solve a problem
solving and learning math is good for our
brain it helps us to tell time.
3. What is most useful about mathematics for
humankind?

Instruction: Write a short – response/essay about the following questions: