Internship

On

Learning Python
At

Linked Learning
Submitted in Partial fulfillment for the Award of the degree of

Bachelor of Technology
In
Computer Science Engineering
Submitted to
RAJiV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDHYALAYA, BHOPAL (M.P)

Submitt ed by

SHASHANK SINGH (0126CS191101)

Under the guidance of:
Ms. Priyanka Sharma

ORIENTAL COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, BHOPAL

 Department of Computer Science Engineering
Approved by AICTE New Delhi & Govt. of MP
Affi liated to Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidhyalaya, Bhopal
NOV. 2014

Phone No.-0755-2529015, 2529016

Fax: 0755-2529472
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: http://www.oriental.ac.in/oct-bhopal/
 ORIENTAL COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, BHOPAL
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Govt. of M.P. Affiliated to Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal
Oriental Campus, Raisen Road, Bhopal-462021 (MP) INDIA
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING

CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the Internship report on Learning Python which is being
presented here for the partial fulfillment of the requirement of Degree of “Bachelor
of Technology ” has been carried out at Linkedin Learning . The technical
information provided in this report is presented with due permission of the
authorities from the training organization .

Name of Student – Shashank Singh

Enrollment No. – 0126CS191101

Fax: 0755-2529472
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: http://www.oriental.ac.in/oct-bhopal/
 ORIENTAL COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, BHOPAL
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Govt. of M.P. Affiliated to Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal
Oriental Campus, Raisen Road, Bhopal-462021 (MP) INDIA
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING

CERIFICATE OF INSTITUTE

This is to certify that Mr. Shashank singh_of B. Tech. Computer Science Engg. Department
Enrollment No. 0126CS191101 has completed his Internship during the academic year 2020-2021 as
partial fulfillment of the Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Sceince Branch.

Name of Faculty Coordinator Name of HOD

Ms. Priyanka Sharma Dr. Sanjay Sharma

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It gives me immense pleasure to express my deepest sense of gratitude and sincere thanks to my
supervisors ( Ms. Priyanka Sharma, Professor, Computer Science Department, Oriental College Of
Technology for their valuable guidance encouragement and help during industrial training.

Table Of Contents

Introduction

1.1 Python.........................................................................................................................................1-2
 1.2 Scripting Language.......................................................................................................................2-3

1.3 Object Oriented Programming....................................................................................................3-3

1.4 History of python.........................................................................................................................3-4

1.5 Behind the Scene of Python........................................................................................................5-5

Downloading & Installing Python

2.1 Downloading Python...................................................................................................................6-7

2.2 Installing Python.........................................................................................................................8-10

2.3 Setup path of variable..............................................................................................................10-11

2.4 Running The Python IDE...........................................................................................................12-13

2.5 Python code Execution............................................................................................................13-13

Data Types & Operator

3.1 Data Type................................................................................................................................14-15

3.2 Variables.................................................................................................................................15-15

3.3 String........................................................................................................................................15-16

3.4 Python Operator......................................................................................................................16-17

3.4.1 Arithmetic Operator................................................................................................17-17

 3.4.2 Comparison Operator..............................................................................................17-18

Tuple & List

4.1 Tuple........................................................................................................................................18-20

4.1.1 Accessing Tuple Values................................................................................................18-18

4.1.2 Built in Operation..........................................................................................................18-19

4.1.3 Built in Touple Functions...............................................................................................19-19

4.2 List............................................................................................................................................20-23

4.2.1 Accessing List Values......................................................................................................20-21

4.2.2 Built in Operation...........................................................................................................21-21

4.2.3 Built in Functions..........................................................................................................21-21

Loops & Conditional Statements

5.1 Loops.....................................................................................................................................21-26

5.1.1 Loops Definition.....................................................................................................21-22

5.1.2 Loops Example.......................................................................................................22-23

5.2 Conditional Statement...........................................................................................................23-23

5.21Conditional Statement Definition............................................................................23-23

5.2.2 Conditional Statement Example...........................................................................24-25

Uses & Scope of python.

6.1 What can we do With Python?..............................................................................26-26

6.2 Who Uses Python Today?......................................................................................27-27

Python

Python is a widely used high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming

language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability, and its syntax allows programmers
to express concepts in fewer lines of code than would be possible in languages such as C++ or
Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable clear programs on both a small and
large scale.

Python supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative and

functional programming or procedural styles. It features a dynamic type system and automatic
memory management and has a large and comprehensive standard library. Python interpreters
are available for installation on many operating systems, allowing Python code execution on a
wide variety of systems.

Scripting Language

A scripting or script language is a programming language that supports scripts, programs written for
a special run-time environment that automate the execution of tasks that could alternatively be
executed one-by-one by a human operator.

Scripting languages are often interpreted (rather than compiled). Primitives are usually the
elementary tasks or API calls, and the language allows them to be combined into more complex
programs. Environments that can be automated through scripting include software applications,
web pages within a web browser, the shells of operating systems (OS), embedded systems, as
well as numerous games.

A scripting language can be viewed as a domain-specific language for a particular

environment; in the case of scripting an application, this is also known as an extension
language. Scripting languages are also sometimes referred to as very high-level
programming languages, as they operate at a high level of abstraction, or as control
languages.
Object Oriented Programming Language

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of

"objects", which may contain data, in the form of fields, often known as attributes; and code, in
the form of procedures, often known as methods. A distinguishing feature of objects is that an
object's procedures can access and often modify the data fields of the object with which they
are associated (objects have a notion of "this" or "self").

In OO programming, computer programs are designed by making them out of objects that interact
with one another. There is significant diversity in objectoriented programming, but most popular
languages are class-based, meaning that objects are instances of classes, which typically also
determines their type.

History

Python was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation was started in December 1989
by Guido van Rossum at CWI in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC language (itself
inspired by SETL) capable of exception handling and interfacing with the Amoeba operating
system. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the
direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, benevolent
dictator for life (BDFL).
“Python is an experiment in how much freedom programmers need. Too much freedom
and nobody can read another's code; too little and expressiveness is endangered.”

- Guido van Rossum

 Behind The Scene of Python

About the origin of Python, Van Rossum wrote in 1996:

Over six years ago, in December 1989, I was looking for a "hobby" programming project that would
keep me occupied during the week around Christmas. My office ... would be closed, but I had a
home Computer, and not much else on my hands. I decided to write an interpreter for the new
scripting language I had been thinking about lately: a descendant of ABC that would appeal to
Unix/C hackers. I chose Python as a working title for the project, being in a slightly irreverent mood
(and a big fan of Monty Python's Flying Circus).

Downloading python

If you don’t already have a copy of Python installed on your computer, you will need to open up
your Internet browser and go to the Python download page
(http://www.python.org/download/).

Now that you are on the download page, select which of the software builds you would like to
download. For the purposes of this article we will use the most up to date version available
(Python 3.4.1).
Once you have clicked on that, you will be taken to a page with a description of all the new
updates and features of 3.4.1, however, you can always read that while the download is in
process. Scroll to the bottom of the page till you find the “Download” section and click on the link
that says “download page.”

Now you will scroll all the way to the bottom of the page and find the “Windows x86
MSI installer.” If you want to download the 86-64 bit MSI, feel free to do so. We
believe that even if you have a 64-bit operating system installed on your computer,
the 86-bit MSI is preferable. We say this because it will still run well and sometimes,
with the 64- bit architectures, some of the compiled binaries and Python libraries
don’t work well.
Installing Python

Once you have downloaded the Python MSI, simply navigate to the download location on
your computer, double clicking the file and pressing Run when the dialog box pops up.

If you are the only person who uses your computer, simply leave the “Install for all
users” option selected. If you have multiple accounts on your PC and don’t want to
install it across all accounts, select the “Install just for me” option then press “Next.”
f you want to change the install location, feel free to do so; however, it is best to leave it
as is and simply select next, Otherwise...

Scroll down in the window and find the “Add Python.exe to Path” and click on the small red
“x.” Choose the “Will be installed on local hard drive” option then press “Next.”

Now that you have completed the installation process, click on “Finish.
Setup the Path Variable

Begin by opening the start menu and typing in “environment” and select the option called

“Edit the system environment variables.”

When the “System Properties” window appears, click on “Environment Variables…”

Once you have the “Environment Variables” window open, direct your focus to the
bottom half. You will notice that it controls all the “System Variables” rather than just
this associated with your user. Click on “New…” to create a new variable for Python.
Simply enter a name for your Path and the code shown below. For the purposes of

this example we have installed Python 2.7.3, so we will call the path:

“Pythonpath.” The string that you will need to enter is:

“C:\Python27\;C:\Python27\Scripts;”
Running The Python IDE

Now that we have successfully completed the installation process and added our

“Environment Variable,” you are ready to create your first basic Python script. Let’s
begin by opening Python’s GUI by pressing “Start” and typing “Python” and selecting the
“IDLE (Python GUI).”

Once the GUI is open, we will begin by using the simplest directive possible. This is the
“print” directive which simply prints whatever you tell it to, into a new line. Start by
typing a print directive like the one shown in the image below or copy and paste this
text then press

“Enter”: print (“Congratulations on executing your first print directive!”)

Python Code Execution
Python’s traditional runtime execution model: source code you type is translated to byte code,
which is then run by the Python Virtual Machine. Your code is automatically compiled, but then
it is interpreted.

Source code extension is .py

Byte code extension is .pyc (compiled python code)

 Data Type

(this is called dynamic typing). Data types determine whether an object can do something, or
whether it just would not make sense. Other programming languages often determine whether
an operation makes sense for an object by making sure the object can never be stored
somewhere where the operation will be performed on the object (this type system is called
static typing). Python does not do that. Instead it stores the type of an object with the object,
and checks when the operation is performed whether that operation makes sense for that
object

Python has many native data types. Here are the important ones:

Booleans are either True or False.

Numbers can be integers (1 and 2), floats (1.1 and 1.2), fractions (1/2 and 2/3), or even
complex numbers.

Strings are sequences of Unicode characters, e.g. an HTML document.

Bytes and byte arrays, e.g. a JPEG image file.

Lists are ordered sequences of values.

Tuples are ordered, immutable sequences of values.

Sets are unordered bags of values.

Variable

Variables are nothing but reserved memory locations to store values. This means that when
you create a variable you reserve some space in memory.

Based on the data type of a variable, the interpreter allocates memory and decides what
can be stored in the reserved memory. Therefore, by assigning different data types to
variables, you can store integers, decimals or characters in these variables.

Ex: counter = 100 # An integer

assignment miles = 1000.0 # A floating

point name = "John" # A string

String

In programming terms, we usually call text a string. When you think of a string as a
collection of letters, the term makes sense.

All the letters, numbers, and symbols in this book could be a string.

For that matter, your name could be a string, and so could your

address.

Creating Strings

In Python, we create a string by putting quotes around text. For example, we could take our
otherwise useless
• "hello"+"world" "helloworld" # concatenation
• "hello"*3 "hellohellohello" # repetition

• "hello"[0] "h" # indexing

• "hello"[-1] "o" # (from end)

• "hello"[1:4] "ell" # slicing

• len("hello") 5 # size

• "hello" < "jello" 1 # comparison

• "e" in "hello" 1 # search

Python Operator

Arithmetic Operator

Operator
Meaning Example

+ Add two operands or unary plus x+y

+2

- Subtract right operand from the left or unary minus x-y

-2

* Multiply two operands x*y

/ Divide left operand by the right one (always results into x/y
float)
% Modulus - remainder of the division of left operand by the x % y (remainder
right of x/y)

// Floor division - division that results into whole number x // y

adjusted to the left in the number line

** Exponent - left operand raised to the power of right x**y (x to the

power y)

Comparison Operator

> Greater that - True if left operand is greater than the right x>y

< Less that - True if left operand is less than the right x<y

Cha
== Equal to - True if both operands are equal x == y

!= Not equal to - True if operands are not equal x != y

>= Greater than or equal to - True if left operand is greater than or equal x >= y
to the right

<= Less than or equal to - True if left operand is less than or equal to the +x <=
right y
 Tuples

A tuple is a sequence of immutable Python objects. Tuples are sequences, just like lists. The differences
between tuples and lists are, the tuples cannot be changed unlike lists and tuples use parentheses.

Accessing Values in Tuples:

To access values in tuple, use the square brackets for slicing along with the index or indices

to obtain value available at that index. For example − tup1 = ('physics', 'chemistry', 1997,

2000); tup2 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ); print "tup1[0]: ", tup1[0] print "tup2[1:5]: ", tup2[1:5]

When the above code is executed, it produces the following result − tup1[0]:

physics tup2[1:5]: [2, 3, 4, 5]

Basic Tuples Operations

Tuples respond to the + and * operators much like strings; they mean concatenation and
repetition here too, except that the result is a new tuple, not a string. In fact, tuples respond
to all of the general sequence operations we used on strings in the prior chapter −

Python Expression Results Description

len((1, 2, 3)) 3 Length

(1, 2, 3) + (4, 5, 6) (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) Concatenation

('Hi!',) * 4 ('Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!') Repetition

3 in (1, 2, 3) True Membership

for x in (1, 2, 3): print x, 123 Iteration

Built-in Tuple Functions

Python includes the following tuple functions −

SN Function with Description

1 cmp(tuple1, tuple2) Compares elements of both tuples.

2 len(tuple) Gives the total length of the tuple.

3 max(tuple) Returns item from the tuple with max value.

4 min(tuple) Returns item from the tuple with min value.

5 tuple(seq) Converts a list into tuple.

List

The list is a most versatile datatype available in Python which can be written as a list of comma-
separated values (items) between square brackets. Important thing about a list is that items in a
list need not be of the same type.

Creating a list is as simple as putting different comma-separated values between

square brackets. For example − list1 = ['physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000]; list2 = [1, 2,
3, 4, 5 ]; list3 = ["a", "b", "c", "d"];

Similar to string indices, list indices start at 0, and lists can be sliced, concatenated and so on.

Accessing Values in Lists:

To access values in lists, use the square brackets for slicing along with the index or indices to

obtain value available at that index. For example − list1 = ['physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000]; list2

= [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ]; print "list1[0]: ", list1[0] print "list2[1:5]: ", list2[1:5]

 Output: list1[0]: physics

list2[1:5]: [2, 3, 4, 5]

Update: list = ['physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000]; print

"Value available at index 2 : " print list[2] list[2] = 2001; print

"New value available at index 2 : " print list[2]

Output: Value available at index 2 : 1997

New value available at index 2 : 2001

Delete: list1 = ['physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000]; print list1

del list1[2]; print "After deleting value at index 2 : " print list1

['physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000]

Output: After deleting value at index 2 :

['physics', 'chemistry', 2000]
Basic List Operation

Python Expression Results Description

len([1, 2, 3]) 3 Length

[1, 2, 3] + [4, 5, 6] [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] Concatenation

['Hi!'] * 4 ['Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!'] Repetition

3 in [1, 2, 3] True Membership

for x in [1, 2, 3]: print x, 123 Iteration

Built-in List Functions & Methods:
SN Function with Description

1 cmp(list1, list2) Compares elements of both lists.

2 len(list) Gives the total length of the list.

3 max(list) Returns item from the list with max value.

4 min(list) Returns item from the list with min value.

5 list(seq) Converts a tuple into list.

Python includes following list methods

SN Methods with Description

1 list.append(obj) Appends object obj to list

2 list.count(obj) Returns count of how many times obj occurs in list

3 list.extend(seq) Appends the contents of seq to list

4 list.index(obj) Returns the lowest index in list that obj appears

5 list.insert(index, obj) Inserts object obj into list at offset index

6 list.pop(obj=list[-1]) Removes and returns last object or obj from list

7 list.remove(obj) Removes object obj from list

8 list.reverse() Reverses objects of list in place

9 list.sort([func]) Sorts objects of list, use compare func if given

Loop definition
Programming languages provide various control structures that allow for more complicated execution
paths.

A loop statement allows us to execute a statement or group of statements multiple times. The
following diagram illustrates a loop statement −

Python programming language provides following types of loops to handle looping requirements.
Loop Type Description
 while loop Repeats a statement or group of statements while a given condition
is TRUE. It tests the condition before executing the loop body.

for loop Executes a sequence of statements multiple times and

abbreviates the code that manages the loop variable.

nested loops You can use one or more loop inside any another while, for or
do..while loop.

Conditional Statements:

Decision making is anticipation of conditions occurring while execution of the program and specifying
actions taken according to the conditions.

Decision structures evaluate multiple expressions which produce TRUE or FALSE as

outcome. You need to determine which action to take and which statements to execute if
outcome is TRUE or FALSE otherwise.
Python programming language provides following types of decision making statements. Click the
following links to check their detail.

Statement Description

if statements An if statement consists of a boolean expression followed

by one or more statements.

if...else statements An if statement can be followed by an optional else

statement, which executes when the boolean expression
is FALSE.

nested if statements You can use one if or else if statement inside

another if or else if statement(s).
Function

Function blocks begin with the keyword def followed by the function name and parentheses ( ( )
).
Any input parameters or arguments should be placed within these parentheses. You can
also define parameters inside these parentheses.
The first statement of a function can be an optional statement - the documentation string
of the function.
The code block within every function starts with a colon (:) and is indented.
The statement return [expression] exits a function, optionally passing back an expression to
the caller. A return statement with no arguments is the same as return None.
Syntex:

Def
functionname(parameters):
“function_docstring”
Function_suite
Return[expression]

Example:

Def printme(str);
SCOPE OF PYTHON

1 - Science
- Bioinformatics

2 - System Administration
- Unix

- Web logic

- Web sphere

3 - Web Application Development

What Can We do With Python?

1 - System programming

2 - Graphical User Interface Programming

3 - Internet Scripting

4 - Component Integration
5 - Database Programming
6 - Gaming, Images, XML , Robot and more
WHO USES PYTHON TODAY?
• Python is being applied in real revenue-generating products by real companies.

• Google makes extensive use of Python in its web search system, and employs Python’s
creator.
• Intel, Cisco, Hewlett-Packard, Seagate, Qualcomm, and IBM use Python for hardware testing.
• ESRI uses Python as an end-user customization tool for its popular GIS mapping products.
 Conclusion

I believe the trial has shown conclusively that it is both possible and desirable
to use Python as the principal teaching language:

o It is Free (as in both cost and source code).

o It is trivial to install on a Windows PC allowing students to take their
interest further. For many the hurdle of installing a Pascal or C
compiler on a Windows machine is either too expensive or too
complicated;
o It is a flexible tool that allows both the teaching of traditional
procedural programming and modern OOP; It can be used to teach a
large number of transferable skills;
o It is a real-world programming language that can be and is used in
academia and the commercial world;
o It appears to be quicker to learn and, in combination with its many
libraries, this offers the possibility of more rapid student
development allowing the course to be made more challenging and
varied;
and most importantly, its clean syntax offers increased understanding and
enjoyment for students