Final Trigonometry 1

TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS AND IDENTITIES
JEE (Advanced) Syllabus
Trigonometric functions, their periodicity and graphs, addition and subtraction

formulae, formulae involving multiple and sub-multiple angles
CONTENTS
S.No. Topic Page No.
1. Measurement of Angles 2
Trigonometric Functions (Ratios) 6
Domain and Ranges 7
Trigonometric Identities 8
Trigonometric Ratios of Allied Angles 11
Compound Angles 14
Multiple and Sub Multiple Angles 19
S + C, S – C Signs 25
Transformations 32
Graphs 35
Periodicity 37
Extreme Values 39
2. Learn the Skills 45
3. Join the Main

M-1 (Trigonometry Basics) 85
M-2 (Compound Angles) 89
M-3 (Multiple and Sub Multiple Angles) 93
M-4 (Transformations) 97
M-5 (Graphs, Periodicity, Extreme Values) 101
M-6 (All Topics) 105
4. Let us Advance
A-1 109
A-2 113
A-3 118
5. Key 123
6. Formulas At a Glance 126
The complex origins of trigonometry are embedded in the history of the simple word "sine," a mistranslation
of an Arabic transliteration of a Sanskrit mathematical term! The complex etymology of "sine" reveals
trigonometry's roots in Babylonian, Greek, Hellenistic, Indian, and Arabic mathematics and astronomy.
Although trigonometry now is usually taught beginning with plane triangles, its origins lie in the world of
astronomy and spherical triangles. Before the sixteenth century, astronomy was based on the notion that the earth
stood at the center of a series of nested spheres. To calculate the positions of stars or planets, one needed to use
concepts we now refer to as trigonometry.
The earliest uses of trigonometric functions were related to the chords of a circle, and the recognition that
the length of the chord subtended by a given angle x was (in modern terms) 2sin(x/2). The Greek astronomer and
mathematician Hipparchus produced the first known table of chords in 140 BC. His work was further developed
by astronomers Menelaus (ca. AD 100) and Ptolemy (ca. AD 100), who relied on Babylonian observations and
traditions.
Babylonian and Greek influences mingled with rich native mathematical developments in India around AD
500 to produce a trigonometry closer to its modern form. Hindu mathematical works such as that
of Aryabhata give tables of half chords, known by the term jya-ardha or simply jya, which bears the following
relationship to our modern concept of sine: jya x = rsinx, Jya here represents the half chord AM.
From India the sine function was introduced to the Arab world in the 8th century, where the term jyawas
transliterated into jiba or jyb. Early Latin translations of Arabic mathematical treatises mistookjiba for the Arabic
word jaib, which can mean the opening of a woman's garment at the neck. Accordingly, jaib was translated into the
Latin sinus, which can mean "fold" (in a garment), "bosom," "bay," or even "curve." Hence our word "sine."
2 TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS AND IDENTITIES
MEASUREMENT OF ANGLES
There are three systems used for the measurement of angles.
i) Sexagesimal system or English system (degree)
ii) Centesimal system or French system (grade)
iii) Circular measurement (radian)
Sexagesimal System
In this system a right angle is divided into 90 equal parts, called degrees. The symbol 1 is
used to denote one degree. Thus, one degree is one-ninetieth part of a right angle. Each
degree is divided into 60 equal parts, called minutes. The symbol 1' is used to denote one
minute. And each minute is divided into 60 equal parts, called seconds. The symbol 1'' is
used to denote one second.
Thus, 1 right angle  90 degrees   90 
1  60 minutes   60'
1'  60 seconds   60"
Centesimal System
In this system a right angle is divided into 100 equal parts, called grades; each grade is
subdivided into 100 minutes, and each minute into 100 seconds.
g
The symbols 1 ,1' and 1" are used to denote a grade, a minute, and a second respectively.
Thus, 1 right angle  100 grades   100 g 
1 grade  100 minutes   100'
1 minute  100 seconds   100"
Circular System
In this system the unit of measurement is radian as defined below.
Radian
One radian, written as 1C , is the measure of an angle subtended at the centre of a circle by
an are of length equal to the radius of the circle.
TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS AND IDENTITIES 3
Consider a circle of radius r having centre at O. Let A be a point on the circle. Now cut off
an arc AP whose length is equal to the radius r of the circle. Then by the definition the
measure of AOP is 1 radian   1C  .
Since a radian is chosen as the unit of measurement of an angle, therefore it should be a

constant quantity.
Radian is a constant angle.

Consider a circle with centre O and radius r. Take point A on the circle and cut off an arc AP
whose length is equal to the radius r. Join OA and OP. Then, by definition AOP  1C .
Produce AO to meet the circle at B so that AOB  a straight angle  2 right angles.
Since the angles at the centre of a circle are proportional to the arcs subtending them.
Therefore,
AOP arc AP

AOB arc APB
AOP r  1 
 
AOB  r  arc APB  2  2r   
AOP 1
 
AOB 
1 a straight angle
 AOP  AOB 
 
a straight angle
 1C   AOP  1C 

 1C  constant [ a straight angle and  both are constants]
Hence, radian is a constant angle.
Note
The number of radians in an angle subtended by an arc of a circle at the centre is equal to
arc  s
  
radius  r
Relation Between Degrees and Radians

Consider a circle with centre O and radius r. Let A be a point on the circle. Join OA and cut
off an arc OP of length equal to the radius of the circle.
Then, AOP  1 radian. Produce AO to meet the circle at B.
AOB  a straight angle  2 right angles
We know that the angles at the centre of a circle are proportional of the arcs subtending
them.
AOP arc AP AOP r 1
    [ arc APB  (circumference)]
AOC arc APB 2 right angles  r 2
2 right angles
 AOP 

180 
 1C    radians  180

Note
i) When an angle is expressed in radians, the word radian is generally
omitted.

180  180 
ii)  radians  180  1 radian 

  7   57 16'45'' (approx)
  22 
  22 
iii) 180    radians  1  radian    radian  0.01746 radian.
180  7 180 
Relation Between Three Systems of Measurement of An Angle

Let D be the number of degrees, R be the number of radians and G be the
number of grades in an angle  .
Now, 90  1 right angle
1 D
 1   D  right angles
90 90
D
  right angles
90
Again,  radians  2 right angles
2 2R
 1 radian   R radians  right angles
 
And,
100 grades  1 right angle
1
 1 grade  right angle
100
G
 G grades  right angles
100
G
  right angles
100
D G 2R
From above equations we can write  
90 100 
Note
20C
i) GD 

Circumference of a circle
ii)   (a constant)
diameter of the circle
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS (RATIOS)

If a ray OP makes an angle  with the positive direction of X-axis then
y
i) is called sine of  and it is denoted by sin
r
y
 sin  
r
x
ii) is called cos ine of  and it is denoted by cos 
r
x
 Cos 
r
y
iii)  x  0 is called tangent of  and it is denoted by tan
x
y
 Tan  
x
x
iv)  y  0 is called cotangent of  and it is denoted by cot 
y
x
 Cot  
y
r
v)  x  0 is called secant of  and it is denoted by sec 
x
r
 Sec  
x
r
vi)  y  0 is called cosecant of  and it is denoted by cos ec
y
r
 cosec  
y
DOMAIN AND RANGES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
Function Domain Range
sin R  1,1
cos R  1,1

tan R  {  2n  1 ,n  z} R
2
cot R  {n,n  z} R

sec R  {  2n  1 ,n  z} (  1]  [1,  )
2
cosec R  {n,n  z} (  1]  [1,  )
It follows from the above discussion that

sin   1, cos   1, sec   1, cosec  1 for all values of  for which these
functions are defined
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES
An equation involving the trigonometric ratios which is valid for all values of the angle for
which the ratios are defined is called a “trigonometric identity”.
i) sin cosec  1
ii) cos .sec   1
iii) tan .cot   1
iv) sin2   cos 2   1
v) 1  tan2   sec 2 
 sec2   tan2   1
  sec   tan  sec   tan   1
1
 sec   tan  
sec   tan 
vi) 1  cot 2   cos ec 2 
  cosec  cot  cosec  cot   1
1
 cos ec  cot  
cos ec  cot 
vii) sec 2   co sec 2   sec 2 .co sec 2 

viii) tan2  sin2  tan2. sin2;
cot2  cos2  cot2 cos2
ix) sin2  cos4  1  sin2 cos2  sin4  cos2
x) sin4  cos4  1  2 sin2 cos2
xi) sin6  cos6  1  3 sin cos2
xii) sin2 x  co sec 2 x  2
cos 2 x  sec 2 x  2
tan2 x  cot 2 x  2
Values of trigonometric ratios of Some Standard Acute Angles
angle    
 00

6 4 3 2
ratio
1 1 3
sin 0 1
2 2 2
3 1 1
cos 1 0
2 2 2
1
tan 0 1 3 Undefined
3
1
cot Undefined 3 1 0
3
2
cosec Undefined 2 2 1
3
2
sec 1 2 2 Undefined
3
Signs of Trigonometrical Ratios Based on Quadrants

i) If  lies in I, II, III, IV quadrants then the signs of trigonometrical
ratios are as follows:
ii) 00 ,900 ,1800 ,2700 ,3600 ,4500 ,... etc are called quadrant angles.
iii) With “ALL SILVER TEA CUPS” symbol we can remember the signs of
trigonometric ratios.
VARIATIONS IN VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS IN DIFFERENT QUADRANTS
I QUADRANT II QUADRANT
sin increases from 0 to 1 sin decreases from 1 to 0
cos  decreases from 1 to 0 cos  decreases from 0 to -1
tan increases from 0 to  tan increases from -  to 0
cot  decreases from  to 0 cot  decreases from 0 to - 
sec  increases from 1 to  sec  increases from -  to -0
cosec  decreases from  to 1 cosec  increases from 1 to 
III QUADRANT IV QUADRANT

sin increases from 0 to -1 sin increases from -1 to 0
cos  decreases from -1 to 0 cos  increases from 0 to 1
tan increases from 0 to  tan increases from -  to 0
cot  decreases from  to 0 cot  decreases from 0 to - 

sec  increases from -1 to -  sec  decreases from  to 1
cosec  decreases from -  to -1 cosec  decreases from -1 to 

Note
Note that +  and  are two symbols. When we say that tan increases in the interval

 0, and it attains arbitrarily large positive values as  tends to Similarly for other
2
trigonometrical functions.
Increasing and decreasing behavior of trigonometric ratios
In Q1 : sin  . tan  , sec  are increasing functions.
cos  , cot  , cosec  are decreasing functions.

In Q2 : sin  , cos  , cot  are decreasing functions.
tan  , sec  , cosec  , are increasing functions.
In Q3 : sin  , cot  , sec  are decreasing functions.
tan  , cos  , cosec  , are increasing functions.
In Q4 : sin  , cos  , tan  are increasing functions.
cosec  , sec  , cot  are decreasing functions.
TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF ALLIED ANGLES

i) Two angles are said to be allied when their sum or difference is either zero or a
multiple of 90 .
  
ii) The angles , 90  , 180  , 360   etc are angles allied to the angle  if
 is measured in degrees. However, if  is measured in radians, then the

angels allied to  are ,  ,   , 2   etc.
2
Table for Reduction Formulae
  3 3
       2   
2 2 2 2
sin cos  cos  sin  sin   cos   cos   sin   sin 
cos  sin  sin   cos   cos   sin  sin cos  cos 
tan cot   cot   tan  tan cot   cot   tan   tan 
cot  tan  tan   cot  cot  tan  tan   cot   cot 
In order to compute the trigonometric ratios of allied angles, we may use the following
algorithm.
Algorithm
Step – I
See whether the given angle  is positive or negative, if it is negative, make it positive by
using the following :
sin     sin , cos    cos , tan     tan  etc.
Step – II

Express the positive angle  obtained in Step – I in the form   90  n  , where  is an
acute angle
Step – III
Determine the quadrant in which the terminal side of the angle  lies.
Step – IV
Determine the sign of the given trigonometrical function in the quadrant obtained in Step –
III.
Step – V
If n in Step II is an odd integer, then sin    cos , cos    sin  ,
tan    cot , sec    cos ec and cos ec   sec  The sign on RHS will be the sign
obtained in Step – IV. If n in Step – II is an even integer, then sin    sin , cos    cos  ,
tan    tan , sec    sec  and cos ec   cos ec .
The sign on RHS is the sign obtained in Step – IV.
Ex: Find the values of the following trigonometric ratios:

i) sin 315 ii) cos 210 iii) cos  480  iv) sin  1125 
Sol: i) sin 315  sin  90  3  45 
Since 315 lies in the IVth quadrant in which sine function is

negative and 3 is an odd integer. Therefore,
1
sin 315  sin  90  3  45    cos 45  
2
ii) cos 210  cos  90   2  30   .
Since 210 is in the IIIrd quadrant in which cosine function is

negative. Also the multiple of 90 is even.
3
 cos 210  cos  90  2  30    cos 30  
2
iii) cos  480   cos 480  cos  90  5  30  
Since 480 is in the IIrd quadrant in which cosine function is

negative. Also the multiple of 90 is odd.
1
 cos  480   cos 480  cos  90  5  30     sin30  
2
iv) sin  1125    sin1125    sin  90   12  45  
Clearly, 1125  lies in the first quadrant. The multiple of 90

in this expression is even.
1
 sin  1125    sin  90  12  45    sin 45  
2
Complimentary Angles
If A  B  90 then A, B are complementary angles.
i) sin A  cosB
ii) cosA  sinB

iii) sin2 A  sin2B  1
iv) cos2 A  cos2B  1
v) tanA  tanB  1
vi) cotA  cotB  1
Supplementary angles and Angles in a triangle

If A  B  180 then A, B are Supplementary angles.
i) sinA  sin B  0 ii) cos A  cos B  0 iii) tanA  tan B  0
If A  B  C  180 , then
iv) sin  A  B  sinC
v) cos  A  B   cos C
vi) tan  A  B   tanC
vii) cot  A  B   cot C
 A B C
viii) sin    cos
 2  2
 A B C
ix) cos    sin
 2  2
 A B C
x) tan    cot
 2  2
 A B C
xi) cot    tan
 2  2
Result
i) sin 1  sin  2  ...  sin  n  n , n  N  sin 1  sin  2  ...  sin  n  1
ii) cos 1  cos  2  ...  cos  n  n , n  N  cos 1  cos  2  ...  cos  n  1
0 if n is odd
iii) sin   sin      sin  2     ...  sin  n     
sin  if n is even
0 if n is odd
iv) cos   cos      cos  2   ...  cos  n     
cos  if n is even
COMPOUND ANGLES
The algebraic sum of two or more angles is called a compound angle. i.e. A + B, A – B, A + B
+ C, A + B – C, A – B + C, B + C – A,… etc. are called compound angles.
1. Basic Compound Angle Formulas
If A and B are any two angles then
i) sin (A+B) = sinA cosB + cosA sinB
ii) sin (A-B) = sinA cosB – cosA sinB
iii) cos (A-B) = cosA cosB – sinA sinB
iv) cos(A-B) = cosA cosB + sinA sinB
tan A  tanB  
v) tan  A  B    A, B, A  B, A  B   2n  1 
1  tan A tanB  2
tan A  tanB  
vi) tan  A  B  A, B, A  B, A  B   2n  1 
1  tan A tanB  2
cot A cot B  1
vii) cot  A  B    A, B, A  B, A  B  n 
cot B  cot A
cot A cot B  1
viii) cot  A  B   A, B, A  B, A  B  n 
cot B  cot A
2. Transformations
i) sin  A  B  sin  A  B  2sin A cos B
ii) sin  A  B  sin  A  B  2cos A sinB
iii) cos  A  B  cos  A  B  2cos A cos B
iv) cos  A  B  cos  A  B   2sin A sinB
v) cos  A  B  cos  A  B  2sin AsinB.
3. i) sin  A  B sin  A  B  sin2 A  sin2 B  cos2 B  cos2 A
ii) cos  A  B cos  A  B  cos2 A  sin2 B  cos2 B  sin2 A
tan2 A  tan2 B
iii) tan  A  B  tan  A  B  
1  tan2 A tan2 B
cot 2 A cot 2 B  1
iv) cot  A  B  cot  A  B  
cot2 B  cot2 A
cos   sin  1  tan 

4. i) tan  45      cot  45    
cos   sin  1  tan 
cos   sin  1  tan 
ii) tan  45     cot  45    
cos   sin  1  tan 
iii) tan  45   .tan  45    1
sin  A  B 
5. i) tan A  tan B 
cos A cos B
sin  A  B 
ii) tanA  tanB 
cos A cos B
sin  B  A 
iii) cotA  cotB 
sin A sinB
sin  B  A 
iv) cot A  cot B 
sin A sinB
STANDARD RESULTS BASED ON COMPOUND ANGLES

m 1
6. i) If tan   ;tan   then tan       1
m 1 2m  1
m 1 1
ii) If tan   ;tan   then tan       1
m 2m  1
m 1 
iii) If tan   ;tan   then     
m 1 2m  1 4
m nm 
iv) If tan A  ,tanB  then  A  B 
n nm 4
m mn 
v) If tan A  ,tanB  then  A  B 
n mn 4
7. i) sin   sin 120    sin 120    0
ii) sin   sin  240    sin  240    0
iii) cos   cos 120    cos 120    0
iv) cos   cos  240    cos  240    0
8. If A  B  45 or 225 then
i) 1  tan A 1  tanB  2

ii) 1  cot A 1  cot B  2
iii) 1  cot A 1  cos B  2cot A cot B

9. If A  B  135 or 315 then
i) 1  tan A 1  tanB  2

ii) 1  cot A 1  cot B  2
iii) 1  tan A 1  tanB  2tan A tanB

10. A  B  C   2n  1 ,n  z
2
i) cot A  cot B  cot C  cot A cot Bcot C
ii) tan A tanB  tanBtanC  tanC tan A  1
11. A  B  C  n, n  z
i)  tan  A    tan  A 
ii)   cot A cot B   1
12. i) tan A  tanB  tan A tanBtan  A  B  tan  A  B

ii) tan A  2tanB  tan  A  B or cot A if 2A  B 
2
iii) tan A  tanB  tan A tanBtan  A  B  tan  A  B

iv) tan A  2tanB  tan  A  B if 2A  B 
2
v) tan B  tan A  tan C  tan A tan B tan C if A  C  B
13. If A  B  C  
i) tan A  tanB  tanC  tan A  tanB  tanC
A B B C C A
ii) tan  tan  tan  tan  tan  tan  1
2 2 2 2 2 2
iii) cot A cot B  cot Bcot C  cot Ccot A  1
A B C A B C
iv) cot  cot  cot  cot  cot  cot
2 2 2 2 2 2
14. A + B + C Formulas
i) sin  A  B  C   sin A cos Bcos C  cos A sinBcos C  cos A cos BsinC
 sin A sinBsinC    sin A cos B cos C   sin A sin B sin C

 cos A cos Bcos C  tan A  tanB  tanC  tan A tanBtanC 
ii) cos  A  B  C  cos A cos Bcos C  sin AsinBcos C
 sin A cos BsinC  cos A sinBsinC

 cos A cos B cos C    sin A sin B cos C 
 cos A cos B cos C 1  tan A tan B  tan B tan C  tan C tan A 
tan A  tanB  tanC  tan A tanBtanC

iii) tan  A  B  C  
1  tan A tanB  tanB tanC  tanC tan A

  tan A     tan A 
1    tan A tanB
iv) Given the product p of sines of the angles of a triangle and the product q of
their cosines, the cubic equation whose coefficients are functions of p and q and
whose roots are the tangents of the angles of the triangle is
qx 3  px 2   q  1 x  p  0
15. A 1  A 2  A 3  ...  A n Formulas
i) sin  A1  A2  ...  A n   cos A1 cos A2 ...cos An  S1  S3  S5  S7  ...
ii) cos  A1  A2  ...  An   cos A1 cos A2...cos A n 1  S2  S4  S6  ...
S1  S3  S5  S7  ...
iii) tan  A1  A 2  ...  A n  
1  S2  S4  S6  ...
where S1  tan A 1  tan A 2  ...  tan A n  Sum of tangents taken one at a time.
S2  tan A 1 tan A 2  tan A 1 tan A 3  ...  Sum of the tangents taken two at a
time.
S3  tan A 1 tan A 2 tan A 3  tan A 2 tan A 3 tan A 4  ...  Sum of the tangents taken
three at a time and so on.

16. The values of trigonometric functions of some standard angles.

1 1
22 67
 15° 2 2 75°
3 1 2 1 2 1 3 1
sin  2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 1 2 1 2 1 3 1
cos  2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
tan  2 3 2 1 2 1 2 3
cot  2 3 2 1 2 1 2 3
1 3 1 1 3 1
sin15  sin  45  30   sin 45 cos 30  sin 30 cos 45   
2 2 2 2 2 2
Also, sin15  cos 75   cos105 
3 1
Similarly, cos15 
2 2
Also, cos15  sin 75  sin105
tan 60  tan 45 3 1

tan15  tan  60  45     2 3
1  tan 60 tan 45 3 1
tan 60  tan 45 3 1

tan 75  tan  60  45     2 3
1  tan 60 tan 45 3 1
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
MULTIPLE AND SUB MULTIPLE ANGLES

If A is an angle, then 2A, 3A, 4A,… etc are called multiple angles of A and
A A
, ,… etc are called sub multiple angles of A.
2 3
1. Formulas for 2A
i) sin 2A  2sin A cos A
2tan A

1  tan2 A
ii) cos 2A  cos 2 A  sin2 A
 2cos2 A  1
 1  2sin2 A
1  tan2 A

1  tan2 A
2tan A
iii) tan2A 
1  tan2 A
cot2 A  1
iv) cot 2A 
2cot A
1
 cot A  tan A
2
2. sinA, cosA in terms of cos 2A
i) 1  cos 2A  2cos 2 A
ii) 1  cos 2A  2sin2 A
1  cos 2A
iii) sin A  
2
1  cos 2A
iv) cos A  
2
1  cos 2A
v) tan A  
1  cos 2A
3. Formulas for 3A
i) sin3A  3sin A  4sin3 A
ii) cos 3A  4cos 3 A  3 cos A
3 tan A  tan3 A
iii) tan 3A 
1  3 tan2 A
3 cot A  cot 3 A
iv) cot 3A 
1  3 cot 2 A
A
4. Formulas for A in terms of
2
A A
i) sin A  2sin cos
2 2
A
2tan
 2
A
1  tan2
2
A A
ii) cos A  cos2  sin2
2 2
A
 2cos2 1
2
A
 1  2sin2
2
A
1  tan2
 2
2 A
1  tan
2
A
2tan
iii) tan A  2
A
1  tan2
2
 cos ec2A  cot 2A
A
cot 2    1
iv) cotA  2
A
2cot
2
 cos ec2A  cot 2A
A
1  tan
 A 2
v) tan    
 4 2  1  tan A
2
A A
cos sin
 2 2
A A
cos  sin
2 2
1  sin A cos A
 
cos A 1  sin A
 sec A  tan A
 A
 cot   
4 2
A
1  tan
 A 2
vi) tan    
 4 2  1  tan A
2
A A
cos sin
 2 2
A A
cos  sin
2 2
1  sin A 1  sin A
 
1  sin A cos A
 sec A  tan A
 A
 cot   
4 2
A 1  cos A A 1  cos A
vii) sin2   sin  
2 2 2 2
A 1  cos A A 1  cos A
viii) cos 2   cos  
2 2 2 2
A 1  cos A A 1  cos A
ix) tan2   tan  
2 1  cos A 2 1  cos A
5. Standard Results based on Multiple sub Multiple Angles

i) sin4   cos 4   1  2sin2  cos 2 
1
 1  sin2 2
2
ii) sin6   cos 6   1  3sin2  cos 2 
3
 1 sin2 2
4
iii) cot A  tan A  2cos ec2A
iv) cot A  tan A  2cot 2A
 
v) tan(  A)  tan(  A)  2sec 2A
4 4
 
vi) tan (  A)  tan(  A)  2tan2A
4 4
vii) tanA  2 tan2A  22 tan22 A  ...  2n1 tan 2n 1 A  2n cot 2n A  cot A
   
6. If   60 or 120 or 240 or 300 .
1
i) sin  sin     sin       sin3
4
1
ii) cos  cos      cos       cos 3
4
iii) tan  tan     tan      tan3
iv) cot  cot     cot      cot 3 
3
v) sin2   sin2      sin2      
2
3
vi) cos2   cos2      cos2      
2
3
vii) cos3   cos3 120     cos3 120     cos 3
4
7. Important Series
sin  2n  
i) cos .cos 2 .cos 4 ....cos  2n 1   
2n sin 
sin  2n 1  
ii) cos  cos 2 cos  22  .....cos  2n   
2n 1 sin 
 1
iii) If   n
then cos  . cos 2. cos 22 .................... .cos 2n1   n
2 1 2
 1
iv) If   n
then cos . Cos2. Cos22 .........cos 2n1    n
2 1 2
iv) 1  sec 2 1  sec 4 1  sec 8  .............1  sec 2n   tan2n  cot 
2cos 2n   1
v)  2cos   1 2cos 2   1 2cos 4  1 ........  2cos 2n1   1 
2cos   1
vi) If 0    180 , then 2  2  2  ... 2 1  cos   there being ' n '
  
number of 2’s equal to 2cos  n 
2 
Trigonometric Ratios of 18 , 36 , 54 , 72
18  36  54  72
5 1 10  2 5 5 1 10  2 5
sin
4 4 4 4
10  2 5 5 1 10  2 5 5 1
cos
4 4 4 4
Let   18  , then 5  90
 2  3  90
 2  90  3
 sin2  sin  90  3
 sin 2  cos 3
 2sin  cos   4cos3   3cos 
 2sin   4cos2   3
 2sin   4 1  sin2   3  1  4sin2 
 4sin2   2sin  1  0
2  4  16 2  2 5 1  5
 sin    
8 8 4
1  5 1  5
Thus, sin   ,
4 4
   18
 sin   sin18  0 , for 18  lies in the first quadrant.
5 1
 sin  , i.e., sin18 
4
Value of cos18
2
2  2 
 5 1 5  1  2 5 10  2 5
cos 18  1  sin 18  1     1  
 1  16 16
1
 cos18  10  2 5
4
Value of cos 36 , sin 36

2
 2 
 5 1 5 1
cos 36  1  2sin 18  1  2   
 4  4
Value of sin 36

2
2  2 
 5 1 6  2 5 16  6  2 5 10  2 5
sin 36  1  cos 36  1     1   
 4  16 16 16
1
 sin36  10  2 5  sin36  0
4
5 1
sin54  sin  90  36   cos 36 
4
1
cos54  cos  90  36   sin36 
4  10  2 5 
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
S + C, S – C SIGNS
A A
If S  sin and C  cos then
2 2
i) S  C   1  sinA
ii) S  C   1  sinA
A
iii) 2sin   1  sin A  1  sin A
2
A
iv) 2cos   1  sin A  1  sin A
2
 A 3
v) a) S  C  0,S  C  0 If  
4 2 4
3 A 5
b) S  C  0,S  C  0 If  
4 2 4
5 A 7
c) S  C  0,S  C  0 If  
4 2 4
 A 
d) S  C  0,S  C  0 If  
4 2 4
A
Ex: 1 Within what limits must lie if
2
A
i) 2sin   1  sin A  1  sin A
2
A
ii) 2sin   1  sin A  1  sin A
2
A
Sol: i) 2sin   1  sin A  1  sin A
2
 A A
1  sin A   cos  sin 
 2 2
A A
1  sin A  cos  sin
2 2
To make LHS and RHS equal
A A A A
 cos  sin  0 and cos  sin  0
2 2 2 2
A A  A A
Hence, 1  sin A  cos  sin    cos  sin  … (1)
2 2  2 2
A A  A A
1  sin A  cos  sin    cos  sin  … (2)
2 2  2 2
A
On substituting (1) and (2) in RHS, we get 2sin . i.e., LHS
2
A A 3 A 7
cos  sin  0    … (3)
2 2 2 2 4
A A 3 A 
cos  sin  0     … (4)
2 2 2 2 4
3 A 
The intersection of (3) and (4) is   
4 2 4
A 3 A 
 i.e., between 2n     2n  
2 4 2 4
A
ii) 2sin  1  sin A  1  sin A
2
A A
We know that, 1  sin A  cos  sin to make LHS and RHS
2 2
equal
A A A A
 cos  sin  0 and cos  sin  0
2 2 2 2
 A A
Hence 1  sin A    cos  sin  … (5)
 2 2
 A A
1  sin A    cos  sin  … (6)
 2 2
On substituting (5) and (6) in RHS of a given problem, we get LHS

A
i.e., 2sin .
2
Therefore,
A A  A 3
cos  sin  0     … (7)
2 2 4 2 4
A A  A 5
cos  sin  0    … (8)
2 2 4 2 4
 A 3
The intersection (7) and (8) is  
4 2 4
A   3 
   2n   , 2n    where n  Z
2  4 4 
Ex:2 If   240  , is the following statement correct?


2sin  1  sin   1  sin  if not, how must it be modified?
2
   
Sol: 1  sin   sin2  cos 2  2sin cos
2 2 2 2
2
  
  sin  cos 
 2 2
 
 sin  cos
2 2
 
or, sin  cos   1  sin  … (i)
2 2
 
Similarly sin  cos   1  sin  … (ii)
2 2
Now we have to select the suitable sign. The sign selected will
depend on 0. To decide the sign, we will proceed as follow.
   1  1 
Now, sin  cos  2  sin  cos 
2 2  2 2 2 2
 
 2 sin   45  
2 
 2 sin 120  45     240 
 2sin165  0 [ sin is (+) ve in 2nd quadrant]

 
 sin  cos   1  sin  … (iii)
2 2
   
Similarly, sin
2 2 2 


 cos  2 sin   45    2 sin 120  45


 2sin75  0
 
 sin  cos   1  sin  … (iv)
2 2

Adding (iii) and (iv), we get 2sin  1  sin   1  sin 
2
A
Ex:3 For A  133 , prove that 2cos  1  sin A  1  sin A
2
2
 A A
Sol: 1  sin A   cos  sin 
 2 2
A A
 1  sin A  cos  sin
2 2
A A A
 1  sin A  cos  sin [ is an acute angle]
2 2 2
And,
2
 A A
1  sin A   cos  sin 
 2 2
A A
 1  sin A  cos  sin
2 2

 A A  A 1 A A
 1  sin A    cos  sin    66  cos  sin 
 2 2  2 2 2 2
A A
 1  sin A  sin  cos
2 2
A
 2cos  1  sin A  1  sin A
2
 o
1 1
Values of Trigonometric Ratios for 22 ,7
2 2

1
1. Find the values of Trigonometric Ratios of 22
2
  
1 1 1
( sin22  0 , cos 22  0 , tan22  0)
2 2 2
1
  1
1 1  cos 45 2 2 1
i) sin 22   
2 2 2 2 2
1
 1
1 1  cos 45  2 2 1
ii) cos 22   
2 2 2 2 2

1 2 1
iii) tan22 
2 2 1
  2 1 

1
iv) cot 22  2 1
2
2. Prove that

1
i) cot 7
2
  3 2  
2 1  2  3  4  6

1
or tan82
2
  3 2  2 1 
ii) tan 142 30'  2  2  3  6
 1o 
iii) tan 11   4  2 2   2 1 
 4 
   
1   1  1 1
Sol: i) tan82  tan  90  7   cot 7  cot A , say, where A  7 .
2  2  2 2
cos A 2cos 2 A
Now cot A  
sin A 2sin A cos A
1  cos 2A 1  cos15
 
sin 2A sin15
 cot 7
1


2 2  3 1


3 1 
2 3 1 3 1

2 2  3 1    3 1 
3 1
2 6 2 2 42 3

2
 6  2 2 3
 2  
2 1  3  2 1 
  2 1  3 2 

 1 
ii) tan 142 30'  tan  90  45  7 
 2 

 1 
  cot  45  7 
 2 

1
1  tan7
1 2
 
 
  1  1
tan  45  7  1  tan7
 2  2

cos A  sin A 1
 where A  7
cos A  sin A 2
2

 cos A  sin A  
1  sin 2A
2 2
cos A  sin A cos 2A
3 1
1 
1  sin15 2 2
 
cos15 3 1  
2 2

 
3 1  2 2

 3 1 
 3 1  3 1

 
3 1  2 6  2 2
 3  1
42 3 2 6 2 2
  2 2  3  6
2
iii) tan 22
1


1  cos 45  
 2 1 
1
2 sin 45   2 1 
 
1 1 2t 1
A  11
4
, 2A  22 , tan 2A 
2 1  t2

2 1
2
, t 2  
2  1 t 1  0

1
Where t  tan11  ive
4
 t
2  
2 1  2 3  2 2 1
2
 4  2 2    
2  1 , as t is + ive.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
TRANSFORMATIONS
1. i) 2sin A cos B  sin  A  B  sin  A  B
ii) 2cos A sinB  sin  A  B  sin  A  B
iii) 2cos A cos B  cos  A  B  cos  A  B
iv) 2sin AsinB  cos  A  B  cos  A  B
(or) cos  A  B  cos  A  B  2sin AsinB
CD CD
2. i) sinC  sinD  2sin .cos
2 2
CD CD
ii) sinC  sinD  2cos .sin
2 2
CD CD
iii) cos C  cos D  2cos .cos
2 2
CD DC
iv) cos C  cos D  2sin .sin
2 2
sin A  sin B A B
v)  tan  
cos A  cos B  2 
   
vi) cos   cos   cos   cos         4cos cos cos
2 2 2
3. If sin A  sinB  x, and cos A  cos B  y, Then
 A B x
i) tan  
 2  y
2xy
ii) sin  A  B  
y  x2
2
y2  x2
iii) cos  A  B  
y2  x2
2xy
iv) tan  A  B  
y2  x2
4. Important Series
 n 
sin  
i) sin   sin       sin    2   ...  sin     n  1    2  sin  2   n  1  
  
sin  2 
2
 n 
sin  
ii) cos   cos       cos    2   ...  cos     n  1     2  cos  2   n  1  
  
sin  2 
2
Proof

Let S  sin   sin       sin       ...  sin   n  1  
Here angle are in A.P. and common difference of angles  

 multiplying both sides by 2sin , we get
2
   
2S sin
2 2 2

 2sin  sin  2sin      sin  ...  2sin   n  1  sin
2
 … (i)
    
Now, 2sin  sin  cos      cos    
2  2   2 
    3 
2sin      sin  cos      cos    
2  2  2 
  3   5 
2sin    2  sin  cos      cos    
2  2   2 

    
 
2sin   n  1  sin  cos     2n  3    cos    2n  1 
2  2  2
   
Adding, we get RHS of equation (i)  cos      cos     2n  1 
 2  2
n
sin
   n 2 sin     n  1  
or, 2sin S  2sin    n  1  sin  S 
2  2  2 sin
  2 
2

In the above result replacing  by   , we get
2
n
sin
2 cos     n  1  

cos   cos       cos    2   ...  cos   n  1     
 2 
sin
2
CONDITIONAL IDENTITIES
5. If A  B  C  180 then
i) sin2A  sin2B  sin2C  4sinA sinBsinC
ii) sin2A  sin2B  sin2C  4cosA cosBsinC
iii) cos2A  cos2B  cos2C  1  4 cosA cosB cosC
iv) cos2A  cos2B  cos2C  1  4sinA sinB cosC
A B C
v) sinA  sinB  sinC  4cos cos cos
2 2 2
A B C
vi) sinA  sinB  sinC  4sin sos sin
2 2 2
A B C
vii) cosA  cosB  cosC  1  4sin sin sin
2 2 2
A B C
viii) cosA  cosB  cosC  1  4cos cos sin
2 2 2
ix) cos2A  cos2B  cos2C  1  2cosAcosBcosC
x) sin2A  sin2B  sin2C  2  2 cosA cosB cosC

A B C A B C
xi) sin2  sin2  sin2  1  2sin sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C A B C
xii) cos2  cos2  cos2  2  2sin Sin Sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
6. In a ABC
m1
i) sin 2mA  sin 2mB  sin 2mC   1 4sin mA sin mB sin mC
mA mB mC
ii) cos mA  cos mB  cos mC  1  4sin sin sin according as m is of the
2 2 2
form 4n  1 or, 4n  3
________________________________________________________________________________________________
GRAPHS OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

PERIODICITY
1. i) Periodic function and period of function:-
A real function f : A  B such that f  x  k   f  x  k  R then f  x  is called
periodic function and least positive real number ‘k’ is called period of function.
(i.e.,) ‘k’ is periodic of f(x) then
(i) f  x  k   f  x  and (ii) f  x  nk   f  x 
ii) If the period of f  x  is k, then the period of f  x  is also ‘k’
2. Periodicity of Trigonometric Functions

i) The period of sin x, cos x, cos ecx and sec x is 2
ii) The period of tanx, cot x is 
2
iii) The period of sin kx, cos kx, sec kx, cos eckx is
k

iv) The period of tan kx, cot kx is
k
n n n n
v) The period of sin x, cos x, cosec x, sec x
a) if n is even it is 
b) if n is odd it is 2
n n
vi) The period of tan x, cot x when ‘n’ is either even (or) odd is 
vii) The period of sin x , cos x , tan x , cos ecx , sec x and cot x is 
n n
viii) If a, b  R and n  N. The period of (A) asin x  bcos x
n n n n
(B) a tan x  bcos x (C) a cosec x  bsec x
ab ab

n even 
2
n odd 2 2
ix) The period of (A) a sin x  b cos x (B) a tan x  b cot x

(C) a cos ecx  b sec x is if a  b is if a  b
2
x) The period of x   x  is 1[here [.] denotes greatest integer function  x ] The
1
period of ax  ax  is
a
xi) If p1 and p 2 are the periods of f1  x  and f2  x  respectively then
g  x   af1  x   bf2  x  : a, b  R , is also a periodic function. A period of g  x  is
p  LCM  p1, p2  . It is important to observe that in some cases p itself may be
the (fundamental) period and in some cases a sub multiple of p may be the
fundamental period.
a  f1  x   b  f2  x 
xii) is LCM of periods of f1  x  , f2  x  ,f3  x  and f4  x 
c  f2  x   d  f 4  x 
a c e LCM of Nr LCM of  a, c, e 
xiii) The LCM of functions , , is (i.e.,) extreme
b d f HCF of Dr HCF of  b, d, f 
values
xiv) LCM of rational number and irrational number does not exist
Ex: LCM 2, 3, 2, 4  does not exist.
________________________________________________________________________________________________
EXTREME VALUES
i) The range of sin x and cos x is  1, 1
ii) The range of tan x and cot x is  ,  
iii) The range of sec x and cos ecx is  ,  1  1,  
iv) For positive real numbers A.M.  G.M.  H.M.

v) The minimum value of
i) a 2 sin2 x  b2 cos ec2 x ii) a 2 tan2 x  b2 cot 2 x
iii) a 2 cos 2 x  b2 sec 2 x is 2ab,
Range: 2ab,  
Explanation
a 2 sin2 x  b2 cos ec 2 x
 a 2 sin2 a  b2 cos ec 2 x
2
2
vi) The minimum value of a 2 sec 2 x  b2 cos ec 2 x is  a  b
2  b
Range:  a  b  ,   and it has minimum at x  tan 1 
   a 
 
Explanation
Since a 2 sec 2 x  b2 cos ec 2 x
 a2 1  cot2 x   b2 1  tan2 x 
 a 2  b2  a 2 cot2 x  b2 tan2 x
 a 2  b2  2ab
2
  a  b
The range of a cot x  b tan x is 2 ab,  

  
Where a, b  R and x   0, 
 2
vii) The extreme values of a cos x  bsin x  c
Min  c  a 2  b2 Max  c  a 2  b2
Range  c  a 2  b 2 , c  a 2  b 2 
 
Explanation
Let f  x   a cos x  bsin x  c ; a, b, c are real constants and x  R .
Let a  r cos , b  r sin  so that r  a 2  b 2  0
Now, f  x   r  cos  cos x  sin  sin x   c
 r cos  x    c
 but we know that 1  cos  x     1
 r  r cos  x    r
 c  r  c  r cos  x    c  r
 i.e., c  a2  b2  f  x   c  a2  b2
Hence the minimum and the maximum values (the extreme values) of f  x  over
R are c  a 2  b 2 and  c a 2  b 2 respectively. Since f  x  is continuous, its
range is c  a 2  b 2 , c  a 2  b 2  .
 
viii) The extreme value of a sin2 x  b sin x cos x  c cos2 x

2
a c b2   a  c 
Min  
2 2
2
a c b2   a  c 
Max  
2 2
Explanation
a sin2 x  b sin x cos x  c cos 2 x
 1  cos 2x  b  1  cos 2x 
 a   sin 2x  c  
 2  2  2 
1

2
 a  c    c  a  cos 2x  bsin2x
2 2
 c  a   b2   c  a  cos 2x  bsin2x  c  a   b2 for all x
1 2 1 b 1 2
 c  a   b2   c  a  cos 2x  sin2x  c  a   b2 for all x
2 2 2 2
1 1 2 1 1 1
 a  c  a  c  b2   a  c    c  a  cos 2x  bsin2x
2 2 2 2 2
1 1 2
 a  c  a  c  b2 for all x
2 2
1 1 2
 a  c  a  c  b2  a sin2 x  b sin x cos x  c cos 2 x
2 2
1 1 2
 a  c  a  c  b2 for all x
2 2
1
ix) Range of
a cos  x     b sin  x     c
 1 1 
 ,  if 0  c  a 2  b2 , c  a 2  b2 
2 2
 c  a  b c  a  b 
2 2  

 1   1 
 ,   ,  if 0  c  a 2  b2 , c  a 2  b2 
c  a 2  b 2   c  a 2  b2  
 
ix) CAUCHY – SCHWARTZ INEQUALITY
a and b are vectors a  b  a b
n n n
In general a i bi  a  b i
2
i
2
where  a1, a 2 ,...a n  and  b1, b2 ,...bn  are n-
i 1 i 1 i 1
tupules of real number.

Explanation with example
Ex: If x, y, z are variables and 3 tan x  4 tan y  5 tan z  20 , then the
2 2 2
minimum value of tan x  tan y  tan z is 8

Sol: Let a  3i  4 j  5k
 . Then, a  b
   tan x  i   tan y  j   tanz  k  2  2  2
And, b    a b
2
  3tan x  4tan y  5tan z    9  16  25  tan2 x  tan2 y  tan2 z  
2
  20   50  tan2 x  tan2 y  tan2 z 
 tan2 x  tan2 y  tan2 z  8

x) JENSEN’S INEQUALITY
Maximum, minimum values of sine, cosine, tangent functions by using their
graphs.
 
If A, B, C   0,  prove that
 2
sin A  sin B  sin C ABC
i)  sin  
3  3 
cos A  cos B  cos C A BC
ii)  cos  
3  3 
tan A  tan B  tan C A BC
iii)  tan  
3  3 
If A  B  C  180 , then
sin A  sin B  sin C  180  3

iv)  sin  
3  3  2
3 3
 sin A  sinB  sinC 
2
cos A  cos B  cos C  180   1
v)  cos  
3  3  2
3
 cos A  cos B  cos C 
2
tan A  tanB  tanC  180 
vi)  then   3
3  3 
 tan A  tanB  tanC  3 3 .
Proof of i.
P   A, sin A 
Q   B, sinB
C   C, sinC 
 A  B  C sin A  sin B  sin C 

G , 
 3 3 
ABC  A  B  C 
S , sin  
 3  3 
From the above diagram it is clear that

TG  TS .
  sin  
3  3 
Proof of ii.
P   A, cos A 
Q   B, cos B
C   C, cos C
 A  B  C cos A  cos B  cos C 

G , 
 3 3 
ABC  A  B  C 
S , cos  
 3  3 

TG  TS .
 cos  
3  3 
Proof of iii.
P   A, tan A 
Q   B, tanB
C   C, tanC
 A  B  C tan A  tan B  tan C 

G , 
 3 3 
ABC  A  B  C 
S , tan  
 3  3 

TG  TS .
 tan  
3  3 
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
1. The angles of a triangle are in A.P. The number of grades in the least; is to the number of
radians in the greatest as 40 :  . Find the angles in degrees.
Sol: Let the angles of the triangle be  a  d  ,a  and  a  d  . Then,  a  d   a   a  d   180
 3a  180  a  60
So, the angles are  60  d  ,60 and  60  d  .
Clearly, the least angle is  60  d   and the greatest angle is  60  d  .

g
g  10 
Since, 90  100  1   
 9 
g g
 10   600  10d 
  60  d       60  d     
 9   9 
c
 
Also,  60  d      60  d    .
 180 
Number of grades in least angle 40
It is given that: 
Number of radians in the greatest angle 
600  10d
9 40
 
 
 60  d 
180
600  10d 180 40
  
9  60  d   
 600  10d  120  2d

 d  40.
Hence, the angles of the triangle are 20 ,60  and 100.
2. Find the angle between the minute hand of a clock and the hour hand when the time is 7:20
AM.
Sol:  Angle traced by the hour hand in 12 hours  360
22
Angle traced by the hour hand in 7 hrs 20 min. i.e hrs
3
 360 22 
    220
 12 3 
Also, the angle traced by the minute hand in 60 min  360.

The angle traced by the minute hand in 20 min
 360 
  20    120.
 60 
Hence, the required angle between two hands
 220  120  100.
3. The perimeter of a certain sector of a circle is equal to the length of the arc of a semi-circle
havening the same radius. Express the angle of the sector in degrees, minutes and seconds.
Sol: Let r be the radius of the circle and  be the sector angle. Then,
Perimeter of the sector  2r  r
Length of the arc of a semi-circle having the same radius. r  r
It is given that
2r  r  r
 2  
      2 radians

 180 
     2   
  

 360 
   180   
  
 180  2  5717'45"
 180  11435'30"
 6524'30"
cos 4  sin 4 
4. If   1, prove that
cos 2  sin2 
cos 2  sin4 
i) sin4   sin4   2sin2  sin2  ii)  1
cos 4  sin2 
cos 4  sin 4 
Sol:  1
cos 2 sin2 
 cos4  sin2   sin4  cos2   cos2  sin2 

2
  
 cos 4  1  cos 2   cos 2  1  cos2   
 cos2  1  cos2  
 cos 4   cos4  cos2   cos2   2cos2  cos2   cos 4  cos2   cos2   cos 4 
 cos 4   2cos2  cos2   cos 4   0

2

 cos 2   cos 2   0
 cos2   cos2 
 sin2   sin2 
2
i) 
sin4   sin4   sin2   sin2    2sin2  sin2   2sin2  sin2   sin2   sin2  
cos 4  sin4  cos 2  cos 2  sin2  sin2 

ii)     cos2   sin2   1
cos 2  sin2  cos 2  sin2 
5. If ,  and  are acute angles such that cos   tan ,cos   tan  and cos   tan , prove that
5 1
sin   sin   sin  
2
Sol: cos   tan 
 cos2   tan2 
 cos2   sec2   1
 cos 2   cot 2   1  cos   tan   sec   cot  

 cos   tan  
2 tan2   
 cos   1
1  tan2   cot   cos   tan  
 sin  1  tan2  
sin2 
 cos2   1
cos 2   sin2 
sin2 
 1  cos 2  
cos 2   sin2 
sin2 
 2  sin2  
1  2sin2 
 2sin4   6sin2   2  0
 sin4   3sin2   1  0
3 5  3 5 
 sin2    Since  1
2  2 
2
2 6  2 5  5 1
 sin   
4  2 
 
5 1
 sin   [   is an acute angle]
2
Now,
tan   cos 
 tan   1  sin2 
62 5  3 5 5 1
 tan   1     1  
 4 2 2
 
1
 sin  
1  cot 2 
tan 

1  tan2 
5 1
2

5 1
1
2
5 1 5 1
 
5 1  5 1  
5 1
5 1

2
5 1 5 1
Similarly, sin   Hence, sin   sin   sin  
2 2
6. If tan       n tan      , show that  n  1 sin 2   n  1 sin 2.,
Sol: tan       n tan     
tan      n
 
tan      1
tan       tan      n 1
 
tan       tan      n 1
sin      cos       cos      sin      n 1

 
sin      cos       cos      sin      n 1
sin              n 1
 
sin              n 1
sin 2 n  1
 
sin 2 n  1
  n  1 sin    n  1 sin 2
3
7. If cos       cos       cos        , prove that
2
cos   cos   cos   sin   sin   sin   0
3
Sol: cos       cos       cos      
2
 2cos  cos   2sin  sin   2cos  cos   2sin  sin  2cos  cos   2sin  sin   3
  2cos  cos   2cos  cos   2cos  cos     2sin  sin   2sin  sin   2sin  sin    3  0
  2cos  cos   2cos  cos   2cos  cos     2sin  sin   2sin  sin   2sin  sin  
     
 cos2   sin2   cos2   sin2   cos 2   sin2   0

 cos 2   cos2   cos 2   2cos  cos   2cos  cos   2cos  cos  
 
 sin2   sin2   sin2   2sin  sin   2sin  sin   2sin  sin   0
2 2
  cos   cos   cos     sin   sin   sin    0
 cos   cos   cos   0 and sin   sin   sin   0
8. If  and  are the solutions of a cos   b sin   c, then show that
i) cos      
a 2  b2
ii) cos      

2c 2  a 2  b2 
a 2  b2 2
a b 2
Sol: a cos   bsin   c … (1)

 a cos   c  b sin 
2
 a 2 cos2    c  bsin  
 
 a 2 1  sin2   c 2  2bc sin   b2 sin2 
 
 a 2  b2 sin2   2bc sin   c 2  a 2  0   … (2)
Since, ,  are roots of (1). Therefore, sin  and sin  are roots of equation (2).
c2  a 2
Hence, sin  sin  
a 2  b2
Again, a cos   bsin   c
 b sin   c  a cos 
2
 b2 sin2    c  a cos  
2
 
 b2 1  cos 2    c  a cos  
 
 a 2  b2 cos2   2ac cos   c 2  b2  0 … (3)
It is given that ,  are the roots of (1) So, cos ,cos  are the roots of equation (3)
c 2  b2
Hence, cos  cos  
a 2  b2
Now, cos       cos  cos   sin  sin 
c 2  b2 c 2  a 2 a 2  b2
 cos         and, cos       cos  cos   sin  sin 
a 2  b2 a 2  b2 a 2  b2
c 2  b2 c 2  a 2
 cos       
a 2  b2 a 2  b2
 cos      

2c 2  a 2  b2 
2 2
a b
tan  A  B  sin2 C
9. If   1, Then prove that tan A, tan C,tan B are in G.P.
tan A sin2 A
tan  A  B  sin2 C
Sol:  1
tan A sin2 A
sin2 C tan  A  B 
 2
1
sin A tan A
sin2 C tan A  tan B
 2
1
sin A tan A 1  tan A tan B 
sin2 C tan A  tan2 A tan B  tan A  tan B

 
sin2 A tan A 1  tan A tan B 

sin2 C

tanB 1  tan2 A  
sin2 C tan B.sec 2 A

 
tan B sin2 A
 sin2 C 1  tan A tan B   .
tan A cos2 A
 sin2 C 1  tan A tan B   tan A tan B

 sin2 C  tan A tan B 1  sin2 C 
 sin2 C  tan A tanBcos2 C
sin2 C
  tan A tan B
cos 2 C
 tan2 C  tan A tan B
 tan A,tan C,tan B are in G.P.
sin      1 m    
10. If  , prove that tan     tan      m
cos      1 m  4   4 
sin      1 m
Sol:  
cos      1 m
sin       cos      2
 
sin       cos      2m
 
sin       sin        
 2 1
sin       cos      m
     
 2   2 
2sin   cos  
 2   2 
     1
      m
 2   2 
2sin   cos  
 2   2 
   
    
sin     cos   
 4   4   1
     m
sin     cos    
 4   4 
   
sin     cos    
 4  4  1
    m
cos     sin    
4  4 
    1
 tan     cot     
4  4  m
   
 m  cot     ta    
4  4 
     
 m  tan        tan    
 2  4   4 
   
 m  tan     tan    
 4   4 
11. Show that

1
i) sin  sin  60    sin  60     sin3
4
1
ii) cos  cos  60    cos  60     cos 3
4
iii) tan  tan  60    tan  60     tan 3
Hence find the values of the following.
iv) sin 6 sin 42 sin 66 sin 78
v) tan 6 tan 42 tan 66 tan 78
vi) sin 20 sin 40 sin 60 sin 80
vii) cos10 cos 30 cos 50 cos 70
Sol: i) sin  sin  60    sin  60   
 sin  sin2 60  sin2    sin  A  B  sin  A  B  sin

2
A  sin2 B 
3  1
 sin    sin2   3sin   4sin3  
4  4
1
 sin3
4
ii) cos  cos  60    cos  60   
 cos  cos 2 60  sin2  
1 
 cos    1  cos 2     cos  A  B cos  A  B   cos 2
A  sin2 B 
4 
 3  1
 cos     cos 2    4 cos 3   3cos  
 4  4
1
 cos 3
4
iii) tan  tan  60    tan  60   
sin  sin  60    sin  60   


cos  cos  60     cos  60    
1
sin 3
 4  tan 3
1
cos 3
4
iv) Put   6 , 18 in (i), we get
1 1
sin 6 sin54 sin 66  sin36  sin18 … (a)
4 4
 1
sin18 sin 42 sin78  sin 3  18  sin54 … (b)
4 4
1
(a)  (b)  sin 6 sin18 sin 42 sin54 sin66 sin78  sin18 sin54
16
1
 sin6 sin 42 sin66 sin78 
16
1
or cos 84 cos 48 cos 24 cos12 
16
v) Put   6 , 18 in (iii), we get
tan 6 tan54 tan 66  tan18 … (a)

tan18 tan 42 tan 78  tan54 … (b)
(a)  (b)  tan6 tan 42 tan66 tan78  1
vi) Put x  20 in (i), we get
1 3
sin 20o sin 40  sin 80   sin 60 
4 8
3
sin 20 sin 40 sin 60 sin80 
16
vii) Put x  10 in (ii), we get
3
cos10 cos 30 cos 50 cos 70 
16
12. Show that

1
i) sin  sin  60    sin 120     sin3
4
1
ii) cos  cos  60    sin 120      cos 3
4
1
iii) sin  sin  240    sin 120      sin3
4
1
iv) cos  cos  240    cos 120     cos 3
4
Sol: i) 
LHS  sin  sin  60    sin 180   60    
1
 sin  sin  60    sin  60     sin 3
4
ii) LHS  cos  cos  60    cos 120   

 cos  cos  60    cos 180   60    
  cos  cos  60    cos  60   
1
 cos 3
4
iii) 
LHS  sin  sin 180  60    sin 180   60    
  sin  sin  60o    sin  60   
1
  sin3
4
iv) 
LHS  cos  cos 180  60    x cos 180   60    
1
 cos  cos  60    cos  60     cos 3
4
13. Show that

3
i) sin3   sin3  60     sin3  240      sin3
4
3
ii) cos 3   cos 3 120     cos3  240     cos 3
4
Hence, find the values of the following
iii) sin3 10  sin3 50  sin3 70
iv) cos 3 20  cos 3 40  cos 3 80 
sin3 6  sin3 54  sin3 66
v)
cos 3 12  cos3 48  cos 3 72
Sol: i) Let a  sin , b  sin  60    , c  sin  240    then c   sin  60   
Now, a  b  c  sin   sin  60     sin  60   
 sin   2cos 60 sin   0

 a  b  c  0  a 3  b3  c 3  3abc
3
 sin3   sin3  60      sin  60       sin 3
4
ii) Let a  cos , b  cos 120     , c  cos  240     then

b  cos 180   60      cos  60    
c  cos 180  60      cos  60   
a  b  c  cos   cos  60     cos  60     cos   2cos 60 cos   0
 a 3  b3  c3  3abc
 cos 3   cos 3 120     cos 3  240   
 3 cos  cos 120    cos  240   
 3 cos  cos  60    cos  60   
3
 cos 3
4
3 3
iii) Put   10 in (i), we get sin3 10  sin3 50  sin3 250   sin 30  
4 8
3
or sin3 10  sin3 50  sin3 70  
8
3 3
iv) Put   20 in (ii) we get cos 3 20  cos 3 140  cos3 260  cos 60 
4 8
3
cos 3 20  cos 3 40  cos 3 80 
8
3
 sin18
sin3 6  sin3 54  sin3 66
v)  8
cos 3 12  cos 3 48  cos3 72 3
cos 36
8
2
 5 1 
 5  1   
   5  1  2 5 
       
 5  1 4  4 
 
3 5  5 9
    
 2  2
14. Prove that

i) tan x  tan  60  x   tan  60  x   3 tan 3x
ii) cot x  cot  60  x   cot  60  x   3 cot 3x
Hence, find the values of the following

2
iii)  tan10 
 tan70  tan50 
iv) cot10  cot 70  cot 50
Sol: i) First, tan  60  x   tan  60  x 
3  tan x 3  tan x
 
1  3 tan x 1  3 tan x

 3  3 tan x  tan x  3 tan2 x  3  3 tan x  tan x  3 tan2 x 
2
1  3 tan x
8 tan x

1  3 tan2 x
8 tan x
Therefore, LHS  tan x 
1  3 tan2 x
tan x  3 tan3 x  8 tan x


1  3 tan2 x
 3 tan x  tan3 x 
 3 2   3 tan3x  RHS
 1  tan x 
ii) Replace x by 30  x in (i), we get
tan  30  x   tan  90  x   tan  30  x   3 tan  90  3x 
   
 cot 90   30  x   cot x  cot 90   30  x   3cot 3x
 cot  60  x   cot x  cot  60  x   3 cot 3x
iii) Put x  10 in (i), we get tan10  tan 70  tan50  3 tan 30
2
  tan10  tan70  tan50   3
iv) Put x  10 in (iii), we get cot10  cot 70  cot 50  3cot 30  3 3
i) tan x  tan  60 x   tan 120  x   3 tan 3x
ii) cot x  cot  60 x   cot 120   x   3 cot 3x
15. If x  y  z  xyz , prove that:
2x 2y 2z 8xyz
i)   
1 x 2
1 y 2
1 z 2
  
1  x 1  y2 1  z2
2

2x 2y 2z 8xyz
ii)   
1  x2 1  y2 1  z2  
1  x 1  y2 1  z2
2
 
Sol: Let tan x  tan A, y  tan B and z  tanC. Then, x  y  z  xyz

 tan A  tan B  tan C  tan A tan B tan C
 tan A  tan B  tan C  tan A tan B tan C  0
tan A  tan B  tan C  tan A tan B tan C

 0
1  tan A tan B  tan B tan C  tan C tan A
 tan  A  B  C   0
 A  B  C  n, n  Z
Now,
i) A  B  C  n
 2A  2B  2C  2n
 tan  2A  2B  2C   tan 2n
tan 2A  tan 2B  tan 2C  tan 2A tan 2B tan 2C

 0
1  tan 2A tan 2B  tan 2B tan 2C  tan 2C tan 2A
 tan2A  tan2B  tan2C  tan2A tan2Btan2C  0
 tan2A  tan2B  tan2C  tan2A tan2Btan2C
2 tan A 2 tan B 2 tan C

  
1  tan A 1  tan B 1  tan2 C
2 2
2 tan A 2 tan B 2 tan

 . .
1  tan A 1  tan B 1  tan2 C
2 2
2x 2y 2z 2x 2y 2z
 2
 2
 2
 . .
1 x 1 y 1 z 1  x 1  y 1  z2
2 2
8xyz

1  x 1  y 1  z 
2 2 2
ii) A  B  C  n
 3A  3B  3C  3n
 tan  3A  3B  3C   tan 3n
tan 3A  tan 2B  tan 3C  tan 3A tan 3B tan 3C

 0
1  tan 3A tan 3B  tan 3B tan 3C  tan 3C tan 3A
 tan3A  tan3B  tan3C  tan3A tan3Btan3C
3 tan A  tan3 A 3 tan B  tan3 B 3 tan C  tan3 C

  
1  3 tan2 A 1  3 tan2 B 1  3 tan2 C
3 tan A  tan3 A 3 tan B  tan3 B 3 tan C  tan3 A

 . .
1  3 tan3 A 1  3 tan2 B 1  3 tan3 C
3x  x 3 3y  y 3 3z  z 3 3x  x 3 3y  y 3 3z  z 3
    . .
1  3x 2 1  3y 2 1  3z 2 1  3x 2 1  3y 2 1  3z 2
16. Find the values of the following

i) 3 tan6 10  27 tan4 10  33 tan2 10
ii) tan6 10  27 tan4 20  27 tan2 20 
  
iii) tan3  3 tan2  3 tan
12 12 12
1     
iv) tan tan 2  tan 2 tan 3  tan 1 tan 3
3 3 3 3 3 3
1    3 
where tan , tan 2 , tan 3 are the solutions of tan   ,    , 3 
3 3 3  2 
1 
v)  tan tan 2
4 4
1   
where tan , tan 2 , tan 3 , tan 4 are the solutions of tan   ,    2, 4 
4 4 4 4
3 tan x  tan3 x
Sol: i) tan 3x  … (i)
1  3 tan2 x
Put x  10 , then
tan 30 1  3 tan2 10   3 tan10  tan3 10 squaring both sides, we get
1 2 2
3
1  3 tan2 10    3 tan10  tan3 10 
 1  9 tan4 10  6 tan2 10
 3  9 tan2 10  tan6 10  6 tan4 10 
 3 tan6 10  27 tan4 10  33 tan2 10  1

 tan is the one of solutions of 3x 6  27x 4  33x 2  1  0
18
ii) Put x  20 in (i), we get
tan 60 1  3 tan2 20   3 tan 20  tan3 20  squaring both sides, we get
3 1  9 tan4 20  6 tan2 20 
 9 tan2 20  6 tan4 20  tan6 20

 tan6 20  33 tan4 20  27 tan2 20  3

 tan is the one of solutions of x 6  33x 4  27x 2  3  0
9
3 tan x  tan3 x
iii) We have tan 3x 
1  3 tan2 x

Put x  in the above formula, we get
12
  
1  3 tan2  3 tan  tan3
12 12 12
  
 tan3  tan2  3 tan 1
12 12 12
iv) Given that tan   
 
3 tan  tan3
 3 3 
2 
1  3 tan
3
  
 3 tan  tan3    3 tan2
3 3 3
  
 tan3  3 tan2  3 tan    0
3 3 3
1  
Roots of this equation are tan , tan 2 , tan 3
3 3 3
1     
Now tan  tan 2  tan 3 tan 3  tan 1 tan 3  3
3 3 3 3 3 3
iv) Given that tan   
 
4 tan  4 tan2
 4 4 
 
1   tan2  tan4
4 4
    1 
  tan4  4 tan3  6 tan2  4 tan    0  tan tan 2  6
4 4 4 4 4 4
n
17. Suppose that sin3 x sin 3x  c m cos mx is an identity in x, where c 0 , c1 , c 2 ,...c n are
m 0
constants and c n  0 . Find the value of n.

Sol: [Express LHS in multiples of x and compare with RHS]
n
Given sin3 x sin 3x  c m cos mx
m 0
n
 3sin x  sin 3x 
 
 4
  sin 3x 

c
m0
m cos mx
n
3 1
   2sin3x  sin x    2sin2 3x   c m cos mx
8 8 m 0
n
3 1
 cos 2x  cos 4x   1  cos 6x    c m cos mx
8 8 m 0
n
1 3 3 1
   cos 2x  cos 4x  cos 6x   c m cos mx
8 8 8 8 m 0
Comparing, we get n  6 .
[ Highest multiple of angle in LHS is 6x and on RHS., it is nx]
1 3 3 1
c0  , c1  0 , c 2  , c 3  0 , c 4  , c 5  0 , c6 
8 8 8 8
18. Show that
 3 5 1
i) cos  cos  cos 
7 7 7 2
 3 3 5  5 1
ii) cos cos  cos cos  cos cos 
7 7 7 7 7 7 2
 3 5 1
iii) cos cos cos 
7 7 7 8
 3 5
Hence, deduce that cos , cos , cos are the roots of the equation
7 7 7
8x 3  4x 2  4x  1  0
  3  1 2  3  2
cos     sin
Sol: i) LHS  7 2 7  27
2
sin
27
3 3 6
cos sin sin
7 7  1 7 1

 2 sin  2
sin
7 7
 3 3 5  5
ii) 2LHS  2cos cos  2cos cos  2cos cos
7 7 7 7 7 7
4 2 8 2 6 4
 cos  cos  cos  cos  cos  cos
7 7 7 7 6 7
 2 4 6 
 2 cos  cos  cos 
 7 7 7
  5   2    
 2 cos      cos      cos     
  7   7   7 
 5 3  1
 2 cos  cos  cos   2   1
 7 7 7 2
1
 LHS  
2
 3 5  2 4
ii) cos  cos cos   cos cos cos
7 7 7 7 7 7

sin 23
 7  1
 8
23  sin
7
 3 5
Thus, the equation whose roots cos , cos , cos is
7 7 7
x 3  x 2 (sum of roots)  x (sum of products taken two at a time)–Product of roots = 0
1  1 1
 x3  x2    x      0
 2  2 8
 8x 3  4x 2  4x  1  0
 3 5 
19. Show that the following for the angles , ,
7 7 7
  3
i)  sec 4 ii)  sec sec  4
7 7 7
 3 5 
iii) sec sec sec  8 iv)  sec 2  24
7 7 7 7
 3  3 5
v)  sec2 sec 2  80 vi) sec 2 sec 2 sec 2  64
7 7 7 7 7
  3
vii)  tan2  21 viii)  tan2 tan2  35
7 7 7
 3 5
ix) tan2 tan2 tan2 7
7 7 7
 3 5
Sol: We have shown that cos , cos , cos are the roots of the equation
7 7 7
8x 3  4x 2  4x  1  0 … (i)
1 1
Let y  i.e., x  put in (i)
x y
8 4 4
We get 3
 2  1  0
y y y
 y 3  4y 2  4y  8  0 … (ii)
The roots of equation (ii) are
 3 5 1 
sec , sec , sec ( y  where x  cos etc.,)
7 7 7 x 7

i)  sec 4
7
 3
ii)  sec sec  4
7 7
 3 5
iii) sec sec sec  8
7 7 7
1 1
Now let y  2
i.e., x  put in (i)
x y
8 4 4
We get   1  0
y y y y
 8  4 y  4y  y y  0
  8  4y   y 4  y 
2 2
Squaring both sides, we get  8  4y   y  4  y 
 64  64y  16y 2  16y  8y 2  y 3
 y 3  24y 2  80y  64  0 … (iii)
 3 5
The roots of equation (iii) are sec 2 , sec 2 , sec 2
7 7 7

Therefore, i)  sec 2  24
7
 3
ii)  sec2 sec 2  80
7 7
 3 5
iii) sec 2 sec 2 sec 2  64
7 7 7
Now, Let z  y  1 i.e., y  1  z substituting in (3) we get
3 2
1  z   24 1  z   80 1  z   64  0
 z 3  21z 2  35z  7  0 … (iv)

 3 5
The roots of equation (iv) are tan2 , tan2 , tan
7 7 7
Therefore

i)  tan2  21
7
 3
ii)  tan2 tan2  35
7 7
 3 5
iii) tan2 tan2 tan2 7
7 7 7
 3 5
now tan2 tan2 tan2 7
7 7 7
 3 5  5 
 tan tan tan  7  tan  0
7 7 7  7 
 3 5  3 5
 tan tan tan   7 cos cos cos
7 7 7 7 7 7
 1 7
  7   
 8  8
or
   4   2  7
 sin     sin     sin    
 7  7   7  8
2 4 8 7
 sin sin sin 
7 7 7 8
20. Show that

2 4 4 8 2 8
i) sin sin  sin sin  sin sin 0
7 7 7 7 7 7
2 4 8 7
ii) sin2  sin2  sin2 
7 7 7 4
2 4 8 7
iii) sin  sin  sin 
7 7 7 2
2 4 8 7
iv) sin sin sin 
7 7 7 8
 2 3
v) cos ec 2  cos ec 2  cos ec 2 8
7 7 7
2 4 4 8 2 8
Sol: i) 2. LHS = 2sin sin  2sin sin  2sin sin
7 7 7 7 7 7
2 6 4 12 6 10
 cos  cos  cos  cos  cos  cos
7 7 7 7 7 7
2 4  2   4 
 cos  cos  cos  2    cos  2  
7 7  7   7 
2 4 2 4
 cos  cos  cos  cos 0
7 7 7 7
 LHS  0  RHS
1 2 4 8 
ii) LHS   2sin2  2sin2  2sin2
2 7 7 7 
1 4 8 16 
 1  cos  1  cos  1  cos
2 7 7 7 
1  3     5  
  3  cos      cos      cos  3  
2  7   7  7  
1  3 5 
 3  cos  cos  cos 
2 7 7 7
1 1 7
  3  
2 2 4
2 4 8
iii) Let x  sin  sin  sin
7 7 7
2 4 8 2 4
x 2  sin2  sin2  sin2  2 sin sin
7 7 7 7 7
7 7
x2   x 
4 2
2 4 8 7
iv) From previous example sin sin sin 
7 7 7 8
2 4 8
Therefore sin , sin , sin are the roots of the equation
7 7 7
7 7
x3  x2  x 0  0
2 8
 8x 3  4 7x 2  7  0 … (i)
1
Replace x by in (i), we get
x
8 4 7
  7  0  8  4 7 x  7x x  0
x x x
 8  7x  4  x   64  7x 16  x 2  8x 
 7x 3  56x 2  112x  64  0
 3 5
Roots are cos ec 2 , cos ec2 , cos ec 2
7 7 7
  56 
  cos ec 2   8
7  7 
21. If A, B, C are the angles of a triangle, then prove that

A B C A B C
sin2  sin2  sin2  1  2sin sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
hence prove the following
A B C 1 A B C 3
i) sin sin sin  ii) sin2  sin2  sin2 
2 2 2 8 2 2 2 4
A B C 9 3
iii) cos 2  cos 2  cos 2  iv) 1  cos A  cos B  cos B 
2 2 2 4 2
1 A B C 3 3
v) cos A cos B cos C  vi) cos cos cos 
8 2 2 2 8
9 3
vii) sin2 A  sin2 B  sin2 C  viii) cos 2 A  cos 2 B  cos 2 C 
4 4
3 3 3
ix) sin A sin B sin C  x) cos 2A  cos 2B  cos 2C  
8 2
3 3 3 3
xi) sin 2A  sin 2B  sin 2C  xii) sin A  sin B  sin C 
2 2
A B C A B C
xiii) cos ec  cos ec  cos ec  6 xiv) sec 2  sec 2  sec 2  12
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C
xv) cos ecA  cos ecB  cos ecC  2 3 xvi) cot cot cot  3 3
2 2 2
A B C B
xvii) tan , tan , tan are in H.P., then find the minimum value of cot
2 2 2 2

xviii) B  and sin A sin C   . Find the set of all possible values of  .
3
A B C
xix) tan2  tan2  tan2  1
2 2 2
xx) tan A tan B tan C  3 3
A B BC CA

cos   cos   cos  
xxi)  2   2   2  6
A B BC C A
cos   cos   cos  
 2   2   2 
A B C 
Sol: ABC     
2 2 2 2
A B C
Now, sin2  sin2  sin2
2 2 2
A B C
 1  cos 2  sin2  sin2
2 2 2
 A B C
 1   cos 2  sin2   sin2
 2 2 2
 A B A B 2 C
 1  cos   cos    sin
 2   2  2
C A B A  B
 1  sin  cos  cos
2 2 2 
A B C
 1  2sin sin sin
2 2 2
A B C
i) Let x  sin sin sin
2 2 2
A
then  sin2  1  2x
2
Now, by AM  GM inequality
A B C
sin2  sin2  sin2
2 2 2  3 sin2 A sin2 B sin2 C
3 2 2 2
2
3
 1  2x  3  x  3  1  2x   27x 2
 1  6x  12x 2  8x 3  27x 2
 8x 3  15x 2  6x  1  0
2 1
  x  1  8x  1  0  8x  1  0  x 
8
A B C 1
Therefore, sin sin sin   triangle is equilateral for x to be maximum.
2 2 2 8
A B C 1
ii) from (i)  sin sin sin  
2 2 2 8
A B C 3
 1  2sin sin sin 
2 2 2 4
A B C 3
 sin2  sin2  sin2 
2 2 2 4
A  C 3
iii) from (ii), 1  cos2  1  cos 2  1  cos 2 
2 2 2 4
A B C 9
 cos2  cos 2  cos 2 
2 2 2 4
1  cos A 1  cos B 1  cos C 9
iv) from (iii),   
2 2 2 4
3
 cos A  cos B  cos B 
2
A B C
 cos A  cos B  cos C  4sin sin sin  1
2 2 2
A B C
And, 4sin sin sin  0
2 2 2
 cos A  cos B  cos C  1
3
Hence, 1  cos A  cos B  cos C  .
2
v) By AM  GM inequality
cos A  cos B  cos C 1
3 cos A cos Bcos C  
3 2
(Assume A, B, C are all acute)
1
 cos A cos Bcos C 
8
It is also true, if triangle obtuse
A B C
cos2  cos 2  cos2
A B C 2 2 2 3
vi) now 3 cos 2  cos 2 cos 2 
2 2 2 3 4
A B C 3 3
 cos cos cos 
2 2 2 8
1
vii) now, sin2 A  sin2 B  sin2 C  2  2cos A cos B cos C  2 
4
9
viii) From (vii)  1  cos 2 A  1  cos 2 B  1  cos 2 C 
4
3
 cos2 A  cos 2 B  cos 2 C 
4
sin2 A  sin2 B  sin2 C 3

ix) Again 3
sin2 A sin2 B sin2 C  
3 4
3 3
 sin A sin B sin C 
8
3
x) we have cos 2 A  cos 2 B  cos 2 C 
4
3
 2cos 2 A  2cos 2 B  2cos 2 C 
2
3
 1  cos 2A  1  cos 2B  1  cos 2C  
2
3
 cos 2A  cos 2B  cos 2C  
2
xi) sin 2A  cos 2B  sin 2C  4sin A sin B sin C
3 3
since sin A sin B sin C 
8
3 3
 sin 2A  sin 2B  sin 2C 
2
2 2 2
xii) we have  sin A  sinB    sin A  sinC    sinB  sinC   0
 sin2 A  sin2 B  sin2 C  sin A sin B sin C  sin A sin C

2
 3  sin2 A  sin2 B  sin2 C    sin A  sin B  sin C 
2 9
  sin A  sinB  sinC   3 
4
A B C 3
xiii) using G.M  H.M , we have 3 sin sin sin 
2 2 2 cos ec A  cos ec B  cos ec C
2 2 2
A B C 3 3
cos ec  cos ec  cos ec   6
2 2 2 A B C 1
3 sin sin sin 3
2 2 2 8
A B C
cos ec  cos ec  cos ec  6
2 2 2
A B C
cos2  cos 2  cos 2
2 2 2  3
xiv)
3 A B C
sec 2  sec 2  sec 2
2 2 2
A B C 9 9
 sec2  sec 2  sec 2    12
2 2 2 cos 2 A  cos 2 B  cos 2 C 3
2 2 2 4
A B C
 sec2  sec2  sec 2  12
2 2 2
3
xv) 3 cos A cos B cos C 
sec A  sec B  sec C
3
sec A  sec B  sec C  6
3 cos A cos B cos C
sec A  sec B  sec C  6
3
3 sin A sin B sinC 
cos ecA  cos ecB  cos ecC
3
cos ecA  cos ecB  cos ecC  2 3
3 sin A sin B sin C
cos ecA  cos ecB  cos ecC  2 3
A B B C C A
xvi) In ABC , we have tan tan  tan tan  tan tan  1
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C A B C
 cot  cot  cot  cot cot cot
2 2 2 2 2 2
Now, A.M.  G.M.
 A B C 1
 cot 2  cot 2  cot 2   A B C 3
    cot cot cot 
 3   2 2 2
 
 A B C 1
 cot 2 cot 2 cot 2   A B C 3
    cot cot cot 
 3   2 2 2
 
2
 A B C 3
  cot cot cot   3
 2 2 2
A B C
 cot cot cot  3 3
2 2 2
xvii) In ABC , we have
A B C A B C
cot  cot  cot  cot cot cot … (i)
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C
It is given that tan , tan ,tan are in H.P.
2 2 2
A B C
 cot , cot cot are in A.P.
2 2 2
B A C
 2cot  cot  cot … (ii)
2 2 2
A B C B
From (i) and (ii), we have cot cot cot  3cot
2 2 2 2
A C
 cot cot  3
2 2
Now, A.M.  G.M.
A C
cot  cot
 2 2  cot A cot C
2 2 2
B
2cot
 2  3  cot B  3
2 2

xviii) We have, B 
3
 ABC  
2 2
 AC  C A
3 3
Now, sin A sin C  
 2 
 sin A sin   A  
 3 
 3 1 
 sin A  cos A  sin A   
 2 2 
3 1
 sin 2A  sin2 A  
4 2
3 1
 sin 2A  1  cos 2A   
4 4
3 1 1
 sin 2A  cos 2A   
4 4 4
Now,
3 1 3 1 3 1
   sin2A  cos 2A  
16 16 4 4 16 16
1 3 1 1
   sin 2A  cos 2A 
2 4 4 2
1 1 1
   
2 4 2
1 3
  
4 4
 1 3 
  , 
 4 4
A B C C A
xix) We know that in a ABC , we have tan  tan  tan  tan tan  1
2 2 2 2 2
 xy  yz  zx  1 ,
A B C
Where x  tan , y  tan and z  tan
2 2 2
Now,
x2  y2  z2  1
 x 2  y 2  z 2   xy  yz  zx 
1
 2x 2  2y 2  2z 2  2xy  2yz  2zx 
2
1 2 2 2
  x  y  y  z  z  x   0
2 
 x2  y2  z2  1
A B C
 tan2  tan2  tan2  1
2 2 2
xx) In ABC , we have
tan A  tan B  tan C  tan A tan B tan C … (i)
But, A.M.  G.M.
1
tan A  tanB  tanC
   tan A tan B tanC  3
3
1
 tan A tan B tanC 
     tan A tan B tanC  3 [Using (i)]
 3 
2
 tan A tanB tanC  3
   1
 3 
3
 tan A tan B tan C  3 2
 tan A tan B tan C  3 3
A B  A B  A B

cos   cos   sin  
xxi)  2   2   2   sin A  sin B
A B  A B A B sin  A  B 
cos   co   sin  
 2   2   2 
sin A  sinB

sinC
sin A sinB
 
sinC sinC
Similarly
BC
cos  
 2   sin B  sin C
 B  C  sin A sin A
cos  
 2 
CA
cos  
and  2   sin C  sin A
 C  A  sin B sin B
cos  
 2 
 A B BC C A

cos   cos   cos  
  2   2   2 
 A B BC CA
cos   cos   cos  
 2   2   2 
 sin A sin B   sin B sin C   sin C sin A 

      
 sin C sin C   sin A sin A   sin B sin B 
By applying A.M.  G.M. we get RHS  6
22. Find the sum of n terms of the following Trigonometrical series

1 1 1
i)    ..... to n terms
sin  sin 2 sin 2 sin 3 sin 3 sin 4
ii) tan  sec 2  tan2 sec 4  tan4  tan4 sec 8  .... to n terms.
iii) tan x tan2x  tan2x tan3x  ...  tannx tan  n  1 x
1 1 1 1
iv)    ... 
cos   cos 3 cos   cos 5 cos   cos 7 cos   cos  2n  1 
 2  4 4  3n
v) cos 4   cos 4      cos      ... to n terms 
 n   n  8
 2  2 4  2 
vi) sin2   sin2      sin      ...  sin    2  n  1 
 n   n   n 
1 1 1 1
Sol: i)    ..... 
sin  sin 2 sin 2 sin 3 sin 3 sin 4 sin n sin  n  1 
1  sin  sin  sin  

    ...  
sin   sin  sin 2 sin 2 sin 3 sin n sin  n  1  
1  sin  2    sin  3  2  sin  n  1   n 

    ...  
sin   sin  sin 2 sin 2 sin 3 sin  n  1 sin n 
1  sin 2 cos   cos 2 sin  sin 3 cos 2  cos 3 sin 2

 
sin   sin  sin 2 sin 2 sin 3
sin  n  1  cos n  cos  n  1  sin n 

...  
sin  n  1  sin n 
1 

sin  
 cot   cot 2    cot 2  cot 3   ...  cot n  cot  n  1  
1
= cot   cot  n  1  
sin  
ii) tan  sec 2  tan 2 sec 4  tan 4  tan 4 sec 8  ....  tan 2n 1  sec 2n 
sin  sin 2 sin 4 sin 2n1 
    .... 
cos  cos 2 cos 2 cos 4 cos 4 cos 8 cos 2n 1  cos 2n 

sin  2   

sin  4  2 

sin  8  4 
 .... 

sin 2n   2n 1  
n 1 n
cos  cos 2 cos 2 cos 4 cos 4 cos 8 cos 2  cos 2 

  tan 2  tan     tan 4  tan 2    tan 8  tan 4   .....  tan 2n   tan 2n 1  
 tan 2n   tan 
tan A  tan B
iii) tan  A  B  
1  tan A tan B
tan A  tan B
 tan A tan B  1
tan  A  B 
 tan x tan 2x  tan 2x tan 3x  ....  tan nx tan  n  1 x
 tan 2x  tan x   tan 3x  tan 2x   tan  n  1 x  tan nx 

  1    1  ...    1
 tan  2x  x    tan  3x  2x    tan  n  e1 x  nx 
 tan 2x  tan x   tan 3x  tan 2x   tan  n  1 x  tan nx 

  1    1  ...    1
 tan x   tan x   tan x 
1

tan x
 tan 2x  tan x    tan 3x  tan 2x   ...   tan  n  1 x  tan nx   n
tan  n  1 x  tan x
 n
tan x
tan  n  1 x
   n  1
tan x
1 1 1 1
iv)    ... 
cos   cos 3 cos   cos 5 cos   cos 7 cos   cos  2n  1 
n
1

r 1 cos   cos  2r  1 
n
1

r 1 2sin  r  1  sin r
1 
n sin  r  1   r

 
2sin r 1 sin  r  1  sin r
1    
n sin r  1  cos r  cos r  1  sin r
 
2sin r 1 sin  r  1  sin r
n
1
  cot r  cot  r  1 
2sin r 1
1
  cot   cot 2    cot 2  cot 3    cot 3  cot 4   ...   cot n  cot  n  1   
2sin   
1 cot   cot  n  1 
 cot   cot  n  1   
2sin  2sin 
2
v) 
cos 4   cos 2  
2
 1  cos 2 
 
 2 
1

4

1  2 cos 2  cos 2 2 
1 1  cos 4 
 1  2cos   
4 2 
1
 3  4 cos 2  cos 4
8
    4   2 
 cos 4   cos 4          ....  cos 4     n  1
 n   n   n 
n
 2 
  cos 4    r  1 
r 1  n
n
1  4   8 
  3  4 cos 2   r  1   cos 4   r  1 
r 1 8   n  n  
n
3 1 n  4  1 n  8  1
   cos 2   r  1    cos 4   r  1 
r 1 8 2 r 1  n  8 r 1  n  4
3n 1   4   8  
  cos 2  cos  2    cos  2    ...to terms 
8 2  n   n  
1 8  16  
  cos 4   cos  4    ...to n terms 
8 n  n  
  2     4  
 cos 2   n  1  sin 2   cos 4   n  1  sin 4 
3n 1  n 1  n
      
8 2 2   8  4  
sin sin
 n   n 
   
3n

8
1  cos 2
vi) sin2  
2
 2   4   
sin2   sin2      sin2      ......  sin2    2  n  1 
 n   n   n
n
 
  sin2   2  r  1 
r 1  n
1 n    
  sin2 1  cos  2  4  r  1 4  
2 r 1  
1 n 1 n  
  1   cos 2  4  r  1 
2 r 1 2 r 1  n
n 1  4   8    
  cos 2  cos  2    cos  2    ....  cos  2  4  n  1  
2 2  n   n   n 
   
 cos 2  2  n  1  sin 2 
n 1  n
   
2 2 2 
sin
 n 
 
n
 0
2
n

2
23. Prove the following

89
1
i)   
 cos ec1 cot1
r 1 sin r sin  r  1
88

ii) cot2 1   tan r  tan  r  1  89
r 1
n
  
iii)  tan 2
K 1
K
sec
2 K 1
 tan   tan
2n

 
iv)  tan 2
K 1
K
sec K 1
2
 tan 
   1 
v) sin3  3sin3 2  32 sin3 3  ...upto n terms  3n sin n  sin  
3 3 3 4 3 
Sol: do yourself
24. Find the average of n sin n if n  2, 4, 6, 8,...180

S
Sol: A
90
S  2sin 2  4sin 4  6sin 6  ...  176sin176  178 sin178  180 sin180
S  178 sin178  176sin176  ...  2sin 20
2S  180 sin2  sin4  sin6  ...  sin178 
  2, p  2 n  89
sin 89  2  178  S

2S  180 sin    cot1  A
sin1  2  90
25. Find the roots of the following cubic equation

2x3  3x2 cos  A  B  2x cos2  A  B  sin2A . sin2B  cos  A  B  0 .
1
Sol: sin2A  sin2B  cos  2A  2B  cos  2A  2B
2
1
 2cos2  A  B  1  2cos2  A  B  1
2
 cos2  A  B  cos2  A  B
 sin2A  sin2B  cos2  A  B  cos2  A  B … (i)
Now, 2x3  3x2 cos  A  B  2x cos2  A  B  sin2A  sin2B  cos  A  B  0
 2x3  3x 2 cos  A  B  2x cos2  A  B  cos3  A  B  cos2  A  B  cos  A  B  0
1
By inspection, x   cos  A  B because
2
 1 3  3 2 2
    1 cos  A  B   cos  A  B   cos  A  B   cos  A  B   cos  A  B   0
 4 4 
Hence, 2x  cos  A  B is factor of the given equation which when divided by it gives the
other factor as,

x2  2x cos  A  B  cos2  A  B  cos2  A  B  0
2cos  A  B   4 cos 2  A  B   4 cos 2  A  B   4 cos 2  A  B 

So, x 
2
2cos  A  B   2cos  A  B 
x
2
x  cos  A  B  cos  A  B or cos  A  B  cos  A  B .
1
Hence, the roots are, 2cos A cos B, 2sin A sin B and  cos  A  B .
2

26. i) If A  0, B  0, A  B  and y  tan A, tan B then find the range of y.
3
ii) Find the minimum vertical distance between the graphs of y  2  sin x and y  cos x
iii) Find the minimum value of the function
f  x    3sin x  4cos x  10  3sin x  4cos x  10
iv) Find the range of cos2  cos   sin2  sin 
v) If the minimum value of sin x  cos x  tan x  cot x sec x  cos ecx , x  R is m n
then find m  n  m, n  Z 
   3  tan A 
Sol: i) y  tan A  tan   A   tan A  
3   3  tan A 
 tan 2 A  3  y  1  tan A  y  0
As tan A is real,
2
D  0  3  y  1  4y  0
1
 3y   10y  3  0  y  or y  3
3
But each of tanA, tanB is less than 3

1
 y  3 is not possible . so y  . Also, tan A tan B  0 .
3
ii) d min  min  2  sin x  cos x   2  2
iii) f  x   9sin2 x  16cos2 x  10  3sin x  4cos x   10  3sin  25sin2 x  60 sinx  84

2
  5sin x  6  48
 f  x min occurs when sin x  1
iv) f     f    , f is even function
f       f    , f is periodic of period  .
 
As  increases in  0,  , sin  increases and cos  decreases.
 2

 f    increases in  0, 
 2
 Least value  f  0  cos2 1


 Greatest value  f    1  sin2 1
2
2 2
Range  cos 1, 1  sin 1 .
v) Playing a little bit with the expression one discovers that if we set
t2  1 1 t
t  sin x  cos x,  sin x cos x , then given expression  t  2  2
2 t 1 t 1
2 2
2 2t
 t 2
 2
t 1 t 1
2 2
y  t  t 1  1
t 1 t 1
2
If 1  t  2 , then y  t  1  1  2 2 1
t 1
2
If  2  t  1, then y  1  1  t   2 2 1
1 t
 y min  2 2  1  8  1
 mn7
sec 2   tan  1
27. Show that lies between and 3 for all values of  .
sec 2   tan  3
sec2   tan  1  tan2   tan 
Sol: Let y  . Then, y 
sec 2   tan  1  tan2   tan 
  y  1 tan2    y  1 tan    y  1  0
Since tan  assume real values of varying  . Therefore,

2 2
  y  1  4  y  1  0
  y  1  2  y  1  y  1  2  y  1  0
  3y  1  y  3   0
  3y  1 y  3   0
1
 y3
3
1 sec 2   tan 
Hence,   3 for all   R
3 sec 2   tan 
28. Find the maximum and minimum values of a 2 cos 2 x  b2 sin2 x  a 2 sin2 x  b2 cos 2 x
Sol: Let y  a 2 cos2 x  b2 sin2 x  a 2 sin2 x  b2 cos2 x
 
 a 2 b2  a 2 sin2 x  b2  a 2  b2 sin2 x  
 
 y 2  a 2  b2  a 2 sin2 x  b2  a 2  b2 sin2 x  

2 a 2b2  a 4  a 2 b2  b4  a 2b2 sin2 x  a 2  b2 sin4 x   
2
 y 2  a 2  b2  2 a 2 b2  a 2  b2   sin2 x cos2 x
2
2 2  a 2  b2 
2 2 2 2
y  a b 2 a b   sin 2x
 2 
Now,
0  sin2 2x  1 for all x
2
2 2  a 2  b2 
2 2 2 2 2
 a  b  2 ab  y  a  b  2 a b   
 2 
2
  a  b   y 2  2 a 2  b2  
 a  b  y  2 a 2  b2  
Hence, a  b  a 2 cos 2 x  b2 sin2 x  a 2 sin2 x  b2 cos 2 x  2  a 2  b2 
29. Show that for varying  and fixed , the expression cos  sin   sin2   sin2   
always lies between - 1  sin2  and 1  sin2  .
Sol: 
Let y  cos  sin   sin2   sin2  . Then, 
y  sin  cos   cos  sin2   sin2 
2
  y  sin  cos    cos 2  sin2   sin2   
 y 2  2y sin  cos   cos2  sin2 
 y 2  2y sin  cos   cos2   cos2  sin2 
 y 2 sec2   2y tan   1  1  sin2 
[Dividing throughout by cos 2  ]

 y 2 tan2   2y tan   1  1  sin2   y 2 
2

  y tan   1  1  sin2   y 2 
 
 1  sin2   y 2  0   y tan   12  0 
 
2
 y2   1  sin   2
0
Hence,
 
 1  sin2   cos  sin   sin2   sin2   1  sin2  For all  .
30. Find the range of the following functions.

1 1
i) sin x  cos x ii) iii)
3sin x  4cos x  cos 2 x 3sin x  sin x cos x  cos 2 x
2
Sol: i) Here a  1, b  1 and c  0 .
Therefore  2  sin x  cos x  2
ii) f  x   3sin x  4 cos x  2
Here a  4, b  3, c  2
Range of f  x   c  a 2  b2 , c  a 2  b2 
 
 2,  5, 2  5   3, 7 
1 1 1 1
 , 
f x 3 f x 7
 1  1 
 Range   ,     ,  
 3 7 
1
iii) f x 
3sin x  sin x cos x  cos 2 x
2
2

6sin x  2sin x cos x  2cos 2 x
2
2

3 1  cos 2x   sin 2x  1  cos 2x
2

4  sin2x  2cos 2x
Range of 4  sin2x  2cos 2x  4  5,4  5  , it does not contain zero
2  2 2 
  ,
4  sin 2x  2cos 2x  4  5 4  5 
 2 2 
 Range   , 
4  5 4  5 
31. Prove the following


i) If 0     then cot  1  cot 
2
2
ii) If tan   ntan   n  0  then tan     

2

 n  1
4n
1
1
iii) 2sin x  2cos x  2 2
for all real values of x.
2
   
2 tan cot 2cot cot 2  1
2 1 2 2 2
Sol: i) tan   or,   or, cot  
2  cot  1  1 cot 2 
1

1  tan 2cot
2  2 2
cot 2
2

cot 2  1
  2
Now, cot  1cot   cot  1 
2 2 
2cot
2
  
2cot2  2cot  cot 2  1
 2 2 2

2cot
2
2
    
 cot  1
2
cot  2cot  1
2 2  2 
 
 
2cot 2cot
2 2
 0

 cot is positive
2
Also square of a real number  0
 
 cot  1  cot   0  cot  1  cot 
2 2
tan   tan 
ii) tan      
1  tan  tan 
ntan   tan 
  tan   ntan 
1  n tan   tan 

 n  1 tan   n 1
2
1  n tan  cot   n tan 
2
2
 tan     
 n  1
2
 cot   ntan 
2 2
 n  1  n  1
 2
 [ square of a real number is never negative]
 cot   ntan   4n 4n
iii) [In such problems, we use the property that A.M.  G.M. (for positive quantities)].
We know that A.M.  G.M.
1
2sin x  2cos x
   2sin x  2cos x  2
2
or, 2sin x  2 cos x  2 2sin x  cos x
or, 2sin x  2cos x  22  sin x  cos x
Now,  2  sinx  cos x   2
2  2  2  sinx  cos x  2  2
1
1
2  sin x  cos x 2 2 2  1 
  2   2   2 

1  
2
 2 2
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
sin  6600  tan 10500  sec  4200 

1. 
cos  2250  cos ec  315  cos  5100 
3 3 2 4
A) B) C) D)
4 2 3 3
1
2. If sin       1,sin       then tan    2  tan  2    
2
1
A) 1 B) -1 C) 0 D)
2
 B  2C  3A   A B
3. In ABC, cos    cos  
 2   2 
A) -1 B) 0 C) 1 D) 2
 A B C  D
4. If ABCD is a quadrilateral then cos    cos  
 2   2 
A) 0 B) 1 C) -1 D) 2
5. sin2 5  sin2 10  sin2 15  .....  sin2 180 

A) 9 B) 12 C) 18 D) 24
6. cos 2 9  cos 2 18  cos 2 27  .....  cos 2 81 

A) 4 B) 9/2 C) 5 D) 11/2
 3 5 7 9 15
7. cot cot cot cot cot cot 
20 20 20 20 20 20
A) 1 B) -1 C) 3 D)  3
8. In  le ABC, 5 cos A + 3 = 0 then the quadratic equation whose roots are sinA and tanA is
A) 15x 2  32x  16  0 B) 15x 2  8x  16  0
C) 15x 2  18x  16  0 D) 15x 2  8x  16  0
1
9. If sec A  5x  thensec A  tan A 
20x
1 1 1
A) 5x B) C) 10x  or   D) 10x  or 
20x 10x 10x
1 1 
10. If x  5  2 6 and tan    x  then sec 2   sin2  
2 x
19 4 29 39
A) B) C) D)
4 19 4 4
11. If Sin ,Sin,Sin are in A.P and cos ,cos,cos are in G.P. then
cos 2,cos 2   4cos  cos 
1  sin sin 
A) 2 B) 1 C) -2 D) -1
sin x cos x tan x
12. Given    k then match the following:
a b c
List – I List - II
1) bc A) 1
b k4
2
2) a 2  b2 B) 1
ak
3) 1 ak C) a

ck 1  bk k
4) a 2  b2  c 2 D) 1
k2
A) 1 – c, 2 – d, 3 – b, 4 – a B) 1 – d, 2 – a, 3 – c, 4 – b
C) 1 – a, 2 - b, 3 – d, 4 – c D) 1 – b, 2 – c, 3 – a, 4 – d
13. If tan2  tan2   tan2  tan2   tan2  tan2   2tan2  tan2  tan2   1 then
sin2   sin2   sin2  
A) 0 B) 1 C) 1/4 D) 2
3 1  3
14. If sin A  ,tanB  and  A   and   B  then 8 tanA  5 secB 
5 2 2 2
5 5 7 7
A)  B) C)  D)
2 2 2 2
3 sin   /2     cot     
15. If tan  and  is not in the first quadrant then 
4 tan  3 /2     cos  3 /2   
A) 6/29 B) 8/29 C) 7/29 D) -8/29
16. If sec   tan   1.5 then  lies in the quadrant

A) I B) II C) III D) IV
17. If k  1  sin A 1  sin B 1  sin C   1  sin A 1  sin B 1  sin C  then k 
A)  sin AsinBsinC B)  cos A cos Bcos C
C) 1 D) 0
2/n 2/n
x y
18. If x  a sec n ; y  b tann  then     
a b
A) 0 B) -1 C) 1 D) 2
19. If sin A, cos A, tan A are in G.P. then cot6 A  cot 2 A 

A) 1 B) -1 C) 0 D) 2
1
20. If     2  then 
Sin  cot 2   cos2 
1
A) sin  B)  sin  C) D) 1
sin
 1  sin  1  sin 
21. If     then  
2 1  sin  1  sin 
A) 2 sec  B) 2sec  C) 1 D) -1
22. Assertion A : 1  sin2 100 .sec100   1

Reason R : x 2   x if x  0
Choose the correct answer
A) A is true, R is true and R is correct explanation of A
B) A is true,, R is true and R is not correct explanation of A
C) A is true, R is false
D) A is false, R is true
2 2
23. If a sin x  b cos x 

2c tan x a  b  
then 2
2
2
1  tan x a  b2
A) c 2 B) 2c2 C) 4c2 D) 8c2
24. If m  Sin  Cos; n  sec   Cosec  then

A) n  m2  1  2m B) n  m2  1  2m C) 2n  m2  1  m D) 2n  m2  1  m
2 2
25. If a1cos  b1sin  c1  0 and a 2 cos   b2 sin   c2  0 then  b1c 2  b2c1    c1a 2  c 2a1  
2 2 2 2
A)  a1b 2  a 2 b1  B)  a 2 b 2  a1b1  C)  c1  c 2  D)  b 2c 2  b1c1 
26. If tan2 A  tan2 B  tan2 C  tan BtanC  tanC tan A  tan A tanB  0 then ABC is
A) Isosceles B) Equilateral C) Right angled D) Right angled isosceles
 sin A  sin BsinB  sin c  sin C  sin A 

27. If A, B, C are positive acute angles then
sin A sinBsinC
A)  8 B)  1 C)  1 D)  0
28. If sec   tan   1 , then one root of the equation

 a  2b  c  x 2   b  2c  a  x   c  2a  b   0 is
A) sec  B) tan C) sin D) cot 
29. If sin   cos   a and sin3   cos 3   b , then we get a 3   b   a  0 where ,  are
independent of  , then the value of 1  3  3 is
A) – 6 B) – 18 C) – 36 D) – 98
30. If 10 sin4   15 cos 4   6 , then 27 cos ec 6   8 sec 6  
A) 225 B) 250 C) 625 D) 750

______________________________________________________________________________________________
1 1
1. sin2 52  Sin2 22 
2 2
3 1 3 1 3 3 3 3
A) B) C) D)
4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2
1 1 
2. If SinA  ,SinB  ,0  A,B  then A  B 
10 5 4
   
A) B) C) D)
2 3 4 5
sin 
3. 
2   2  
sin     sin   
 8 2 8 2
1 1
A) 2 B) C) 2 D)
2 2
4. If tan ,tan  are the roots of the equation x 2  px  q  0 then sin2       p sin
     cos       q cos2      
A) 0 B) 1 C) p D) q
   
5. Cos 2      Sin2     
 6   6 
1 1
A) Cos2 B)  Cos2 C) 0 D) 1
2 2
6. In a Ie ABC, A is an obtuse angle, If SinA  3 /5, SinB  5 /13 then SinC 
12 10 16 17
A) B) C) D)
65 65 65 85
 4 5
7. If 0  ,   ,Cos       , Sin       then Tan2 
4 5 13
A) 33/56 B) 56/33 C) 16/63 D) 14/63
8. Given that Tan A, Tan B are the roots of the equation x 2  bx  c  0 then the value of
sin2(A+B) is
b b2 b2 b2
A) 2
B) C) 2
D) 2
b  c b2  c2 c 2  1  b  b 2  1  c 
12 24
9. If Cos  ,Cot  ,90     180  and 180    270 then the quadrant in which   
13 7
lies
A) I B) II C) III D) IV
1
10. In a le ABC if cos A  cos B  cos C  then tan A  tan B  tan B  tan C  tan C  tan A 
3
1 1
A) 4 B) 4 C) D) 
4 4
5 15
11. If 270   A  360 ,90   B  180  ,CosA  , TanB  then Sin  A  B  
13 8
140 171 140 221
A) B) C) D)
221 221 171 171
12. Assertion (A): If cos  x  y   3 cos  x  y  then cotx coty =2

a c a b cd
Reason (R): If  then 
b d a b cd
B) A is true, R is true and R is not correct explanation of A
13. In  e ABC if cotA + cotB + cotC = 3 then  ABC is

A) Equilateral triangle B) Right angled triangle
C) Isosceles D) Scalene triangle
3
14. If cos  A  B   and tanA tanB = 2 then which one of the following is true?
5
1 1 1 1
A) sin  A  B   B) sin  A  B   C) cos  A  B   D) cos  A  B  
5 5 5 5
1 1
15. If x  tanA  tanB, y  cotB  cotA then  
x y
A) cot (A-B) B) cot (B-A) C) tan (A-B) D) tan (B-A)
1 1 1
16. If A, B, C are acute angles, tan A  , tan B  , tan C  then A + B + C=
2 5 8
   
A) B) C) D)
12 6 4 2
       
17. If tan      Tan      3 then Tan2      Tan2     
 4   4   4   4 
A) 4 B) 5 C) 6 D) 7
18. Match the following

List – I List - II
1)  A) 2 tanA tanB
If A  B  then tan B  2 tan  A  B  
2
2)  B) tanA
If A  B  then 1  tan A 1  tan B  
4
3) 5 cot A cot B C) 2
If A  B  then 
4 1  cot A 1  cot B 
4) 3 D) 1
If A  B  then 1  tan A 1  tan B  
4 2
A) a, b, c, d B) b, c, d, a C) c, d, a, b D) d, a, b, c
xsinB ysinA sinA

19. If tanA  and tanB  then 
1  xcosB 1  ycosA sinB
A) x/y B) y/x C) x + y D) x – y
n tan 
20. If tan   then tan      
1  1  n  tan2 
A) 1  n  tan  B) 1  n  tan  C)  1  n  tan  D)  n  1 tan 
21. In a triangle ABC, If tanA+tanB+tanC=6 and tanA tanB = 2 then the triangle is
A) Right angled B) Isosceles C) Acute angled D) Obtuse angled
2sin AsinC
22. In  ABC if tanB  then tanA, tanB, tanC are in
sin  A  C 
A) A.P. B) G.P. C) H.P D) A.G.P
23. Assertion (A) : tan       tan       tan       tan      tan      tan     

Reason (R): In ABC tan A   tan A
   2   3   
24. 1  tan  1  tan  1  tan  …….. 1  tan  
 180   180   180   4
A) 2 22 B) 2 23 C) 2 21 D) 224
25. If Tan8A  Tan5A  Tan3A  K Tan8A Tan5A. Tan3A then K 

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
26. If x  sin , y  sin , z  sin      then cos      is

z2  x2  y2 z2  x2  y2 z2  x2  y2 x2  y2  z2
A) B) C) D)
xy 2xy xy 2xy
27. If  and  are solutions of the equation a tan   bsec   c then tan       _________
1 1 2ac 2c
A) B) C) D)
a  c2
2
a  c2
2
a  c2
2
a  c2
2
28. If cos A  cos B  cos C  0  sin A  sinB  sinC then  cos  A  B  

3 3 1
A) B)  C) D) 0
2 2 2
A 5 B 20 C
29. In ABC , if tan  ,tan  then tan 
2 6 2 37 2
5 2 3 2
A) B) C) D)
2 5 2 3
cos  1  2 
30. If tan 1  k cot 2 then 
cos  1  2 
1 k 1 k k 1 k 1
A) B) C) D)
1 k 1 k k 1 k 1
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
13
1
1. The value of 
k 1    k  1     k 
is equal to
sin    sin   
4 6  4 6 
A) 3  3 
B) 2 3  3  C) 2  3 1 
D) 2 2  3 
  
2. tan6  33 tan4  27 tan2 
9 9 9
   
A) tan B) tan2 C) tan D) tan2
3 3 6 6
tan3
3. The value of
tan 
1 1
A) Lie between and 2 B) does not lie between and 2
2 2
1 1
C) lie between and 3 D) does not lie between and 3
3 3
n
4. If sin3 x sin 3x  c m cos m x where c 0 ,c1 ,.....c n are constants and c n  0, then n 
m 0
A) 0 B) 3 C) 4 D) 6

5. If cos      ,cos  and cos      are in H.P then cos  sec   
2
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D)  2
 2 3 4 5
6. cos cos cos cos cos 
11 11 11 11 11
1 1 1 1
A) B) C) D)
4 8 16 32
7. The quadratic equation whose roots are Sin218 and Cos 2 36 is
A) 16x 2  12x  1  0 B) 16x 2  12x  1  0
2
C) 16x  12x  1  0 D) 16x 2  10x  1  0
2 4 6
8. cos  cos  cos 
7 7 7
1 1
A) B)  C) 0 D) 1
2 2
1 1
9. 
 
cos 290 3 sin 250 
2 4
A) 2 3 B) 4 3 C) D)
3 3
10. If A  tan 6 tan 42 ,B  cot 66 cot 78  then

A) A = 2B B) A = B C) B = 2A D) 3A = 2B
 2 3 9
11. cos 2  cos 2  cos 2  cos 2 
10 5 5 10
A) 1 B) 2 C) 4 D) 6
12. sin 6 sin 42 sin 66 sin 78 

A) 1/2 B) 1/4 C) 1/8 D) 1/16
13. 1  sec 20  1  sec 40 1  sec 80 

A) cot 2 20 B) cot2 10 C) tan2 10 D) tan2 20
3x  x 3
14. If x  y  z  xyz then  
1  3x 2
 3x  x 3   3x  x 3   3x  x 3   3x  x 3 
A)   2 
B)   2 
C)    D)   2 
 1  3x   1  3x   1  3x   1  3x 
15. cos 6 sin 24 cos 72 

1 1 1 1
A)  B)  C) D)
8 4 8 4
16. The value of 4 sin 27 

A) 5 5  3 5 B) 5 5  3 5
C) 5 5  3 5 D) 5 5  3 5
1
17. If 0  x   and cos x  sin x  then tan x 
2
A) 
4  7  B)
1 7
C)
1 7
D)
4 7
3 4 4 3
2 4 8 14
18. Cos .Cos .Cos .Cos 
15 15 15 15
1 1 1 1
A) B) C) D)
2 4 8 16
   3   7   9 
19. 1  cos  1  cos  1  cos  1  cos 
 10   10   10   10 
1 1 1
A) B) C) D) 1
8 16 4
20. tan 9  tan 27  tan 63  tan 81 

A) 4 B) 3 C) 2 D) 1
21. If cos 3 A  cos 3 120  A   cos 3 120  A   K cos 3A then K 

A) 1/4 B) 1/2 C) 3/4 D) 1
 
22. Assertion (A) : 4sin4   sin2 2  4cos 2     2 then   Q3 or Q4
 4 2
Reason (R) : In Q3 & Q4 , sin    sin 
B) B is true, R is true and R is not correct explanation of A
 1 e 
23. If tan    tan   then cos  
2 1 e 2
1  e cos  1  e cos  cos   e 1  e cos 
A) B) C) D)
cos   e cos   e 1  e cos  cos   e
3 A 5
24. If   then  1  sin A  1  sin A 
4 2 4
A A
A) 2cos B) 2sin C) 2cos A D) 2sin A
2 2
A A
25. If 1  sin A  1  sin A  2sin then 
2 2
     3 
A)  2n  ,2n   B)  2n  ,2n  
 4 4  4 4 
 3 5   5 7 
C)  2n  ,2n   D)  2n  ,2n  
 4 4   4 4 
 3 5 7
26. cos 4  cos 4  cos 4  cos 4 
8 8 5 8
1 3 3 1
A) B) C) D)
2 2 4 4
 
27. If tan   and tan   are the roots of the equation 8x 2  26x  15  0 then cos      
2  2
627 627
A) B) C) -1 D) 1
725 725
x y z
28.   then x  y  z 
cos   2   2 
cos     cos    
 3   3 
A) 1 B) 0 C) -1 D) 2
 
29. If tan    cos ec  sin  then the numerical value of cos 2 
 2 2
5 1 5 1 3 1 3 1
A) B) C) D)
4 4 2 2 2 2
30. sin2 12  sin2 21  sin2 39  sin2 48  sin2 9  sin2 18 
A) 0 B) 1 C) -1 D) 2
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
1. sin   sin   a,cos   cos   b  sin      

2ab 2ab
A) ab B) a  b C) D)
a  b2
2
a  b2
2
sin 1  sin 2  .....  sin n

2. If 1, 2 , 3 ,.....n are in A.P. then 
cos 1  cos 2  ....  cos n
   n     n 
A) 0 B) tan  1  n  C) tan  1  D) tan  1 
 2   2 
1  4sin100 sin 700

3. The value of the expression
2sin100
A) 1/2 B) 1 C) 2 D) 1/3
3  cot 760 cot160

4. The value of is
cot 760  cot160
A) tan 440 B) cot 460 C) tan 20 D) tan 460
2
5. If   , then tan  tan 2  tan 2 tan 4  tan 4 tan  
7
A) 1 B) 3 C) 5 D) 7
6. The smallest positive value of x (in degrees) for which

tan  x  1000   tan  x  500  .tan x.tan  x  500  is
A) 300 B) 450 C) 550 D) 150

7. Let 0  A,B  satisfying the equations 3sin2 A  2sin2 B  1 and 3sin 2A  2sin 2B  0
2
then A  2B 
A) 0 B)  /2 C)  /6 D) 3 / 2
21 27  

8.       3,sin   sin   ,cos   cos    cos  
65 65  2 
6 3 3 6
A) B) C) D)
65 130 130 65
9. cos 6 sin 24 cos 72 

1 1 1 1
A)  B)  C) D)
8 4 8 4
2015 2015
 cos A  cos B   sin A  sin B 
10. The value of     
 sin A  sin B   cos A  cos B 
 A  B  A B  A B
A) 0 B) cot 2015   C) cot 2015   D) 2tan2015  
 2   2   2 
11. 1  sec 20 

A) tan 40 tan 30 B) cot 40 cot 30 C) tan 40 tan 60 D) cot 40 cot 60
12. If A  B  C  2700 , then cos 2A  cos 2B  cos 2C  4sin A sin B sin C 

A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3
13. A  B  C  00  sin A  sin B  sin C 

A B C A B C
A) 2sin sin sin B) 2sin sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C A B C
C) 4sin sin sin D) 4sin sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
14. A  B  C  2S  sin S  sin  S  A   sin  S  B   sin  S  C  

A B C A B C
A) 4cos .cos .cos B) 4cos .cos .sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C A B C
C) 4cos .sin .cos D) 4sin .sin .cos
2 2 2 2 2 2
1  cos A  cos B  cos  A  B 

15. 
1  cos A  cos B  cos  A  B 
A B A B A B A B
A) sin .cos B) sec .cos ec C) tan .cot D) 2sin .cos
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
16. Let f  n   2cos nx, n  N, then f 1 f  n  1  f  n  is equal to

A) f  n  3  B) f  n  2 C) f  n  1 f  2 D) f  n  2 f  2
x y z
17. xy  yz  zx  1,  2
 2
 
1 x 1 y 1  z2
2 2
A) B)
1  x 1  y 1  z 
2 2 2
1  x 1  y 1  z 
2 2 2
2 2
C) D)
1  x 1  y 1  z 
2 2 2
1  x 1  y 1  z 
2 2 2
tan A  tanB  tan C  tanD

18. If A, B, C, D be the angles of a quadrilateral, then 
cot A  cot B  cot C  cot D
A) tan A tan B tan C tan D B) 0
C) 1 D) cot A cot B cot C cot D
cos 6  6cos 3  15 cos 2  10

19. 
cos 5  5 cos 3  10
A) sin  B) cos  C) 2sin  D) 2cos 
    5   7 
20. K  sin   sin   sin  K
 18   18   18 
A) 1/4 B) 1/6 C) 1/8 D) 1/2
21. sin A  sin B  3  cos B  cos A   sin 3A  sin 3B 

A) 0 B) 2 C) 1 D) 1
sin  n  1 A  2sin nA  sin  n  1 A

22. 
cos  n  1 A  cos  n  1 A
A) tan A /2 B) cot A /2 C) tan A D) cot A
 
23. The value of tan  2tan  4 is equal to
16 8
  
A) cot B) cot C) cot 4 D) 0
8 16 16
  
24. 1  cos ec  cos ec  cos ec 
4 8 16
   
A) cot B) cot C) cot D) cos ec 2
8 16 32 16
 2   22    264  
25. cos  64  cos  64  ....cos  64 
 2  1  2  1  2  1
1 1 1 1
A) 16
B) 8 C) D)
16 8 3232 6464
sin x sin 3x sin 32 x sin 3n 1 x  

26. If fn  x    2
 3
 ....  n
then f2    f3   
cos 3x cos 3 x cos 3 x cos 3 x 4  4
A) 0 B) 1 C) 1 D) 2
27. If an angle  is divided into two parts A and B such that A  B  x and TanA : TanB  k :1
then sin x 
k 1 k k 1 k 1
A) sin  B) sin  C) sin  D) sin 
k 1 k 1 k 1 k
sin      1 M    
28. If  then Tan     . Tan     
cos      1 M  4   4 
1 1
A) B) M C)  D) 2M
M M
 2x   2x 
29. Assertion A: If x  y  z  xyz then   2 
  2 
1  x  1  x 
Reason R: If tan A  tan B  tan C  tan A tan B tan C then A  B  C  n, n  N
30. A  cos 20 cos 40 cos 60 cos 80, B  cos 6 cos 42 cos 66 cos 78  and
C  cos 36 cos 72 cos108 cos144 then
A) A>B>C B) B>C>A D) C>A>B D) A=B=C
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
1. Assertion A: cos1  cos 2

Reason R: In  0,   ,cos x is decreasing function
2. X  tan1, Y  tan 2, Z  tan3 then the decreasing order is

A) X, Y, Z B) Z, Y, X C) X, Z, Y D) Y, Z, X
3. Which of the following is correct?

A) sin1  sin1 B) sin1  sin1 C) sin1  sin1 D) none
4. If X  Sin1, Y  Sin2; Z  Sin3 then

A) x  y  z B) x  y  z C) y  z  x D) z  x  y
5. If 3 cos   sin  is positive, then  lies between

2      
A)  to B)  to C) 0 to D)  to
3 3 3 2 3 2 2
6. If , , ,  are the smallest positive angles in ascending order of magnitude which have their
sines equal to the positive quantity k the value of
   
4sin    3sin    2sin    sin   
2 2  2  2
A) 2 1  k B) 2 1  k C) 2 k D) k  1

7. 0 then  cos ec  is
6
   
A) Less than B) Greater than C) Less than D) Greater than
6 6 3 3
8. Given A = sin2   cos 4  , then for all real values of 

3 13 3 13
A) 1  A  2 B)  A  1 C)  A 1 D) A
4 16 4 16
1  
9. The minimum value of 2cos    2 tan  in  0,  is
sin   2
A) 2  2 B) 3 2 C) 2 3 D) 3  2
A B C B
10. If ABC is a triangle and tan , tan ,tan are in H.P then the minimum value of cot is
2 2 2 2
equal to
A)  3 B) 3 C) 2 D) -2
 sin   sin   sin 

11. If 0       then lies between
2 cos   cos   cos 
A) sin  and sin  B) tan  and tan  C) cos  and cos  D) sec  and sec 

12. The maximum value of (cos 1 ) (cos 2 )....(cos n ) under the restrictions 0  1,  2 ....... n 
2
and cot 1.cot 2 .....cot n  1 is
1 1 1
A) n/2 B) n C) D) 1
2 2 2n
    
13. If 0  x  then range of f  x   sec   x   sec   x  is
3 6  6 
 4   4   4   4 
A)  ,  B)  ,  C)  0,  D)  0, 
 3   3   3  3
14. STATEMENT–1: The equation sin2 x  cos2 y  2sec2 z is only solvable if sin x  1,cos y  1
and sec z  1 where x, y, z  R because
STATEMENT – 2: Maximum value of sin x and cos y is 1 and minimum value of sec z is 1.
A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for
Statement-1
B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement–2 NOT a correct explanation for
Statement-1.
C) Statement–1 is True, Statement–2 is False
D) Statement –1 is False, Statement–2 is True.
1
15. STATEMENT–1:The maximum and minimum values of the function f(x) 
3sin x  4cos x  2
does not exist
STATEMENT – 2: The given function is an unbounded function.
Statement-1
Statement-1.
16. STATEMENT – 1: The minimum value of the expression sin   sin   sin  where , ,  are
real numbers such that        , is negative because
STATEMENT – 2: , ,  are angles of a triangle
Statement-1
Statement-1.
1
17. The maximum value of the expression is
sin   3sin  cos   5 cos 2 
2
1 1
A) B) C) 2 D) -2
2 2
18. Let a 2  b2  2  2  2 then show that the maximum value of S  1  a 

 1  b   1   1    is
1 1
A) B) C) 8 D) - 8
8 8
19. If a sin x  b cos(x  )  b cos(x  )  d then the minimum value of cos  is equal to
(where x is variable)
1 1 1 1
A) d2  a 2 B) d2  a 2 C) d2  a 2 D) d2  a 2
2|b| 2|a| 2|d| |d|
20. If the mapping f(x)  ax  b,a  0 , maps[-1,1] onto [0,2] then for all values of
2 4
, A  cos   sin  is such that
1
A) f    A  f(0) B) f(0)  A  f(1)
4
1
C) f    A  f(0) D) f(1)  A  f(1)
3
25
21. Statement I: Minimum value of  3sin   4 cos   3 cos   4sin   is 
2
2 2
Statement II: Minimum value of 9 tan x  16cot x is 24
Which of the above statements is correct?
A) Only I B) Only II C) Both I & II D) Neither I nor II

22. Statement I: Period of cos 3 x  cos 3 120  x   cos 3 120  x  is
3
x x x
Statement II: Period of 2cos  sin  tan is 12
3 2 4
Which of the above statement is correct?
A) Only I B) only II C) both I & II D) neither I nor II
23.  3
The period of tan x  8x  27x  ...  n x is 
8 4 2 4
A) 2
B) 2
C) 2
D) 2
2 2 2
n  n  1 n  n  1 n  n  1 n  n  1
24. The sine function whose period 3 is

 2   2   2  x
A) sin  x B) sin   x C) sin   x D) sin  
 3   3   3  3
sinnx
25. The period of 2 is 4, where n  Z then n 
x
cos  
n
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
26. The period of cot x  cos x  tan x  sin x is

 
A)  B) C) 2 D)
2 4
27. The period of sin  sin x   sin  cos x  is

 
A)  B) 2 C) D)
2 4
28. Let f  x   cos p x where p  a  (integral part). If the period of f  x  is  then a 

A)  4,5  B)  4,5  C)  4,5  D)  4,5 
 x   x   x 
29. The period of sin    2cos    tan   is
 2   3   4 
A) 4 B) 6 C) 12 D) 24
x x
cot tan
30. The period of 4 4 is
x
1  tan  tan x
2

A) B)  C) 4 D) 2
2
__________________________________________________________________________________________________

1. 
The maximum value of cos  sin   sin2   sin   when  
6
is
7 5
A) B) C) 2 D) 1
2 2
2.  
If 1  1  x tan y  1  1  x then sin 4y 
1 x 1 1 x
A) x B) 2 x C) D)
1 1 x 1 1 x
3. If 3 cos   2cos    2  then tan      tan  

1 1
A) 3 B) C) 5 D)
3 5
4. The period of f  x  
1  sin x 1  sec x  is
1  cos x 
 1  cos ecx 
A)  /2 B)  C) 3 /2 D) 2
7 3 15
5. E  cot  2cot  cot 
16 8 16
A) – 1 B) – 2 C) – 3 D) – 4
tan x tan y tan z

6. If   and x  y  z   then the value of tan2 x  tan2 y  tan2 z is
2 3 5
A) 38 B) 114 C) 38/3 D) 30
7. The least positive root of the equation Tan x = x lies in the quadrant
A) Ist B) IInd C) IIIrd D) IVth
  tan  cot  tan  cot 

8. Let    0,  and t1   tan   ,t2   tan   ,t3   cot   ,t 4   cot   then
 4
A) t1  t 2  t 3  t 4 B) t 4  t 3  t 2  t1 C) t 3  t1  t 2  t 4 D) t 2  t 3  t1  t 4
n 1
r
9. S   cos 2 
r 1 n
n n 1 n2 n 1
A) B) C) D)
2 2 2 2
10. If sin, cos, tan are in G.P. then cos 9   cos 6   3 cos5   1 
A) –1 B) 0 C) 1 D) 2
     3   3 
11. Let 0  x  2 , A  0,  , B   2 ,   , C   , 2  and D   2 ,2  . If
 2      
sin x  cos x  sin x  cos x then x  .......
A) B  D B) A  C C) B D) D
 
12. If cos       a and sin       b  0    ,      then cos 2       2ab sin      is
 2
equal to
A) a 2  b2 B) a 2  b2 C) 2a 2b2 D) a 2b2
13. If x  sin , y  sin , z  sin      , then cos      is

z2  x2  y2 z2  x2  y2 z2  x2  y2 z2  x2  y2
A) B) C) D)
xy 2xy xy 2xy
1 
14. If k sin2 x  cos ec 2 x  2, 0  x  , then cos 2 x  5sin x cos x  6sin2 x 
k 2
2
k  5k  6 k 2  5k  6 5
A) 6 B)
k 2
C)
k 2
k

D) 1  1  k  1 
cos  sin  p q
15. If  , then  
p q sec 2 cos ec2
p
A) p B) q C) pq D)
q
 1 1
16. If 0  ,   and sin   ,cos   , then      belongs to
2 2 3
    2   2 5   5 
A)  ,  B)  ,  C)  ,  D)  ,
3 2 2 3   3 6   6 
17. Which of the following is not equal to1?

A) cos 4   sin4   2sin2 
sin2  cos2 
B)
2
1  cot 2   
2
1  tan2  
C) sin2  cos2   cos2  sin2   sin2  sin2   cos2  cos2 
D) sin4   cos 4   2sin2 

18. Let , ,   0 and       . If p  tan  tan   5 , q  tan  tan   5 , r  tan  tan   5 ,
2
then the maximum value of p  q  r is
A) 2 3 B) 3 3 C) 4 3 D) 5 3
Passage (19 to 21)

C  180

 180 
1C   
  
 57 17'44.8''
 57 (approx.)
On the basis of above information, answer the following questions:
19. The value of cos1C is

1 1 1
A)  B) C)  D) 0
2 2 2
20. The number of sides of two regular polygons are as 5 : 4 and the difference between their

angles is , then the number of sides in polygons respectively are
40
A) 20, 16 B) 10, 8 C) 25, 20 D) None of these
21. The angles of a triangle are in AP and the number of degrees in the least is to the number of
C
  
radians in the greatest is 60 :  . If the difference between least and greatest angles is  
 6 
, then the value of  is
A) 2 B) 5 C) 4 D) 3
22. For each natural number K, let C K denotes the circle with radius K cm and centre at origin.
On the circle C K , a particle moves K cm in the counter-clockwise direction. After completing
its motion on C K , the particle moves on CK 1 in the radial direction. The motion of the
particle continuous in this manner. The particle starts at (1, 0). If the particle crosses the
positive direction of the X-axis for the first time on the circle C n , then n is equal to
A) 6 B) 8 C) 9 D) 7
23. A horse is tried to post by a rope. If the horse moves along circular path always keeping the
tight and describes 88 m, when it has traced out 72 at centre, then the length of rope is
A) 50 m B) 60 m C) 70 m D) 80 m
24. The angle between the minute hand and hour hand of a clock, when the time is 7 : 30 pm is
A) 60 B) 45 C) 30 D) 100
sin A  sinB  sinC A B

25. If in a ABC,  2 cot cot , then the value of  is
sin A  sinB  sinC 2 2
1
A) – 1 B) C) 1 D) – 2
2
cos A cos B cos C

26. If A  B  C  180 , then the value of   is
sinBsinC sinC sin A sin A sinB
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
1  cos A  cos B  cos C

27. In ABC, is equal to
1  cos C  cos A  cos B
A C A B A C B C
A) tan cot B) tan cot C) tan tan D) tan cot
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
BCA C  A B A BC

28. In ABC , if tan   tan   tan    1 , then the value of
 4   4   4 
cos A  cos B  cos C is
A) 1 B) – 1 C) 2 D) – 2
A B C
29. If A  B  C  180 , then sin sin sin is
2 2 2
1 1 1 1
A)  B)  C)  D) 
8 4 8 4
A B C A B C
30. If in a ABC , cot  cot  cot   cot cot cot , then the value of  is
2 2 2 2 2 2
A) 2 B) – 2 C) 1 D) 3
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
INTEGER TYPE
 2 3 5 6 7
1. The sum of the digits of the sum tan2  tan2  tan2  tan2  tan2  tan2 is
16 16 16 16 16 16
2sin2 sin 
2. Given that f(n)  and f()  f(2)  f(3)  ....  f(n)  then the
cos 2  cos 4n sin  sin 
value of    , is
3. If  is minimum value of 4x 2  4x sin   cos2  and  is maximum value of

2 2
sin 2 y  2a 2  2a 2  1  cos 2 y where , x, y,a real, then    
4. If a tan   a 2  1 tan   a 2  1 tan   2a, where a is constant and , ,  are variable angles
k
2
 2
and the least value of tan   tan   tan  is
2
3

, then the value of k is
1 1 1
5. The positive integer value of n > 3 satisfying the equation  

  2
   3 
sin   sin   sin  
n  n   n 
is
6. If 4 sin 27 o     then the sum of the digits in (      2)4
 1o 
7. If 4 cos 36o  cot  7  = n1  n2  n3  n4  n5  n 6 then the product of the digits in
 2 
 
6
2
n
i 1
i =
2 4 6 1 2 4 6 1
8. Suppose cos  cos  cos  and cos cos cos  , then the numerical
7 7 7 2 7 7 7 8
 2 3
value of cos ec2  cos ec2  cos ec2 must be
7 7 7
9. Let a, b, c, d be real numbers such that

a + b + c + d = 10, if the minimum value of
a2 cot 9° + b2 cot 27° + c2 cot 63° + d2 cot 81° is n  n  N then sum of digits of n
 2sin2 
10. If cot      ,3cot ,cot      are in AP and  is not an integral multiple of , then is
2 sin2 
equal to
ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTIONS CORRECT TYPE
11. If sin x + cos x + tan x + cot x + sec x + cosec x = 7 and sin 2x = a – b 7 then
A) a = 8 B) b = 22 C) a = 22 D) b = 8
 
12. Let x, y   0,  and 2sin x  sin y and 2 cos x  3 cos y then which is / are correct
 2
5 4
A) tan2 x 
27

B) cos 2y  10 cos2 x  1
9

1
C) tan2 y  D) tan  x  y    3   is GIF 
2
13. If x cos B  y cos A and A  B then which is / are always correct

 A B
A)  x  y  tan    x tan A  y tan B
 2 
 A B
B)  x  y  tan    x tan A  y tan B
 2 
C) sin  A  B y sin A  x sinB   y sin A  x sinB sin  A  B
D) x tan A  y tan B  0
tan3A sin3A
14. If   then the possible value of is
tan A sinA
8 1 1
A) if   3 B) 1 if   1 C) if   D) 4 if   2
3 5 9
2
15. If sec ,cos ec  are roots of x  px  q  0 and p,q are real then
p
A) maximum value of is 2 for any 
q
pq q
B) 
2 pq
 3 
C) there exists  in  ,  such that p  2q  0
 2 
2
D) p  2 if q  4
16. x 
2 2 2
 2

2 2
a 2 cos 2   b 2 sin 2   a 2 sin 2   b 2 cos 2  , then x  a  b  2 p a  b  p ,
where p is equal to
A) a 2 cos 2   b2 sin2  B) a 2 sin2   b2 cos 2 
1 1
 
C) a 2  b2  a 2  b2 cos 2 
2
 
D) a 2  b2  a 2  b2 cos 2 
2
17. If cos x  sin  cot  sin x  cos  then the value of tan(x /2) is
A)  tan( /2)cot( / 2) B) tan( /2)tan( / 2)
C)  cot( /2)tan( / 2) D) cot( /2)cot( /2)
3 3
18. The equation x3 – x=– is satisfied by
4 8
 5   7   23    7 
A) x = cos   B) x = cos   C) x = cos   D) x = -sin  
 18   18   18   9 
2
19. If tan  and tan are the roots of the equation x  px  q  0  p  0  , then
A) sin2       psin      cos      q cos2       q
p
B) tan      
q 1
C) cos       1  q
D) sin       p
  
2n 2n 2n
20. For 0     /2 , If x   cos , y   sin , z   cos  sin2n  , then
n0 n0 n0
A) xyz = xz + y B) xyz = xy + z C) xyz = x + y + z D) xyz = yz + x.
COMPREHENSION TYPE
Passage – I
sin 2n 1 
Given, cos 2m  cos 2m1 ....cos 2n   where 2 m   k , n, m, k  I solve the
2n  m 1 sin 2m 
following
9 11 13
21. sin sin sin is equal to
14 14 14
1 1 1 1
A) B)  C) D) 
64 64 8 8
   
22. cos 23 cos 24 cos 25 ....cos 210 is equal to
10 10 10 10
1 1 1  5 1 3
A) B) C) sin D) sin
128 256 512 10 512 10
 2 3 10
23. cos cos cos ....cos is equal to
11 11 11 11
1 1 1 1
A)  B) C) D) 
32 512 1024 1024
Passage – II
 3 5
If cos ,cos ,cos are the roots of the equation 8x 3  4x 2  4x  1  0
7 7 7
 3 5
24. The value of sec  sec  sec is
7 7 7
A) 2 B) 4 C) 8 D) 9
 3 5
25. The equation whose roots are tan2 ,tan2 ,tan2 is
7 7 7
A) x 3  35x 2  7x  21  0 B) x 3  35x 2  21x  7  0
C) x 3  21x 2  35x  7  0 D) x 3  21x 2  7x  35  0
 3  2r  1    3 2  2r  1  
26. The value of   tan2       cot     is
 r 1  7    r 1  7  
A) 15 B) 105 C) 21 D) 147
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
SINGLE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

   
1. The value of 1  cos ec  cos ec  cos ec  cos ec equals
4 8 16 32
  1  1 
A) cot B) cot C) cot D) cot
64 32 2 32 4 8
2. If the equation x 2  4 cos   x     5  2x has at least one solution where ,   2,5 then the
 
sin  sin
value of 2 2 equals
 
cos  cos
2 2
A) sin      B) cos     C) sin      D) cos     
2 4 8 2 4 8  2  m2
3. If   sin  sin  sin and m  cos  cos  cos and then the value of 2
7 7 7 7 7 7   m2
equals
4 2 3
A) B) C) D) 6
3 3 2
2x
4. If tan2    x  y    cot 2    x  y    1  where x, y  R then the least positive value of y
1  x2
equals
1 3 5
A) B) C) D) 2
4 4 4
  
tan  n 

5. The value of   2  is
n 1 n 1

2 cos n1
2
2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
A)  B)  C)  D) 
sin2  sin2  sin2  sin  
6. The sum of the series, sin  sec 3  sin 3 sec 32   sin 32  sec 33   ..... upto n terms, is
1
A) tan3n   tan3n1  B) tan 3n   tan  
2
1 1
C) tan3n   tan 
2
D)
2
tan3n   1  
1 x
7. If tan   , tan   and tan   x 3  x 2  x 1 then    

x x  x 12
 2
x  x 1

A)  B) 2 C)  D)
2
8. sin 8

750  cos8 750 
3 3 3 3 7 3
A) 1 B) C) D)
8 16 16
ONE OR MORE THAN OPTIONS CORRECT TYPE

9 If the number of solutions of the equation
 sin x  13   cos x  13  sin x 3   2sin x  cos x  2 3 in 0,2 is n1 and if the value of

 x  y   2005 is n2 where x  sin y  2014 and x  2014cos y  2013,0  y  then
2
 n  n2 
A) n1  n2 B) n2  2n1 1 C) n12  n2 D)  1   3   isGIF 
 n2  n1 
10. Which of the following are true
A) The maximum, minimum values of cos  cos x  in 0 1 are cos1, cos  cos1
B) The minimum, maximum values of cos  cos x  in 0 1 are cos1, cos  cos1

C) If 0  x  y  then cos  sin x   sin  cos x 
2

D) If 0  x  y  then x  y  sin x  sin y
2
11. If 2sec 2x  tan y  cot y then x  y may be equal to

 3 5 9
A) B) C) D)
4 4 4 4
12. If (x  a)cos   y sin   (x  a)cos   y sin   a and tan( /2)  tan( /2)  2b then
2 2 2
A) y  2ax  (1  b )x
 1
B) tan  (y  bx)
2 x
2 2 2
C) y  2bx  (1  a )x
 1
D) tan  (y  bx)
2 x
tan x tan y tan z
13. If     0  and x  y  z   , then
1 2 3
A) Maximum value of tan x  tan y  tanz is 6
B) Minimum value of tan x  tan y  tanz is – 6
C) tan x   1, tan y   2, tan z   3
D) tan x  tan y  tan z  0  x, y, z  R
14. If 3sin   sin  2    , then

A) cot   cot      cot   3cot  2      6
B) sin   cos      sin 
C) 2sin   sin      cos 
D) tan       2tan 
15. If in ABC , tan A  tanB  tanc  6 and tan A tanB  2 then sin2 A : sin2 B : sin2 C is
A) 8 : 9 : 5 B) 8 : 5 : 9 C) 5 : 8 : 9 D) 5 : 8 : 5
2
 sin   tan 
16. If     3 , then
 sin   tan 
1 1
A) tan   B) tan    C) tan   3 D) tan    3
3 3
COMPREHENSION TYPE
Passage – I

If   ,   3,   5 and if cos ,cos ,cos  are roots of 8x 3  4x 2  4x  1  0 then
7
  
17. The value of sin sin sin 
2 2 2
1 7 7 1
A) B) C) D)
4 4 8 8
18. The value of sec  sec   sec  sec   sec  sec  
A) 4 B) 4 C) 8 D) 1
Passage – II
Consider the cubic equation
 
x 3  sin   cos  1  sin    x 2  sin  cos  1  sin2  cos  x  sin2  cos2   0 whose roots are
, ,  then
19. The maximum value of 2  2  2 equals
5 5 6
A) B) C) 1 D)
4 2 5
 
20. If    and if      then the maximum value of    equals
4 2
3 3 3 3
A) B) C) 3 D)
2 4 4
Passage – III
n n
If Tn  sin   cos  where n is any non-negative integer and   R then:
P7  P5
21. 
P5  P3
P P5 P3 P3
A) 7 B) C) D)
P5 P3 P1 P5
22. The value of 6 P10  15P8  10 P6  7 is

A) 8 B) 6 C) 4 D) 2
MATRIX MATCHING TYPE

COLUMN – I COLUMN – II
When  is fixed constant then the
A) P) 2sin(A  B)
maximum value of cos(2A  )  cos(2B  )
The maximum value of cos 2A  cos 2B

B) where (A+B) is constant and A,B  (0,  /2 ), Q) 2 sec ( A+B)
is
The minimum value of {sec 2A  sec 2B} ,

C) where (A+B) is constant and A,B  R) 2 cos (A+B)
(0,  /4 ), is
The minimum value of

D) {tan   cot   2cos 2(A  B)} , where A,B are S) 2 cos (A-B)
constant and   (0,  /2) is
24. Let sin   sin   sin   0  cos   cos   cos  , then match the entries of column I with the
entries of column II
3
A) cos2   cos2   cos2   P)
2
3
B) sin2   sin2   sin2   Q) 
2
C) x sin    x sn    x sin    R) 3
4
D) cos      cos       cos       S)
3
25.
A) cos 90  sin 90 P) 5 5
2
5 1
B) cos 90  sin 90 Q)
8
C) cos 90 R) 3 5  5 5
4
3 5
D) cos 2 480  sin2 120 S)
2
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
INTEGER TYPE
2 2 2 2
1. If x, y, z, t are real numbers such that x  y  9,z  t  4 and xt  yz  6 then the greatest
value of xz is
10
 r 
2. The value of 8 cos3  
r 0  3 
x x
3. Let the smallest positive value of x for which the expression f  x   sin  sin  x  R 
3 11
0
achieves maximum value be  . If  expressed in degrees i.e.   y then the first digit in y
equals. (Left to right).
4. If 2sin 2  4sin 4  6sin 6 ...180 sin180  90 cot no then the value of n is
5. If  4 cos 2
90  3  4 cos 2 270  3   tan 0 . Then  is
   
6. If cos   x  cos 2x  sin x sin 2x sec x  cos x sin 2x sec x  cos   x  . cos 2x then sum of
4  4 
2
possible integral values of sec x is
  
7. If 2sin2  cos 2 x   1  cos   sin2 2x  , x   2n  1 ,n  I then the value of 8cos 4x  equals
2  2
 where   is GIF 
 y  x sin y
8. If tan     tan3    than the value of lt equals
4 2 4 2 x  0 x
1 1 1
9. The sum of the series 0 0
 0 0
 ...  is cosecn0 , then
sin45 sin46 sin47 sin48 sin133 sin1340
0
the integer n is

10. Let fn    tan 1  sec 1  sec 21  sec 4 .... 1  sec 2n   , then
2
           
f2    f3    f4    f5  
 16   32   64   128 
ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTIONS CORRECT TYPE
sin4  cos 4  1
11. If   , then
a b ab
sin4  cos 4  sin4  cos 4 
A)  B) 
a2 b2 b2 a2
sin  cos 8 
8
1 a2
C)   3
D) sin4   2
a3 b3 a  b a  b
12. Consider three properties
(i) function is periodic (ii) function is either even(or) odd
(iii) function is bounded in its domain, then identify the function or functions having at least
two properties
 sin x 
A) f  x   cos x    ,   isG.I.F 
 4 
sin x  sin7x
B) g  x  
cos x  cos 7x
C) h  x   x  cos x   is fractional part function
D)   x   cos x  In sin x 
 
13. Let x, y, z   0,  are first three consecutive terms of an arithmetic progression such that
 2
1
cos x  cos y  cos z  1 and sin x  sin y  sin z  Then which is /are correct.
2
3 2
A) cot y   1 B) cos  x  y  
2 2
2 2
C) tan 2y  D) sin  x  y   sin  y  z   0
3
   3   5   cos 7  
14. Let f      cos   cos   cos   cos   cos   cos   cos    then
 8  8  8  8 
A) Number of solutions of f   = 0 in 0, 2 is 8
B) maximum value of f     R  is 1/8
C) maximum value of f     R  is 1/ 4
D) 8f  0   1

15. Which of the following hold(s) true when  
7
1 1
A) cos   cos 2  cos 3  B) cos  cos 2  cos 2 cos 3  cos 3 cos  
2 2
6 6
C)  cos r  1
r 1
D)  sin r  0
r 1
15 17
16. If , ,  be some angles in first quadrants, satisfies tan       and cos ec   then
8 8

A)      
2
B) cot   cot   cot   cot   cot   cot 
C) tan   tan   tan   tan  tan  tan 
D) tan  tan   tan  tan   tan  tan   1
17. If cot   tan   x and sec   cos   y , then

1
A) sin   cos   B) sin   tan   y
x
2 2 1 1
C)  x 2 y  3   xy 2  3  1 D)  x 2 y  3   xy 2  3  1
18. Which of the following functions have the maximum value unity?
6 1 1 
A) sin2 x  cos 2 x B)  sin x  cos x 
5 2 3 
C) cos 6 x  sin6 x D) cos 2 x  sin4 x
COMPREHENSION TYPE
Passage – I
3 1 3 3
In a ABC , If cos A cos Bcos C  and sin A.sinB.sinC  then on the basis of
8 8
above information, answer the following questions:
19. The value of tan A  tanB  tanC is

3 3 34 6 3 3 2
A) B) C) D)
3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1
20. The value of tan A tanB  tanB tanC  tanc tan A is

A) 5  4 3 B) 5  4 3 C) 6  3 D) 6  3
21. The angles of  ABC are

A) 45 0 , 30 0 ,105 0 B) 45 0 ,60 0 ,75 0 C) 45 0 , 45 0 ,90 0 D) 45 0 ,60 0 ,70 0
Passage – II
Any point P on a curve f  x, y   0 can be represented by x   cos , y   sin  where  is
distance from origin to P and XOP   in anticlockwise sense. 0    2
x2 y2
Ex : x   cos , y   sin  . Substituted in the equation   1 admits
a 2 b2
a 2 b2
2  . Using this approach answer the following questions
b cos   a 2 sin2 
2 2
2 2
22. If P  x, y  lies on the curve x  y  2x  2y  1  0 , then max .x 2  y 2  
0 0
1 1
A) tan2 360 B) cot 2 22 C) sin2 180 D) sin2 37
2 2
2 2
23. If x =  cos , y   sin  lies on the curve 3x  4y 12  0 , then the minimum value of  is
_____ units
3 5 1
A) 3 B) 2 C) D)
2 2
24. Max.x  y  Min.xy given P  x, y  lies on x2  y2  25 is ________________

5 2 10 2  25 2 2 5 5 2  20
A) B) C) D)
5 2 8 4
MATRIX MATCHING TYPE
25.
Column – I Column – II
A If sin   3sin    2  then the value of P 0
 
tan       2tan  is      ,   
 2 2
B If p sin   q cos   a and p cos   q sin   b Then Q 1
pa qb 8
 is equal to
q b pa
C The value of the expression R sec 
 2 10  3 5
cos cos cos  sin sin sin is
7 7 7 14 14 14
D  5 7 S 1
sin .sin .sin is equal to 
18 18 18 4
T tan 
Column – I Column – II
Maximum and minimum values of
 
A) 5 cos   3cos      3 for all real  are P) 2    24
 3
 and  respectively

   
B) 1  sin      2cos     for all real  Q)    6
 4   4 
are  and  respectively
In an acute angled triangle ABC the least

C) values of  sec A and  Tan2 A are  R)  6
and  respectively
 7  6 tan   tan2   / 1  tan2  
D)  S)     10
(for all    2n  1 ,n  Z )
real are
2
respectively  and 
T) 2    2
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
KEY
1. C 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. B
8. B 9. D 10. A 11. C 12. A 13. B 14. C
15. B 16. A 17. B 18. C 19. A 20. A 21. B
22. A 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. A
29. B 30. B
1. A 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. B
8. D 9. D 10. A 11. B 12. A 13. A 14. D
15. A 16. C 17. D 18. B 19. A 20. B 21. C
22. C 23. B 24. B 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. A
29. B 30. A
1. C 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. D 6. D 7. A
8. B 9. D 10. B 11. B 12. D 13. B 14. A
15. C 16. D 17. A 18. D 19. B 20. A 21. C
22. A 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. B 27. B 28. B
29. B 30. B
1. D 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. D 6. A 7. B
8. B 9. C 10. A 11. B 12. B 13. D 14. B
15. C 16. B 17. C 18. A 19. D 20. C 21. A
22. B 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. C 28. B
29. A 30. D
1. D 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C
8. B 9. B 10. B 11. B 12. A 13. B 14. C
15. A 16. C 17. C 18. C 19. A 20. A 21. C
22. B 23. B 24. C 25. B 26. B 27. B 28. B
29. C 30. C
1. B 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. C
8. B 9. C 10. C 11. B 12. B 13. B 14. D
15. A 16. B 17. D 18. C 19. C 20. A 21. A
22. D 23. C 24. B 25. B 26. B 27. A 28. B
29. C 30. C
1. 8 2. 1 3. 3 4. 4 5. 7 6. 4 7. 9
8. 8 9. 8 10. 3 11. CD 12. AD 13. ABC 14. BC
15. ABCD 16. ABCD 17. AB 18. ABCD 19. AB 20. BC 21. C
22. B 23. C 24. B 25. C 26. B
1. A 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. A 6. C 7. A
8. D 9. AD 10. BCD 11. ACD 12. ABD 13. ABC 14. ABCD
15. BC 16. ABCD 17. D 18. D 19. A 20. B 21. C
22. A 23. A–s;B–r;C–q;D–p 24. A–p;B–p;C–r;D–q
25. A–s;B–p;C–r;D–q
1. 3 2. 1 3. 8 4. 1 5. 9 6. 3 7. 4
8. 3 9. 1 10. 4 11. ACD 12. AB 13. AB 14. ABD
15. ABCD 16. ABD 17. ABC 18. ABCD 19. A 20. B 21. B
22. B 23. A 24. B 25. A – P, B – P,C- S, D – Q
26. A–r;B–q;C–p ;D–s
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
AT A GLANCE
 
180  180 
1. 1 radian    7   57 16'45'' (approx)
  22 
  22 
2. 1  radian    radian  0.01746 radian
180  7  180 
D G 2R
3.  
90 100 
4. sin2   cos 2   1
2 2
5. 1  tan2   sec2   sec   tan   1   sec   tan   sec   tan   1
1
 sec   tan  
sec   tan 
6. 1  cot 2   cos ec 2    cos ec  cot  cos ec  cot   1
1
 cos ec  cot  
cos ec  cot 
7. sec 2  cosec2   sec2 .cosec 2 
8. tan2  sin2  tan2. sin2;
cot2  cos2  cot2 cos2
9. sin2  cos4  1  sin2 cos2  sin4  cos2
10. sin4  cos4  1  2 sin2 cos2
11. sin6  cos6  1  3 sin cos2

12. sin (A+B) = sinA cosB + cosA sinB
13. sin (A-B) = sinA cosB – cosA sinB
14. cos (A-B) = cosA cosB – sinA sinB
15. cos(A-B) = cosA cosB + sinA sinB
tan A  tanB
16. tan  A  B  
1  tan A tanB
tan A  tanB
17. tan  A  B 
1  tan A tanB
18. sin  A  B  sin  A  B  2sin A cos B
19. sin  A  B  sin  A  B  2cos A sinB

20. cos  A  B  cos  A  B  2cos A cos B
21. cos  A  B  cos  A  B  2sin AsinB
22. cos  A  B  cos  A  B  2sin A sinB.
CD CD
23. sinC  sinD  2sin .cos
2 2
CD CD
24. sinC  sinD  2cos .sin
2 2
CD CD
25. cos C  cos D  2cos .cos
2 2
CD DC
26. cos C  cos D  2sin .sin
2 2
27. sin  A  B sin  A  B  sin2 A  sin2 B  cos 2 B  cos 2 A
28. cos  A  B cos  A  B  cos2 A  sin2 B  cos2 B  sin2 A
tan2 A  tan2 B
29. tan  A  B  tan  A  B  
1  tan2 A tan2 B
30. If A  B  45 or 225 then 1  tan A 1  tanB  2
31. If A  B  C  
i) tan A  tanB  tanC  tan A  tanB  tanC
A B B C C A
ii) tan  tan  tan  tan  tan  tan  1
2 2 2 2 2 2
iii) cot A cot B  cot Bcot C  cot Ccot A  1
A B C A B C
iv) cot  cot  cot  cot  cot  cot
2 2 2 2 2 2
v) sin2A  sin2B  sin2C  4sinA sinBsinC
vi) cos2A  cos2B  cos2C  1  4 cosA cosB cosC
A B C
vii) sinA  sinB  sinC  4cos cos cos
2 2 2
A B C
viii) cosA  cosB  cosC  1  4sin sin sin
2 2 2
A B C A B C
ix) sin2  sin2  sin2  1  2sin sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
32. i) sin  A1  A2  ...  A n   cos A1 cos A2 ...cos An  S1  S3  S5  S7  ...
ii) cos  A1  A2  ...  An   cos A1 cos A2...cos A n 1  S2  S4  S6  ...
S1  S3  S5  S7  ...
iii) tan  A1  A 2  ...  A n  
1  S2  S4  S6  ...
where S1  tan A1  tan A2  ...  tan A n  Sum of tangents taken one at a time.
S2  tan A1 tan A 2  tan A1 tan A 3  ...  Sum of the tangents taken two at a
time.
S3  tan A1 tan A2 tan A3  tan A 2 tan A3 tan A 4  ...  Sum of the tangents
taken three at a time and so on.
2tan A
33. sin 2A  2sin A cos A 
1  tan2 A
1  tan2 A
34. cos 2A  cos 2 A  sin2 A  2cos2 A  1  1  2sin2 A 
1  tan2 A
2tan A
35. tan2A 
1  tan2 A
36. 1  cos 2A  2cos 2 A
37. 1  cos 2A  2sin2 A
38. sin3A  3sin A  4sin3 A
39. cos 3A  4cos 3 A  3 cos A
3 tan A  tan3 A
40. tan 3A 
1  3 tan2 A
41. i) cot A  tan A  2cos ec2A
ii) cot A  tan A  2cot 2A
   
42. If   60 or 120 or 240 or 300 .
1
i) sin  sin     sin       sin3
4
1
ii) cos  cos      cos       cos 3
4
iii) tan  tan     tan      tan3
sin  2n  
43. cos .cos 2 .cos 4 ....cos  2n1   
2n sin 
44. If 0    180 , then 2  2  2  ... 2 1  cos   there being ' n ' number of 2’s equal to
  
2cos  n 
2 
 n 
sin  
45. sin   sin       sin    2   ...  sin     n  1    2  sin  2   n  1  
  
sin  2 
2
 n 
sin  
46. cos   cos       cos    2   ...  cos     n  1     2  cos  2   n  1  
  
sin  2 
2
47. The extreme values of a cos x  bsin x  c
Min  c  a 2  b2 Max  c  a 2  b2
Range  c  a 2  b2 , c  a 2  b2 
 
48. The minimum value of i) a 2 sin2 x  b2 cos ec2 x ii) a 2 tan2 x  b2 cot 2 x
iii) a 2 cos 2 x  b2 sec 2 x is 2ab, Range: 2ab,  
49. The extreme value of a sin2 x  b sin x cos x  c cos 2 x
2
ac b2   a  c 
Min  
2 2
2
ac b2   a  c 
Max  
2 2
2
50. The minimum value of a 2 sec 2 x  b2 cos ec 2 x is  a  b
2  b
Range:  a  b  ,   and it has minimum at x  tan 1 
   a 
 
 
51. If A, B, C,   0, 
 2
i)  sin  
3  3 
ii)  cos  
3  3 
iii)  tan  
3  3 
3 1
52. i) sin15   cos 75   cos105
2 2
3 1
cos15   sin 75  sin105
ii) 2 2
iii) tan15  2  3
iv) tan75  2  3
5 1
53. i) sin18 
4
1
ii) cos18  10  2 5
4
5 1
iii) cos 36   sin54
4

1 2 1
54. i) sin22 
2 2 2

1 2 1
ii) cos 22 
2 2 2

1 2 1
iii) tan 22
2

2 1
  
2 1

1
iv) cot 22  2 1
2
A A
55. If S  sin and C  cos then
2 2
i) S  C   1  sinA
ii) S  C   1  sinA
A
iii) 2sin   1  sin A  1  sin A
2
A
iv) 2cos   1  sin A  1  sin A
2
 A 3
v) S  C  0,S  C  0 If  
4 2 4
3 A 5
vi) S  C  0,S  C  0 If  
4 2 4
5 A 7
vii) S  C  0,S  C  0 If  
4 2 4
 A 
viii) S  C  0,S  C  0 If  
4 2 4
______________________________________________________________________________________________

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TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS AND IDENTITIES

JEE (Advanced) Syllabus

Trigonometric functions, their periodicity and graphs, addition and subtraction

2. Learn the Skills 45

3. Join the Main

concepts we now refer to as trigonometry.

1'  60 seconds   60"

Thus, 1 right angle  100 grades   100 g 

1 grade  100 minutes   100'

1 minute  100 seconds   100"

Since a radian is chosen as the unit of measurement of an angle, therefore it should be a

Radian is a constant angle.

Relation Between Degrees and Radians

Relation Between Three Systems of Measurement of An Angle

TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS (RATIOS)

DOMAIN AND RANGES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Function Domain Range

It follows from the above discussion that

ii) cos .sec   1

iii) tan .cot   1

iv) sin2   cos 2   1

  sec   tan  sec   tan   1

vi) 1  cot 2   cos ec 2 

  cosec  cot  cosec  cot   1

vii) sec 2   co sec 2   sec 2 .co sec 2 

xi) sin6  cos6  1  3 sin cos2

xii) sin2 x  co sec 2 x  2

Values of trigonometric ratios of Some Standard Acute Angles

Signs of Trigonometrical Ratios Based on Quadrants

VARIATIONS IN VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS IN DIFFERENT QUADRANTS

III QUADRANT IV QUADRANT

cos  decreases from -1 to 0 cos  increases from 0 to 1

tan increases from 0 to  tan increases from -  to 0

cot  decreases from  to 0 cot  decreases from 0 to - 

cosec  decreases from -  to -1 cosec  decreases from -1 to 

cos  , cot  , cosec  are decreasing functions.

TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF ALLIED ANGLES

Ex: Find the values of the following trigonometric ratios:

Sol: i) sin 315  sin  90  3  45 

Since 315 lies in the IVth quadrant in which sine function is

ii) cos 210  cos  90   2  30   .

Since 210 is in the IIIrd quadrant in which cosine function is

Since 480 is in the IIrd quadrant in which cosine function is

Clearly, 1125  lies in the first quadrant. The multiple of 90

ii) cosA  sinB

Supplementary angles and Angles in a triangle

iv) sin  A  B  sinC

vi) tan  A  B   tanC

vii) cot  A  B   cot C

ii) cos 1  cos  2  ...  cos  n  n , n  N  cos 1  cos  2  ...  cos  n  1

ii) sin  A  B  sin  A  B  2cos A sinB

iii) cos  A  B  cos  A  B  2cos A cos B

iv) cos  A  B  cos  A  B   2sin A sinB

v) cos  A  B  cos  A  B  2sin AsinB.

3. i) sin  A  B sin  A  B  sin2 A  sin2 B  cos2 B  cos2 A

ii) cos  A  B cos  A  B  cos2 A  sin2 B  cos2 B  sin2 A

cos   sin  1  tan 

STANDARD RESULTS BASED ON COMPOUND ANGLES

ii) sin   sin  240    sin  240    0

iii) cos   cos 120    cos 120    0