JABATAN REKABENTUK DAN KOMUNIKASI VISUAL

DIPLOMA IN PRINT MEDIA TECHNOLOGY

DVP30153: DIGITAL PRINTING

SURVEY AND RESEARCH

NAME : NUR FATIN NAJWA BINTI MUHAMAD ARIFFIN

MATRIKS ID:19DMC20F1017

CLASS :DMC3A
NAME OF LECTURER :HAZWANI BINTI HASHIM

SESI 1 2021/2022
EXPLAIN THE DIGITAL PRINTING REVOLUTION

When compared to the history of printing as a whole, digital print has a very brief
history, going back at least to 1439, when German businessman Johannes Gutenberg
invented a press that began the mass manufacturing of books.

In the mid ‘80s, laser printers first started to appear in offices. The technology had
been developed for a couple of decades, but the size and cost of the technology meant
that they were only used in a handful of companies before the mid ‘80s. Xerox, Canon,
Apple, HP, IBM and others quickly brought laser printers onto the market.

In mid-late ‘80s Desktop publishing emerges.To go with the new hardware, software
was developed that enabled businesses and consumers to print and publish their own
digital files. For the first time, offices could quickly and cheaply print files and make
simple changes to page layouts, without having to ask a professional company to do it
for them. However, print remained extremely costly, and few companies could afford
to print in-house.

In 1988, Hewlett Packard marketed an first inkjet for home use. Although the
technology had been around for a decade or so, this was the first time that it was
successfully sold as a consumer product. During the technology’s development, there
had been numerous technical hurdles to overcome, including improving ink efficiency,
preventing the nozzle from becoming clogged with dried ink and controlling the flow
of ink to the page. Print companies introduced liquid ink cartridges – a key
improvement to the technology that really allowed it to excel. HP’s DeskJet printer
went on the market for $1,000

In the early 1990s, the first digital printing presses were introduced to the market.
Each picture in digital printing is created by assembling a sophisticated combination
of numbers and mathematical formulas. These images are captured from a matrix of
dots known as pixels, a process known as digitising. To duplicate the data, the
digitised pictures are then employed to regulate the deposition of ink, toner, or
exposure to electromagnetic radiation.A colour management system is used in digital
printing to ensure that images appear the same no matter where they are printed.
Indigo, the world's first digital colour printing press, was introduced in 1993. It
caused an instant shift in the printing sector, allowing clients to pick short-run,
personalised, high-quality print directly from their desktop.The printing press series
takes its name from a firm founded in 1977 by Benny Landa to build the world's
fastest photocopier. Landa later found that the photocopier ink, known as ElectroInk,
could also be utilised in printers. ElectroInk employs small colour particles suspended
in imaging oil known as Isopar, which can be attracted or repelled by a voltage
differential. On the paper's surface, the ink forms a thin, smooth plastic layer.

Benny Landa famously stated in 1983 that within ten years, half of all printing will be
done digitally. Seventeen years later, digital printing accounts for around 10% of all
printing. The quality of digital printing has rapidly improved to the point that there is
now almost no difference in quality between offset and digital printing. Most printers
today believe they are disadvantaged if they do not provide digital printing.

In 2000, Hewlett Packard made a $100 million investment in Indigo, representing

13% of the company's outstanding shares. A year later, on September 6, HP
announced that it would buy the remaining shares for $629 million.

While all the major technological leaps were made in the ‘80s and ‘90s, the
technology continues to develop today. Printers continue to become faster, cheaper
and capable of printing higher quality images than ever before. Today’s offices tend
to feature multifunction printers, which combine the functionality of a laser printer
with a photocopier, fax machine and scanner. However, the running costs remain high
and are often a barrier to a company’s print plans. This is where print management
comes in. Our network of contacts in the printing industry enables us to find you the
best deals on print. We can help you find significant savings on your everyday print
bills. Book a free print inspection to get started.
In now days,according to a Smithers Pira analysis titled "The Future of Digital versus
Offset Printing through 2024," digital print's overall market production increased to
17.4 percent in 2019 from 13.5 percent in 2014. It also projects that technological
advancements and fluctuations in industry demand would boost its market share to
21% by 2024.

"Digital allows brand owners to print beverage cans on demand, with lead times
measured in days or weeks," Rob Day explains. "Before digital, brands had to plan
ahead of time for consumption, procure, and store their cans for several months."
Brand owners save inventory, storage space, and waste (we hear a lot of tales about
companies over-ordering and having to discard empty cans) with digital, and they can
keep up when demand surpasses expectations."

However, there are still a number of practical issues to address, not the least of which
is throughput. "Offset decorators are incorporated into beverage can production lines
that produce over 2000 cans per minute," for example. The present speed of digital
systems is roughly 100 cpm."

However, we should no longer consider digital printing to be just suitable for short-
run projects, as this may have been the case in the past. UV inkjet technology may be
used to perform longer-run projects that previously could only be completed using
traditional methods.

Today's inkjet solutions, in fact, are the ideal technology for many of its proponents,
providing greater flexibility, quicker printing speeds, improved image quality, and,
not least, the ability to print on a considerably larger variety of substrates
.
Of course, changing customer tastes are impacting how digital print services are
evolving and will continue to evolve in the future. In recent years, we've seen a surge
in the desire for personalization as well as a rising interest in specialised markets. This
tendency is here to stay, since e-commerce has broadened the playing field and given
customers a taste for more variety and flexibility. Indeed, the Covid-19 outbreak has
only added to this, since the global lockdown has forced even those customers who
would not normally purchase online to reconsider their shopping habits.
Furthermore, in keeping with the theme of customisation and focused design,
selecting between traditional and digital printing isn't always straightforward. In fact,
despite its numerous advantages, many businesses no longer consider digital inkjet
printing to be the game-changer it once was, and that there are still advantages to
more traditional processes.

For one reason, the increase in the number of digital presses on the market has
coincided with substrate innovation. This mandates that substrate suppliers
collaborate closely with machinery makers to guarantee that materials are optimised
for each system's specific factors, which is far from straightforward and can take
months to perfect. However, we may anticipate a greater choice of options for more
complicated substrates in the future.Apart from the enthusiastic uptake of digital
beverage can decoration, which has "moved from technology conference topic to
commercial reality in just the last 18 months," as Rob Day puts it, there have also
been high-profile examples in recent years, such as the much-cited Owens-Illinois
solution for digital printing on glass.

While it is not quite accurate to argue that digital is the "holy grail" for all
applications, the speed and efficiency of this technology is always improving, and the
current machines are significantly better capable of handling a wider range of
substrates. We're not confident that digital will ever completely replace traditional
techniques – at least not in the near future – but with hybrid machines, brand owners
have more alternatives than ever before. For the industry, this is an exciting period.
DEFINE DIGITAL PRINTING
The method of printing digital-based images directly onto a variety of media
substrates is known as digital printing. Unlike offset printing, there is no requirement
for a printing plate. Digital files, such as PDF or desktop publishing files, can be
immediately transmitted to a digital printing machine to be printed on paper, photo
paper, canvas, fabric, synthetics, cardboard, and other substrates.

Digital printing refers to ways of printing directly from a digital-based image to a

range of mediums. Although many people experience it when they use a personal
printer at home to print simple documents or family photos from their computer, it
usually refers to professional, industrial level printing where small-run jobs from
desktop publishing and other computer controlled digital sources are printed using
large format or high-volume laser, LED, or inkjet printers.

Digital printing is more expensive per page than traditional offset printing processes,
however this expense is generally compensated by reducing the cost of all the
technical stages necessary to create printing plates. It also supports on-demand
printing, quick turnaround times, and picture adjustments (variable data) for each
impression. Because of labour savings and digital presses' ever-increasing capabilities,
digital printing is on its way to matching or surpassing offset printing technology's
capacity to generate massive print runs of several thousand sheets at a cheap cost.

Images to be printed on a digital press are electronically transmitted to a belt, a drum

or drums, or a blanket. There are no plates to be used, no ink to be washed and
changed, and no make-ready time. It is possible to transition from one job to another,
or from one component of a work to another, in a very short period of time. These
properties provide digital presses a lot of versatility, and each sheet that comes out of
the press can be unique. Furthermore, because the ink does not need to dry, digitally
printed items may be "finished" (coated, guillotined, bound, etc.) instantly.

The main players in the market these days are as follows.Firstly Indigo, now owned
by Hewlett Packard (HP, thus HP-Indigo). There are many models. They are sheet fed,
and use liquid toner. All other digital presses use toner in the form of fine powder. All
digital press manufacturers make colour presses and with the exception of Xeikon,
presses to be used only for black and white. Many manufacture presses for specialist
applications such as for label printing.

Secondly,Xeikon. There are a great many Xeikon presses in Europe and the USA, but
only a few in Australia. Paper comes on reels, and the availability of a wide range of
paper stock has always been an issue in this country. This is a great pity, as the reel
fed nature of the Xeikon give advantages of speed and variety of formats over
conventional sheet fed presses.

Next,Xerox, represented in Australia by Fuji Xerox. Xerox make a vast range of sheet
fed presses from small entry level devices up to the iGen 3 and iGen4 industrial
strength machines.

Fourthly, Kodak make the NexPress. The NexPress, a sheet fed press, was originally
developed in co-operation with German offset press manufacturer Heidelberg, who
sold their interest in the machine to Kodak. There are several models. They are vast,
heavy, serious industrial strength machines with some unique capabilities, including
some remarkable coating options.

Fiftly,Canon are reasonably recent entrants into the world of high end, industrial
strength digital presses. They now offer a range of sheet fed presses, one of which has
some interesting coating capabilities.Next is Konica Minolta make range of sheetfed
digital presses which are gaining an increasing market share thanks to excellent
performance and reasonable cost.

Last but not least,Océ manufacture a range of colour and black and white digital
presses which are gaining increasing acceptance in the marketplace. Océ are
particularly strong in the black and white market.There are a number of other
manufacturers but the brands listed above would account for the vast majority of
digital presses in operation in Australia today.

For a decade or so, very high speed inkjet technology has been touted as “the next big
thing” in digital printing and one or two manufacturers have placed a great deal of
faith in the industry developing in this direction. Quality has always been the issue,
and to date inkjet technology is restricted to such applications as the printing of
statements in the financial sector.
DISCUSS THE CRITERIA IN CHOOSING THE BEST PRINTING
TECHNIQUE FOR PRODUCT SUCH AS:
a) BANNER
To print banner I suggest can use Canon Large Format Inkjet Printer a digital
printer.From household-name photography brand Canon comes a high-quality.Tthis
product has a fast-acting printing capacity and can print 104 large-scale documents in
an hour. The touch screen interface provides easy operation, and the intuitive setup
process takes only about 20 minutes.It also cheaper low volume printing. While the
unit cost of each piece may be higher than with offset printing, when setup costs are
included digital printing provides lower per unit costs for very small print
runs.Variable Data Printing is a form of customizable digital printing. Using
information from a database or external file, text and graphics can be changed on each
piece without stopping or slowing down the press

Banners are made from specifically weighted material for either inside or outside use.
Inside use would include banners that hang on windows or from a ceiling or wall.
These tend to display marketing messages or can be used for events such as parties or
dances. The material used is thinner, to make it easier to display, and is not made to
be durable against outside forces such as strong winds and rain.

b) FLYER 50,000 PCS

For flyer I think the flyer can use offset lithography as the best printer.It is important
to distinguish the total number of sheets produced from the total number of copies
made. If 50,000 copies of one direct mail flyer need to be produced, that requires
printing 50,000 sheets and 50,000 copies.Offset printing makes sense for higher
volumes of copies, but not always higher volumes of total sheets.

I think this is the best printer for flyer because Consistent high image quality. Offset
printing produces sharp and clean images and type more easily than, for example,
letterpress printing; this is because the rubber blanket conforms to the texture of the
printing surface.Offset lithography also quick and easy production of printing plates.

Offset printing utilizes aluminum based plates, or plates made from a similar metallic
material. For every color during the printing process a separate metal plate has to be
used. Each plate has to be laser etched using information from a digital file of the
image. The plate is attached to a roller, known as the plate cylinder, which will
transfer ink to another cylinder with rubber sheet known as a blanket, which then rolls
the ink onto paper, vinyl or whatever print material is being used.

Offset printing gets its name because the ink used is not directly transferred to the
sheet paper, but is offset onto another cylinder before being applied to paper. Before
printing can begin, an initial warmup run on scrap paper must be done to ensure that
the metal plates are inked properly.
It is important to distinguish the total number of sheets produced from the total
number of copies made. If 50,000 copies of one direct mail flyer need to be produced,
that requires printing 50,000 sheets and 50,000 copies.Offset printing makes sense for
higher volumes of copies, but not always higher volumes of total sheets.

c) BOOKS 30 PCS
I think book can use digital printer.The digital files to be printed are electronically
sent directly to the press for output, books may be produced using digital printing.
The ink is then applied directly to the paper by the press in a single pass. The ability
to print without plates is the fundamental advantage of digital printing since it saves
time and money on plate fabrication, which is advantageous for shorter production
runs.
I think this is the best printing technique because the manner of manufacturing will
be determined by the quantity of volumes required. In general, for small production
runs, digital printing will be the most cost-effective option. Offset printing, on the
other hand, becomes the more cost-effective production process as the order quantity
grows.

d) TSHIRT 10 PCS (FULL COLOUR)

10 t-shirts to be printed I believe we can use direct-to-garment printing the digital
printer, since it is the most cost-effective technique to print a few shirts. Direct-to-
garment printing offers a wide variety of colour selections and may be used for both
detailed and broad designs.
For the more,I think this is the best printing to use because quick printing method but
a quality one.Direct-to-garment accuracy and high-quality outcomes, water-based,
making it eco-friendly, and the ability to use computer tools to develop design.Direct-
to-garment a lot more environmentally friendly than some of the other printing
methods out there.

CONCLUSION
To conclude, digital printing has evolved through time to become the greatest printer
and most valuable to us. As we can see from the previous year, digital printing only
had a few functions that we could use and pick to print something, but today digital
printing can print on any material.
REFERENCE
1) https://packagingeurope.com/printing-tech-the-digital-revolution-continues/
2) https://midwestworld.com/7-advantages-of-direct-to-garment-printing/
3) https://bizfluent.com/way-5255872-printer-use-business-cards-flyers.html
4) https://www.ldproducts.com/blog/pros-cons-of-inkjet-and-laser-printers/
5) https://www.rtings.com/printer/reviews/best/by-usage/small-business
6) https://www.bbrgraphics.com/news/history-digital-print/
7) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W5ZmeBnscUo
8) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZEjsV4s5OdA