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Maxima and Minima: Group A

The document discusses maxima and minima of functions. It defines that a maximum point is where a function's value is greater than or equal to its value at all other points in its domain. A minimum point is where a function's value is less than or equal to its value at all other points. It provides examples of finding the maxima and minima of functions containing one and two variables by taking derivatives. It also gives examples of applications of maxima and minima in engineering and medicine.

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Anagha
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44 views22 pages

Maxima and Minima: Group A

The document discusses maxima and minima of functions. It defines that a maximum point is where a function's value is greater than or equal to its value at all other points in its domain. A minimum point is where a function's value is less than or equal to its value at all other points. It provides examples of finding the maxima and minima of functions containing one and two variables by taking derivatives. It also gives examples of applications of maxima and minima in engineering and medicine.

Uploaded by

Anagha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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M AX I MA A N D

M IN IM A
Group A
Concepts and
Definitions
A real-valued function f defined on a domain X
has a global (or absolute) maximum point at x∗, if
f(x∗) ≥ f(x) for all x in X.

Similarly, the function has a global (or absolute)


minimum point at x∗, if f(x∗) ≤ f(x) for all x in X.
The value of the function at a maximum point is called
the maximum value of the function, denoted ,
and the value of the function at a minimum point
is called the minimum value of the function
Definitions
Maxima
the two types of
a is Maxima which
the Critical Points
argest value in any
domain.

cal Maxima/Relative
Maxima
and
Maxima/Absolute
Minima
One of the two types of Extrema
Minima .
Minima, point at which the value of
function is less than or equal to
he value at any nearby point
ocal minimum) or at any point
absolute minimum); see extremum.

Types- Local Minima and


Global Minima
Absolute Minima
Relative Minima
Steps to find the Maxima
and Minima of a function
containing only one
variable
Let's see an example to understand how to find the maxima
and minima a function of one variable:

Find the maxima and minima for:


y = 5x^3 + 2x^2 − 3x

First we find the derivative (slope) which is:


dy/dx = 15x^2 + 4x − 3

Which is quadratic with zeros at:

x = −3/5 (Put 15x^2+ 4x − 3 = 0 to


x = +1/3 find these values)
Now to find if they are maxima or minima,
find the second derivative,
The second derivative is:

y'' = 30x + 4

At x = −3/5:
y'' = 30(−3/5) + 4 = −14
it is less than 0, so −3/5 is a local maximum
At x = +1/3:
y'' = 30(+1/3) + 4 = +14
it is greater than 0, so +1/3 is a local minimum

Steps to find the Maxima


and Minima of a function
containing two variables
lets see how with the help
of an example
Real Life Applications of
Maxima & Min
REAL LIFE APPLICATION
To an engineer – The maximum

and the minimum
values of a function can be used to determine its
boundaries in real-life. For example, if you can find a
suitable function for the speed of a train; then
determining the maximum possible speed of the train
can help you choose the materials that would be strong
enough to withstand the pressure due to such high
speeds, and can be used to manufacture the brakes
and the rails etc. for the train to run smoothly.
To a doctor – The maximum and the minimum
values of the function describing the total
thyroid level in the bloodstream can be used to
determine the dosage the doctor needs to
prescribe to different patients to bring their
thyroid levels to normal.
Now whats a real life example
with questiom .....................
Practical Example of Maxima and Minima
CONSTRAINED MAXIMA
AND MINIMA
Having discussed the determination of local maxima and local
minima for a function, f(x, y, ...), of several independent variables,
we shall now consider that an additional constraint is imposed in
the form of a relationship, g(x, y, ...) = 0.

This would occur, for example, if we wished to construct a container


with the largest possible volume for a fixed value of the surface
area. This would occur, for example, if we wished to construct a
container with the largest possible volume for a fixed value of the
surface area
Thank
you .,
kisne
kyaa
bnaaya

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