Princess Ann Nicolas - Midterm Lectures

Nicolas, Princess Ann Santos
11 - STEM 11
Practical Research 1
LESSON 1 : NATURE OF INQUIRY AND RESEARCH

WHEN IS REASEARCH A RESEARCH?
 Research is not just about gathering of information.
 Review of Literature is done in research
 We are paraphrasing or citing info from books or article.
 Research is not reviewing of facts to validate its legitimacy
 Research is not only about transportation of facts from one location to another.
 It needs a careful investigation and it also interprets the fact.
 Research is not a catch word used to get attention.
 Research is not all about interviewing expert and professionals.
 Research originates from a problem.
 Research is not all about reviewing expert and professionals.
 We don’t just need to cite famous people/organization to say that our information is
right.
WHAT IS RESEARCH THEN?

 Research originates from a problem
- Research will not end when the problem is solved. Research is a series of problem.
 Research is goal-oriented that requires clear articulations of objectives.
 Research requires scientific plan and execution.
 Research requires collection of data with interpretations
 Concludes only base on the result of the study
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INQUIRY AND RESEARCH

 Inquiry is define a way of asking questions to obtain knowledge.
 Research has the same process of inquiry
 Inquiry is a part of research
 The key distinction between inquiry and research is that inquiry and research is a
method that seeks to increase knowledge, overcome concerns, or solve a problem, and
research is a structured work systematically conducted to increase information stocks.
RESEARCH
 Problem with goals that follow a scientific process supported with interpretative data
which only concludes based in result.
⁃ Costs money to conduct thorough investigation in field or in laboratory
⁃ Ex. Research of how to treat COVID-19
PRACTICAL RESEARCH
 Also a research but deals only with day-to-day basis that enables to be done in a span of
short time
-But most of the time, it requires time and effort to come up with the result.
-Ex. - Number of Covid-19 positive cases every day per province.
LESSON 2 : QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
 By means of data (according to Crossman, 2020)
 Qualitative Research ⁃ Type of social science research that collects and work with non-
numerical data.
 Quantitative Research ⁃ Type of research that uses numerical data to identify large-
scale trends and employs statistical operations to determine casual and correlative
relationship between variables.
 By means of literature (Nuqui, 2020)

 Qualitative Research - it showcases ‘blank spot’ where in the related literature
available in your research topic is ‘limited’ that enables you to generate new idea or
theory.
 Quantitative Research - it enables your literature to have a ‘blind spot’ wherein there
are contradicting information resulting to a ‘gap’ so you will identifying the
accountability and rejectability of the information based on your own finding.
 Natural Science - is the science of naturally occuring objects or phenomenon such as

life object matters, earth, celestial bodies of the human body.
- Ex. Physics, Earth Science (Quantitative Research)
 Social Science - It is the science of people or collection of people, such as groups, firms,
societies, or economics and their individual or collective behavior.
- Ex. Psychology, Sociology (Qualitative Research)
LESSON 3 : QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

 Requires non-numerical data
 Non-measurable
 Uses words to express the result/ verbal interpretation
 Deals with thoughts, beliefs, feelings, views and lifestyle
RESEARCH DESIGN
 Qualitative
 Quantitative
RESEARCH METHOD
 Descriptive
 Experimental
 Descriptive research ⁃ Descriptive Research is defined as a research method that

describes the characteristics of the population or the phenomenon studied. This
methodology focuses more in the what of the research subject than the why of the
research subject.
Descriptive Method and its Types
1. Descriptive Case Study
 Case studies involve in depth research and study of individuals or groups. Case studies
lead to a hypothesis and widen a further scope of studying a phenomenon.
 The information gathered from investigating a case study may be generalized to serve
the larger group. This generalization, may however, be risky because case studies are
not sufficient to make accurate predictions about larger groups. Case studies are a poor
case of generalization.
2. Descriptive Survey
 Survey research allow you to gather larger volumes of data that can be analyzed for
frequencies averages and patterns. Common uses of surveys includes:
 Gauging public opinions on political and social topics
 Evaluating satisfaction with a company’s products of an organization’s services.
3. Descriptive Comparative Study

 Comparing 2 variables and establishing a formal procedure to conclude that one is
better than the other.
4. Descriptive Correlational Study

 Explaining the relationship between two or more variables.
5. Descriptive Trace Study

 It follows up the development of certain conditions of particular sets of people
6. Descriptive Trends and Projection Study

 Studies in line to marketing and business proposal
7. Descriptive Documentary Study

 Documents are reviewed by the analyst to assess a topic.
Experimental Research
 Most prestigious and sophisticated method because it is costly
 Observes the cause and effect of variables
 There’s always hypotheses involved.
One-shot Case Study

 A type of pre-experimental design where a single group of test units is exposed to on
experimental treatment and a single measurement is taken afterwards.
One Group Pretest- Post est

 It is a most often utilized by behavioral researchers to determine the effect of treatment
or intervention on a given sample.
Static Group Comparison

 Two groups are chosen, one of which receives the treatment and the other does not. A
post test score is then determined the measure the difference between the groups.
True Control Group Pretest - Post test
 We have two groups, “R” will represent the randomization, meaning before the
beginning of the experiment, you are able to randomize the participants/ subject of you
experiment equivalency into the two groups to ensure that there’s no significant
difference between the two groups.
LESSON 4 : IDENTIFYING INQUIRY AND STATING THE PROBLEM
WHY RESEARCH REQUIRES AN INDIVIDUAL TO READ?

 When we do not read critically, sometimes we have ideas in our minds, and we tend to
do it without checking out if it is original and we innocently commit stealing someone’s
opinion.
Sources of Questioning
 People
 Problem
 Program
 Phenomenon
Parts of Chapter 1
 Introduction ⁃ It is a careful presentation if the importance of the problem. It follows
the T.I.O.C. Pattern.
Writing of the T.I.O.C Approach.

 Trend ⁃ highlight the trends in the field
Ex. In the Philippines, a new trend in communication has energed that seens to have
established a part in the Filipino Culture. This is called anti-intellectualism or smart shaming.
A belief of mistrust or lacking knowledge and understanding of intellectual people are made
of because of their expression of intelligence (Sison, 2016)
 Issue ⁃ “Edi wow”, “Ikaw na ang magaling”, “Wow, deep!”, “Nosebleed ako, ah!” These
are some of the lines that one can usually hear when an intellectual person and an
average one is engaged in an interpersonal conversation. Such dialogues are
manifestation of mocking someone because if his knowledge or intellectual edge with
the one he or she is taking with (Pierae, 2018)
 Objective ⁃ State the overall objective/intent of the paper in the light of the identified
problem
 Contribution ⁃ Discuss the possible contribution of the research attempt to advancing

or improving research, practice, or policy.
Statement of the Problem (S.O.P.)
- The main objective of this study is to determine he impact of anti-intellectualism of smart
shaming to the interpersonal skills of the Grade 12 Students.
This study to provide answers for the following questions:
1. How may the respondents be described in term of:

1.1 Latest General Weighted Average;
1.2 Gender; and
1.3 Age?
2. What is the level of awareness of students in smart shaming of their school?
3. To what extent does smart shaming affect the students’ interpersonal skills in terms of:
3.1 Frequency; and
3.2 Words being used
4. Does smart-shaming affect the interpersonal skills if the grade “R”.
Scope and Delimitations

 Focus
 Respondents
 Time
 Place
Significance of the Study

 Orderly identification of beneficiaries of probable users of your research
Definition of Terms
 These are the terminologies of your paper. It could be operational or conceptual
definition.
 Operational - How the term is being used in the study/Term that is widely accepted
 Conceptual ⁃ Actual Definition / Own meaning idea
LESSON 5 : THE ART OF CITING, QUOTING, PARAPHRASING, AND
SUMMARIZING
Relevant Plagiarism
 The act of using another person’s words or ideas without giving credits to that specific
person.
It is considered academic dishonesty, an act of fraud.
 Plagiarism mean stealing someone’s idea and owning it as yours.
Types of Plagiarism
 Word for word plagiarism - every words was copied
 Paraphrasing plagiarism - same words, no citation
 Mosaic plagiarism - combining the idea of different authors without citation
 Source plagiarism ⁃ The act of referring to the author whose idea appear in your work.
⁃ It usually entails the addition of the author(s) and the date of the publication of similar
information.
Rules
 Rule 1: if you’re quoting the exact words of someone else, introduce the quote with an
in-text citation in parentheses.
 Rule 2: if you are directly quoting more than 40 words, use a blockquote
 Rule 3: citation with one author, you only need the author’s last name and the year.
 Rule 4: Citation with two authors: Connect both author’s last names with &, and include
the year.
 Rule 5: citation with three or more authors, if there are three or more authors use et al.
 Rule 6: Group authors, first time with an abbreviation.
Quoting
 The act of quoting is done if the author’s words convey a powerful meaning but you
cannot possibly say the information any better.
 Quoting is also preferable if you want to introduce an author’s position that you want to
discuss.
Procedures in Quoting (I.C.E.)

 Introduce your quotes by stating the author’s last name, any necessary background
information and a signal verb.
 Cite place every quotation between quotation marks (“ “) and copy the text word-for-
word, Including the text’s original punctuation and capital letters.
 Explain your quotations and not just purely copying it, provide an explanation or insight
as to why the quotation is important, or comment on the importance of quotations.
Paraphrasing
 The act of paraphrasing is done to avoid overdoing quoting.
 It is also done if you want to restore an authors idea into yours.
Procedures in Paraphrasing
 Read the text carefully. Be sure you absorb the text fully.
 Put the original text aside and write your paraphrase in your own words.
 Include an in-text citation in the expected formatting style.
Summarizing
 A summary is a shortened version of a larger reading
 A text is summarized and only the main ideas of a source are relevant to your paper and
the details and in an in-text distract, overwhelm, or confuse readers.
Procedure in Summarizing
 Start by reading the text and highlighting the main points as you read.
 Reread the text and make notes of the main points, leaving out examples, evidences,
and etc.
 Without the text, rewrite your notes in your own words.
 Restate the main idea at the beginning of your summary plus all your major points.
 Include the conclusion or the final findings of the work
 You can use transitional device
LESSON 6:

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Nicolas, Princess Ann Santos

LESSON 1 : NATURE OF INQUIRY AND RESEARCH

WHAT IS RESEARCH THEN?

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INQUIRY AND RESEARCH

 By means of literature (Nuqui, 2020)

 Natural Science - is the science of naturally occuring objects or phenomenon such as

LESSON 3 : QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

 Descriptive research ⁃ Descriptive Research is defined as a research method that

3. Descriptive Comparative Study

4. Descriptive Correlational Study

5. Descriptive Trace Study

6. Descriptive Trends and Projection Study

7. Descriptive Documentary Study

One-shot Case Study

One Group Pretest- Post est

Static Group Comparison

LESSON 4 : IDENTIFYING INQUIRY AND STATING THE PROBLEM

WHY RESEARCH REQUIRES AN INDIVIDUAL TO READ?

Writing of the T.I.O.C Approach.

 Contribution ⁃ Discuss the possible contribution of the research attempt to advancing

This study to provide answers for the following questions:

1. How may the respondents be described in term of:

2. What is the level of awareness of students in smart shaming of their school?

4. Does smart-shaming affect the interpersonal skills if the grade “R”.

Scope and Delimitations

Significance of the Study

 Plagiarism mean stealing someone’s idea and owning it as yours.

Procedures in Quoting (I.C.E.)

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