ANSWERS 261

ANSWERS

EXERCISE 1.1
−11
1. (i) 2 (ii)
28
−2 5 −6 2 19
2. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)
8 9 5 9 6
−1 −19 56 5
4. (i) (ii) (iii) 5 (iv) (v) (vi) –1
13 13 15 2
5. (i) 1 is the multiplicative identity (ii) Commutativity
(iii) Multiplicative inverse
− 96
6. 7. Associativity 8. No, because the product is not 1.
91
1 3 10
9. Yes, because 0.3 × 3 = × =1
3 10 3
10. (i) 0 (ii) 1 and (–1) (iii) 0
−1
11. (i) No (ii) 1, –1 (iii) (iv) x (v) Rational number
5
(vi) positive

EXERCISE 1.2
1. (i) (ii)

2.

1 −1
3. Some of these are 1, , 0, –1,
2 2
−7 − 6 −5 − 4 −3 −2 −1 1 2
4. , , , , , , , 0, ... , , (There can be many more such rational numbers)
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
41 42 43 44 45 −8 −7 1 2 9 10 11 12 13
5. (i) , , , , (ii) , , 0, , (iii) , , , ,
60 60 60 60 60 6 6 6 6 32 32 32 32 32
(There can be many more such rational numbers)

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3 −1 1
6. − , − 1, , 0, (There can be many more such rational numbers)
2 2 2
97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106
7. , , , , , , , , ,
160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160
(There can be many more such rational numbers)

EXERCISE 2.1
1. x = 9 2. y = 7 3. z = 4 4. x = 2 5. x = 2 6. t = 50
25 3 4 8
7. x = 27 8. y = 2.4 9. x = 10. y = 11. p = – 12. x = –
7 2 3 5

EXERCISE 2.2
3 2
1. 2. length = 52 m, breadth = 25 m 3. 1 cm 4. 40 and 55
4 5
5. 45, 27 6. 16, 17, 18 7. 288, 296 and 304 8. 7, 8, 9
9. Rahul’s age: 20 years; Haroon’s age: 28 years 10. 48 students
11. Baichung’s age: 17 years; Baichung’s father’s age: 46 years;
1
Baichung’s grandfather’s age = 72 years 12. 5 years 13 −
2
14. ` 100 → 2000 notes; ` 50 → 3000 notes; ` 10 → 5000 notes
15. Number of ` 1 coins = 80; Number of ` 2 coins = 60; Number of ` 5 coins = 20
16. 19

EXERCISE 2.3
3
1. x = 18 2. t = –1 3. x = –2 4. z = 5. x = 5 6. x = 0
2
7 4
7. x = 40 8. x = 10 9. y = 10. m =
3 5

EXERCISE 2.4
1. 4 2. 7, 35 3. 36 4. 26 (or 62)
5. Shobo’s age: 5 years; Shobo’s mother’s age: 30 years
6. Length = 275 m; breadth = 100 m 7. 200 m 8. 72
9. Grand daughter’s age: 6 years; Grandfather’s age: 60 years
10. Aman’s age: 60 years; Aman’s son’s age: 20 years

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EXERCISE 2.5
27
1. x = 2. n = 36 3. x = –5 4. x = 8 5. t = 2
10
7 2
6. m = 7. t = – 2 8. y = 9. z = 2 10. f = 0.6
5 3

EXERCISE 2.6
3 35 4
1. x = 2. x = 3. z = 12 4. y = – 8 5. y = –
2 33 5
13
6. Hari’s age = 20 years; Harry’s age = 28 years 7.
21

EXERCISE 3.1
1. (a) 1, 2, 5, 6, 7 (b) 1, 2, 5, 6, 7 (c) 1, 2
(d) 2 (e) 1
2. (a) 2 (b) 9 (c) 0 3. 360°; yes.
4. (a) 900° (b) 1080° (c) 1440° (d) (n – 2)180°
5. A polygon with equal sides and equal angles.
(i) Equilateral triangle (ii) Square (iii) Regular hexagon
6. (a) 60° (b) 140° (c) 140° (d) 108°
7. (a) x + y + z = 360° (b) x + y + z + w = 360°

EXERCISE 3.2
1. (a) 360° – 250° = 110° (b) 360° – 310° = 50°
360° 360°
2. (i) = 40° (ii) = 24°
9 15
360
3. = 15 (sides) 4. Number of sides = 24
24
5. (i) No; (Since 22 is not a divisor of 360)
(ii) No; (because each exterior angle is 180° – 22° = 158°, which is not a divisor of 360°).
6. (a) The equilateral triangle being a regular polygon of 3 sides has the least measure of an interior
angle = 60°.
(b) By (a), we can see that the greatest exterior angle is 120°.

EXERCISE 3.3
1. (i) BC(Opposite sides are equal) (ii) ∠ DAB (Opposite angles are equal)

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(iii) OA (Diagonals bisect each other)

(iv) 180° (Interior opposite angles, since AB || DC )
2. (i) x = 80°; y = 100°; z = 80° (ii) x = 130°; y = 130°; z = 130°
(iii) x = 90°; y = 60°; z = 60° (iv) x = 100°; y = 80°; z = 80°
(v) y = 112°; x = 28°; z = 28°
3. (i) Can be, but need not be.
(ii) No; (in a parallelogram, opposite sides are equal; but here, AD ≠ BC).
(iii) No; (in a parallelogram, opposite angles are equal; but here, ∠A ≠ ∠C).
4. A kite, for example 5. 108°; 72°; 6. Each is a right angle.
7. x = 110°; y = 40°; z = 30°
8. (i) x = 6; y = 9 (ii) x = 3; y = 13; 9. x = 50°
10. NM || KL (sum of interior opposite angles is 180°). So, KLMN is a trapezium.
11. 60° 12. ∠P = 50°; ∠S = 90°

EXERCISE 3.4
1. (b), (c), (f), (g), (h) are true; others are false.
2. (a) Rhombus; square. (b) Square; rectangle
3. (i) A square is 4 – sided; so it is a quadrilateral.
(ii) A square has its opposite sides parallel; so it is a parallelogram.
(iii) A square is a parallelogram with all the 4 sides equal; so it is a rhombus.
(iv) A square is a parallelogram with each angle a right angle; so it is a rectangle.
4. (i) Parallelogram; rhombus; square; rectangle.
(ii) Rhombus; square (iii) Square; rectangle
5. Both of its diagonals lie in its interior.
6. AD || BC; AB || DC . So, in parallelogram ABCD, the mid-point of diagonal AC is O.

EXERCISE 5.1
1. (b), (d). In all these cases data can be divided into class intervals.
2. Shopper Tally marks Number

W |||| |||| |||| |||| |||| ||| 28

M |||| |||| |||| 15

B |||| 5

G |||| |||| || 12

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3. Interval Tally marks Frequency

800 - 810 ||| 3

810 - 820 || 2

820 - 830 | 1

830 - 840 |||| |||| 9

840 - 850 |||| 5

850 - 860 | 1

860 - 870 ||| 3

870 - 880 | 1

880 - 890 | 1

890 - 900 |||| 4

Total 30

4. (i) 830 - 840 (ii) 10

(iii) 20

5. (i) 4 - 5 hours (ii) 34

(iii) 14

EXERCISE 5.2
1. (i) 200 (ii) Light music (iii) Classical - 100, Semi classical - 200, Light - 400, Folk - 300

2. (i) Winter (ii) Winter - 150°, Rainy - 120°, Summer - 90° (iii)
3.

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4. (i) Hindi (ii) 30 marks (iii) Yes 5.

EXERCISE 5.3
1. (a) Outcomes → A, B, C, D
(b) HT, HH, TH, TT (Here HT means Head on first coin and Tail on the second coin and so on).
2. Outcomes of an event of getting
(i) (a) 2, 3, 5 (b) 1, 4, 6
(ii) (a) 6 (b) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
1 1 4
3. (a) (b) (c)
5 13 7
1 1 2 9
4. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
10 2 5 10
3 4
5. Probability of getting a green sector = ; probability of getting a non-blue sector =
5 5
1 1
6. Probability of getting a prime number = ; probability of getting a number which is not prime =
2 2
1
Probability of getting a number greater than 5 =
6
5
Probability of getting a number not greater than 5 =
6

EXERCISE 6.1
1. (i) 1 (ii) 4 (iii) 1 (iv) 9 (v) 6 (vi) 9
(vii) 4 (viii) 0 (ix) 6 (x) 5
2. These numbers end with
(i) 7 (ii) 3 (iii) 8 (iv) 2 (v) 0 (vi) 2
(vii) 0 (viii) 0
3. (i), (iii) 4. 10000200001, 100000020000001
5. 1020304030201, 1010101012 6. 20, 6, 42, 43
7. (i) 25 (ii) 100 (iii) 144
8. (i) 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13
(ii) 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 17 + 19 + 21
9. (i) 24 (ii) 50 (iii) 198

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EXERCISE 6.2
1. (i) 1024 (ii) 1225 (iii) 7396 (iv) 8649 (v) 5041 (vi) 2116
2. (i) 6,8,10 (ii) 14,48,50 (iii) 16,63,65 (iv) 18,80,82

EXERCISE 6.3
1. (i) 1, 9 (ii) 4, 6 (iii) 1, 9 (iv) 5
2. (i), (ii), (iii) 3. 10, 13
4. (i) 27 (ii) 20 (iii) 42 (iv) 64 (v) 88 (vi) 98
(vii) 77 (viii) 96 (ix) 23 (x) 90
5. (i) 7; 42 (ii) 5; 30 (iii) 7, 84 (iv) 3; 78 (v) 2; 54 (vi) 3; 48
6. (i) 7; 6 (ii) 13; 15 (iii) 11; 6 (vi) 5; 23 (v) 7; 20 (vi) 5; 18
7. 49 8. 45 rows; 45 plants in each row 9. 900 10. 3600

EXERCISE 6.4
1. (i) 48 (ii) 67 (iii) 59 (iv) 23 (v) 57 (vi) 37
(vii) 76 (viii) 89 (ix) 24 (x) 32 (xi) 56 (xii) 30
2. (i) 1 (ii) 2 (iii) 2 (iv) 3 (v) 3
3. (i) 1.6 (ii) 2.7 (iii) 7.2 (iv) 6.5 (v) 5.6
4. (i) 2; 20 (ii) 53; 44 (iii) 1; 57 (iv) 41; 28 (v) 31; 63
5. (i) 4; 23 (ii) 14; 42 (iii) 4; 16 (iv) 24; 43 (v) 149; 81
6. 21 m 7. (a) 10 cm (b) 12 cm
8. 24 plants 9. 16 children

EXERCISE 7.1
1. (ii) and (iv)
2. (i) 3 (ii) 2 (iii) 3 (iv) 5 (v) 10
3. (i) 3 (ii) 2 (iii) 5 (iv) 3 (v) 11
4. 20 cuboids

EXERCISE 7.2
1. (i) 4 (ii) 8 (iii) 22 (iv) 30 (v) 25 (vi) 24
(vii) 48 (viii) 36 (ix) 56
2. (i) False (ii) True (iii) False (iv) False (v) False (vi) False
(vii) True
3. 11, 17, 23, 32

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EXERCISE 8.1
1. (a) 1 : 2 (b) 1 : 2000 (c) 1 : 10
2
2. (a) 75% (b) 66 % 3. 28% students 4. 25 matches 5. ` 2400
3
6. 10%, cricket → 30 lakh; football → 15 lakh; other games → 5 lakh

EXERCISE 8.2
1. ` 1,40,000 2. 80% 3. ` 34.80 4. ` 18,342.50
5. Gain of 2% 6. ` 2,835 7. Loss of ` 1,269.84
8. ` 14,560 9. ` 2,000 10. ` 5,000 11. ` 1,050

EXERCISE 8.3
1. (a) Amount = ` 15,377.34; Compound interest = ` 4,577.34
(b) Amount = ` 22,869; Interest = ` 4869 (c) Amount = ` 70,304, Interest = ` 7,804
(d) Amount = ` 8,736.20, Interest = ` 736.20
(e) Amount = ` 10,816, Interest = ` 816
2. ` 36,659.70 3. Fabina pays ` 362.50 more 4. ` 43.20
5. (ii) ` 63,600 (ii) ` 67,416 6. (ii) ` 92,400 (ii) ` 92,610
7. (i) ` 8,820 (ii) ` 441
8. Amount = ` 11,576.25, Interest = ` 1,576.25 Yes.
9. ` 4,913 10. (i) About 48,980 (ii) 59,535 11. 5,31,616 (approx)
12. ` 38,640

EXERCISE 9.1
1. Term Coefficient (iv) 3 3
– pq –1
(i) 5xyz2 5 qr 1
–3zy –3 – rp –1
(ii) 1 1 x 1
x 1 (v)
2 2
x2 1 y 1
2 2
(iii) 4x2y2 4
–xy –1
– 4x2y2z2 –4
z2 1 (vi) 0.3a 0.3
– 0.6ab – 0.6
0.5b 0.5

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2. Monomials: 1000, pqr

Binomials: x + y, 2y – 3y2, 4z – 15z2, p2q + pq2, 2p + 2q
Trinomials :7 + y + 5x, 2y – 3y2 + 4y3, 5x – 4y + 3xy
Polynomials that do not fit in these categories: x + x2 + x3 + x4, ab + bc + cd + da
3. (i) 0 (ii) ab + bc + ac (iii) – p2q2 + 4pq + 9
(iv) 2(l2 + m2 + n2 + lm + mn + nl)
4. (a) 8a – 2ab + 2b – 15 (b) 2xy – 7yz + 5zx + 10xyz
(c) p2q – 7pq2 + 8pq – 18q + 5p + 28

EXERCISE 9.2
1. (i) 28p (ii) – 28p2 (iii) – 28p2q (iv) –12p4 (v) 0
2. pq; 50 mn; 100 x2y2; 12x3; 12mn2p
3.
First monomial → 2x –5y 3x 2 – 4xy 7x 2y –9x2y2
Second monomial ↓
2x 4x 2 –10xy 6x 3 –8x2y 14x3y –18x3y2
–5y –10xy 25y2 –15x2y 20xy2 –35x2y2 45x2y3
3x 2 6x 3 –15x2y 9x 4 –12x3y 21x4y –27x4y2
– 4xy –8x 2y 20xy 2 –12x3y 16x2y2 –28x3y2 36x3y3
7x 2y 14x 3y –35x2y2 21x 4y –28x3y2 49x4y2 – 63x4y3
–9x2y2 –18x3y2 45x2y3 –27x4y2 36x3y3 – 63x4y3 81x4y4

4. (i) 105a7 (ii) 64pqr (iii) 4x4y 4 (iv) 6abc

5. (i) x2y2z 2 (ii) – a6 (iii) 1024y6 (iv) 36a2b2c2 (v) – m3n2p

EXERCISE 9.3
1. (i) 4pq + 4pr (ii) a2b – ab2 (iii) 7a3b2 + 7a2b3
(iv)4a3 – 36a (v) 0
2. (i) ab + ac + ad (ii) 5x2y + 5xy2 – 25xy
6p3 – 7p2 + 5p
(iii) (iv) 4p4q2 – 4p2q4
(v)a2bc + ab2c + abc2
3
3. (i) 8a50 (ii) − x 3 y3 (iii) – 4p4q4 (iv) x 10
5
−3
4. (a) 12x2 – 15x + 3; (i) 66 (ii)
2
(b) a3 + a2 + a + 5; (i) 5 (ii) 8 (iii) 4
5. (a) p2 + q2 + r2 – pq – qr – pr (b) – 2x2 – 2y2 – 4xy + 2yz + 2zx
(c) 5l2 + 25ln (d) – 3a2 – 2b2 + 4c2 – ab + 6bc – 7ac

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EXERCISE 9.4
1. (i) 8x2 + 14x – 15 (ii) 3y2 – 28y + 32 (iii) 6.25l2 – 0.25m2
(iv) ax + 5a + 3bx + 15b (v) 6p2q2 + 5pq3 – 6q4 (vi) 3a4 + 10a2b2 – 8b4
2. (i) 15 – x – 2x2 (ii) 7x2 + 48xy – 7y2 (iii) a3 + a2b2 + ab + b3
(iv) 2p3 + p2q – 2pq2 – q3
3. (i) x3 + 5x2 – 5x (ii) a2b3 + 3a2 + 5b3 + 20 (iii) t3 – st + s2t2 – s3
(iv) 4ac (v) 3x2 + 4xy – y2 (vi) x3 + y3
(vii) 2.25x2 – 16y2 (viii) a2 + b2 – c2 + 2ab

EXERCISE 9.5
1. (i) x2 + 6x + 9 (ii) 4y2 + 20y + 25 (iii) 4a2 – 28a + 49
1
(iv) 9a2 – 3a + (v) 1.21m2 – 0.16 (vi) b4 – a4
4
x 2 3xy 9 y 2
(vii) 36x2 – 49 (viii) a2 – 2ac + c2 (ix) + +
4 4 16
(x) 49a2 – 126ab + 81b2
2. (i) x2 + 10x + 21 (ii) 16x2 + 24x + 5 (iii) 16x2 – 24x + 5
(iv) 16x2 + 16x – 5 (v) 4x2 + 16xy + 15y2 (vi) 4a4 + 28a2 + 45
(vii) x2 y2 z2 – 6xyz + 8
3. (i) b2 – 14b + 49 (ii) x2 y2 + 6xyz + 9z2 (iii) 36x4 – 60x2y + 25y2
4 2 9
(iv) m + 2mn + n2 (v) 0.16p2 + 0.04pq + 0.25q2 (vi) 4x2 y2 + 20xy2 + 25y2
9 4
4 2 2 4
4. (i) a – 2a b + b (ii) 40x (iii) 98m2 + 128n2
(iv) 41m2 + 80mn + 41n2 (v) 4p2 – 4q2 (vi) a2b2 + b2c2 (vii) m4 + n4m2
6. (i) 5041 (ii) 9801 (iii) 10404 (iv) 996004
(v) 27.04 (vi) 89991 (vii) 6396 (viii) 79.21
(ix) 99.75
7. (i) 200 (ii) 0.08 (iii) 1800 (iv) 84
8. (i) 10712 (ii) 26.52 (iii) 10094 (iv) 95.06

EXERCISE 10.1
1. (a) → (iii) → (iv) (b) → (i) → (v) (c) → (iv) → (ii)
(d) → (v) → (iii) (e) → (ii) → (i)
2. (a) (i) → Front, (ii) → Side, (iii) → Top (b) (i) → Side, (ii) → Front, (iii) → Top
(c) (i) → Front, (ii) → Side, (iii) → Top (d) (i) → Front, (ii) → Side, (iii) → Top
3. (a) (i) → Top, (ii) → Front, (iii) → Side (b) (i) → Side, (ii) → Front, (iii) → Top
(c) (i) → Top, (ii) → Side, (iii) → Front (d) (i) → Side, (ii) → Front, (iii) → Top
(e) (i) → Front, (ii) → Top, (iii) → Side

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EXERCISE 10.3
1. (i) No (ii) Yes (iii) Yes 2. Possible, only if the number of faces are greater than or equal to 4
3. only (ii) and (iv)
4. (i) A prism becomes a cylinder as the number of sides of its base becomes larger and larger.
(ii) A pyramid becomes a cone as the number of sides of its base becomes larger and larger.
5. No. It can be a cuboid also 7. Faces → 8, Vertices → 6, Edges → 30
8. No

EXERCISE 11.1
1. (a) 2. ` 17,875 3. Area = 129.5 m2; Perimeter = 48 m
4. 45000 tiles 5. (b)

EXERCISE 11.2
1. 0.88 m2 2. 7 cm 3. 660 m2 4. 252 m2
5. 45 cm2 6. 24 cm2, 6 cm 7. ` 810 8. 140 m
1 15
9. 119 m2 10. Area using Jyoti’s way = 2 × × × (30 + 15) m 2 = 337.5 m 2 ,
2 2
1 2
Area using Kavita’s way = × 15 × 15 + 15 × 15 = 337.5 m
2
11. 80 cm2, 96 cm2, 80 cm2, 96 cm2

EXERCISE 11.3
1. (a) 2. 144 m 3. 10 cm 4. 11 m2
5. 5 cans
6. Similarity → Both have same heights. Difference → one is a cylinder, the other is a cube. The cube has
larger lateral surface area
7. 440 m2 8. 322 cm 9. 1980 m2 10. 704 cm2

EXERCISE 11.4
1. (a) Volume (b) Surface area (c) Volume
2. Volume of cylinder B is greater; Surface area of cylinder B is greater.
3. 5 cm 4. 450 5. 1 m 6. 49500 L
7. (i) 4 times (ii) 8 times 8. 30 hours

EXERCISE 12.1
1 1
1. (i) (ii) (iii) 32
9 16

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1 1 1 1
2. (i) (ii) (iii) (5)4 (iv) (v)
(– 4)3 26 (3)2 ( −14) 3
1 81
3. (i) 5 (ii) (iii) 29 (iv) 1 (v)
2 16
1 512
4. (i) 250 (ii) 5. m = 2 6. (i) –1 (ii)
60 125
625t 4
7. (i) (ii) 55
2

EXERCISE 12.2
1. (i) 8.5 × 10– 12 (ii) 9.42 × 10– 12 (iii) 6.02 × 1015
(iv) 8.37 × 10– 9 (v) 3.186 × 1010
2. (i) 0.00000302 (ii) 45000 (iii) 0.00000003
(iv) 1000100000 (v) 5800000000000 (vi) 3614920
3. (i) 1 × 10– 6 (ii) 1.6 × 10–19 (iii) 5 × 10– 7
(iv) 1.275 × 10–5 (v) 7 × 10–2
4. 1.0008 × 102

EXERCISE 13.1
1. No 2. Parts of red pigment 1 4 7 12 20
Parts of base 8 32 56 96 160

3. 24 parts 4. 700 bottles 5. 10– 4 cm; 2 cm 6. 21 m

7. (i) 2.25 × 107 crystals (ii) 5.4 × 106 crystals 8. 4 cm
9. (i) 6 m (ii) 8 m 75 cm 10. 168 km

EXERCISE 13.2
1. (i), (iv), (v) 2. 4 → 25,000; 5 → 20,000; 8 → 12,500; 10 → 10,000; 20 → 5,000
Amount given to a winner is inversely proportional to the number of winners.
3. 8 → 45°, 10 → 36°, 12 → 30° (i) Yes (ii) 24° (iii) 9
4. 6 5. 4 6. 3 days 7. 15 boxes
1
8. 49 machines 9. 1 hours 10. (i) 6 days (ii) 6 persons 11. 40 minutes
2

EXERCISE 14.1
1. (i) 12 (ii) 2y (iii) 14pq (iv) 1 (v) 6ab (vi) 4x
(vii) 10 (viii) x 2y 2

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2. (i) 7(x – 6) (ii) 6(p – 2q) (iii) 7a(a + 2) (iv) 4z(– 4 + 5z2)
(v) 10 lm(2l + 3a) (vi) 5xy(x – 3y) (vii) 5(2a2 – 3b2 + 4c2)
(viii) 4a(– a + b – c) (ix) xyz(x + y + z) (x) xy(ax + by + cz)
3. (i) (x + 8) (x + y) (ii) (3x + 1) (5y – 2) (iii) (a + b) (x – y)
(iv) (5p + 3) (3q + 5) (v) (z – 7) (1 – xy)

EXERCISE 14.2
1. (i) (a + 4)2 (ii) (p – 5)2 (iii) (5m + 3)2 (iv) (7y + 6z)2
(v) 4(x – 1)2 (vi) (11b – 4c)2 (vii) (l – m)2 (viii) (a2 + b2)2
2. (i) (2p – 3q) (2p + 3q) (ii) 7(3a – 4b) (3a + 4b) (iii) (7x – 6) (7x + 6)
3
(iv) 16x (x – 3) (x + 3) (v) 4lm (vi) (3xy – 4) (3xy + 4)
(vii) (x – y – z) (x – y + z) (viii) (5a – 2b + 7c) (5a + 2b – 7c)
3. (i) x(ax + b) (ii) 7(p2 + 3q2) (iii) 2x(x2 + y2 + z2)
(iv) (m2 + n2) (a + b) (v) (l + 1) (m + 1) (vi) (y + 9) (y + z)
(vii) (5y + 2z) (y – 4) (viii) (2a + 1) (5b + 2) (ix) (3x – 2) (2y – 3)
2 2 2
4. (i) (a – b) (a + b) (a + b ) (ii) (p – 3) (p + 3) (p + 9)
(iii) (x – y – z) (x + y + z) [x2 + (y + z)2] (iv) z(2x – z) (2x2 – 2xz + z2)
(v) (a – b)2 (a + b)2
5. (i) (p + 2) (p + 4) (ii) (q – 3) (q – 7) (iii) (p + 8) (p – 2)

EXERCISE 14.3
x3 2 2
1. (i) (ii) – 4y (iii) 6pqr (iv) x y (v) –2a2b4
2 3
1
2. (i) (5 x − 6) (ii) 3y4 – 4y2 + 5 (iii) 2(x + y + z)
3
1 2
(iv) ( x + 2 x + 3) (v) q3 – p3
2
3. (i) 2x – 5 (ii) 5 (iii) 6y (iv) xy (v) 10abc
1
4. (i) 5(3x + 5) (ii) 2y(x + 5) (iii) r ( p + q ) (iv) 4(y2 + 5y + 3)
2
(v) (x + 2) (x + 3)
5
5. (i) y + 2 (ii) m – 16 (iii) 5(p – 4) (iv) 2z(z – 2) (v) q( p − q)
2
(vi) 3(3x – 4y) (vii) 3y(5y – 7)

EXERCISE 14.4
1. 4(x – 5) = 4x – 20 2. x(3x + 2) = 3x2 + 2x 3. 2x + 3y = 2x + 3y
4. x + 2x + 3x = 6x 5. 5y + 2y + y – 7y = y 6. 3x + 2x = 5x

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7. (2x)2 + 4(2x) + 7 = 4x2 + 8x + 7 8. (2x)2 + 5x = 4x2 + 5x

9. (3x + 2)2 = 9x2 + 12x + 4
10. (a) (–3)2 + 5(–3) + 4 = 9 – 15 + 4 = –2 (b) (–3)2 – 5(–3) + 4 = 9 + 15 + 4 = 28
(c) (–3)2 + 5(–3) = 9 – 15 = – 6
11. (y – 3)2 = y2 – 6y + 9 12. (z + 5)2 = z2 + 10z + 25
13. (2a + 3b) (a – b) = 2a2 + ab – 3b2 14. (a + 4) (a + 2) = a2 + 6a + 8
3x2
15. (a – 4) (a – 2) = a2 – 6a + 8 16. =1
3x2
3x 2 + 1 3 x 2 1 1 3x 3x
17. = 2 + 2 =1+ 2 18. =
3x 2
3x 3x 3x 3x + 2 3x + 2
3 3 4 x + 5 4x 5 5
19. = 20. = + =1+
4x + 3 4x + 3 4x 4x 4x 4x
7x + 5 7x 5 7x
21. = + = +1
5 5 5 5

EXERCISE 15.1
1. (a) 36.5° C (b) 12 noon (c) 1 p.m, 2 p.m.
(d) 36.5° C; The point between 1 p.m. and 2 p.m. on the x-axis is equidistant from the two points
showing 1 p.m. and 2 p.m., so it will represent 1.30 p.m. Similarly, the point on the y-axis,
between 36° C and 37° C will represent 36.5° C.
(e) 9 a.m. to 10 a.m., 10 a.m. to 11 a.m., 2 p.m. to 3 p.m.
2. (a) (i) ` 4 crore (ii) ` 8 crore
(b) (i) ` 7 crore (ii) ` 8.5 crore (approx.)
(c) ` 4 crore (d) 2005
3. (a) (i) 7 cm (ii) 9 cm
(b) (i) 7 cm (ii) 10 cm
(c) 2 cm (d) 3 cm (e) Second week (f) First week
(g) At the end of the 2nd week
4. (a) Tue, Fri, Sun (b) 35° C (c) 15° C (d) Thurs
1
6. (a) 4 units = 1 hour (b) 3 hours (c) 22 km
2
(d) Yes; This is indicated by the horizontal part of the graph (10 a.m. - 10.30 a.m.)
(e) Between 8 a.m. and 9 a.m.
7. (iii) is not possible

EXERCISE 15.2
1. Points in (a) and (b) lie on a line; Points in (c) do not lie on a line
2. The line will cut x-axis at (5, 0) and y-axis at (0, 5)

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3. O(0, 0), A(2, 0), B(2, 3), C(0, 3), P(4, 3), Q(6, 1), R(6, 5), S(4, 7), K(10, 5), L(7, 7), M(10, 8)
4. (i) True (ii) False (iii) True

EXERCISE 15.3
1. (b) (i) 20 km (ii) 7.30 a.m. (c) (i) Yes (ii) ` 200 (iii) ` 3500
2. (a) Yes (b) No

EXERCISE 16.1
1. A = 7, B = 6 2. A = 5, B = 4, C = 1 3. A = 6
4. A = 2, B = 5 5. A = 5, B = 0, C = 1 6. A = 5, B = 0, C = 2
7. A = 7, B = 4 8. A = 7, B = 9 9. A = 4, B = 7
10. A = 8, B = 1

EXERCISE 16.2
1. y = 1 2. z = 0 or 9 3. z = 0, 3, 6 or 9
4. 0, 3, 6 or 9

JUST FOR FUN

1. More about Pythagorean triplets
We have seen one way of writing pythagorean triplets as 2m, m2 – 1, m2 + 1.
A pythagorean triplet a, b, c means a2 + b2 = c2. If we use two natural numbers m and n(m > n), and
take a = m2 – n2, b = 2mn, c = m2 + n2, then we can see that c2 = a2 + b2.
Thus for different values of m and n with m > n we can generate natural numbers a, b, c such that they
form Pythagorean triplets.
For example: Take, m = 2, n = 1.
Then, a = m2 – n2 = 3, b = 2mn = 4, c = m2 + n2 = 5, is a Pythagorean triplet. (Check it!)
For, m = 3, n = 2, we get,
a = 5, b = 12, c = 13 which is again a Pythagorean triplet.
Take some more values for m and n and generate more such triplets.
2. When water freezes its volume increases by 4%. What volume of water is required to make 221 cm3
of ice?
3. If price of tea increased by 20%, by what per cent must the consumption be reduced to keep the
expense the same?

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4. Ceremony Awards began in 1958. There were 28 categories to win an award. In 1993, there were 81
categories.
(i) The awards given in 1958 is what per cent of the awards given in 1993?
(ii) The awards given in 1993 is what per cent of the awards given in 1958?
5. Out of a swarm of bees, one fifth settled on a blossom of Kadamba, one third on a flower of Silindhiri,
and three times the difference between these two numbers flew to the bloom of Kutaja. Only ten
bees were then left from the swarm. What was the number of bees in the swarm? (Note, Kadamba,
Silindhiri and Kutaja are flowering trees. The problem is from the ancient Indian text on algebra.)
6. In computing the area of a square, Shekhar used the formula for area of a square, while his friend
Maroof used the formula for the perimeter of a square. Interestingly their answers were numerically
same. Tell me the number of units of the side of the square they worked on.
7. The area of a square is numerically less than six times its side. List some squares in which this happens.
8. Is it possible to have a right circular cylinder to have volume numerically equal to its curved surface
area? If yes state when.
9. Leela invited some friends for tea on her birthday. Her mother placed some plates and some puris on
a table to be served. If Leela places 4 puris in each plate 1 plate would be left empty. But if she places
3 puris in each plate 1 puri would be left. Find the number of plates and number of puris on the table.
10. Is there a number which is equal to its cube but not equal to its square? If yes find it.
11. Arrange the numbers from 1 to 20 in a row such that the sum of any two adjacent numbers is a perfect
square.

Answers
1
2. 212 cm3
2
2
3. 16 %
3
4. (i) 34.5% (ii) 289%
5. 150
6. 4 units
7. Sides = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 units
8. Yes, when radius = 2 units
9. Number of puris = 16, number of plates = 5
10. –1
11. One of the ways is, 1, 3, 6, 19, 17, 8 (1 + 3 = 4, 3 + 6 = 9 etc.). Try some other ways.

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