Smart parking systems use sensors and intelligent technologies to help drivers find available parking spaces. One system discussed uses sensors in smartphones to detect when a driver parks and leaves a space, sending that information to a server. This helps other drivers locate vacancies. Another system books spaces in advance through a mobile app. It recognizes license plates and provides real-time parking availability and occupancy information. Implementing smart parking technologies can help reduce traffic and wasted time spent searching for spaces.
Smart parking systems use sensors and intelligent technologies to help drivers find available parking spaces. One system discussed uses sensors in smartphones to detect when a driver parks and leaves a space, sending that information to a server. This helps other drivers locate vacancies. Another system books spaces in advance through a mobile app. It recognizes license plates and provides real-time parking availability and occupancy information. Implementing smart parking technologies can help reduce traffic and wasted time spent searching for spaces.
Smart parking systems use sensors and intelligent technologies to help drivers find available parking spaces. One system discussed uses sensors in smartphones to detect when a driver parks and leaves a space, sending that information to a server. This helps other drivers locate vacancies. Another system books spaces in advance through a mobile app. It recognizes license plates and provides real-time parking availability and occupancy information. Implementing smart parking technologies can help reduce traffic and wasted time spent searching for spaces.
Smart parking systems use sensors and intelligent technologies to help drivers find available parking spaces. One system discussed uses sensors in smartphones to detect when a driver parks and leaves a space, sending that information to a server. This helps other drivers locate vacancies. Another system books spaces in advance through a mobile app. It recognizes license plates and provides real-time parking availability and occupancy information. Implementing smart parking technologies can help reduce traffic and wasted time spent searching for spaces.
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as docx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1/ 5
Case Studies
Smart parking systems solve the problem related to parking by linking the parking system with an intelligent parking system. Moreover, prior booking, SMS & live updates regarding reservations help users overcome parking challenges. For instance, in May 2021, L&T Technology developed an A.I. solution for a smart parking system. Intel Corporation assisted in developing this technology. This new intelligent parking system recognizes license plates, shows the actual parking occupancy rate in real- time, and provides real-time parking availability information. It will save a lot of time for drivers and can lead to reduced traffic on roads. These factors expected to drive the global smart parking systems market.
Since most people park their cars on-road for several hours, governments are installing more hardware and cameras on-road to maintain traffic flow, driving the growth of smart parking systems. In July 2021, Sony published a new showcase of how its IMX500 sensors, backed by artificial intelligence (AI) processing, are at the core of three “smart city” trials in Rome, Italy.
In August 2021, Bhubaneswar Smart City Limited (BSCL) announced that the much-awaited smart parking project in the city between SishuBhawan and Vani ViharChhak would start from September 2021. After the project is implemented, commuters will be required to reserve a parking spot via mobile applications before leaving their houses for any destination within the smart city.
The smart parking solutions use different components as: Occupancy Sensor, Gateway device, Server, Device. Different types of service which these solutions could offer are: Parking Monitoring, Parking Reservation, On-Street Parking, Off- Street Parking, GPS Parking Direction, Payment methods, etc.
Smart parking technology benefits the customer and the parking operator in the following ways:
• The customer can readily determine space availability prior to entering the garage and/or parking level.
• The customer can plan for their transit to public transportation with such smart parking systems employed at Park and Rides
• The parking operator can use the system data to develop or improve pricing strategies.
• The parking operator can use this system data to predict future parking patterns and trends.
• The parking operator can use this system data to prevent vehicle thefts.
• The parking operator can reduce the staffing requirements for traffic control within the facility.
• The system significantly reduces traffic–and the resulting vehicle emissions– by decreasing the time required for customers to locate open spaces. SmartPark System:
One of the solutions for parking problem in big cities is SmartPark system. SmartPark system allows the user to monitor availability of parking lot in real-time, and it doesn’t need any specialized infrastructure. System uses sensors in smartphones, Wi-Fi and cellular infrastructure. SmartPark aims to detect transportation mode and location of the user, but to preserve battery life of smartphone devices. Simulation results show that SmartPark, benefiting from as little as 20% adoption rate, can estimate parking availability with accuracy above 90%. Experimental results with the help of 12 volunteers show that SmartPark detects unparking events 97% of the time while triggering zero false positives. System is aiming to make it easier for a driver to find empty parking spot, considering that in every moment someone could be parking vehicle and also someone could be unparking vehicle.
When driver parks vehicle and leaves it, the application keeps monitoring drivers’ movement. The moment driver returns to vehicle and pulls out of parking space application detects unparking event and sends information about empty parking lot.
In summary SmartPark system introduces:
• The first system capable of detecting virtually every mode of transportation with accuracy approaching 100% while relying exclusively on the sensors available on modern smartphones.
• Algorithm for location matching, which relies on the readings from Wi-Fi and cellular base stations. Combined with the transportation mode detection, it enables SmartPark to detect unparking events with accuracy approaching 100% while having a negligible impact on battery life.
• Analytical approach for estimating parking availability even when only a fraction of users uses SmartPark.
• Evaluation in two ways: using simulations and in the wild. Simulations using a variety of configurations show that with as little as 10% of users adopting it, SmartPark can estimate parking availability with accuracy above 80%. The accuracy reaches over 90% when 20% or more of the users adopt SmartPark.
Firstly, system determines the user’s vehicle type.
Then server receives inquiry via the Wi-Fi or cellular network about available parking spots close to user’s location. When user parks a vehicle SmartPark scans exact location of the user, and saves it. After driver leaves vehicle, every 10 seconds system checks which transportation mode the driver is using. In case that SmartPark system detects that driver is using the same transportation mode as the one that was used while parking vehicle and if it is the same locations, the system recognizes that user is vacating the parking spot, and sends information about available parking spot to the server. SmartPark system aims to determine two main tasks: which transportation mode the user uses and whether the user is at the same location. To do this basic idea of a SmartPark system, as already mentioned, is to use already-installed sensors found in smartphones. Smartphones come up with variety of built-in sensors such as:
• Accelerometer.
• Gyroscope.
• Orientation.
• Magnetic field sensor.
• Luminosity sensor.
• Atmospheric pressure sensor.
• Microphone.
Drivers location used for detecting free parking space
Another solution for the problem of finding free parking space in smart cities is exploiting sensors in smartphones to collect real time parking availability information. Idea is to design smartphone based system to track driver’s trajectory and to detect when they are about to leave their parking spot. To determine when the driver is leaving parking spot, authors rely on accuracy and efficiency of mobile phone sensors. It is considered to use a social network formed by drivers similar to Crowdpark platform. In this architecture, a driver who is currently parked can provide advance notification when they are planning to leave, and this information can be sold to another driver that is willing to pay to reserve the parking spot. First, driver gets required information, then he is allowed to arrive on parking spot and waits for seller to leave and then parks in his place. Buyer is charged only after he successfully parks his car in reserved spot. The idea is that every member in system gets unique ID when they are joining the social network, this way they real identity will not be revealed to the other users. Crowdsourcing approaches to parking are not new, but all other works in this require the drivers to manually report when they leave their parking spot. Main difference in this system is that phone sensors detect when driver is about to leave parking spot by tracking drivers’ trajectory.
Use of genetic algorithm to predict available parking spot
One of main difficulties that people have in today’s living is finding parking spot when they are going to the shopping mall. Shopping malls are places where people come to buy things and entertain and they are always crowdie. It is common for every customer to waste some time and some quantity of fuel while looking for a free parking space. Even when customer finds a free place to park, there are also a lot of problems in terms of finding vehicle when they are leaving. Because of the poorly parking systems that are implemented in parking bays of shopping malls, also people park their vehicles by the road near shopping mall. After detecting the cause of the problem, it has been realized that the reason is not lack of parking space, but lack of efficient scheduling of vehicles to the parking space. One research paper proposes using of genetic algorithm to solve the scheduling issue. Genetic algorithm is a very good optimization technique that iterates through different stages like selection, crossover, and mutation to obtain an optimal solution. It is based on theory of survival of the fittest System consists of android application, smart car parking system, cloud database and autonomous trolley. It is intended that customers use android application, so they can book the parking lot in advance. Users obtain user ID, to identify regular customers visiting the shopping mall. When booking, user needs to enter how long the parking lot is going to be occupied. User then pays the cost of active reservation using PayPal payment system. After parking time has exceeded duration of reservation, customers receive alert message. Customers are given grace period of 30 minutes to take vehicle from the parking lot, after that they will be extra charged at the exit. Payment and allotment details are stored in cloud database. Customers leave their vehicles at the entrance of the shopping mall and they can go and enjoy the shopping. The autonomous trolley takes vehicle from the entrance to empty parking lot that is determined by the system. The image and the map to their vehicle are sent to the customer mobile application, so they can have information that their vehicle is correctly parked. System gathers information about parking and unparking vehicles using ultrasonic sensors that are implemented on every parking spot.
Libelium has introduced an upgraded version of its
smart parking sensor node able to detect available parking slots. It has also extended coverage to three more regions: Australia, Asia-Pacific and Latin America. The new parking node features two different detection systems which the Spanish- based IoT technology provider claims is able to deliver 99 per cent accuracy. The smart parking device runs on a magnetic detection system than can be supported with a cloud software system that evaluates the received signal strength indication (RSSI) and fully compatible with LPWAN radio technologies, LoRaWAN and Sigfox. The new sensor system, certified with CE and FCC, is equipped with IP68-rated waterproof and a robust enclosure that allows it to be either screwed on the surface or installed underground.
The list of countries the new smart parking Sigfox version covers are: Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Thailand. The device comes pre-programmed from the factory so can be configured in a few seconds with the Libelium smart devices, even by those without programming skills. Once the nodes have been installed, a remote set-up system allows the user to remain in control and reconfigure all the parameters easily from the cloud.
Montpellier in the South of France is one of the cities that has deployed Libelium’s smart parking solution to improve its citizens’ quality of life. The smart parking solution has been developed with Libelium’s Connected Parking technology. The project is part of the Metropolis’ bigger smart cities strategy to make data openly available to those who can develop services and solutions to enrich the lives of its citizens such as start-ups, universities and laboratories. Montpellier’s shopping centre has limited parking slots and the main goal of the project was to make traffic more fluid and increase rotation at parking spaces near the town hall and shopping centre. Twenty Libelium Plug & Sense! Smart Parking nodes were installed in two different areas of the city: six at the surroundings of the Montpellier Town Hall (Hôtel de Ville de Montpellier) and the rest on the nearby Parc Marianne district. These devices have initially been installed on the road surface in parking areas designated for those with reduced mobility and delivery services with the aim of relieving congestion, streamlining traffic, and improving access to car park areas. Data management displays show real-time information relating to the use of car parking slots in order to improve the traffic conditions and diminish car parking search time. In the future, the number of nodes will be increased throughout the territory of the metropolis so more people will benefit. Sensors also gather data about the temperature of the roadway which will be used by the metropolis road authorities to take action in case of the presence of ice sheets.
