16

ELECTRIC CHARGES
AND FIELDS
9. Quantisation of charge implies
FACT / DEFINITION TYPE QUESTIONS
(a) charge cannot be destroyed
1. Charge is the property associated with matter due to which it (b) charge exists on particles
produces and experiences (c) there is a minimum permissible charge on a particle
(a) electric effects only (d) charge, which is a fraction of a coulomb is not possible.
(b) magnetic effects only 10. If an object possesses an electric charge, it is said to be
(c) both electric and magnetic effects electrified or ... A ... When it has no charge, it is said to
(d) None of these be ... B ... Here, A and B refer to
2. Charge is (a) charged, neutral (b) neutral, charged
(a) transferable (b) associated with mass (c) discharged, charged (d) active, reactive
(c) conserved (d) All of these 11. A positively charged rod is brought near an uncharged
3. A body is positively charged, it implies that conductor. If the rod is then suddenly withdrawn, the charge
(a) there is only positive charge in the body. left on the conductor will be
(b) there is positive as well as negative charge in the body (a) positive (b) negative
but the positive charge is more than negative charge (c) zero (d) cannot say
(c) there is equal positive and negative charge in the body 12. Two spheres A and B of exactly same mass are given equal
but the positive charge lies in the outer regions positive and negative charges respectively. Their masses
(d) negative charge is displaced from its position after charging
4. On rubbing, when one body gets positively charged and (a) remains unaffected (b) mass of A > mass of B
other negatively charged, the electrons transferred from (c) mass of A < mass of B (d) Nothing can be said
positively charged body to negatively charged body are 13. When a comb rubbed with dry hair attracts pieces of paper.
(a) valence electrons only This is because the
(b) electrons of inner shells (a) comb polarizes the piece of paper
(c) both valence electrons and electrons of inner shell (b) comb induces a net dipole moment opposite to the
(d) yet to be established direction of field
5. Which of the following is the best insulator? (c) electric field due to the comb is uniform
(a) Carbon (b) Paper (d) comb induces a net dipole moment perpendicular to
(c) Graphite (d) Ebonite the direction of field
6. If a body is negatively charged, then it has 14. When some charge is transferred to ...A... it readily gets
(a) excess of electrons (b) excess of protons distributed over the entire surface of ... A... If some charge
(c) deficiency of electrons (d) deficiency of neutrons is put on ... B..., it stays at the same place.
Here, A and B refer to
7. When a body is charged by induction, then the body
(a) becomes neutral (a) insulator, conductor (b) conductor, insulator
(b) does not lose any charge (c) insulator, insulator (d) conductor, conductor
(c) loses whole of the charge on it 15. Quantisation of charge was experimentally demonstrated by
(d) loses part of the charge on it (a) Einstein’s photoelectric effect
8. On charging by conduction, mass of a body may (b) Frank-Hertz experiment
(a) increase (b) decreases (c) Davisson and Germer experiment
(c) increase or decrease (d) None of these (d) Millikan’s oil drop experiment
 248 ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDS
16. In annihilation process, in which an electron and a positron 27. A point charge is kept at the centre of metallic insulated
transform into two gamma rays, which property of electric spherical shell. Then
charge is displayed? (a) electric field out side the sphere is zero
(a) Additivity of charge (b) electric field inside the sphere is zero
(b) Quantisation of charge (c) net induced charge on the sphere is zero
(c) Conservation of charge (d) electric potential inside the sphere is zero
(d) Attraction and repulsion 28. If one penetrates a uniformly charged spherical cloud,
17. The law, governing the force between electric charges is electric field strength
known as (a) decreases directly as the distance from the centre
(a) Ampere's law (b) Ohm's law (b) increases directly as the distance from the centre
(c) Faraday's law (d) Coulomb's law (c) remains constant
18. The value of electric permittivity of free space is (d) None of these
(a) 9 × 109 NC2/m2 (b) 8.85 × 10–12Nm2/C2 sec 29. Electric lines of force about a negative point charge are
(c) 8.85 × 10 –12 C /Nm (d) 9 × 109C2/Nm2
2 2 (a) circular anticlockwise
19. Coulomb’s law is true for (b) circular clockwise
(a) atomic distances (= 10–11 m) (c) radial, inwards
(b) nuclear distances (= 10–15 m) (d) radial, outwards
(c) charged as well as uncharged particles 30. Electric lines of force
(d) all the distances (a) exist everywhere
20. What happens when some charge is placed on a soap (b) exist only in the immediate vicinity of electric charges
bubble? (c) exist only when both positive and negative charges
(a) Its radius decreases (b) Its radius increases are near one another
(c) The bubble collapses (d) None of these (d) are imaginary
21. Two point charges + Q and + q are separated by a certain 31. Positive electric flux indicates that electric lines of force are
distance. If + Q > + q then in between the charges the electric directed
field is zero at a point (a) outwards (b) inwards
(a) closer to + Q (c) either (a) or (b) (d) None of these
(b) closer to + q 32. The S.I. unit of electric flux is
(c) exactly at the mid-point of line segment joining + Q and
(a) weber (b) newton per coulomb
+ q.
(c) volt × metre (d) joule per coulomb
(d) no where on the line segment joining + Q and + q.
33. If the flux of the electric field through a closed surface is
22. An electric field can deflect
zero, then
(a) neutrons (b) X-rays
(a) the electric field must be zero everywhere on the surface
(c) -rays (d) -particles
(b) the electric field may not be zero everywhere on the
23. The unit of electric field is not equivalent to
surface
(a) N / C (b) J / C
(c) the charge inside the surface must be zero
(c) V / m (d) J / Cm
(d) the charge in the vicinity of the surface must be zero
24. If an electron has an initial velocity in a direction different
34. Electric flux over a surface in an electric field may be
from that of an electric field, the path of the electron is
(a) a straight line (b) a circle (a) positive (b) negative
(c) an ellipse (d) a parabola (c) zero (d) All of the above
25. A charged particle is free to move in an electric field. It will 35. If the electric flux entering and leaving an enclosed surface
travel respectively is 1 and 2, the electric charge inside the surface
(a) always along a line of force will be
(b) along a line of force, if its initial velocity is zero (a) ( 2 + 2) × o (b) ( 2 – 2) × o
(c) along a line of force, if it has some initial velocity in the (c) ( 1 + 2) × o (d) ( 2 – 1) × o
direction of an acute angle with the line of force 36. For distance far away from centre of dipole the change in
(d) none of the above magnitude of electric field with change in distance from the
26. If a linear isotropic dielectric is placed in an electric field of centre of dipole is
strength E, then the polarization P is (a) zero.
(b) same in equatorial plane as well as axis of dipole.
(a) independent of E
(c) more in case of equatorial plane of dipole as compared
(b) inversely proportional to E
to axis of dipole.
(c) directly proportional to E (d) more in case of axis of dipole as compared to equatorial
(d) directly proportional to E plane of dipole.
ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDS 249
37. A region surrounding a stationary electric dipoles has 47. An electric dipole is placed at the centre of a sphere
(a) magnetic field only then
(b) electric field only (a) the flux of the electric field through the sphere is not
(c) both electric and magnetic fields zero.
(d) no electric and magnetic fields (b) the electric field is zero at every point of the sphere.
(c) the electric field is not zero anywhere on the sphere.
38. The electric field at a point on equatorial line of a dipole
(d) the electric field is zero on a circle on the sphere.
and direction of the dipole moment
(a) will be parallel 48. If a dipole of dipole moment p is placed in a uniform electric
(b) will be in opposite direction
field E , then torque acting on it is given by
(c) will be perpendicular
(d) are not related (a) p.E (b) p E
39. Debye is the unit of
(c) p E (d) p E
(a) electric flux (b) electric dipole moment
(c) electric potential (d) electric field intensity 49. An electric dipole has a pair of equal and opposite point
40. An electric dipole will experience a net force when it is placed charges q and –q separated by a distance 2x. The axis of
in the dipole is
(a) from positive charge to negative charge
(a) a uniform electric field
(b) from negative charge to positive charge
(b) a non-uniform electric field
(c) Perpendicular to the line joining the two charges
(c) both (a) and (b)
drawn at the centre and pointing upward direction
(d) None of these
(d) Perpendicular to the line joining the two charges
41. An electric dipole is kept in a non-uniform electric field. It drawn at the centre and pointing downward direction
experiences 50. Gauss’s law states that
(a) a force and a torque
(b) a force but not a torque 1
(a) the total electric flux through a closed surface is
(c) a torque but no force 0
times the total charge placed near the closed surface.
(d) neither a force nor a torque
42. The formation of a dipole is due to two equal and dissimilar 1
(b) the total electric flux through a closed surface is
point charges placed at a 0
(a) short distance (b) long distance times the total charge enclosed by the closed surface.
(c) above each other (d) none of these
(c) the total electric flux through an open surface is 1 times
43. If a dipole of dipole moment p is placed in a uniform electric 0
the total charge placed near the open surface.
field E , then torque acting on it is given by (d) the line integral of electric field around the boundary of
(a) p.E (b) p E 1
an open surface is times the total charge placed near
0
(c) p E (d) p E
the open surface.
44. If Ea be the electric field strength of a short dipole at a 51. The Gaussian surface
point on its axial line and Ee that on the equatorial line at (a) can pass through a continuous charge distribution.
the same distance, then (b) cannot pass through a continuous charge distribution.
(a) Ee= 2Ea (b) Ea = 2Ee (c) can pass through any system of discrete charges.
(c) Ea = Ee (d) None of the above (d) can pass through a continuous charge distribution as
45. When an electric dipole P is placed in a uniform electric well as any system of discrete charges.
52. Gauss's law is valid for
field E then at what angle between P and E the value
(a) any closed surface
of torque will be maximum?
(b) only regular close surfaces
(a) 90° (b) 0°
(c) any open surface
(c) 180° (d) 45°
(d) only irregular open surfaces
46. An electric dipole is placed at an angle of 30° to a
53. The total electric flux emanating from a closed surface
non-uniform electric field. The dipole will experience
enclosing an -particle is (e-electronic charge)
(a) a translational force only in the direction of the field
(b) a translational force only in the direction normal to the 2e e
(a) (b)
direction of the field 0 0
(c) a torque as well as a translational force 0e
(d) a torque only (c) e 0 (d)
4
 250 ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDS
54. The electric field due to an infinitely long straight uniformly Which of the above statements is incorrect?
charged wire at a distance r is directly proportional to (a) Only I (b) Only II
(a) r (b) r2 (c) Only III (d) Only IV
63. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
1 1
(c) (d) I. The charge q on a body is always given by q = ne,
r r2 where n is any integer, positive or negative.
55. For a given surface the Gauss's law is stated as E . dA 0 . II. By convention, the charge on an electron is taken to
From this we can conclude that be negative.
(a) E is necessarily zero on the surface III. The fact that electric charge is always an integral
(b) E is perpendicular to the surface at every point multiple of e is termed as quantisation of charge.
(c) the total flux through the surface is zero IV. The quatisation of charge was experimentally
(d) the flux is only going out of the surface demonstrated by Newton in 1912.
56. The electric field inside a spherical shell of uniform surface (a) Only I (b) Only II
charge density is (c) Only IV (d) Only III
(a) zero
64. Select the correct statements Coulomb's law correctly
(b) constant different from zero describes the electric force that
(c) proportional to the distance from the curve
I. binds the electrons of an atom to its nucleus
(d) None of the above
II. binds the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an
57. The electric field near a conducting surface having a
atom
uniform surface charge density is given by
III. binds atoms together to form molecules
(a) and is parallel to the surface (a) I and II (b) I and III
0 (c) II and III (d) I, II and III
2 65. Select the correct statements from the following
(b) and is parallel to the surface
0 I. Inside a charged or neutral conductor, electrostatic
field is zero
(c) and is normal to the surface
II. The electrostatic field at the surface of the charged
0
conductor must be tangential to the surface at any
2 point
(d) and is normal to the surface
0 III. There is no net charge at any point inside the
58. A hollow sphere of charge does not have electric field at conductor
(a) outer point (b) interior point (a) I and II (b) I and III
(c) beyond 2 m (d) beyond 100 m (c) II and III (d) I, II and III
59. Charge motion within the Gaussian surface gives changing
physical quantity 66. In a uniform electric field E a charge +q having negligible
(a) electric field (b) electric flux mass is released at a point. Which of the following statements
(c) charge (d) gaussian surface area are correct?
60. Gauss’s law is true only if force due to a charge varies as I. Velocity increases with time.
(a) r–1 (b) r–2 II. A force acts on it in the direction of electric field.
(c) r –3 (d) r–4 III. Its momentum changes with time.
61. What about Gauss’s theorem is not incorrect? (a) I and II (b) II and III
(a) It can be derived by using Coulomb's Law (c) I and III (d) I, II and III
(b) It is valid for conservative field obeys inverse square 67. Field due to multiple charges at a point is found by using
root law I. superposition principle.
(c) Gauss’s theorem is not applicable in gravitation II. Coulomb’s law.
(d) Both (a) & (b) III. law of conservation of charges.
(a) I and II (b) II and III
STATEMENT TYPE QUESTIONS (c) I and III (d) I, II and III
62. Study of charges, by scientists, concludes that 68. Select the incorrect statements about electric field lines.
I. there are two kinds of electric charges. I. Two electric field lines can never cross each other.
II. bodies like plastic, fur acquire elecrtic charge on II. They start from positive charge and end at negative
rubbing. charge.
III. like charges attract, unlike charges repel each other. III. Electric field lines form closed loops.
IV. the property which differentiates two kinds of (a) I and II (b) I and III
charges is called the polarity of the charge. (c) II and III (c) I, II and III
ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDS 251

69. An electric dipole of moment p is placed in a uniform (a) (A) (3), (B) (2), (C) (4), (D) (1)
(b) (A) (1), (B) (3), (C) (4), (D) (2)
electric field E. Then (c) (A) (3), (B) (4), (C) (2), (D) (1)
I. the torque on the dipole is p E. (d) (A) (1), (B) (2), (C) (3), (D) (4)
74. Column I Column II
II. the potential energy of the system is p E.
Charge
III. the resultant force on the dipole is zero. (A) Linear charge density (1)
Volume
Which of the above statements is/are correct
(a) I, II and III (b) I and III Charge
(c) Only I (d) I and II (B) Surface charge density (2) Length
70. Select the incorrect statements from the following.
I. Polar molecules have permanent electric dipole moment. Charge
II. CO2 molecule is a polar molecule. (C) Volume charge density (3)
Area
III. H2O is a non-polar molecule.
(D) Discrete charge (4) System consisting of
(a) II and III (b) I and II
distribution ultimate individual
(c) I and III (d) I, II and III
charges
71. Select the correct statements from the following.
(a) A (2), B (3), C (1), D (4)
I. The electric field due to a charge outside the Gaussian (b) A (1), B (3), C (1), D (4)
surface contributes zero net flux through the surface.
(c) A (3), B (1), C (2), D (4)
II. Total flux linked with a closed body, not enclosing any
(d) A (3), B (2), C (1), D (4)
charge will be zero.
75. Column II describe graph for charge distribution given in
III. Total electric flux, if a dipole is enclosed by a surface is
column-I. Match the description.
zero.
Column I Column II
(a) I and II (b) II and III
(c) I and III (d) I, II and III E

MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS (A) Uniformly charged ring (1) r

72. Match Column I and Column II.
Column I Column II
V
1 235 144
(A) Additivity of charge (1) 0 n 92 U 56 Ba +89
36 Kr (B) Infinitely large charge (2)
conducting sheet r
+ 310 n
(B) Conservation of charge (2) –5 C + 15 C = 10 C (C) Infinite non conducting (3) E
(C) Quantisation of charge (3) Gold nucleus repels
alpha particle.
(D) Attraction and (4) q = ne
repulsion r
(a) (A) (3), (B) (2), (C) (4), (D) (1)
(b) (A) (2), (B) (4), (C) (1), (D) (3)
V
(c) (A) (2), (B) (1), (C) (4), (D) (3)
(D) Hollow non conducting (4)
(d) (A) (1), (B) (2), (C) (3), (D) (4)
73. Match the physical quantities in column I and the information sphere
related to them in Column II.
Column I Column II r
(A) Electric dipole moment (1) Vector product
(B) Electric field (2) Scalar product
(C) Electric flux (3) Points towards positive (a) A (1, 2), B (3), C (3), D (4)
charge (b) A (3, 4), B (2), C (3, 1), D (4)
(D) Torque (4) Points away from (c) A (1), B (2), C (3), D (4)
positive charge (d) A (2), B (3), C (4), D (1)
 252 ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDS
76. Match the entries of column I with that of Column II. 78. Match the source of charge given in Column I with
Column I Column II expressions of electric field produced by them in Column II.
(A) Coulomb’s law (1) Total electric flux Column I Column II
through a closed
surface. (A) Point charge (1)
2 0 r
(B) Gauss’s law (2) Vector sum of forces.
(C) Principle of (3) Force is inversely
superposition proportional to square (B) Infinitely long straight (2)
2 0
of distance uniformly charged wire
(D) Quantisation of charge (4) Discrete nature of (C) Uniformly charged (3) 0
charge infinite plane sheet
(a) (A) (2), (B) (3), (C) (1), (D) (4)
q
(b) (A) (3), (B) (1), (C) (2), (D) (4) (D) At a point inside a (4)
4 0 r2
(c) (A) (1), (B) (4), (C) (3), (D) (2) uniformly charged thin
(d) (A) (1), (B) (2), (C) (3), (D) (4) spherical shell.
77. The curves in the graph show the variation of electric field E
with distance r for various kinds of charge distributions given (a) (A) (1), (B) (3), (C) (4), (D) (2)
in Column I. Match them with their correct curves in Column II. (b) (A) (4), (B) (3), (C) (2), (D) (1)
(c) (A) (4), (B) (1), (C) (2), (D) (3)
(d) (A) (2), (B) (4), (C) (1), (D) (3)
Q
R DIAGRAM TYPE QUESTIONS
P 79. The figure shows a charge + q at point P held in equilibrium
E S in air with the help of four + q charges situated at the vertices
of a square. The net electrostatic force on q is given by
Electric field

+q

1 Distance r
+q +q

Column I Column II P
+q
(A) Electric field of a point (1) P +q
sized dipole.
(a) Gauss’s law
(B) Electric field due to an (2) Q
(b) Coulomb’s law
infinitely long straight (c) Principle of superposition
uniformly charged wire. (d) net electric flux out the position of +q.
(C) Electric field due to a (3) R 80. Which of the following graphs shows the correct variation
of force when the distance r between two charges varies ?
uniformly charged
plane sheet. (a) (b)
(D) Electric field due to a (4) S F F
point charge.
Force
Force

(a) (A) (2), (B) (4), (C) - (3), (D) (1)

(b) (A) (4), (B) (3), (C) (2), (D) (1)
(c) (A) (1), (B) (2), (C) (3), (D) (4)
Distance r Distance r
(d) (A) (3), (B) (1), (C) (4), (D) (2)
ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDS 253

(a) y (b) y
(c) (d)
E E
F F

Force
Force

O x O x
a 2a a 2a

Distance r Distance r

81. A large nonconducting sheet M is given a uniform charge

density. Two uncharged small metal rods A and B are placed
y
near the sheet as shown in figure. Then (c) y (d)
M E
E
A B
O x O x
a 2a a 2a

(a) M attracts A (b) M attracts B

(c) A attracts B (d) All of the above
82. A metal sphere is being charged by induction using a 84. In the figure, charge q is placed at origin O. When the charge
q is displaced from its position the electric field at point P
charged rod, but the sequence of diagrams showing the
changes
process misplaced.
y

I. II.
Charged x
rod Ground O q
(a) at the same time when q is displaced.
OP
(b) at a time after where c is the speed of light.
c
III. IV. V.. OP cos
(c) at a time after .
c
Correct order of charging is OP sin
(d) at a time after
(a) I II III IV V c
(b) V II III I IV 85. Figure shows some of the electric field lines corresponding
(c) V II I III IV to an electric field. The figure suggests that
(d) IV II III I V
83. Figure shows two charges of equal magnitude separated by
A B C
a distance 2a. As we move away from the charge situated at
x = 0 to the charge situated at x = 2a, which of the following
graphs shows the correct behaviour of electric field ?
+q +q (a) EA > EB > EC (b) EA = EB = EC
(c) EA = EC > EB (d) EA = EC < EB
x=0 x=a x = 2a
 254 ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDS
86. The spatial distribution of electric field due to charges 89. Which of the following graphs correctly show the change of
(A, B) is shown in figure. Which one of the following electric flux with time t through the surface S when the
statements is correct ? charge +Q is moved away from the surface?

A B
+Q

(a) A is +ve and B –ve, |A| > |B|

(b) A is –ve and B +ve, |A| = |B|
(c) Both are +ve but A > B
(d) Both are –ve but A > B
87. In the figure the net electric flux through the area A is
E A S
when the system is in air. On immersing the system in water
the net electric flux through the area
(a) (b)

Electric flux
Electric flux
Q

Time t Time t
A

(c) (d)

(a) becomes zero (b) remains same

Electric flux
Electric flux

(c) increases (d) decreases

88. Which of the following graphs shows the correct behaviour
of electric flux through the surface S when it is rotated by an
angle 90° clockwise in a uniform electric field?
Time t Time t
S
90. Which of the following graphs shows the correct variation in
45º E magnitude of torque on an electric dipole rotated in a uniform
S electric field from stable equillibrium to unstable equillibrium?

(a) (b)
(a) (b)
Electric flux
Electric flux

Torque

Torque

Angle rotated Angle rotated

Angle rotated ( ) Angle rotated ( )

(c) (d)
Electric flux

(c) (d)
Electric flux

Torque
Torque

Angle rotated ( ) Angle rotated ( )

Angle rotated Angle rotated
ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDS 255
91. Figure shows the part of an infinite plane sheet of charge. 93. Assertion : When bodies are charged through friction,
there is a transfer of electric charge from one body to
+ another, but no creation or destruction of charge.
+ Reason : This follows from conservation of electric charges.
+ +
+ + 94. Assertion : The tyres of aircraft are slightly conducting.
+
O + + A + Reason : If a conductor is connected to ground, the extra
+ charge induced on conductor will flow to ground.
+
+ +
+ 95. Assertion : Some charge is put at the centre of a conducting
+ + + sphere. It will move to the surface of the sphere.
+ Reason : Conducting sphere has no free electrons at the
+ centre.
96. Assertion : Coulomb force and gravitational force follow
the same inverse-square law.
Which of the following graphs correctly shows the behaviour
Reason : Both laws are same in all aspects.
of electric field intensity as we move from point O to A.
97. Assertion : The coulomb force is the dominating force in
the universe.
(a) (b) Reason : The coulomb force is weaker than the gravitational
Electric field

Electric field

E force.
E
98. Assertion : If there exists coulomb attraction between two
bodies, both of them may not be charged.
O Distance A O Distance A Reason : In coulomb attraction two bodies are oppositely
charged.
99. Assertion : A deuteron and an -particle are placed in an
(c) (d) electric field. If F1 and F2 be the forces acting on them and
Electric field

Electric field

a1 and a2 be their accelerations respectively then, a1 = a2.

E E Reason : Forces will be same in electric field.
100. Assertion : The property that the force with which two
charges attract or repel each other are not affected by the
O Distance A O Distance A presence of a third charge.
92. A charge q is placed at the centre of the open end of a Reason : Force on any charge due to a number of other
cylindrical vessel. The flux of the electric field through the charge is the vector sum of all the forces on that charge
surface of the vessel is due to other charges, taken one at a time.
101. Assertion : A metallic shield in form of a hollow shell may be
q built to block an electric field.
Reason : In a hollow spherical shield, the electric field inside
it is zero at every point.
102. Assertion : A point charge is brought in an electric field, the
field at a nearby point will increase or decrease, depending
(a) zero (b) q/ o
on the nature of charge.
(c) q/2 o (d) 2q/ o
Reason : The electric field is independent of the nature of
ASSERTION- REASON TYPE QUESTIONS charge.
103. Assertion : Consider two identical charges placed distance
Directions : Each of these questions contain two statements, 2d apart, along x-axis.
Assertion and Reason. Each of these questions also has four
alternative choices, only one of which is the correct answer. You
have to select one of the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) given below.
(a) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is a correct
explanation for assertion.
(b) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is not a
correct explanation for assertion The equilibrium of a positive test charge placed at the point
(c) Assertion is correct, reason is incorrect O midway between them is stable for displacements along
the x-axis.
(d) Assertion is incorrect, reason is correct.
Reason: Force on test charge is zero.
 256 ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDS
104. Assertion : When a conductor is placed in an external CRITICAL THINKING TYPE QUESTIONS
electrostatic field, the net electric field inside the conductor
becomes zero after a small instant of time. 113. The metal knob of a gold leaf electroscope is touched with a
Reason : It is not possible to set up an electric field inside a positively charged rod. When it is taken away the leaves
conductor. stay separated. Now the metal knob is touched by negatively
105. Assertion : A uniformly charged disc has a pin hole at its charged rod. The separation between the leaves
centre. The electric field at the centre of the disc is zero. (a) increases
(b) decreases
Reason : Disc can be supposed to be made up of many (c) remains same
rings. Also electric field at the centre of uniformly charged (d) first increases then decreases.
ring is zero. 114. Two identical metal spheres A and B are supported on
106. Assertion : Electric lines of field cross each other. insulating stands and placed in contact. What kind of charges
Reason : Electric field at a point superimpose to give one will A and B develop when a negatively charged ebonite rod
resultant electric field. is brought near A?
107. Assertion : On bringing a positively charged rod near the (a) A will have a positive charge and B will have a negative
uncharged conductor, the conductor gets attracted towards charge
the rod. (b) A will have a negative charge and B will have a positive
Reason : The electric field lines of the charged rod are charge
perpendicular to the surface of conductor. (c) Both A and B will have positive charges
108. Assertion : Four point charges q1, q2, q3 and q4 are as (d) Both A and B will have negative charges
shown in figure. The flux over the shown Gaussian surface 115. The force of repulsion between two electrons at a certain
depends only on charges q1 and q2. distance is F. The force between two protons separated by
the same distanceis (mp = 1836 me)
q4 (a) 2 F (b) F
F
q1 (c) 1836 F (d)
1836
q2 116. The force between two small charged spheres having
Gaussian charges of 1 × 10–7 C and 2 × 10–7 C placed 20 cm apart
surface in air is
q3 (a) 4.5 × 10–2 N (b) 4.5 × 10–3 N
(c) 5.4 × 10 N –2 (d) 5.4 × 10–3 N
Reason : Electric field at all points on Gaussian surface 117. Two charge q and –3q are placed fixed on x–axis separated
depends only on charges q1 and q2. by distance d. Where should a third charge 2q be placed
109. Assertion : On disturbing an electric dipole in stable such that it will not experience any force ?
equillibrium in an electric field, it returns back to its stable q –3q
equillibrium orientation.
Reason : A restoring torque acts on the dipole on being A d B
disturbed from its stable equillibrium.
d 3d d 3d
110. Assertion : On going away from a point charge or a small (a) (b)
2 2
electric dipole, electric field decreases at the same rate in
both the cases. d 3d d 3d
Reason : Electric field is inversely proportional to square (c) (d)
2 2
of distance from the charge or an electric dipole. 118. Two insulated charged metalic sphere P and Q have their
111. Assertion : The electric flux of the electric field E dA is centres separated by a distance of 60 cm. The radii of P
and Q are negligible compared to the distance of
zero. The electric field is zero everywhere on the surface. separation. The mutual force of electrostatic repulsion if
Reason : The charge inside the surface is zero. the charge on each is 3.2 × 10–7 C is
112. Assertion : On moving a distance two times the initial (a) 5.2 × 10–4 N (b) 2.5 × 10–3 N
distance away from an infinitely long straight uniformly (c) 1.5 × 10 N–3 (d) 3.5 × 10–4 N
charged wire the electric field reduces to one third of the 119. If a charge q is placed at the centre of the line joining two
initial value. equal charges Q such that the system is in equilibrium then
Reason : The electric field is inversely proportional to the the value of q is
distance from an infinitely long straight uniformly charged (a) Q/2 (b) –Q/2
wire. (c) Q/4 (d) –Q/4
ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDS 257
120. Two positive ions, each carrying a charge q, are separated 125. A uniformly charged conducting sphere of 4.4 m diameter
by a distance d. If F is the force of repulsion between the has a surface charge density of 60 C m–2. The charge on
ions, the number of electrons missing from each ion will be the sphere is
(e being the charge of an electron) (a) 7.3 × 10–3C (b) 3.7 × 10–6 C
(c) 7.3 × 10–6 C (d) 3.7 × 10–3 C
4 0 Fd 2 4 0 Fe 2
(a) (b) 126. A rod of length 2.4 m and radius 4.6 mm carries a negative
e2 d2 charge of 4.2 × 10–7 C spread uniformly over it surface.
The electric field near the mid–point of the rod, at a point
4 0 Fd 2 4 0 Fd 2 on its surface is
(c) (d)
e2 q2 (a) –8.6 × 105 N C–1 (b) 8.6 × 104 N C–1
(c) –6.7 × 10 N C 5 –1 (d) 6.7 × 104 N C–1
121. Three charge q, Q and 4q are placed in a straight line of
127. If electric field in a region is radially outward with magnitude
1 E = Ar, the charge contained in a sphere of radius r centred at
length l at points distant 0, and l respectively from one
2 the origin is
end. In order to make the net froce on q zero, the charge Q
must be equal to 1
(a) A r3 (b) 4 oAr
3
(a) –q (b) – 2q 4 o
q
(c) (d) q 4
2 1 A oA
(c) (d)
122. Force between two identical charges placed at a distance of 4 o r 3
r3
r in vacuum is F. Now a slab of dielectric of dielectric contrant 128. The electric field intensity just sufficient to balance the earth’s
4 is inserted between these two charges. If the thickness of gravitational attraction on an electron will be: (given mass
the slab is r/2, then the force between the charges will
31
become and charge of an electron respectively are 9.1 10 kg and
3
(a) F (b) F 1.6 10 19 C .)
5 (a) –5.6 × 10–11 N/C (b) –4.8 × 10–15 N / C
4 F (c) –1.6 × 10 N/C–19 (d) –3.2 × 10–19 N / C
(c) F (d)
9 2 129. The insulation property of air breaks down when the electric
123. Two particle of equal mass m and charge q are placed at a field is 3 × 106 Vm–1. The maximum charge that can be given
distance of 16 cm. They do not experience any force. The to a sphere of diameter 5 m is approximately
q (a) 2 × 10–2 C (b) 2 × 10–3 C
value of is –4
m (c) 2 × 10 C (d) 2 × 10–5 C
130. ABC is an equilateral triangle. Charges +q are placed at
0 each corner as shown in fig. The electric intensity at centre
(a) l (b)
G O will be
G +q A
(c) 4 (d) 4 0G
0
124. A metallic spherical shell has an inner radius R1 and outer r
radius R2. A charge is placed at the centre of the shperical
cavity. The surface charge density on the inner surface is O
r r
+q +q
R2 B C
R1
+q
1 q 1 q
(a) (b)
4 o r 4 o r2

1 3q
(c) (d) zero
q q 4 r2o
(a) (b)
4 R12 4 R12 131. A hollow insulated conduction sphere is given a positive
charge of 10 C. What will be the electric field at the centre
q2 q of the sphere if its radius is 2 m?
(c) (d) (b) 5 Cm–2
4 R22 4 R22 (a) Zero
(c) 20 Cm –2 (d) 8 Cm–2
 258 ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDS
132. The number of electric lines of force that radiate outwards 140. Intensity of an electric field (E) depends on distance r, due to
from one coulomb of charge in vacuum is a dipole, is related as
(a) 1.13 × 1011 (b) 1.13 × 1010 1 1
(c) 0.61 × 10 11 (d) 0.61 × 109 (a) E (b) E
r r2
133. A square surface of side L meter in the plane of the paper is
placed in a uniform electric field E (volt/m) acting along the 1 1
(c) E (d) E
same plane at an angle with the horizontal side of the r3 r4
square as shown in Figure. The electric flux linked to the 141. An electric dipole has the magnitude of its charge as q and
surface is its dipole moment is p. It is placed in uniform electric field E.
If its dipole moment is along the direction of the field, the
E force on it and its potential energy are respectively.
(a) q.E and max. (b) 2 q.E and min.
(c) q.E and min (d) zero and min.
142. An electric dipole of moment ´p´ is placed in an electric field
of intensity ´E´. The dipole acquires a position such that
the axis of the dipole makes an angle with the direction of
the field. Assuming that the potential energy of the dipole to
be zero when = 90°, the torque and the potential energy of
(a) EL2 (b) EL2 cos
the dipole will respectively be
(c) EL2 sin (d) zero (a) p E sin , – p E cos (b) p E sin , –2 p E cos
134. A charged particle q is placed at the centre O of cube of (c) p E sin , 2 p E cos (d) p E cos , – p E cos
length L (A B C D E F G H). Another same charge q is placed 143. If the dipole of moment 2.57 × 10–17 cm is placed into an
at a distance L from O. Then the electric flux through ABCD electric field of magnitude 3.0 × 104 N/C such that the fields
is lines are aligned at 30° with the line joining P to the dipole,
E F what torque acts on the dipole?
D
C (a) 7.7 × 10–13 Nm (b) 3.855 × 10–13 Nm
O (c) 3.855 × 10 Nm –15 (d) 7.7 × 10–15 Nm
q q
H 144. An electric dipole is placed at an angle of 30° with an electric
G
field of intensity 2 × 105 NC–1, It experiences a torque of 4
A
B Nm. Calculate the charge on the dipole if the dipole length is
L
(a) q /4 0L (b) zero 2 cm.
(c) q/2 0L (d) q/3 0L (a) 8 mC (b) 4 mC
135. If the electric flux entering and leaving an enclosed surface (c) 8 C (d) 2 mC
respectively is 1 and 2, the electric charge inside the surface 145. On decreasing the distance between the two charges of a
will be dipole which is perpendicular to electric field and decreasing
(a) ( 2 + 2) × o (b) ( 2 – 2) × o the angle between the dipole and electric field, the torque on
(c) ( 1 + 2) × o (d) ( 2 – 1) × o the dipole
136. In a region of space having a uniform electric field E, a (a) increases (b) decreases
hemispherical bowl of radius r is placed. The electric flux (c) remains same (d) cannot be predicted.
through the bowl is 146. An electric dipole is put in north-south direction in a
(a) 2 RE (b) 4 R2E sphere filled with water. Which statement is correct?
(c) 2 R E 2 (d) R2E (a) Electric flux is coming towards sphere
137. A cylinder of radius R and length is placed in a uniform (b) Electric flux is coming out of sphere
electric field E parallel to the axis of the cylinder. The total (c) Electric flux entering into sphere and leaving the
flux over the curved surface of the cylinder is sphere are same
(a) zero (b) R2E (d) Water does not permit electric flux to enter into
(c) 2 R2E (d) E / R2 sphere
138. At the centre of a cubical box + Q charge is placed. The 147. The surface density on the copper sphere is . The electric
value of total flux that is coming out a wall is field strength on the surface of the sphere is
(a) Q / o (b) Q / 3 o (a) (b) /2
(c) Q / 4 o (d) Q / 6 o (c) Q / 2 o (d) Q / o
139. The electric intensity due to a dipole of length 10 cm and 148. A charge Q is enclosed by a Gaussian spherical surface of
having a charge of 500 C, at a point on the axis at a distance radius R. If the radius is doubled, then the outward electric
20 cm from one of the charges in air, is flux will
(a) 6.25 × 107 N/C (b) 9.28 × 107 N/C (a) increase four times (b) be reduced to half
(c) 13.1 × 10 N/C11 (d) 20.5 × 107 N/C (c) remain the same (d) be doubled
ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDS 259

33. (c) 34. (d) 35. (d)

FACT / DEFINITION TYPE QUESTIONS
36. (d) For distances far away from centre of dipole
1. (c) 2. (d)
1 2p
3. (b) When we say that a body is charged, we always mean E axis Ea
that the body is having excess of electrons (negatively 4 0 r3
charged) or is of deficient of electrons (positively
1 p
charged). Eequa = E e
4. (a) Valence electrons are outermost electrons these can 4 0 r3
get transferred on rubbing.
5. (d) 6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (d) d 1 d 3
Ea 2p r
10. (a) A body with charge is called charged body. A body dr 4 0 dr
without charge is called neutral body.When we say
that a body is charged, either it has excess electrons 1 p
6 ... (i)
or it has lesser elctrons as compared to number of 4 0 r4
protons inside body.
11. (c) 12. (c) d 1 d 3
Ee p r
13. (a) Comb induces charge on paper due to which paper is dr 4 0 dr
attracted towards the comb.
14. (b) When some charge is given to conductor it spreads 1 p
3 ... (ii)
on its surface. When some charge is given to 4 0 r4
insulator, it remains there, it do not spread, Free From equation (i) and (ii) the magnitude of change in
charges in conductor interact with added charge, so electric field w.r.t. distance is more in case of axis of
added charge spreads on surface to be in equilibrium. dipole as compared to equatorial plane.
15. (d) 37. (b)
16. (c) Electron having a charge of –1.6 × 10–19C undergoes 38. (b) The direction of electric field at equatorial point A or
annihilation with it’s antiparticle positron having a B will be in opposite direction, as that of direction of
charge of +1.6 × 10–19C as dipole moment.
e e
Net charge before annihilation A
19 19
= 1.6 10 C 1.6 10 C 0
Net charge after annihilation = 0 + 0 = 0
i.e., net charge remains same.
17. (d) 18. (c) 19. (d) 20. (b)
21. (b) Electric field is directly proportional to the magnitude B
of charge and inversely proportional to the square of
P
the distance from the charge. Therefore charge +Q
produce a comparatively stronger electric field than +q 39. (b) 40. (b) 41. (a)
which get at cancelled with each other at a point closer 42. (a) Dipole is formed when two equal and unlike charges
to +q. are placed at a short distance.
22. (d) 23. (b) 24. (d)
43. (b) Given : Dipole moment of the dipole = p and uniform
25. (b) If charge particle is put at rest in electric field, then it
will move along line of force. electric field = E . We know that dipole moment (p) = q.a
26. (d) For linear isotropic dielectric, (where q is the charge and a is dipole length). And when
polarization P = eE,
a dipole of dipole moment p is placed in uniform electric
P E,
27. (c) By Gauss Law field E , then Torque ( ) = Either force × perpendicular
28. (a) 29. (c) 30. (d) 31. (a) distance between the two forces = qaEsin or
N m2 J m pE sin or p E (vector form)
32. (c) S.I. unit of electric flux is =
C C
2kp kp
= Volt × m. 44. (b) We have Ea = and Ee = 3 ; Ea = 2Ee
3 r
r
 260 ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDS
45. (a) 57. (c) Electric field near the conductor surface is given by
46. (c) +q and it is perpendicular to surface.
F1 0
58. (b) 59. (a) 60. (b) 61. (d)
E1
STATEMENT TYPE QUESTIONS
F2
E2 62. (c) Like charges repel
–q
The electric field will be different at the location of force Unlike charges attract
on the two charges. Therefore the two charges will be To specify particular charge on body, term used is
unequal. This will result in a force as well as torque. polarity.
47. (c) On rubbing, plastic rod acquires negative charge,
cat’s fur acquires positive charge. There are only two
48. (b) Given : Dipole moment of the dipole = p and uniform kinds of charges: +, –.
electric field = E . We know that dipole moment (p) = q.a 63. (c) Milikan demonstrated the quantisation of charge
experimentally. Charge on electron = – e = –1.6 × 100–
(where q is the charge and a is dipole length). And when 19C. Addition of charge can occur in integral
a dipole of dipole moment p is placed in uniform electric multiples of e.
64. (b) Nuclear force binds the protons and neutrons in the
field E , then Torque ( ) = Either force × perpendicular nucleus of an atom.
distance between the two forces = qaEsin or 65. (b) (i) Electrostatic field is zero inside a charged
pE sin or p E (vector form) conductor or neutral conductor.
49. (b) (ii) Electrostatic field at the surface of a charged
50. (b) Gauss’s law is applicable only for closed surface and conductor must be normal to the surface at every
for the charge placed inside it not near it. point.
1 (iii) There is no net charge at any point inside the
Total electric flux, Q conductor and any excess charge must reside at
0
the surface.
51. (a) Gaussian surface cannot pass through any discrete 66. (d)
charge because electric field due to a system of discrete 67. (a) Consider a system of charges q1,q2, ..., qn with
charges is not well defined at the location of the charges. position vectors r1,r2 ...,rn relative to some origin O.
But the Gaussian surface can pass through a Like the field due to a single charage, electric field at
continuous charge distribution. a point in space due to the system of charges is
52. (a) Gauss's law is valid for any closed surface, no matter defined to be the force experienced by a unit test
what its shape or size. charge placed at that point,, without disturbing the
53. (a) According to Gauss’s law total electric flux through a original position of charges q1, q2, ..., qn. We can use
1 Coulomb’s law and the superposition principale to
closed surface is times the total charge inside that determine this field.
surface.
0
68. (a) Electric field lines start from positive charge and end at
q negative charge so they do not form closed loops.
Electric flux, E= 69. (b) In a uniform electric field E, dipole experiences a torque
0
Charge on -particle = 2e given by
2e p E
E= And potential energy of the dipole is
0
54. (c) The electric field due to an infinitely straight uniformly U – p.E
charged wire at any distance r 70. (a) Polar molecules have permanent electric dipole moment.
71. (d)
E 1
2 E MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS
0r r
55. (c) E .dA 0, represents charge inside close surface is 72. (c) (A) (2); (B) (1) because total charge on L.H.S. is
zero. Electric field as any point on the surface may be equal to total charge on R.H.S. (C) (4) charge q is
zero. integer times the charge on an electron (D) (3) because
56. (a) Electric charge resides only on the surface of a both are positively charged.
spherical shell. According to Gauss's theorem the 73. (a) Electric dipole moment points from negative charge to
total electric flux over a closed surface is equal to the positive charge. Electric field points away from positive
1 charge. Electric flux is the scalar product of electric
times the total charge enclosed by the closed field and area vector and torque is vector product of
0 electric dipole moment and electric field.
surface.
ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDS 261
charge 88. (a) The flux through the surface S is given by = ES cos .
74. (a) Linear charge density, = When surface is rotated takes values 45° 0° – 45°
Length
cos has maximum value at 0° therefore. The flux first
charge
Surface charge density, = increases, attain a maximum value and then decreases.
Area
89. (c) Since electric field due to a point charge is inversely
charge proportional to the square of distance therefore the
Volume charge density, =
volume field decreases at the place of surface S as the charge
75. (a) 76. (b)
+ Q moves away. Therefore the flux given by E S
1
77. (d) For a point sized dipole E , for an infinitely long also decreases.
r3 90. (a) Torque is given by t = pE sin q. When the dipole is
straight uniformly charged wire E 1 and for a point rotated from stable equillibrium to unstable equillibrium,
r takes values as 0° 90° 180° and sin takes
1 corresponding values as 0 1 0. Therefore torque
charge E .
r2 increases from 0, attains maximum value and then again
Therefore as distance decreases the increase in electric decreases to zero.
field is maximum for dipole [curve(c)], then for point 91. (c) The electric field due to a uniformly charged infinite
charge [curve (b)] and then for charged wire (curve
(a)). The electric field is constant for a uniformly charged plane sheet is given by E nˆ which is
2 0
plane sheet.
78. (c) independent of distance from the sheet. Therefore field
remains constant.
DIAGRAM TYPE QUESTIONS 92. (a) The flux is zero according to Gauss’ Law because it is a
open surface which enclosed a charge q.
79. (c) The weight mg of the charge hold in air is in equillibrium
with net electrostatic force exerted by the four charges ASSERTION- REASON TYPE QUESTIONS
situated at the corners. The net electrostatic force is
given by the vector sum of the individual forces exerted 93. (a) Conservation of electric charge states that the total
by the charges at the corners. This is principle of charge of an isolated system remains unchanged with
superposition. time
Kq1q 2 94. (b) Both the statements are independently correct.
80. (d) From Coulomb’s law F = i.e., F 1 which is 95. (a) Because of repulsion, the free electrons will mole to the
r2 r2
correctly shown by graph (d). outer surface.
81. (d) 96. (c) Coulomb force and gravitational force follow the
82. (c) When charged rod is brought near uncharged same inverse-square law. But gravitational force has
conductor near end of conductor has opposite only one sign which is always attractive, while
charge.When for end of this conductor is connected coulomb force can be of both signs which are
is ground (i.e., earthed), charge of far end flows down attractive and repulasive.
to ground when for end connection and rod are 97. (d) Gravitational force is the dominating force in nature
removed charge on conductor spreads uniformly on and not coulomb's force. Gravitational force is the
surface. weakest force. Also, Coulomb's force > > gravitational
83. (a) For the distances close to the charge at x = 0 the field is force.
very high and is in positive direction of x-axis. As we 98. (b) Coulomb attraction exists even when one body is
move towards the other charge the net electric field charged, and the other is uncharged.
becomes zero at x = a thereafter the influence of charge 99. (c) qd = e, md = 2mp = 2m
at x = 2a dominates and net field increases in negative q = 2e, m = 4mp = 4m
direction of x-axis and grows unboundedly as we come F1 = F = eE, F2 = F = 2eE F1
closer and closer to the charge at x = 2a.
84. (b) The electric field around a charge propagates with the F1 eE
Further, a1
speed of light away from the charge. Therefore the 2m 2m
distance OP F2 2eE eE
required time = .
speed c and a 2 a1 s
2m 4m 2m
85. (c)
86. (a) Since lines of force starts from A and ends at B, so A is 100. (b) Force on any charge due to a number of other
+ve and B is –ve. Lines of forces are more crowded charges is the vector sum of all the forces on that
near A, so A > B. charge due to the other charges, taken one at a time.
The individual force are unaffected due to the
87. (d) Since electric field E decreases inside water, therefore presence of other charges. This is the principle of
flux .A also decreases. superposition of charges.
 262 ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDS
101. (a) The electrostatic shielding is possible by metallic 116. (b) Here, q1 = 1 × 10–7C,
q2 and 2 × 10–7 C,
conductor. –2
r = 20 cm = 20 × 10 m
102. (c) The electric field will increase if positive charge is
brought in an electric field.
q1 q2
As F = 2
103. (b) If +ve charge is displaced along x-axis, then net force 4 0r
will always act in a direction opposite to that of
displacement and the test charge will always come back 9 109 1 10 7
2 10 7

to its original position. = = 4.5 × 10–3 N

(20 10 2 )2
104. (c) Statement-1 is correct. The induced field cancels the
external field. Statement-2 is false. When a current is 117. (b)
set up in a conductor, there exists an electric field 2q q –3q
inside it. P A B
105. (a) The electric field due to disc is superposition of electric d
field due to its constituent ring as given in Reason. Let a charge 2q be placed at P, at a distance I from
106. (d) Two field lines never intersect. A where charge q is placed, as shown in figure.
107. (b) Though the net charge on the conductor is still zero The charge 2q will not experience any force, when
but due to induction negatively charged region is nearer force, when force of repulsion on it due to q is
to the rod as compared to the positively charged region. balanced by force of attraction on it due to –3q at B
That is why the conductor gets attracted towards the where AB = d
rod.
108. (d) Electric field at any point depends on presence of all (2q)(q ) (2q )( 3q)
or 2
charges. 4 0 4 0( d )2
109. (a) The restoring torque brings it back to its stable ( + d)2 = 3 2
equillibrium.
or 2 2 – 2 d – d2 = 0
110. (d) The rate of decrease of electric field is different in the
two cases. In case of a point charge, it decreases as
2d 4d 2 2d 2 d 3d
1/r2 but in the case of electric dipole it decreases =
more rapidly, as E 1/r3. 4 2 2

111. (d) E.A EA cos , this value can be zero, if either E is d 3d

=
zero or = 90°. But it must show that net charge inside 2
close surface is zero. 118. (b) Here q1 = q2 = 3.2 × 10–7 C, r = 60 cm = 0.6 m
112. (a) Since for an infinitely long straight uniformly charged 1 q1q2
Electrostatic force, F =
wire, E on moving a distance two times the 4 0 r2
2 0r

initial distance away from wire, the distance from wire 9 109 (3.2 10 7 ) 2
= = 2.56 × 10–3 N
becomes 3r. Therefore final value of electric field (0.6) 2
E 119. (d) Let q charge is situated at the mid position of the line
E . AB. The distance between AB is x. A and B be the
2 0 3r 3
positions of charges Q and Q respectively.
CRITICALTHINKING TYPE QUESTIONS A C B
Q Q
x q x
113. (b) On touching the metal knob with a positively charged
2 2
rod some electrons from the gold leaves get transferred x
to the rod making gold leaves positively charged and
they get separated. When a negatively charged rod is x x
Let AC , BC
touched with metal knob some negative charge flows 2 2
to the gold leaves lessening the positive charge there The force on A due to charge q at C,
and the separation between the leaves decreases.
114. (a) 1 Q.q
F CA . along AC
115. (b) Electrostatic force is given by 4 0 ( x / 2) 2
1 q1q 2 The force on A due to charge Q at B
F
4 0 r2 1 Q2
F AB . along BA
Here, charge and distance are same. So, force between 4 0 x2
two protons will be same
ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDS 263
The system is in equilibrium, then two oppositely 124. (b) When a charge + q is placed at the centre of spherical
directed force must be equal, i.e., total force on A is as shown in figure.
equal to zero. +q
R2
F CA F AB 0 F CA F AB
–q
1 4Q.q –1 Q2
. . R1
+q
4 0 x2 4 0 x2

Q
q
4
Charge induced on the inner surface of shell
120. (c) Let n be the number of electrons missing.
=–q ... (i)
1 q2 Charge induced on the outer surface of shell
F q 4 2
4 d2 0d F ne =+q ... (ii)
0
q
2 Surface charge density on the inner surface = 4 R 2
4 0 Fd
n 1
e2
125. (d) Here, D = 2r = 4.4 m, or = r = 2.2 m
121. (a) (Fnet )q 0 = 60 C m–2
Charge on the sphere, q = × 4 r2
Qq 4q 2 22
k k 0
2 2 = 60 × 10–6 × 4 × × (2.2)2 = 3.7 × 10–3 C
7
2 126. (c) Here, = 2.4 m, r = 4.6 mm = 4.6 × 10–3 m
q = – 4.2 × 10–7 C
/2 /2
q
q Q 4q Linear charge density,

1 7
where k 4.2 10
4 = = –1.75 ×10–7 C m–1
0 2.4
4Qq + 4q2 = 0
Q=–q Electric field, E = 2
0r
7
1 q2 1.75 10
122. (c) In vacuum, F …(i) = 12 3
r2 4 0 2 3.14 8.854 10 4.6 10
Suppose, force between the chrages is same when = –6.7 × 105 N C–1
charges are r distance apart in dielectric. q q 3
127. (b) E Ar q 4 o Ar
2 2
4 r 4 r
1 q2 o 0
F' …(ii) 128. (a) – eE = mg
4 0 kr '2
31
9.1 10 10
From (i) and (ii), kr'2 = r2 or, r kr ' E = 5.6 10
11
N/C
19
In the given situation, force between the charges would 1.6 10
be
kQ E r2 3 106 (2.5)2
129. (b) E Q
1 q2 4 q2 4F r2 k 9 109
F'
4 2 9 4 0r2 9
0 r r 3
4 2 10 C
2 2
130. (d) Unit positive charge at O will be repelled equally by
123. (d) They will not experience any force if | FG | | Fe | three charges at the three corners of triangle. By
symmetry, resultant E at O would be zero.
m2 1 q2 q 131. (a) Charge resides on the outer surface of a conducting
G . 4 0G
(16 10 2 )2 4 0 (16 10 2 ) 2 m hollow sphere of radius R. We consider a spherical
surface of radius r < R.
 264 ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDS
By Gauss theorem
140. (c) Intensity of electric field due to a Dipole
++ +++
++ +
+ +
+ + p 1
+
+ R + E
+ +
E=
4 0r
3 3cos 2 1 r3
O
+ S +
+ r + 141. (d) When the dipole is in the direction of field then net
+ E +
+ + force is qE + (–qE) = 0
+ +
++
+ + ++ E
–q a q
1 1
E.ds charge enclosed or E 4 r 2 0
s 0 0 and its potential energy is minimum = – p.E.
E 0 = – qaE
i.e electric field inside a hollow sphere is zero. 142. (a) The torque on the dipole is given as
132. (a) Here, q = 1 C, 8.85 × 10–12 C2N–1m–2 = PE sin
Number of lines of force = Electric force The potential energy of the dipole in the electric field is
given as
q 1 U = – PE cos
= 12
= 1.13 × 1011
0 8.85 10
17 N 1
143. (b) 2.57 10 Cm 3.0 10 4
133. (d) Electric flux, = EA cos , where C 2
= angle between E and normal to the surface.
13
3.855 10 Nm.
Here 144. (d) Torque, p E pE sin
2
0 4 = p × 2 × 105 × sin 30°
134. (b) The flux for both the charges exactly cancels the effect 4
or, p = 4 10 5 Cm
of each other. 2 10 sin 30 5
135. (d) Dipole moment, p = q × l
136. (c) E (ds) cos E (2 r 2 ) cos 0º 2 r 2 E .
p 4 10 5
137. (a) For the curved surface, = 90º q 2 10 3 C 2mC
l 0.02
E ds cos90º 0 . 145. (b) Since = pE sin on decreasing the distance between
138. (d) According to Gauss’ Law the two charges, and on decreasing angle between
Q enclosed by closed surface the dipole and electric field, sin decreases therefore
E.ds flux torque decreases.
o 146. (c) If electric dipole, the flux coming out from positive
so total flux = Q/ o charge is equal to the flux coming in at negative
Since cube has six face, so flux coming out through one charge i.e. total charge on sphere = 0. From Gauss
wall or one face is Q/6 o. law, total flux passing through the sphere = 0.
139. (a) Given : Length of the dipole (2l) = 10cm = 0.1m or l = 147. (d) According to Gauss's theorem,
0.05 m
q
Charge on the dipole (q) = 500 C = 500 × 10–6 C and E ds Here ds 4 R2
distance of the point on the axis from the mid-point of 0
the dipole (r) = 20 + 5 = 25 cm = 0.25 m.
q / 4 R2
We know that the electric field intensity due to dipole E [ q / 4 R2 ]
on the given point (E) 0

1 2(q.2l )r or E / o
= 2 2 2
4 0 (r l ) Q in
148. (c) By Gauss’s theorem, =
6 0
2(500 10 0.1) 0.25
9 109 Thus, the net flux depends only on the charge enclosed
[(0.25) 2 (0.05) 2 ]2 by the surface. Hence, there will be no effect on the net
flux if the radius of the surface is doubled.
225 10 3
= 6.25 10 7 N / C (k = 1 for air)
3
3.6 10
 17
ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL
AND CAPACITANCE
FACT / DEFINITION TYPE QUESTIONS 7. A unit charge moves on an equipotential surface from a
point A to point B, then
1. In a region of constant potential (a) VA – VB = + ve (b) VA – VB = 0
(a) the electric field is uniform (c) VA – VB = – ve (d) it is stationary
(b) the electric field is zero 8. An equipotential surface is that surface
(c) the electric field shall necessarily change if a charge is (a) on which each and every point has the same potential
placed outside the region (b) which has negative potential
(d) None of these (c) which has positive potential
2. The electric potential inside a conducting sphere (d) which has zero potential
(a) increases from centre to surface 9. To obtain 3 F capacity from three capacitors of 2 F each,
(b) decreases from centre to surface they will be arranged.
(c) remains constant from centre to surface (a) all the three in series
(d) is zero at every point inside (b) all the three in parallel
3. It becomes possible to define potential at a point in an electric (c) two capacitors in series and the third in parallel with
field because electric field the combinatioin of first two
(a) is a conservative field (d) two capacitors in parallel and the third in series with
(b) is a non-conservative field the combinatioin of first two
(c) is a vector field 10. There are two metallic spheres of same radii but one is
(d) obeys principle of superposition solid and the other is hollow, then
4. Which of the following about potential at a point due to a (a) solid sphere can be given more charge
given point charge is true ? (b) hollow sphere can be given more charge
The potential at a point P due to a given point charge (c) they can be charged equally (maximum)
(a) is a function of distance from the point charge. (d) None of the above
(b) varies inversely as the square of distance from the point 11. If a unit positive charge is taken from one point to another
charge. over an equipotential surface, then
(c) is a vector quantity (a) work is done on the charge
(d) is directly proportional to the square of distance from (b) work is done by the charge
the point charge. (c) work done is constant
5. Which of the following quantities do not depend on the choice (d) no work is done
of zero potential or zero potential energy? 12. On moving a charge of Q coulomb by X cm, W J of work is
(a) Potential at a point done, then the potential difference between the points is
(b) Potential difference between two points W Q Q2
(c) Potential energy of a two-charge system (a) V (b) QW V (c) V (d) V
Q W W
(d) None of these
6. A cube of a metal is given a positive charge Q. For this 13. The positive terminal of 12 V battery is connected to the
system, which of the following statements is true? ground. Then the negative terminal will be at
(a) Electric potential at the surface of the cube is zero (a) – 6 V (b) + 12 V (c) zero (d) – 12 V
(b) Electric potential within the cube is zero 14. The maximum electric field that a dielectric medium can
(c) Electric field is normal to the surface of the cube withstand without break-down is called its
(d) Electric field varies within the cube (a) permittivity (b) dielectric constant
(c) electric susceptibility (d) dielectric strength
 266 ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE
15. The potential energy of a system of two charges is negative 24. Energy is stored in a capacitor in the form of
when (a) electrostatic energy (b) magnetic energy
(a) both the charges are positive (c) light energy (d) heat energy
(b) both the charges are negative 25. If in a parallel plate capacitor, which is connected to a battery,
(c) one charge is positive and other is negative we fill dielectrics in whole space of its plates, then which of
(d) both the charges are separated by infinite distance the following increases?
16. The electric potential at a point on the equatorial line of an (a) Q and V (b) V and E
electric dipole is
(c) E and C (d) Q and C
(a) directly proportional to distance
26. A capacitor works in
(b) inversely proportional to distance
(c) inversely proportional to square of the distance (a) A. C. circuits (b) D. C. circuits
(d) None of these (c) both (a) and (b) (d) neither (a) nor (b)
17. An electric dipole is kept in non-uniform elecric field. it 27. In a charged capacitor, the energy is stored in
experiences (a) the negative charges
(a) a force and a torque (b) the positive charges
(b) a force but not a torque (c) the field between the plates
(c) a torque but not a force (d) both (a) and (b)
(d) Neither a force nor a torque 28. A sheet of aluminium foil of negligible thickness is introduced
18. The value of electric potential at any point due to any electric between the plates of a capacitor. The capacitance of the
dipole is capacitor
p r p r (a) decreases (b) remains unchanged
(a) k. (b) k.
r 2
r3 (c) becomes infinite (d) increases
p.r
29. The potential gradient at which the dielectric of a
p.r
(c) k. (d) k. condenser just gets punctured is called
r2 r3
(a) dielectric constant (b) dielectric strength
19. An electric dipole of moment p is placed normal to the lines (c) dielectric resistance (d) dielectric number
of force of electric intensity E , then the work done in 30. When air in a capacitor is replaced by a medium of
deflecting it through an angle of 180° is dielectric constant K, the capacity
(a) pE (b) + 2pE (a) decreases K times (b) increases K times
(c) – 2pE (d) zero (c) increases K2 times (d) remains constant
20. The energy required to charge a parallel plate condenser 31. A parallel plate condenser is immersed in an oil of dielectric
of plate separation d and plate area of cross-section A constant 2. The field between the plates is
such that the uniform electric field between the plates is
(a) increased, proportional to 2
E, is
1 1
(a) E2Ad (b) 2 (b) decreased, proportional to
0 E Ad 2
2
1 (c) increased, proportional to – 2
(c) 2 E2/Ad
0 E /Ad (d)
2 1
21. A hollow metal sphere of radius 5 cm is charged such that (d) decreased, proportional to
2
the potential on its surface is 10 V. The potential at a distance
of 2 cm from the centre of the sphere is 32. A conductor carries a certain charge. When it is connected
(a) zero (b) 10 V (c) 4 V (d) 10/3 V to another uncharged conductor of finite capacity, then the
22. A charge is brought from a point on the equatorial plane of a energy of the combined system is
dipole to its mid-point. Which of the following quantities (a) more than that of the first conductor
remains constant ? (b) less than that of the first conductor
(a) Electric field (c) equal to that of the first conductor
(b) Force on the charge brought. (d) uncertain
(c) Torque exerted by the charge on dipole. 33. The energy stored in a condenser of capacity C which has
(d) Electric potential been raised to a potential V is given by
23. On decreasing the distance between the plates of a parallel
plate capacitor, its capacitance 1 1
(a) u = CV (b) u = CV2
(a) remains unaffected 2 2
(b) decreases 1
(c) first increases then decreases. (c) u = CV (d) u =
2VC
(d) increases
ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE 267
34. Capacitiors are used in electrical circuits where applicances 44. Which of the following is / are true about the principle of
need more Van de Graaff generator?
(a) voltage (b) current (a) The action of sharp points.
(c) resistance (d) power (b) The charge given to a hollow conductor is tranferred
35. The work done in placing a charge of 8 × 10–18 coulomb on to outer surface and is distributed uniformly over it.
a condenser of capacity 100 micro-farad is (c) It is used for accelerating uncharged particle.
(a) 3.1 × 10–26 joule (b) 4 × 10–10 joule (d) Both (a) and (b)
–32
(c) 32 × 10 joule (d) 16 × 10–232 joule
36. An arrangement which consists of two conductors STATEMENT TYPE QUESTIONS
separated by a dielectric medium is called 45. Which of the following about potential difference between
(a) resistor (b) inductor any two points is true?
(c) rectifier (d) capacitor
I. It depends only on the initial and final position.
37. Capacity of a parallel plate condenser can be increased by
II. It is the work done per unit positive charge in moving
(a) increasing the distance between the plates
(b) increasing the thickness of the plates from one point to other.
(c) decreasing the thickness of the plates III. It is more for a positive charge of two units as compared
(d) decreasing the distance between the plates to a positive charge of one unit.
38. In a charged capacitor, the energy resides (a) I only (b) II only
(a) in the positive charges. (c) I and II (d) I, II and III
(b) in both the positive and negative charges.
(c) in the field between the plates. 46. An electric dipole of moment P is placed in a uniform
(d) around the edges of the capacitor plates.
electric field E . Then which of the following is/are
39. The resultant capacitance of n condenser of capacitances
C1, C2 .... Cn connected in series is given by correct?

1 1 1 I. The torque on the dipole is p E .

(a) Cs ........
C1 C2 Cn
II. The potential energy of the system is p . E .
1 1 1
(b) ........ III. The resultant force on the dipole is zero.
Cs C1 Cn
(a) I, II and II (b) I and III
(c) Cs = C1 + C2 + ..... + Cn
(c) II and III (d) I, II and III
(d) Cs = C1 – C2 + ..... – Cn
40. The resultant capacity of n condensers of capacitances C 1, 47. Consider the following statements and select the correct
C2 .... Cn connected in parallel is option
(a) Cp = Cl + C2 + ....... + Cn I. In an external electric field, the positive and negative
(b) Cp = Cl – C2 – C3 ....... – Cn charges of a non–polar molecule are displaced in
1 1 1 1 opposite directions.
(c) ......
Cp C1 C2 Cn II. In non –polar molecules displacement stops when
the external force on the constituent charges of the
1 1 1
(d) Cp ...... molecule is balanced by the restoring force.
C1 C2 Cn
III. The non–polar molecule develops an induced dipole
41. ...X... is a machine that can build up high voltages of the moment.
order of a few million volts. Here, A refers to
(a) I and II (b) II and III
(a) Dynamo (b) Van De Graaff generator
(c) I and III (d) I, II and III
(c) DC generator (d) AC generator
42. In case of a Van de Graaff generator, the breakdown field 48. Consider the following statements and select the correct
of air is statement(s).
(a) 2 × 108 V m–1 (b) 3 × 106 V m–1 I. Electric field lines are always perpendicular to
(c) 2 × 10 V m8 –1 (d) 3 × 104 V m–1 equipotential surface.
43. Van de Graaff generator is used to II. No two equipotential surfaces can intersect each other.
(a) store electrical energy III. Electric field lines are in the direction of tangent to an
(b) build up high voltage of few million volts
equipotential surface.
(c) decelerate charged particle like electrons
(a) I only (b) II only
(d) both (a) and (b)
(c) I and II (d) I, II and III
 268 ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE
49. The energy stored in a parallel plate capacitor is given by (C) Electric potential due (3) Varies inversly
2 to a charge at its own of radius
Q location is not defined
VE . Now which of the following statements is not
2C (D) Electric potential due (4) Infinite
true ? to uniformly charged
solid non-conducting
I. The work done in charging a capacitor is stored in the sphere
form of electrostatic potential energy given by (a) (A) (2); (B) (1); (C) (4); (D) (3)
(b) (A) (1); (B) (3); (C) (4); (D) (2)
Q2
expression VE = (c) (A) (4); (B) (1); (C) (3); (D) (4)
2C (d) (A) (3); (B) (2); (C) (1); (D) (4)
II. The net charge on the capacitor is Q. 54. When a dielectric slab is inserted between the plates of one
III. The magnitude of the net charge on one plate of a of the two identical capacitors shown in the figure then match
capacitor is Q. the following:
(a) I only (b) II only
(c) I and II (d) I, II and III A
50. Which of the following statements is/are correct for V
equipotential surface ?
I. The potential at all the points on an equipotential B
surface is same.
II. Equipotential surfaces never intersect each other. Column-I Column -II
III. Work done in moving a charge from one point to other (A) Charge on A (1) Increases
on an equipotential surface is zero. (B) Potential difference (2) Decreases
(a) I only (b) II only across A
(c) I and II (d) I, II and III (C) Potential difference (3) Remains constant
51. When a metal plate is introduced between the two plates of a across B
charged capacitor and insulated from them, then which (D) Charge on B (4) Cannot say
of following statement(s) is/are correct ? (a) (A) (1); (B) (2); (C) (2); (D) (1)
I. The metal plate divides the capacitor into two
(b) (A) (1); (B) (1); (C) (2); (D) (2)
capacitors connected in parallel to each other
(c) (A) (2); (B) (2); (C) (2); (D) (4)
II. The metal plate divides the capacitors into two
(d) (A) (1); (B) (2); (C) (2); (D) (3)
capacitors connected in series with each other
III. The metal plate is equivalent to a dielectric of zero 55. Match the entries of Column I and Column II
dielectric constant Column I Column II
(a) I only (b) II only (A) Inside a conductor (1) Potential energy = 0
(c) I and II (d) I, II and III placed in an external
52. Consider the followoing statements regarding series grouping electric field.
of capacitors and select the correct statements. (B) At the centre of a dipole (2) Electric field = 0
I. Charge on each capacitor remains same and equals to (C) Dipole in stable (3) Electric potential = 0
the main charge supplied by the battery. equilibrium
II. Potential difference and energy distributes in the (D) Electric dipole (4) Torque = 0
reverse ratio of capacitance.
perpendicular to
III. Effective capacitance is even les than the least of teh
uniform electric field.
individual capacitances.
(a) I and II (b) I and III (a) (A) (2); (B) (4); (C) (3); (D) (1)
(c) II and III (d) I, II and III (b) (A) (2); (B) (3); (C) (4); (D) (1)
(c) (A) (2); (B) (3); (C) (1); (D) (4)
MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS (d) (A) (1); (B) (3); (C) (4); (D) (2)
56. Match the types of capacitors in Column I and expressions
53. Match the Column I and Column II. of capacitances in Column II.
Column-I Column -II Column I Column II
(A) Electric potential near (1) Negative
an isolated positive 0 KA
(A) Spherical capacitor (1)
charge d
(B) Electric potential near (2) Positive
A
an isolated negative (B) Cylindrical capacitor (2)
0

charge d
ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE 269
2 0
(C) Parallel plate capacitor (3)
r (a) (b)
air filled ln 2
r1 V V
4 0 r1 r2
(D) Parallel plate capacitor (4)
r1 r2
with dielectric slab
P A O B Q P A O B Q
between the plates.
(a) (A) (4); (B) (2); (C) (3); (D) (1)
(b) (A) (4); (B) (3); (C) (1); (D) (2)
(c) (d)
(c) (A) (3); (B) (4); (C) (2); (D) (1)
V V
(d) (A) (4); (B) (3); (C) (2); (D) (1)
57. In the given circuit diagram, both capacitors are initially
uncharged. The capacitance C1 = 2F and C2 = 4F emf of
battery A and B are 2V and 4V respectively. P A O B Q P A O B Q

C2 59. In which of the following cases is the electric field zero but
C1
potential is not zero at a point on x-axis ?

S1 y y
(a) (b)
A
S2
+q –q –q +q
B x x
(– a, 0) (a, 0) (– a, 0) (a, 0)
Column - I Column - II
(Magnitude only)
64
(A) On closing switch S1 (1)
3
with S2 open work done
y y
by battery A is
(B) Switch S1 is open and (2) 4 (c) (d)
(0, a) + q (0, a) + q
S2 is closed, work done
by battery B is
x x
(C) Charge on capacitor (3) 8
C2 is (after S1 open
and S2 closed) (0, – a) – q
(0, – a) + q
16
(D) Charge on C1 when (4)
3
60. Figure below shows a hollow conducting body placed in an
both are closed
electric field. Which of the quantities are zero inside the body?
(5) zero
(a) (A) (1); (B) (2); (C) (2); (D) (4)
(b) (A) (4); (B) (3); (C) (3); (D) (1)
(c) (A) (2); (B) (3); (C) (2); (D) (1)
(d) (A) (3); (B) (1); (C) (4); (D) (2)

DIAGRAM TYPE QUESTIONS

58. Which of the following graphs correctly shows the variation
of electric potential due to uniformly charged thin spherical (a) Electric field and potential
shell with its centre at origin, as we move from point P to Q (b) Electric field and charge density
along x-axis? (c) Electric potential and charge density.
(d) Electric field, potential and charge density.
61. The following figures show an electric dipole in four
orientations in uniform electric field. Arrange them in
P A O B Q X increasing order of potential energy.
 270 ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE
(a) 100 Vm–1 along X-axis
(i) (ii) +Q
+Q –Q (b) 100 Vm–1 along Y-axis
(c) 200 Vm–1 at an angle 120° with X-axis
(d) 50 Vm–1 at an angle 120° with X-axis
–Q
66. Four points a, b, c and d are set at equal distance from the
(iii) (iv) centre of a dipole as shown in figure. The electrostatic
+Q +Q
potential Va, Vb, Vc, and Vd would satisfy the following
relation: a
–Q – Q (a) Va > Vb > Vc > Vd +q
(b) Va > Vb = Vd > Vc d b
(a) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) (b) (iv), (iii), (ii), (i) (c) Va > Vc = Vb = Vd
(c) (iv), (ii), (i), (iii) (d) (iv), (ii), (iii), (i) –q
(d) Vb = Vd > Va > Vc
62. A, B and C are three points in a uniform electric field. The c
67. Two charges q1 and q2 are placed 30 cm apart, as shown in
electric potential is the figure. A third charge q3 is moved along the arc of a
circle of radius 40 cm from C to D. The change in the
A
B ® potential energy of the system is
q3
k , , where k is
E 4 0

C q3
C
(a) maximum at B
(b) maximum at C
(c) same at all the three points A, B and C 40 cm
(d) maximum at A
63. The figure shows the electric dipole placed along x-axis. As q2
q1
we move from point A to point B potential changes from
B +q –q A A 30 cm B D
x
(a) positive to negative (b) negative to positive (a) 8q1 (b) 6q1 (c) 8q2 (d) 6q2
(c) positive to zero (d) does not change 68. In a hollow spherical shell, potential (V) changes with respect
64. Charges are placed on the vertices of a square as shown. Let to distance (s) from centre as
E be the electric field and V the potential at the centre. If the (a) (b)
charges on A and B are interchanged with those on D and C
respectively, then V V

q q
A B S S

(c) (d)

V V
D C
q q
S S

(a) E changes, V remains unchanged 69. In the electric field of a point charge q, a certain charge
is carried from point A to B, C, D and E. Then the work
(b) E remains unchanged, V changes
done is
(c) both E and V change A
(d) E and V remain unchanged
65. Equipotential surfaces are shown in figure. Then the
electric field strength will be
+q
Y B E
10V 20V 30V C D
O(cm)

30º (a) least along the path AB

X
10 20 30 (cm) (b) least along the path AD
(c) zero along all the paths AB, AC, AD and AE
(d) least along AE
ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE 271
70. Which of the following graphs show the correct variation of (a) The potential energy is positive in case I and negative
magnitude of potential energy of a dipole when rotated from in case II.
stable equillibrium to unstable equillibrium? (b) The potential energy is negative in case I and positive
in case II.
(a) (b) (c) The potential energy is same in both the cases and is
PE PE
negative.
U( ) U( ) (d) The potential energy is same in both the cases and is
positive.
O O 73. Figure shows a system of three positive charges placed at
/2 /2
the vertices of an equilateral triangle. To decrease the
potential energy of the system,
–PE
–PE
+q

(c) PE (d) PE

U( ) U( )

+q +q
O O
/2 /2
(a) a positive charge should be placed at centroid
(b) a negative charge should be placed at centroid.
–PE –PE (c) distance between the charges should be decreased.
71. Figure shows two hollow charged conductors A and B having
same positive surface charge densities. B is placed inside A (d) it should be rotated by an angle of radian.
2
and does not touches it. On connecting them with a conductor
74. Which of the following figure shows the correct equipotential
A surfaces of a system of two positive charges?
B
(a) (b)
+ + + +

(a) charge will flow from A to B

(b) charge will flow from B to A (c) (d)
(c) charge oscillates between A and B
(d) No charge will flow. + + + +
72. Figure shows a charge + Q placed at origin. Another charge
+ q is brought from infinity to (9, 0, 0) from positive direction
of x-axis in case I and from infinity to (–9, 0, 0) from negative
direction of x-axis in case II. Which one of the following is
true? 75. Two equipotential surfaces S1 and S2 are around a charge q.
z
A test charge is moved from S1 to S2 along the paths APB
and AEC as shown in figure. The work done is
(–9,0,0) A
(a) more in case of APB P
O y
+Q (b) more in case of AEC B
E
(c) same in both the cases q
(9,0,0)
(d) cannot say S C
x
S
 272 ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE
76. Two spherical conductors A and B of radii a and b (b>a) are 79. A parallel plate capacitor
placed concentrically in air. The two are connected by a is located horizontally
copper wire as shown in figure. Then the equivalent such that one of the
capacitance of the system is
B plates is submerged in a
ab b liquid while the other is
(a) 4 0 A
b a above the liquid surface.
a When plates are charged
(b) 4 0 (a b) Charged Liquid
the level of liquid
(c) 4 0b (a) rises
(d) 4 0a (b) falls
(c) remains unchanged
77. A parallel plate capacitor is charged in air (dielectric constant
(d) may rise or fall depending on the of charge amount
= 1.0006). For time 0 to t1 only air is in between the plates of
capacitor. For time t1 to t2 only water (dielectric constant = 80. What is the effective capacitance between points X and Y?
81) and for time t2 to t3 only glycerine (dielectric constant = (a) 24 F C1 = 6 F
56) is there in between the plates of capacitor. Which of the (b) 18 F
following graphs shows the correct variation of capacitance C3 = 6 F C5 = 20 F C2 = 6 F
(c) 12 F X Y
C with time t qualitatively? A C B D
(d) 6 F C4 = 6 F

81. The capacitor, whose capacitance

C is 6, 6 and 3 F respectively are
C 6 F 6 F 3 F
connected in series with 20 volt
(a) (b) line. Find the charge on 3 F.
(a) 30 c
O t1 t2 t3 O t1 t2 t3 (b) 60 F
t t (c) 15 F
20 F
(d) 90 F
82. The effective capacitance of combination of equal capacitors
between points A and B shown in figure is
C C
C C
(c) (d)
C C C
O O
t1 t2 t3 t1 t2 t3
t C C
t A B

78. Two spherical conductors A1 and A2 of radii r 1 and C C C

r2 (r2 > r1) are placed concentrically in air. A1 is given a
charge +Q while A2 is earthed. Then the equivalent
capacitance of the system is
C
(a) C (b) 2C (c) 3C (d)
2
A2
– –
83. In the circuit given below, the charge in C, on the capacitor
+ +
A1 r1 having capacitance 5 F is
+ + 3 F 2 F
– r2 – d
e

f 5 F
c
4 0 r1r2
4 F
a + b
(a) r2 r1
(b) 4 0 (r1 r2 )
6V
(c) 4 0 r2 (d) 4 0 r1 (a) 4.5 (b) 9 (c) 7 (d) 15
ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE 273

ASSERTION- REASON TYPE QUESTIONS 93. Assertion : Dielectric polarisation means formation of
positive and negative charges inside the dielectric.
Directions : Each of these questions contain two statements, Reason: Free electrons are formed in this process.
Assertion and Reason. Each of these questions also has four 94. Assertion : In the absence of an external electric field, the
alternative choices, only one of which is the correct answer. You dipole moment per unit volume of a polar dielectric is zero.
have to select one of the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) given below. Reason : The dipoles of a polar dielectric are randomly
(a) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is a correct oriented.
explanation for assertion. 95. Assertion : For a point charge, concentric spheres centered
(b) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is not a at a location of the charge are equipotential surfaces.
correct explanation for assertion Reason : An equipotential surface is a surface over which
(c) Assertion is correct, reason is incorrect potential has zero value.
(d) Assertion is incorrect, reason is correct. 96. Assertion : Electric energy resides out of the spherical
isolated conductor.
84. Assertion: The potential difference between any two points
Reason : The electric field at any point inside the conductor
in an electric field depends only on initial and final position.
is zero.
Reason: Electric field is a conservative field so the work done
97. Assertion : Two equipotential surfaces cannot cut each
per unit positive charge does not depend on path followed.
other.
85. Assertion : Electric field inside a conductor is zero.
Reason : Two equipotential surfaces are parallel to each
Reason: The potential at all the points inside a conductor is
same. other.
86. Assertion : Electric field is discontinuous across the surface 98. Assertion. Two equipotential surfaces can be orthogonal.
of a spherical charged shell. Reason: Electric field lines are normal to the equipotential
Reason : Electric potential is continuous across the surface surface.
of a spherical charged shell. 99. Assertion. The equatorial plane of a dipole is an equipotential
87. Assertion : Work done in moving a charge between any two surface.
points in an electric field is independent of the path followed Reason: The electric potential at any point on equatorial
by the charge, between these points. plane is zero.
Reason: Electrostatic force is a non conservative force. 100. Assertion: The electric potential at any point on the equatorial
88. Assertion : Two adjacent conductors of unequal plane of a dipole is zero.
dimensions, carrying the same positive charge have a Reason: The work done in bringing a unit positive charge
potential difference between them. from infinity to a point in equatorial plane is equal for the two
Reason : The potential of a conductor depends upon the charges of the dipole.
charge given to it. 101. Assertion : A parallel plate capacitor is connected across
89. Assertion : Electric potential and electric potential energy battery through a key. A dielectric slab of dielectric constant
are different quantities. k is introduced between the plates. The energy stored
Reason : For a system of positive test charge and point becomes k times.
charge electric potential energy = electric potential. Reason : The surface density of charge on the plate remains
90. Assertion : For a non-uniformly charged thin circular ring constant.
with net charge is zero, the electric field at any point on axis 102. Assertion : Two metal plates having charges Q, –Q face
of the ring is zero. each other at some separation and are dipped into an oil
tank. If the oil is pumped out, the electric field between the
Reason : For a non-uniformly charged thin circular ring with
plates increases.
net charge zero, the electric potential at each point on axis of
Eair
the ring is zero. Reason : Electric field between the plates, Emed .
91. Assertion : For a charged particle moving from point P to
103. Assertion : When a dielectric slab is gradually inserted
point Q, the net work done by an electrostatic field on the
between the plates of an isolated parallel-plate capacitor,
particle is independent of the path connecting point P to
the energy of the system decreases.
point Q.
Reason : The force between the plates decreases.
Reason : The net work done by a conservative force on an
104. Assertion : A dielectric is inserted between the plates of a
object moving along a closed loop is zero.
battery connected capacitor. The energy of the capacitor
92. Assertion : Polar molecules have permanent dipole moment.
increases.
Reason : In polar molecules, the centres of positive and
negative charges coincide even when there is no external 1
Reason : Energy of the capacitor, U CV 2 .
field. 2
 274 ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE

CRITICAL THINKING TYPE QUESTIONS 112. Four point charges –Q, –q, 2q and 2Q are placed, one at
each corner of the square. The relation between Q and q for
105. A long, hollow conducting cylinder is kept coaxially inside which the potential at the centre of the square is zero is
another long, hollow conducting cylinder of larger radius.
1
Both the cylinders are initially electrically neutral. Then (a) Q = – q (b) Q = –
(a) a potential difference appears between the two cylinders q
when a charge density is given to the inner cylinder.
1
(b) a potential difference appears between the two cylinders (c) Q = q (d) Q =
when a charge density is given to the outer cylinder. q
(c) no potential difference appears between the two 113. A conducting sphere of radius R is given a charge Q. The
cylinders when a uniform line charge is kept along the electric potential and the electric field at the centre of the
axis of the cylinders sphere respectively are:
(d) no potential difference appears between the two Q
(a) Zero and
cylinders when same charge density is given to both 4 0R 2
the cylinders. Q
106. Two equally charged spheres of radii a and b are connected (b) and Zero
4 0R
together. What will be the ratio of electric field intensity on
their surfaces? Q Q
(c) and 2
a a 2
b b 2 4 0R 4 0R
(a) (b) (c ) (d)
b b2 a a2 (d) Both are zero
107. A given charge is situated at a certain distance from an 114. In a region, the potential is represented by
electric dipole in the end-on position experiences a force V(x, y, z) = 6x – 8xy – 8y + 6yz, where V is in volts and x, y, z
F. If the distance of the charge is doubled, the force acting are in metres. The electric force experienced by a charge of 2
on the change will be coulomb situated at point (1, 1, 1) is
(a) 2F (b) F / 2 (a) 6 5 N (b) 30 N
(c) F / 4 (d) F / 8
108. An electric charge 10–3 m C is placed at the origin (0, 0) of (c) 24 N (d) 4 35 N
X – Y co-ordinate system. Two points A and B are situated at 115. Two conducting spheres of radii R1 and R2 having
charges Q1 and Q2 respectively are connected to each
( )
2, 2 and (2, 0) respectively. The potential difference other. There is
(a) no change in the energy of the system
between the points A and B will be
(b) an increase in the energy of the system
(a) 4.5 volt (b) 9 volt
(c) always a decrease in the energy of the system
(c) zero (d) 2 volt
(d) a decrease in the energy of the system unless
109. The potential at a point x (measured in m) due to some
Q1R2 = Q2R1
charges situated on the x-axis is given by V(x) = 20/(x2 – 4) 116. A parallel plate capacitor is charged by connecting it to a
volt battery. Now the distance between the plates of the capacitor
The electric field E at x = 4 m is given by is increased. Which of the following remains constant ?
(a) (10/9) volt/ m and in the +ve x direction (a) Capacitance
(b) (5/3) volt/ m and in the –ve x direction (b) Charge on each plate of the capacitor.
(c) (5/3) volt/ m and in the +ve x direction (c) Potential difference between the plates of capacitor
(d) Energy stored in the capacitor.
(d) (10/9) volt/ m and in the –ve x direction
117. Two vertical metallic plates carrying equal and opposite
dv charges are kept parallel to each other like a parallel plate
110. The expression E implies, that electric field is in that
dr capacitor. A small spherical metallic ball is suspended by a
direction in which long insulated thread such that it hangs freely in the centre
(a) increase in potential is steepest. of the two metallic plates. The ball, which is uncharged, is
(b) decrease in potential is steepest. taken slowly towards the positively charged plate and is
(c) change in potential is minimum. made to touch that plate. Then the ball will
(d) None of these (a) stick to the positively charged plate
111. Two parallel metal plates having charges + Q and – Q face (b) come back to its original position and will remain
each other ata certain distance between them. If the plates there
are now dipped in kerosene oil tank, the electric field between (c) oscillate between the two plates touching each plate
the plates will in turn
(a) remain same (b) become zero (d) oscillate between the two plates without touch them
(c) increases (d) decrease
ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE 275
118. When air is replaced by a dielectric medium of force constant 123. A capacitor of capacity C1 is charged upto V volt and
K, the maximum force of attraction between two charges, then connected to an uncharged capacitor of capacity C2.
separated by a distance Then final potential difference across each will be
(a) decreases K-times (b) increases K-times
C 2V C2
1 (a) (b) 1 V
(c) remains unchanged (d) becomes times C1 C 2 C1
K2
119. A parallel plate capacitor is charged and then isolated. What C1V C2
is the effect of increasing the plate separation on charge, (c) (d) 1 V
C1 C 2 C1
potential, capacitance, respectively?
(a) Constant, decreases, decreases 124. A parallel plate capacitor with air between the plates is
(b) Increases, decreases, decreases charged to a potential difference of 500V and then insulated.
(c) Constant, decreases, increases A plastic plate is inserted between the plates filling the whole
(d) Constant, increases, decreases gap. The potential difference between the plates now
120. A foil of aluminium of negligible thickness is inserted in becomes 75V. The dielectric constant of plastic is
between the space of a parallel plate condenser. If the foil is (a) 10/3 (b) 5 (c) 20/3 (d) 10
electrically insulated, the capacity of the condenser will 125. From a supply of identical capacitors rated 8 mF, 250V, the
minimum number of capacitors required to form a composite
16 mF, 1000V is
Foil (a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 16 (d) 32
126. A parallel plate air capacitor of capacitance C is connected
to a cell of emf V and then disconnected from it. A dielectric
slab of dielectric constant K, which can just fill the air gap of
(a) increase (b) decrease
the capacitor, is now inserted in it. Which of the following is
(c) remain unchanged (d) become zero
incorrect ?
121. Eight drops of mercury of equal radii possessing equal
(a) The energy stored in the capacitor decreases K times.
charges combine to form a big drop. Then the capacitance
of bigger drop compared to each individual small drop is 1 1
(b) The chance in energy stored is CV 2 –1
(a) 8 times (b) 4 times 2 K
(c) 2 times (d) 32 times
(c) The charge on the capacitor is not conserved.
122. A parallel plate condenser is filled with two dielectrics as
(d) The potential difference between the plates decreases
shown. Area of each plate is A m2 and the separation is
K times.
t m. The dielectric constants are k1 and k2 respectively.
127. In a Van de Graaff generator, a spherical metal shell is to
Its capacitance in farad will be
be 15 × 106 V electrode. The dielectric strength of the gas
surrounding the electrode is 5 × 107V m–1. The minimum
k1 k2 radius of the spherical shell required is
(a) 1 m (b) 2 m
(c) 1.5 m (d) 3 m
A A k1 k 2
(a) (k1 + k2) (b) .
t t 2

2 A A k1 k2
(c) (k1 + k2) (d) .
t t 2
 276 ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE

FACT / DEFINITION TYPE QUESTIONS 18. (d) V k

p.r k pr cos
r3 r3
1. (b)
2. (c) Electric potential inside a conductor is constant and it k
p cos
.
is equal to that on the surface of the conductor. r2
3. (a) Potential energy is defined only in case of conservative 19. (d) W = PE(cos 90° – cos 270°) = 0.
forces like electrostatic force (and due to which 20. (a) Energy required to charge the capacitor is W = U =
electrostatic field is a conservative field). It is not defined QV
for non-conservative forces like friction.
0 A .V 2 0 Ad 2
U = CV2 = = 2
.V = E2Ad
1 q d d
4. (a) Since V , for a given point charge, q is
4 0 r V
. E
d
constant, therefore V depends only on r. Hence V is a
21. (b) Potential at any point inside the sphere = potential at
function of distance.
the surface of the sphere = 10V.
5. (b) 22. (d) The equatorial plane of a dipole is an equipotential
6. (d) Surface of metallic cube is an equipotential surface. surface, therefore potential remains constant.
Therefore, electric field is normal to the surface of the
A
cube. 23. (d) Since capacitance C 0
, as d decreases capacitance
7. (b) 8. (a) d
increases.
2 2
9. (c) C= 2 3 F 24. (a) 25. (d) 26. (a) 27. (c) 28. (b) 29. (b)
2 2 30. (b) Cmedium = K × Cair
10. (c) Because in case of metallic spheres either solid or 31. (b) In oil, C becomes twice, V becomes half. Therefore,
hollow, the charge will reside on the surface of the E = V/d becomes half.
sphere. Since both spheres have same surface area, 32. (b) Energy will be lost during transfer of charge (heating
so they can hold equal maximum charge. effect).
11. (d) On the equipotential surface, electric field is normal
33. (b)
v 1 2
to the charged surface (where potential exists) so that U CV dV CV
0 2
no work will be done.
34. (b)
12. (a) Potential difference between two points in a electric
field is, 1 q2 (8 10 18 )2
35. (c) Work done = = = 32 × 10–32 J
W 2 C 2 100 10 6
VA VB
q0 36. (d) 37. (d) 38. (c) 39. (b) 40. (a)
41. (b) Van De graff generator is a machine that can built up
13. (d) When negative terminal is grounded, positive terminal high voltages of the order of a few million volts. The
of battery is at +12 V. When positive terminal is resulting large electric fields are used to accelerate
grounded, the negative terminal will be at –12 V. charged particles (electrons, protons, ions) to high
14. (d) energies needed for experiments to probe the small
15. (c) The potential energy is negative whenever there is scale structure of matter.
attraction. Since a positive and negative charge attract 42. (b) 43. (b) 44. (d)
each other therefore their energy is negative. When
both the charges are separated by infinite distance, STATEMENT TYPE QUESTIONS
they do not attract each other and their energy is zero.
W
16. (d) 45. (c) Since V , more work will be done for a positive
Q
17. (a) As the dipole will feel two forces, which are although charge of two units as compared to positive charge of
opposite but not equal.
W
A net force will be there and as these forces act one unit, but the ratio is same. Therefore potential
Q
at different points of a body, a torque is also present.
difference is same.
ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE 277

46. (b) In a uniform electric field E , dipole experiences a 1

W.d. by battery B, = 2 CV22
2
torque given by = p E but experiences no
force. The potential energy of the dipole in a uniform 1 4 2 64
2 42 = J
2 4 2 3
electric field E is U = – p . E
47. (d) In an external electric field, the positive and negative q2 CV
4 2
4
16
charges of a non-polar molecule are displaced in 4 2 3
opposite directions. The displacement stops when
q1 C1V1 2 2 4
the external force on the constituent charges of the
molecule is balanced by the restoring force (due to
DIAGRAM TYPE QUESTIONS
internal fields in the molecule). The non-polar molecule
thus develops an induced dipole moment. The 58. (b) For regions outside the spherical shell potential is given
dielectric is said to be polarised by the external field.
48. (c) Electric field lines are always perpendicular to 1 Q 1 and it increases as we come
by V , i.e. V
equipotential surface so, they cannot be in a direction 4 0 r r
of tangent to an equipotential surface. closer to the spherical shell. Therefore potential
49. (b) There is equal and opposite charge on the plates of a
parallel plate capacitor. Therefore there is no net charge 1
increases as we move from P to A according to V .
on capacitor. r
50. (d) Since potential at every point on an equipotential surface For the regions inside the shell potential has a constant
is same therefore, for any two points on equipotential value at that on the surface, hence it remains constant
surface the potential difference is zero. for A to B. After B as we move away from the spherical
51. (b) 52. (d)
1
shell it decreases as V .
MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS r
53 (a) A - 2; B - 1; C - 4; D - 3 59. (c) In this case electric fields due to the two charges at
54. (b) If V is the potential applied across the capacitor then origin are just equal and opposite and thus cancel each
other whereas potential due to the two charges add up
V
p.d. across each capacitor will be . When and is not zero.
2
60. (b) Electric field is always zero inside a conductor.
A- 1 : dielectric is inserted in capacitor B, then
If there is any excess of charge on a hollow conductor
B- 1 : V1 V2 V
it always resides on the outer surface of conductor.
C- 2 : and CV1 kCV2 Therefore inside a hollow conductor there is no charge
D-2 : On solving above equations, we get and hence charge density is zero.
61. (d) The potential energy of a dipole in uniform electric field
kV V
V1 and V2 . is given by
k 1 k 1
Clearly potential of A increases and that of B decreases. U p E pE cos .
Initial charges on the capacitors are : (i) For = 180°,
CV CV U = –pE cos 180° = pE. This is maximum value.
q1 , q2
2 2 (ii) For = 90°, U = – pE cos 90° = 0
charges : (iii) For 90° < < 180°,
kCV CV cos is negative and hence U is positive.
q1' CV1 and q2' .
k 1 k 1 (iv) For 0° < < 90°,
Charge on capacitor A will increase, and on B will decrease. cos is positive and hence U is negative.
55. (b) A (2); B (3); C (4); D (1) Therefore the correct increasing order is (iv), (ii), (iii), (i)
56. (d) A (4); B (3); C (2); D (1) 62. (a) Potential at B, VB is maximum
57. (d) A (3); B (1); C (4); D (2) VB > VC > VA
As in the direction of electric field potential decreases.
1
W.d. by battery A, = 2 C1V12 2 22 8J 63. (b) The potential due to dipole at any arbitrary point P is
2
given by
 278 ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE
66. (b)
P 67. (c) We know that potential energy of discrete system of
charges is given by
r
q1q 2 q2 q3
1 q3q1
U
B +q –q A 4 0 r12 r23 r31
O According to question,
1 q1q 2 q 2q3 q3q1
1 P cos Uinitial =
V 4
4 r2 0 0.3 0.5 0.4
0

1 q1q 2 q 2q3 q3q1

For A, 180 Ufinal =
4 0 0.3 0.1 0.4
1 P cos180 1 P a negative
VA q 2q3 q 2 q3
4 r2 4 r2 1
0 0 Ufinal – Uinitial =
4 0 0.1 0.5
quantity.
For B, = 0°. 1 q3
= 10q 2q3 2q 2q3 = (8q 2 )
1 P cos 0 1 P 4 0 4 0
VB a positive quantity..
4 0 r2 4 0 r2 68. (b) In shell, q charge is uniformly distributed over its
Therefore as we move from A to B potential change surface, it behaves as a conductor.
from negative to positive. +
64. (a) As shown in the figure, the resultant electric fields +
+
q
before and after interchanging the charges will have
the same magnitude, but opposite directions. R +
+
Also, the potential will be same in both cases as it is a + +
scalar quantity. +

q q q q q
A B A
V= potential at surface and inside
B 4
E 0R

q
V
4 0R
E
D C D C Because of this it behaves as an equipotential surface.
q q q q 69. (c) ABCDE is an equipotential surface, on equipotential
surface no work is done in shifting a charge from one
65. (c) Using dV = – E. d r place to another.
10V 70. (d) The potential energy of a dipole placed in uniform
V=–E r cos 20V
4E electric field is given by
V 30º 30º
E= r U p E pE cos
r cos
pE cos .
(20 10) For stable equillibrium = 0° and for unstable
E= 2
10 10 cos120 equillibrium = 180°. Therefore the correct variation is
shown by graph of – cos from 0 to with maximum
10
= and minimum values pE and – pE respectively.
2
10 10 (– sin 30 ) 71. (b) Irrespective of the charges on the inner and outer
conductors, the inner conductor is always at a higher
102 potential as long as the charge on inner conductor is
= = 200 V / m
1/ 2 not zero. Therefore charge flows from B to A. When
Direction of E be perpendicular to the equipotential the whole charge of B flows to A and charge on B
surface i.e. at 120° with X-axis. becomes zero then A and B are at same potential.
ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE 279
72. (d) The potential energy of a system of two charges q1
and q2 is given by
6 F C2
1 q1 q 2 C1 6 F
U where r12 is the distance between the 6F
4 0 r12
X C5 6F F Y
charges. Here q1 = + Q and q2 = + q. Distance between C3 6 F
both the charges is same in both the cases which is 6 F C4
| a | = |–a| = a. Therefore potential energy is same in both
the cases and is positive.
73. (c) Potential energy decreases whenever there is attraction.
C1 C2
A negative charge placed at centroid causes attraction. As C C4
74. (c) Equipotential surfaces are normal to the electric field 3

lines. The following figure shows the equipotential Hence no charge will flow through 20 F
surfaces along with electric field lines for a system of
C1 C2 C'
two positive charges.

X Y X Y

C3 C4 C''

C1 and C2 are in series, also C3 and C4 are in series.

Hence C' = 3 F, C'' = 3 F
C' and C'' are in parallel hence net capacitance
= C' + C'' = 3 + 3 = 6 F

75. (c) B and C are at the same potential, therefore potential 1 1 1 1

81. (a) In series and charge on each
difference between A and B and that between A and C C C1 C2 C3
is same in both the cases. Hence work done is same in capacitor is same.
both the cases.
76. (c) All the charge given to inner sphere will pass on to the C C
outer one. So capacitance that of outer one is 4 0 b.
77. (d) The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor is given by 82. (b) A C C B
KA C C
C 0
where K is dielectric constant of the
d
C C
dielectric.
Therefore more the dielectric constant, more will be the
The figure sh ows two independent balanced
capacitance.
wheatstone Brides connected in parallel each having a
78. (a)
capacitance C. So,
79. (a) The molecules of liquid will convert into induced
Cnet = CAB = 2C
dipole, get oriented along the electric field produced
83. (b) Potential difference across the branch de is 6 V. Net
between the plates and rise due to force of attraction.
capacitance of de branch is 2.1 µF
C1 = 6 F
So, q = CV
80. (d) q = 2.1 × 6 µC
C3 C5 6 F q = 12.6 µ C
X A Y Potential across 3 µF capacitance is
6 F 20 F C2
C4 12.6
V 4.2 volt
6 F 3
Potential across 2 and 5 combination in parallel is
Equivalent circuit
6 – 4.2 = 1.8 V
So, q' = (1.8) (5) = 9 µC
 280 ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE

ASSERTION- REASON TYPE QUESTIONS Let charge on each sphere q

when they are connected together their potential will
84. (a) 85. (b) 86. (b) 87. (c) 88. (b) be equal .
89. (c) Potential and potential energy are different quantities Now let charge on a q1 and on b 2q q1
and cannot be equated.
1 q1 1 2q q1
90. (d) For a non-uniformly charged thin circular ring with net Va Vb or
zero charge, electric potential at each point on its axis is 4 o a 4 o b
zero. Hence electric field at each point on its axis must be q1 a
perpendicular to the axis. Therefore Assertion is false 2q q1 b
and Reason is true.
1. q1
91. (a) 92. (c) 93. (c) 94. (a) 95. (c)
96. (a) As these is no electric field inside the conductor, and
Ea 4 o a2 q1 b2
a b2 b
Eb 1 q2 2q q1 a 2 .
so no energy inside it. b a2 a
97. (c) Reason is false because the work done in bringing a 4 o b2
unit positive charge from infinity to a point in equatorial b:a
plane is equal and opposite for the two charges of the
k .2 p
dipole. 107. (d) Force on charge F = q (Ea) = q
98. (d) Two equipotential surfaces never intersect each other r3
so they cannot be orthogonal. 1
F
99. (b) r3
100. (d) Two equipotential surfaces are not necessarily parallel 1
When r doubled; F times
to each other. 8

1 108. (c) Y
101. (c) C = kC, and so, U ( kC )V 2 = kU. Also q = C V
2
= kCV = kq, and so charge density increases.
A( 2, 2)
102. (c) Reason is the correct explanation of statement-1.
r1
q2 q2
103. (c) C = kC, and U . With the introduction of
2C 2 kC O X
(0,0) r2 B (2,0)
dielectric, energy of the system decreases. As charge
on the capacitor remains same, and so force between
them remains same. The distance of point A 2, 2 from the origin,
1
104. (a) U CV 2 . In the battery connected capacitor V OA = | r1 | ( 2)2 ( 2)2
2
remains constant while C increases with the = 4 = 2 units.
introduction of dielectric and so U will increase. The distance of point B(2, 0) from the origin,

CRITICALTHINKING TYPE QUESTIONS OB = | r2 | (2)2 (0)2 = 2 units.

105. (a) When a charge density is given to the inner cylinder, 1 Q
Now, potential at A, VA = .
the potential developed at its surface is different from 4 (OA)
0
that on the outer cylinder. This is because the potential
decreases with distance for a charged conducting 1 Q
Potential at B, VB = .
cylinder when the point of consideration is outside the 4 0 (OB)
cylinder. But when a charge density is given to the
outer cylinder, it will charge its potential by the same Potential difference between the points A and B is
given by
amount as that of the inner cylinder. Therefore no
potential difference will be produced between the 1 Q 1 Q
VA – VB = . .
cylinders in this case. 4 0 OA 4 0 OB

Q 1 1 Q 1 1
a b
106. (c) 4 0 OA OB 4 0 2 2
3 6
10 10
0 = 0.
4 0
ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE 281

20 (E) 22 102 62 140 2 35

109. (a) Here, V(x) = 2 volt
x 4
F = qE 2 2 35 4 35
dV d 20
We know that E = Q1 Q2
dx 2
dx x 4 115. (d) When ; current will flow in connecting wire
R1 R2
40x so that energy decreases in the form of heat through
or, E = 2
(x 4) 2 the connecting wire.
116. (c) As the capacitor remains connected to the battery, the
At x = 4 m ,
potential difference provided by the battery remains
40 4 160 10 constant.
E= volt / m. 117. (c) The ball on touching plate A will
(42 4) 2 144 9
get positively charged. It will be B
A
Positive sign indicates that E is in +ve x-direction. repelled by A and get attracted
+ –
110. (b) As we move towards a positive charge distribution towards B. After touching B it will + +
+ + + –
get negatively charged. It will + + +
–
dV now be repelled by B and +
V increases i.e., is positive. The increase in –
dr get attracted towards A. + –
potential is steepest when we move exactly towards Thus it will remain oscillating + –
charge distribution. But E is in a direction exactly away and at the extreme position touch the plates.
from charge distribution, therefore E is in exactly
1 q1q 2
opposite direction in which increase in potential is 118. (a) In air Fair =
4 0 r2
dV
steepest. Hence E .
dr 1 q1q 2
In medium Fm = 4
Q 0 Kr 2
111. (d) Electric field E
A Fm 1 Fair
of kerosine oil is more than that of air.. Fm (decreases K-times)
Fair K K
As increases, E decreases.
119. (d)
112. (a) Let the side length of square be 'a' then potential at centre
O is 120. (c)
121. (c) Volume of 8 small drops = Volume of big drop
–Q –q
4 3 4
8 R = R3 R = 2r
O 3 3
As capacity is proportional to r, hence capacity
2Q 2q becomes 2 times.
122. (b) The two capacitors are in parallel so
k ( Q) k ( q) k (2q) k (2Q) A
V 0 (Given)
a a a a C= (k1 + k2)
t 2
2 2 2 2
C1V C2 0 C1
= – Q – q + 2q + 2Q = 0 = Q + q = 0 123. (c) Common potential V’ = = C C .V
C1 C2 1 2
=Q=–q
113. (b) Due to conducting sphere q
At centre, electric field E = 0 124. (c) V0
C0
Q
And electric potential V = q V C0
4 0 R V
C V0 C
V V V
114. (d) E i j k C0 500 20
x y z
C 75 3
= [(6 8y)iˆ ( 8x 8 6z)ˆj (6y)k]
ˆ
20
By definition, C = kC0 k
At (1, 1, 1), E 2i 10 j 6k 3
 282 ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE
125. (d) Let ‘n’ such capacitors are in series and such ‘m’ such
branch are in parallel. Q2 Q2 C2 V 2 ui
uf
250 × n = 1000 n=4 … (i) 2f 2kc 2KC k

8 1 2 1
Also m 16 u = uf – u i = cv –1
n 2 k
As the capacitor is isolated, so change will remain
16 n
m =8 … (ii) conserved p.d. between two plates of the capacitor
8 Q V
No. of capacitor = 8 4 L=
32 KC K
127. (d) : Here, V = 15 × 106 V dielectric strength
Q
126. (c) Capacitance of the capacitor, C = 5 × 107 V m–1
V Maximum electric field, E = 10% of dielectirc stength
After inserting the dielectric, new capacitance
C1 = K.C 10
E= 5 × 107 = 5 × 106 V m–1
New potential difference 100
V V
V1 = As E =
K r
1 2 Q2 V 15 106
ui cv ( Q = cv) r= = =3m
2 2C E 5 106
 18
CURRENT ELECTRICITY

FACT / DEFINITION TYPE QUESTIONS (a) zero (b) independent of T

(c) proportional to T (d) proportional to T 2
1. In a current carrying conductor the net charge is 9. When a potential difference V is applied across a conductor
(a) 1.6 10–19 coulomb (b) 6.25 10–18 coulomb at a temperature T, the drift velocity of electrons is
(c) zero (d) infinite proportional to
2. The current which is assumed to be flowing in a circuit from (a) (b) V
V
positive terminal to negative, is called
(c) T (d) T
(a) direct current (b) pulsating current
(c) conventional current (d) alternating current 10. For which of the following dependence of drift velocity vd on
3. When no current is passed through a conductor, electric field E, is Ohm’s law obeyed?
(a) the free electrons do not move (a) vd E2 (b) vd = E1/2
(b) the average speed of a free electron over a large period (c) vd = constant (d) vd = E
of time is not zero 11. The current density (number of free electrons per m3) in
(c) the average velocity of a free electron over a large period metallic conductor is of the order of
of time is zero (a) 1022 (b) 1024
(c) 10 26 (d) 1028
(d) the average of the velocities of all the free electrons at
an instant is non zero 12. A current passes through a resistor. If K1 and K2 represent
4. A current passes through a wire of nonuniform cross- the average kinetic energy of the conduction electrons and
section. Which of the following quantities are independent the metal ions respectively then
of the cross-section? (a) K1 < K2
(a) The charge crossing (b) Drift velocity (b) K1 = K2
(c) Current density (d) Free-electron density (c) K1 > K2
5. In the equation AB = C, A is the current density, C is the (d) any of these three may occur
electric field, Then B is 13. A metal wire is subjected to a constant potential difference.
(a) resistivity (b) conductivity When the temperature of the metal wire increases, the drift
(c) potential difference (d) resistance velocity of the electron in it
6. Drift velocity of electrons is due to (a) increases, thermal velocity of the electron increases
(a) motion of conduction electrons due to random (b) decreases, thermal velocity of the electron increases
collisions. (c) increases, thermal velocity of the electron decreases
(d) decreases, thermal velocity of the electron decreases
(b) motion of conduction electrons due to electric field E.
14. The electric field intensity E, current density J and specific
(c) repulsion to the conduction electrons due to inner
resistance k are related to each other through the relation
electrons of ions.
(a) E = J/k (b) E = J k
(d) collision of conduction electrons with each other.
(c) E = k/J (d) k = J E
7. The speed at which the current travels, in conductor, is
15. The relaxation time in conductors
nearly equal to
(a) increases with the increases of temperature
(a) 3 × 104 m/s (b) 3 × 105 m/s
6 (b) decreases with the increases of temperature
(c) 4 × 10 m/s (d) 3 × 108 m/s
8. In the absence of an electric field, the mean velocity of free (c) it does not depends on temperature
electrons in a conductor at absolute temperature (T) is (d) all of sudden changes at 400 K
 284 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
16. We are able to obtain fairly large currents in a conductor 25. A strip of copper and another of germanium are cooled from
because room temperature to 80 K. The resistance of
(a) the electron drift speed is usually very large (a) each of these increases
(b) the number density of free electrons is very high and (b) each of these decreases
this can compensate for the low values of the (c) copper strip increases and that of germanium decreases
electron drift speed and the very small magnitude of (d) copper strip decreases and that of germanium increases
the electron charge 26. The electric resistance of a certain wire of iron is R. If its
(c) the number density of free electrons as well as the length and radius are both doubled, then
electron drift speeds are very large and these (a) the resistance and the specific resistance, will both
compensate for the very small magnitude of the remain unchanged
electron charge (b) the resistance will be doubled and the specific
(d) the very small magnitude of the electron charge has resistance will be halved
to be divided by the still smaller product of the (c) the resistance will be halved and the specific resistance
number density and drift speed to get the electric will remain unchanged
current (d) the resistance will be halved and the specific resistance
17. In conductor when electrons move between two collisons, will be doubled
their paths are ... A... when external fields are absent and 27. Nichrome or Manganin is widely used in wire bound
... B...when external filed is present. Here, A and B refer to standard resistors because of their
(a) straight lines, straight lines (a) temperature independent resistivity
(b) straight lines, curved lines (b) very weak temperature dependent resistivity.
(c) curved lines, straight lines (c) strong dependence of resistivity with temperature.
(d) curved lines, curved lines (d) mechanical strength.
18. If N, e, and m are representing electron density, charge, 28. With increase in temperature the conductivity of
relaxation time and mass of an electron respectively, then (a) metals increases and of semiconductor decreases.
the resistance of wire of length and cross-sectional area A (b) semeconductors increases and metals decreases.
is given by (c) in both metals and semiconductors increases.
m 2m A (d) in both metal and semiconductor decreases.
(a) (b) 29. The resistance of a metal increases with increasing
Ne 2 A 2 Ne 2
temperature because
Ne 2 A Ne 2 A (a) the collisions of the conducting electrons with the
(c) (d)
2m 2m electrons increase
19. The unit of specific resistance is (b) the collisions of the conducting electrons with the
1 lattice consisting of the ions of the metal increase
(a) m 1 (b) m 1
(c) the number of conduction electrons decreases
(c) 1 (d) 2.5 m2
(d) the number of conduction electrons increases
20. The example of non-ohmic resistance is 30. To minimise the power loss in the transmission cables
(a) diode (b) copper wire connecting the power stations to homes and factories, the
(c) filament lamp (d) carbon resistor transmission cables carry current
21. Constantan wire is used for making standard resistance, (a) at a very low voltage.
because it has (b) at a very high voltage
(a) high melting point (c) at 220 volt
(b) low specific resistance (d) neither at a very high voltage nor at a very low voltage.
(c) high specific resistance 31. Appliances based on heating effect of current work on
(d) negligible temperature coefficient of resistance (a) only a.c. (b) only d.c.
22. At temperature 0K, the germanium behaves as a / an (c) both a.c. and d.c. (d) None of these
(a) conductor (b) insulator 32. In the series combination of two or more than two
(c) super-conductor (d) ferromagnetic resistances
23. Which of the following is used for the formation of (a) the current through each resistance is same
thermistor? (b) the voltage through each resistance is same
(a) Copper oxide (b) Nickel oxide (c) neither current nor voltage through each resistance is
(c) Iron oxide (d) All of the above same
24. What is the suitable material for electric fuse? (d) both current and voltage through each resistance are
(a) Cu (b) Constantan same.
(c) Tin-lead alloy (d) Nichrome
CURRENT ELECTRICITY 285
33. Two or more resistors are said to be in ...A... if one end of 42. If n cells each of emf and internal resistance r are
all resistors is joined together and similarly the other ends connected in parallel, then the total emf and internal
joined together, Here, A refers to resistances will be
(a) series (b) parallel r
(a) (b) nr
(c) either (a) or (b) (d) None of these n
34. Emf of a cell is r
(c) n (d) n , nr
(a) the maximum potential difference between the terminals n
of a cell when no current is drawn from the cell. 43. The internal resistance of dry cell is ...A..., than the internal
(b) the force required to push the electrons in the circuit. resistance of common electrolytic cell. Here, A refers to
(c) the potential difference between the positive and (a) much lower (b) much higher
negative terminal of a cell in a closed circuit. (c) slightly lower (d) slightly higher
(d) less than terminal potential difference of the cell. 44. Kirchoff’s first law, i.e., S i = 0 at a junction, deals with the
35. When potential difference is applied across an electrolyte, conservation of
then Ohm’s law is obeyed at (a) charge (b) energy
(a) zero potential (b) very low potential
(c) momentum (d) angular momentum
(c) negative potential (d) high potential
45. The Kirchhoff's second law ( iR = E), where the symbols
36. To draw a maximum current from a combination of cells, how
have their usual meanings, is based on
should the cells be grouped?
(a) conservation of momentum
(a) Parallel
(b) conservation of charge
(b) Series
(c) conservation of potential
(c) Mixed grouping
(d) conservation of energy
(d) Depends upon the relative values of internal and
46. Why is the Wheatstone bridge better than the other methods
external resistances.
of measuring resistances?
37. Under what condition will the strength of current in a wire of
(a) It does not involve Ohm’s law
resistance R be the same for connection is series and in
(b) It is based on Kirchoff’s law
parallel of n identical cells each of the internal resistance r?
(c) It has four resistor arms
When
(a) R = n r (b) R = r/n (d) It is a null method
47. If in the experiment of Wheatstone’s bridge, the positions of
(c) R = r (d) R ,r 0 cells and galvanometer are interchanged, then balance point
38. A cell of internal resistance r is connected to an external will
resistance R. The current will be maximum in R, if (a) change
(a) R = r (b) R < r (b) remain unchanged
(c) R > r (d) R = r/2 (c) depend on the internal resistance of cell and resistance
39. An energy source will supply a constant current into the of galvanometer
load if its internal resistance is (d) None of these
(a) very large as compared to the load resistance 48. In a wheatstone bridge in the battery and galvanometer
(b) equal to the resistance of the load are interchanged then the deflection in galvanometer will
(c) non-zero but less than the resistance of the load (a) change in previous direction
(d) zero (b) not change
40. The resistance of the coil of an ammeter is R. The shunt (c) change in opposite direction
required to increase its range n-fold should have a resistance (d) none of these.
R R 49. In meter bridge or Wheatstone bridge for measurement of
(a) (b)
n n 1 resistance, the known and the unknown resistance are
interchanged. The error so removed is
R
(c) (d) nR (a) end correction
n 1
(b) index error
41. A cell of internal resistance r is connected across an external (c) due to temperature effect
resistance nr. Then the ratio of the terminal voltage to the (d) random error
emf of the cell is 50. Potentiometer is based on
1 1 (a) deflection method
(a) (b)
n n 1 (b) zero deflection method
n n 1 (c) both (a) and (b)
(c) (d)
n 1 n (d) None of these
 286 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
51. In potentiometer a balance point is obtained, when 58. Ohm’s law fails in which of the following cases
(a) the e.m.f. of the battery becomes equal to the e.m.f of I. Potential V depends on I non-linearly.
the experimental cell II. The relation between V and I depends on the sign of V
(b) the p.d. of the wire between the +ve end of battery to for the same absolute value of V.
jockey becomes equal to the e.m.f. of the experimental III. V depends on I linearly.
cell (a) I only (b) II only
(c) the p.d. of the wire between +ve point of cell and jockey
(c) I and III (d) I and II
becomes equal to the e.m.f. of the battery
59. When no electric field is present.
(d) the p.d. across the potentiometer wire becomes equal
to the e.m.f. of the battery I. The electrons will be moving due to thermal motion
52. In the experiment of potentiometer, at balance point, there is during which they collide with the fixed ions.
no current in the II. An electron colliding with an ion emerges with the
(a) main circuit same speed as before the collision. However the
(b) galvanometer circuit direction of its velocity after the collision is completely
(c) potentiometer circuit random.
(d) both main and galvanometer circuits III. At a given time, there is no preferential direction for
53. Sensitivity of potentiometer can be increased by the velocities of the electrons. Thus, on an average,
(a) increasing the e.m.f of the cell the number of electrons travelling in any direction
(b) increasing the length of the potentiometer will be equal to the number of electrons travelling in
(c) decreasing the length of the potentiometer wire the opposite direction. So, there will be no net electric
(d) None of these current.
54. Potentiometer measures potential more accurately because Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) it measures potential in open circuit (a) I and II (b) II and III
(b) it uses sensitive galvanometer for null deflection (c) I and III (d) I, II and III
(c) it uses high resistance potentiometer wire 60. What should be the characteristic of fuse wire?
(d) it measures potential in closed circuit I. High melting point, high specific resistance
55. For measuring voltage of any circuit, potentiometer is II. Low melting point, low specific resistance
preferred to voltmeter because III. Low melting point, high specific resistance
(a) the potentiometer is cheap and easy to handle. (a) I only (b) I and II
(b) calibration in the voltmeter is sometimes wrong .
(c) I and III (d) III only
(c) the potentiometer almost draws no current during
61. In household electric circuit
measurement.
I. all electric appliances drawing power are joined in
(d) range of the voltmeter is not as wide as that of the
parallel
potentiometer.
II. a switch may be either in series or in parallel with the
STATEMENT TYPE QUESTIONS appliance which it controls
III. if a switch is in parallel with an appliance, it will draw
56. Consider the following statements and select the correct
power when the switch is in the ‘off’ position (open)
statement(s).
IV. if a switch is in parallel with an appliance, the fuse will
I. Current is the time rate of flow of charge through any
blow (burn out) when the switch is put ‘on’ closed.
cross-section
II. For a given conductor current does not change with Which of the above statements are correct?
change in cross-sectional area (a) I and IV (b) I, III and IV
III. The net charge in a current carrying conductor is infinite (c) II, III and IV (d) I, II and IV
(a) I and II (b) II and III 62. Consider the following statements and select the correct
(c) I and III (d) I, II and III option.
57. Which of the following statements are incorrect ? I. When resistances are connected in parallel the
I. The order of magnitude of current flowing in household equivalent resistance is less than the smallest resistance.
appliances is one ampere. II. When resistances are connected in parallel, current
II The order of magnitude of current in lightening is about distributes in the inverse ratio of resistances.
one ampere. III. When resistances are connected in series maximum
III. The order of magnitude of current in nerves in human current flows through the resistance having least value.
body is one ampere. (a) I only (b) II only
(a) II and III (b) I and II (c) I and II (d) I, II and III
(c) I and III (d) I, II and III
CURRENT ELECTRICITY 287
(a)(A) (3) ; (B) (1) ; (C) (2) ; (D) (4)
MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS
(b)(A) (1) ; (B) (3) ; (C) (2) ; (D) (4)
63. Match the Column I and Column II. (c)(A) (2) ; (B) (1) ; (C) (4) ; (D) (2)
Column I Column II (d)(A) (4) ; (B) (3) ; (C) (1) ; (D) (2)
67. Column I Column II
(A) Ohm’s law is (1) Metals
(A) Junction rule (1) Another statement of
applicable to Ohm’s law.
(B) Ohm’s law is not (2) Greater resistivity (B) Loop rule (2) Magnitude of drift
applicable to velocity per unit electric
(C) Alloys have (3) Diodes, electrolytes field.
semiconductors
(C) j E (3) Based on law of
(D) A heat sensitive (4) Thermistors
conservation of charge
resistor
(D) Mobility (4) Based on law of
(a) (A) (2) ; (B) (1) ; (C) (3) ; (D) (4) conservation of energy.
(b) (A) (1) ; (B) (3) ; (C) (2) ; (D) (4) (a) (A) (1); (B) (2); C (3); (D) (4)
(c) (A) (4) ; (B) (3) ; (C) (2) ; (D) (1) (b) (A) (1); (B) (3); C (2); (D) (4)
(d) (A) (2) ; (B) (1) ; (C) (4) ; (D) (3) (c) (A) (4); (B) (2); C (1); (D) (3)
64. Column I Column II (d) (A) (3); (B) (4); C (1); (D) (2)
(A) Silver (1) Wire bound resistor 68. Column I gives certain situations in which a straight
(B) Semiconductor (2) Resistor of higher range metallic wire of resistance R is used and Column II gives
(C) Carbon resistor (3) Negative temperature some resulting effects.
coefficient of resistivity Column I Column II
(D) Manganin (4) Least resistivity (A) A charged capacitor (1) A constant current flows
(a) (A) (2) ; (B) (1) ; (C) (3) ; (D) (4) is connected to the through the wire
(b) (A) (2) ; (B) (2) ; (C) (4) ; (D) (3) ends of the wire
(c) (A) (4) ; (B) (3) ; (C) (2) ; (D) (1) (B) The wire is moved (2) Thermal energy is
perpendicular to its generated in the wire
(d) (A) (4) ; (B) (3) ; (C) (2) ; (D) (1)
length with a constant
65. Match the physical quantities in Column I and their
velocity in a uniform
mathematical expressions in Column II. magnetic field
Column I Column II perpendicular to the
ne 2 plane of motion
(A) Current (1) (C) The wire is placed in (3) A constant potential
m a constant electric difference develops
1 dp field that has a between the ends of the
(B) Conductivity (2) direction along the wire
p dT length of the wire
(D) A battery of constant (4) charges of constant
(C) Current density (3) j S emf is connected to the magnitude appear at
(D) Temperature coefficient (4) nq vd ends of the wire. ends of the wire
(a) (A) (2) ; (B) (3) ; (C) (4) ; (D) (1, 2, 3)
of resistivity (b) (A) (1) ; (B) (2, 3) ; (C) (4) ; (D) (3)
(a) (A) (2) ; (B) (1) ; (C) (3) ; (D) (4) (c) (A) (1) ; (B) (2) ; (C) (1, 3) ; (D) (4)
(b) (A) (2) ; (B) (2) ; (C) (4) ; (D) (3) (d) (A) (1) ; (B) (2) ; (C) (3) ; (D) (4)
(c) (A) (3) ; (B) (1) ; (C) (4) ; (D) (2) 69. Match the entries of Column I with their correct mathematical
(d) (A) (2) ; (B) (1) ; (C) (4) ; (D) (3) expressions in Column II
66. Match the Column I and Column II. Column I Column II
Column I Column II
(A) Balanced condition (1) R1 R3
(A) Smaller the resistance (1) If the same voltager is R2 R4
greater the current applied and resistance of wheatstone bridge
R l1
are in series (B) Comparison of emf of (2)
(B) Greater or smaller the (2) If the same current is S 100 l1
two cells field.
resistance the current passed E1 l1
(C) Determination of (3)
is same internal resistance of E 2 l2
(C) Greater the resistance (3) When resistances are a cell
smaller the power connected in series
(D) Determination of (4) r R l1 1
(D) Greater the resistance (4) When resistances are l2
unknown resistance
greater the power connected in parallel
by meter bridge
 288 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
(a) (A) (4); (B) (2); C (3); (D) (1) 72. Which of the following I-V graph represents ohmic
(b) (A) (1); (B) (3); C (4); (D) (2) conductors ?
(c) (A) (3); (B) (4); C (2); (D) (1)
(d) (A) (4); (B) (3); C (2); (D) (1) I I

DIAGRAM TYPE QUESTIONS

(a) (b)
70. The figure (1) shows the experimental set up for verification
of Ohm’s law. Graph obtained for this set up is shown in O V O V
figure (2). If the resistance R is changed with a new reistance
of value 2R and the experiment is repeated again then which I I
of the following will be the correct V-I graph?

V (c) (d)
O V O V
V
R
73. The I-V characteristics shown in figure represents
Rh A
I
() I
(1) (2)
V

(a) ohmic conductors (b) non-ohmic conductors

(a) (b) (c) insulators (d) superconductors
74. The voltage V and current I graphs for a conductor at two
different temperatures T1 and T2 are shown in the figure.
The relation between T1 and T2 is

V
T1
T1
(c) (d)

O I

71. The figure shows three conductors I, II and III of same (a) T1 > T2 (b) T1 < T2
material, different lengths l, 2l and 3l and of different areas of
cross-section 3A, A and 2A respectively. Arrange them in the 1
(c) T1 = T2 (d) T1 =
increasing order of current drawn from battery. T2
75. The graph shows the variation of resistivity with temperature
l
i1 3A i1 T. The graph can be of
I

i2 A 2l i2
II
2A 3l
III
i3 i3
( )
T
(a) i1 i2 i3 (b) i3 i2 i1
(c) i2 i1 i3 (d) i2 ` i3 i1 (a) copper (b) nichrome
(c) germanium (d) silver
CURRENT ELECTRICITY 289
76. Choose the correct circuit diagram which is equivalent to the R1
circuit diagram given in the figure.
R1 R2
R4 (d) R3
R2
R3 R4
78. A wire of length l is connected to a battery between point A
R1 and B as shown in fig (1). The same wire is bent in the form of
R4 a circle and then connected to the battery between the points
(a) A and B as shown in fig. (2). The current drawn from the battery
R2
A B
R3 A l B

() ()
R1 R4 (1) (2)
(b) (a) increases
(b) decreases
R2 R3 (c) remains same
(d) increases if upper part of wire between A and B is a
major arc and decreases if it is minor arc.
79. Figure shows a cell in which electrodes P and N are dipped in
R1 R4 electrolyte. Points A and B are just adjacent to the electrodes.
P is positive electrode and N is negative electrode. Which of
(c) the following is true?

R2 R3 R
+ –
P N
R1 R4

(d) A B

R2 R3

77. Four resistors R1, R2, R3 and R4 are connected in different Electrolyte
ways. Which of the following combinations will draw the (a) Inside the cell current flows from A to B.
maximum current when connected to a battery ? (b) Inside the cell current flows from B to A.
R1 R2 R3 R4 (c) Current does not flow inside the cell.
(a) (d) Inside the cell current flows in both the directions A to
R2 B and B to A.
R1 80. The figure shows the circuit diagram of five resistors, a battery
(b) and a switch. If the switch S is closed then current drawn
R4 from the battery
R3 R

R1 R4
2R 4R
(c)
S
R2 R3
3R 6R
 290 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
(a) increases 84. For the circuit diagram shown in the figure the value of I1
(b) decreases comes out to be negative. It implies that
(c) remains same B
(d) initially increases and when the resistance R gets heated I1
then decreases. R1 R2
I3
81. A cell having an emf and internal resistance r is I4
connected across a variable external resistance R. As the 2
resistance R is increased, the plot of potential difference A C
1
V across R is given by
R5
R3
R4
I5
(a) (b) I2
V V D
0 0 (a) the actual current flows in opposite direction of arrow
R R (b) the actual current flows in the direction of arrow.
(c) Kirchhoff’s junction rule is wrongly applied to find
V current.
(d) Kirchhoff’s loop rule is wrongly applied to find the
V current.
(c) (D)
85. The figure shows a circuit diagram of a Wheatstone
0 0
R R Bridge’ to measure the resistance G of the galvanometer.
P R
82. A battery of e.m.f E and internal resistance r is connected The relation = will be satisfied only when
Q G
to a variable resistor R as shown. Which one of the following
is true ?
E r P

(a) Potential difference across the terminals of the

battery is maximum when R = r (a) the galvanometer shows a deflection when switch S
(b) Power delivered to resistor is maximum when is closed
R = 2r (b) the galvanometer show a deflection when switch S is
(c) Current in the circuit is maximum when R = r open
(d) Current in the circuit is maximum when R >> r (c) the galvanometer shows no change in deflection
whether S is open or closed
83. Which of the following is the correct equation when
kirchhoff’s loop rule is applied to the loop BCDEB in clockwise (d) the galvanometer shows no deflection
direction? 86. The bridge is at balanced condition in figure. Now the battery
and galvanometer are interchanged. Which of the following
R3 R4 figures show the correct direction of flow of current?
C D

i3 B
i2 R2
B E
R1 R2 R4
i1
A F A G C

R1 R3
(a) –i3 R3 – i3 R4 – i2 R2 = 0
(b) –i3 R3 – i3 R4 + i2 R2 = 0
(c) –i3 R3 + i3 R4 + i2 R2 = 0 D
(d) –i3 R3 + i3 R4 + i2 R2 = 0
CURRENT ELECTRICITY 291
(b) to the right of D
(a) B (b) B
I1 I1 (c) at the same point D
I4 I4
R4 (d) to the left of D if S' has lesser value than S and to the
R1 R4 R1 right of D if S' has more value than S.
A C 89. AB is a wire of potentiometer with the increase in value of
I2 A
I2 I3 C
resistance R, the shift in the balance point J will be
R2 R3 R3
R2
R
I3 I5
D D
J B
G A
G

G
(c) I1
B (d) B
I1
I4 (a) towards B
R1 R4 R4 (b) towards A
R1 I4
(c) remains constant
A I3 C A C
I2 I2 (d) first towards B then back towards A
R2 R3 R3
R2
ASSERTION- REASON TYPE QUESTIONS
I3 I5 I3
D D Directions : Each of these questions contain two statements,
Assertion and Reason. Each of these questions also has four
G G
alternative choices, only one of which is the correct answer. You
87. In the figure in balanced condition of wheatstone bridge have to select one of the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) given below.
(a) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is a correct
B
explanation for assertion.
(b) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is not a
R2 R4 correct explanation for assertion
A G C (c) Assertion is correct, reason is incorrect
R3 (d) Assertion is incorrect, reason is correct.
R1
90. Assertion: Current is a vector quantity.
Reason: Current has magnitude as well as direction.
D 91. Assertion : A stream of positively charged particle produces
an electric field E at a centrain distance from it.
Reason : A current currying conductor produces an electric
(a) B is at higher potential field 2E at the same distance.
(b) D is at higher potential 92. Assertion : Electric field outside the conducting wire which
(c) Any of the two B or D can be at higher potential than carries a constant current is zero.
other arbitrarily.
Reason : Net charge on conducting wire is zero.
(d) B and D are at same potential.
93. Assertion: The statement of Ohm’s law is V = IR.
88. The figure shows a meter bridge in which null point is obtained
at a length AD = l. When a resistance S' is connected in Reason: V = IR is the equation which defines resistance.
parallel with resistance S the new position of null point is 94. Assertion : A current flows in a conductor only when there
obtained is an electric field within the conductor.
Reason : The drift velocity of electron in presence of electric
R S' field decreases.
B S 95. Assertion : Drift speed vd is the average speed between two
G
successive collisions.
d
A C Reason : If is the average distance moved between two
D
collision and t is the corresponding time, then

vd lim .
( ) t 0 t
(a) to the left of D
 292 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
96. Assertion : When a current is established in a wire, the free 107. Assertion : In meter bridge experiment, a high resistance
electrons drift in the direction opposite to the current and so is always connected in series with a galvanometer.
the number of free electrons in the wire continuously Reason : As resistance increase current more accurately
decrease. then ammeter.
Reason : Charge is a conserved quantity. 108. Assertion : The e.m.f of the driver cell in the potentiometer
97. Assertion : The electric bulb glows immediately when switch experiment should be greater that the e.m.f of the cell to
is on. be determined.
Reason : The drift velocity of electrons in a metallic wire is Reason : The fall of potential across the potentiometer
very high. wire should not be less than the e.m.f of the cell to be
determined.
98. Assertion: E j is the statement of Ohm’s law..
109. Assertion : A potentiometer of longer length is used for
Reason: If the resistivity of the conducting material is accurate measurement.
independent of the direction and magnitude of applied field Reason : The potential gradient for a potentiometer of
then the material obeys Ohm’s law. longer length with a given source of e.m.f becomes small.
99. Assertion: For a conductor resistivity increases with increase
in temperature. CRITICALTHINKING TYPE QUESTIONS
m 110. The amount of charge Q passed in time t through a cross-
Reason: Since , when temperature increases the
ne 2 section of awireis Q = 5 t2 + 3 t + 1. The value of current at
random motion of free electrons increases and vibration of time t = 5 s is
ions increases which decreases . (a) 9 A (b) 49 A
100. Assertion : The drift velocity of electrons in a metallic (c) 53 A (d) None of these
wire will decrease, if the temperature of the wire is 111. A conductor carries a current of 50 A. If the area of cross-
increased. section of the conductor is 50 mm2, then value of the current
Reason : On increasing temperature, conductivity of density in Am–2 is
metallic wire decreases. (a) 0.5 (b) 1
101. Assertion : Bending a wire does not effect electrical (c) 10–3 (d) 10–6
resistance. 112. Two wires A and B of the same material, having radii in the
Reason: Resistance of wire is proportional ot resistivity of ratio 1 : 2 and carry currents in the ratio 4 : 1. The ratio of drift
material. speed of electrons in A and B is
(a) 16 : 1 (b) 1 : 16
102. Assertion : Two non ideal batteries are connected in parallel.
(c) 1 : 4 (d) 4 : 1
The equivalent emf is smaller than either of the two emfs.
113. When a current is set up in a wire of radius r, the drift velocity
Reason : The equivalent internal resistance is smaller than
is vd. If the same current is set up through a wire of radius 2 r,
either of the two internal resistances.
the drift velocity will be
103. Assertion : Kirchoff’s juction rule can be applied to a
(a) 4 vd (b) 2 vd
junction of several lines or a point in a line.
(c) vd/2 (d) vd/4
Reason : When steady current is flowing, there is no
114. A straight conductor of uniform cross-section carries a
accumulation of charges at any junction or at any point
current I. If s is the specific charge of an electron, the
in a line. momentum of all the free electrons per unit length of the
104. Assertion : Kirchoff s junction rule follows from conductor, due to their drift velocity only is
conservation of charge.
Reason : Kirchoff s loop rule follows from conservation of (a) I s (b) I/s
momentum.
(c) I/s (d) (I / s)2
105. Assertion : In meter bridge experiment, a high resistance
is always connected in series with a galvanometer. 115. When the current i is flowing through a condutor, the drift
Reason : As resistance increases current through the velocity is v. If 2i current flows through the same metal but
circuit increases. having double the are of cross-section, then the drift
106. Assertion : In a meter bridge experiment, null point for an velocity will be
unknown resistance is measured. Now, the unknown (a) v \ 4 (b) v / 2
resistance is put inside an enclosure maintained at a higher (c) v (d) 4v
temperature. The null point can be obtained at the same 116. If the resistance of a conductor is 5 at 50º C & 7 at 100º C,
point as before by decreasing the value of the standard then mean temperature coefficient of resistance (of material)
resistance. is
Reason : Resistance of a metal increases with increase in (a) 0.013/ ºC (b) 0.004/ ºC
temperature. (c) 0.006/ ºC (d) 0.008/ ºC
CURRENT ELECTRICITY 293
117. If negligibly small current is passed though a wire of length 124. In the network shown below, the ring has zero resistance.
15 m and resistance of 5 , having uniform cross section of The equivalent resistance between the point A and B is
6 × 10–7 m2, then coefficient of resistivity of material is (a) 2R
(a) 1×10–7 –m (b) 2×10–7 –m 3R
(c) 3×10 –7 –m (d) 4×10–7 –m (b) 4R 3R A
B
118. The resistance of a wire at room temperature 30°C is found (c) 7R R
to be 10 . Now to increase the resistance by 10%, the 3R
(d) 10R
temperature of the wire must be [ The temperature coefficient
of resistance of the material of the wire is 0.002 per °C] 125. In the network shown, each resistance is equal to R. The
(a) 36°C (b) 83°C equivalent resistance between adjacent corners A and D is
(c) 63°C (d) 33°C
119. A wire is connected to a battery between the point M and N (a) R
as shown in the figure (1). The same wire is bent in the form 2
of a square and then connected to the battery between the (b) R
3
points M and N as shown in the figure (2). Which of the
following quantities increases ? 3
(c) R
7
M N M N
8
(d) R
15
() ()
126. A 3 volt battery with negligible internal resistance is
(1) (2) connected in a circuit as shown in the figure. The current I,
in the circuit will be
(a) Heat produced in the wire and resistance offered by
the wire.
(b) Resistance offered by the wire and current through the
wire. 3
(c) Heat produced in the wire, resistance offered by the 3
3V
wire and current through the wire.
(d) Heat produced in the wire and current through the wire.
120. When a piece of aluminium wire of finite length is drawn 3
through a series of dies to reduce its diameter to half its
original value, its resistance will become (a) 1 A (b) 1.5 A
(a) two times (b) four times (c) 2 A (d) 1/3 A
(c) eight times (d) sixteen times 127. Two sources of equal emf are connected to an external
121. A wire X is half the diameter and half the length of a wire Y resistance R. The internal resistance of the two sources are
of similar material. The ratio of resistance of X to that of Y is R1 and R2 (R2 > R1). If the potential difference across the
(a) 8 : 1 (b) 4 : 1 source having internal resistance R2 is zero, then
(c) 2 : 1 (d) 1 : 1
(a) R= R 2 R1
122. Each of the resistance in the network shown in fig. is equal
to R. The resistance between the terminals A and B is (b) R= R 2 (R1 R 2 ) /(R 2 R1 )
L
(c) R= R 1R 2 /( R 2 R 1 )
(d) R= R 1R 2 /( R 1 R 2 )
R R R
A 128. In the series combination of n cells each cell having emf
R

R B and internal resistance r. If three cells are wrongly

K M connected, then total emf and internal resistance of this
(a) R (b) 5 R combination will be
(c) 3 R (d) 6 R (a) n (nr – 3r) (b) (n – 2 ) nr
123. A wire has a resistance 12 . It is bent in the form of a circle. (c) (n – 4 nr (d) (n – 6 ), nr
The effective resistance between two points on any diameter 129. The internal resistance of a 2.1 V cell which gives a current
is of 0.2 A through a resistance of 10 is
(a) 6 (b) 3
(a) 0.5 (b) 0.8
(c) 12 (d) 24
(c) 1.0 (d) 0.2
 294 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
130. A primary cell has an e.m.f. of 1.5 volt. When short-circuited 135. The resistance of the four arms P, Q, R and S in a
it gives a current of 3 ampere. The internal resistance of the Wheatstone’s bridge are 10 ohm, 30 ohm, 30 ohm and 90
cell is ohm, respectively. The e.m.f. and internal resistance of the
(a) 4.5 ohm (b) 2 ohm cell are 7 volt and 5 ohm respectively. If the galvanometer
(c) 0.5 ohm (d) (1/4.5) ohm resistance is 50 ohm, the current drawn from the cell will be
131. A torch bulb rated as 4.5 W, 1.5 V is connected as shown in (a) 0.2 A (b) 0.1 A
fig. The e.m.f. of the cell, needed to make the bulb glow at
(c) 2. 0 A (d) 1. 0 A
full intensity is
136. In a Wheatstone's bridge, three resistances P, Q and R
connected in the three arms and the fourth arm is formed by
4.5 W, two resistances S1 and S2 connected in parallel. The
1.5V
2E/9 condition for the bridge to be balanced will be

P 2R P R (S1 S2 )
E/9 (a) (b)
Q S1 S2 Q S1S 2
0.33
E/3
P R (S1 S2 ) P R
E, r = 2.67 (c) (d)
Q 2S1S2 Q S1 S2

(a) 4.5 V (b) 1.5 V 137. The current I drawn from the 5 volt source will be
(c) 2.67 V (d) 13.5 V
132. A battery of e.m.f. 10 V and internal resistance 0.5 is
10
connected across a variable resistance R. The value of R for
which the power delivered in it is maximum is given by 5 10 20
(a) 0.5 (b) 1.0
(c) 2.0 (d) 0.25
I 10
133. Determine the current in 2 resistor.
+–
2 5 volt
3

1 (a) 0.33 A (b) 0.5 A

(c) 0.67 A (d) 0.17 A
6V 2.8
138. In a Wheatstone bridge all the four arms have equal
resistance R. If the resistance of galvanometer arm is also R,
the equivalent resistance of combination is
(a) 1 A (b) 1.5 A
(a) 2R (b) R/4
(c) 0.9 A (d) 0.6 A
(c) R/2 (d) R
134. In the circuit shown in figure, with steady current, the potential
139. A meter bridge is set up as shown, to determine an unknown
drop across the capacitor must be
resistance ‘X’ using a standard 10 ohm resistor. The
V
galvanometer shows null point when tapping-key is at
R 52 cm mark. The end-corrections are 1 cm and 2 cm
V
|| respectively for the ends A and B. The determined value of
C ‘X’ is

2V 2R

V
(a) V (b)
2

V 2V (a) 10.2 ohm (b) 10.6 ohm

(c) (d)
3 3 (c) 10.8 ohm (d) 11.1 ohm
CURRENT ELECTRICITY 295
140. In a metre bridge, the balancing length from the left end (standard 144. A potentiometer consists of a wire of length 4m and resistance
resistance of one ohm is in the right gap) is found to be 20 cm. 10 . It is connected to a cell of e.m.f. 3V. The potential
The value of the unknown resistance is gradient of wire is
(a) 0.8 (b) 0.5 (a) 5V/m (b) 2V/m
(c) 0.4 (d) 0.25 (c) 5V/m (d) 10V/m
141. If specific resistance of a potentiometer wire is 10–7 m 145. Potentiometer wire of length 1 m is connected in series with
current flowing through it, is 0.1 amp and cross sectional 490 resistance and 2 V battery. If 0.2 mV/cm is the potential
area of wire is 10–6 m2, then potential gradient will be gradient, then resistance of the potentiometer wire is
(a) 10–2 volt/m (b) 10–4 volt/m (a) 4.9 (b) 7.9
–6
(c) 10 volt/m (d) 10–8 volt/m (c) 5.9 (d) 6.9
142. The current in the primary circuit of a potentiometer wire is 146. A potentiometer wire, 10 m long, has a resistance of 40 . It
0.5 A, for the wire is 4 × 10–7 –m and area of cross- is connected in series with a resistance box and a 2 V storage
section of wire is 8 × 10–6 m2. The potential gradient in the cell. If the potential gradient along the wire is 0.1 m V/cm, the
wire would be resistance unplugged in the box is
(a) 25 mV/meter (b) 2.5 mV/meter (a) 260 (b) 760
(c) 25 V/meter (d) 10 V/meter (c) 960 (d) 1060
143. A cell when balanced with potentiometer gave a balance 147. In an experiment to measure the internal resistance of a cell,
length of 50 cm. 4.5 external resistance is introduced in by a potentiometer, it is found that the balance point is at a
the circuit, now it is balanced on 45 cm. The internal length of 2 m, when the cell is shunted by a 5 resistance
resistance of cell is and is at a length of 3 m when the cell is shunted by a 10
(a) 0.25 (b) 0.5 resistance. The internal resistance of the cell is
(c) 1.0 (d) 1.5 (a) 1.5 (b) 10
(c) 15 (d) 1
 296 CURRENT ELECTRICITY

FACT / DEFINITION TYPE QUESTIONS

cm)
1. (c) In a current carrying conductor, the net charge is zero.

Resistivity (
2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (d)
5. (a) J E J E T
T (k)
J is current density, E is electric field
so B = = resistivity. 28. (b) Semiconductors having negative temperature
6. (b) Motion of conduction electrons due to random coefficient of resistivity whereas metals are having
collisions has no preffered direction and average to positive temperature coefficient of resistivity with
increase in temperature the resistivity of metal
zero. Drift velocity is caused due to motion of
increases where a resistivity of semiconductor
conduction electrons due to applied electric field E . decreases.
7. (d) 8. (a) 9. (b) 29. (a) The conduction electrons collides with each other
10. (d) 11. (d) 12. (c) more. the specific resistance of a conductor increases
13. (b) When the temperature increases, resistance increases. with temperature according to the reaction T =
eEg/kgT where
As the e.m.f. applied is the same, the current density 0 0 is the specific resistance at 0° C,
Eg = energy of the gap between the valence and the
decreases the drift velocity decreases. But the rms
conduction band, kB is the Boltzmann constant and
velocity of the electron due to thermal motion is T, the temperature of the resistor.
proportional to T . The Thermal velocity increases. 30. (b) The power dissipated in the transmission cables is
14. (b) inversely proportional to the square of voltage at which
current is transmitted through the cables. Therefore to
15. (b) Because as temperature increases, the resistivity
minimize the power loss the transmission cables carry
increases and hence the relaxation time decreases for current at a very high voltage.
1 31. (c)
conductors 32. (a) In series combination, current across its circuit
components is always constant and in parallel
16. (b) combination the voltage across the circuit components
17. (a) In conductor when electrons move between two in constant.
collisions, their paths are straight lines when external 33. (b) Two or more resistors are said to be in parallel, if one
fields are absent and paths are curved in general end of all resistors is joined together and similarly the
other ends joined together.
when external field is present.
18. (a) 19. (c) 20. (a) 21. (d) 22. (b) I1 R1
23. (d) 24. (c) 25. (d) I

26. (c) 1
, now A I B
R 2= 2 1
A1
I2 R2
A 2 = (r2)2 = (2r1)2 = 4 r12 = 4A1
Two resistors R1 and R2 connected in parallel.
(2 1 ) R 34. (a) 35. (d) 36. (d) 37. (c) 38. (a)
R2
4A1 2A 2 E
39. (d) I = , Internal resistance (r) is zero,
Resistance is halved, but specific resistance remains R r
the same. E
27. (b) These materials exhibit a very weak dependence of I= = constant.
R
resistivity on temperature. Their resistance values
would be changed very little with temperature as Ig R Ig
40. (b) S S R
shown in figure. Hence these materials are widely nIg Ig (n 1)I g
used as heating element.
CURRENT ELECTRICITY 297
41. (c) Internal resistance = r, External resistance = nr. electron colliding with an ion emerges with the same
Let terminal voltage = V speed as before the collision. However, the direction
of its velocity after the collision is completely
Er
then V E Ir V E random. At a given time, there is no preferential
(n 1)r direction for the velocities of the electrons. Thus, on
the average, the number of electrons travelling in any
nE V n
V direction will be equal to the number of electrons
n 1 E n 1 travelling in the opposite direction. So, there will be
42. (a) : In the parallel combination, no net electric current.
60. (d) 61. (b)
eq 1 2 n
.... 62. (c) When resistances are connected in series the same
req r1 r2 rn
current flows through each resistance.
1 1 1 1 MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS
....
req r1 r2 rn
63. (b) (A) (1) if the temperature is not very high.
( n = and r1 = r2= r3 = ... r) (B) (3)
(C) (2)
eq
.... n .... (i) (D) (4)
req r r r r 64. (d) A - (4) as silver has least resistivity. B - (3) because the
resistivity of semiconductor decreases with temperature
1 1 1 n so they have negative temperature coefficient of
....
req r r r r req = r/n ...(ii) resistivity. C-(2) as carbon resistors have high range.
D-(1) because wires of alloys like managanin,
From (i) and (ii)
constantan, nichrome etc are used to make wire bound
resistors.
eq n req n
req r r 65. (c) 66. (c)
67. (d) A-(3) Kirchhoff’s junction rule is based on law of
43. (b) The internal resistance of dry cells, is much higher conservation of charge. B-(4) Kirchhoff’s loop rule is
than the common electrolytic cells.
44. (a) based on law of conservation of energy. C-(1) j E
45. (d) Kirchhoff's first law is based on conservation of charge is also an equivalent form of Ohm’s law. D-(2) as mobility
and Kirchhoff's second law is based on conservation is defined as the magnitude of drift velocity per unit
of energy. electric field.
46. (d) 47. (b) 68. (a) A-2 : Energy stored in capacitor will convert into thermal
48. (b) The deflection in galvanometer will not be changed energy.
due to interchange of battery and the galvanometer. B-3 : Induced emf, e = B v .
49. (a) In meter bridge experiment, it is assumed that the C-4 : Because of electric force ends of wire will have
resistance of the L shaped plate is negligible, but opposite charges.
actually it is not so. The error created due to this is D-1, 2, 3 : When battery is connected to wire a constant
called end error. To remove this the resistance box current flows in the wire which produces heating effect.
and the unknown resistance must be interchanged 69. (b)
and then the mean reading must be taken.
50. (b) Potentiometer is based on zero deflection method. DIAGRAM TYPE QUESTIONS
51. (b) 52. (b) 53. (b) 54. (a) 55. (c)
70. (d) Even if resistance R is changed with 2R, according to
Ohm’s law V is still proportional to I i.e., the graph
STATEMENT TYPE QUESTIONS
between V and I is a straight line. Then why option (a)
56. (a) is not correct? Because the slope of V.I. graph gives the
57. (a) The order of magnitude of current in lightening is very value of resistance. As the value of resistance is
high approx 10,000 of amperes. The order of magnitude increased from R to 2R, the slope of given graph must
of current in human body and galvanometer is also not also increase which is shown in fig. (d).
one ampere. l
58. (d) According to Ohm’s law, the plot of I versus V is linear 71. (d) As we know, resistance R = . The resistance of
A
so how can it fail if V depends on I linearly.
59. (d) Consider the case when no electric field is present. conductor l is given by
The electrons will be moving due to thermal motion l R l
during which they collide with the fixed ions. An RI where R
3A 3 A
 298 CURRENT ELECTRICITY

2l E E
Similarly, RII 2R 82. (c) I
A R r ( R r )2 2 R r
3l 3 I is maximum when R = r
and RIII R
2A 2 P I 2 R , when I is max, P is also max.
From this we conclude that RII > RIII > RI. Since in
parallel combination of resistances current distributes Pmax I 2max R .
in inverse ratio of resistances, therefore i2 < i3 < i1 83. (b) If we apply Kirchhoff’s loop rule to the loop BCDEB in
72. (a) Ohm’s law V = IR is an equation of straight line clockwise direction the changes in potential across R3
Hence I - V characteristics for ohmic conductors is and R4 are negative. Therefore i3 R3 and i3 R4 should
also a straight line and its slope gives resistance of have negative sign. But for this clockwise direction we
the conductor. are moving in a direction opposite to i2 across R2.
73. (b) The figure is showing I – V characteristics of non Current flows from higher potential to lower potential
ohmic or non linear conductors. but we are moving from lower potential to higher
potential i.e., potential is increasing. So the change in
V potential is positive. Therefore i2 R2 has positive sign.
T1 84. (a) If the value of current comes out positive then actual
74. (a)
T1 current is in the direction of arrow and if it comes out
negative then actual current is in opposite direction of
I the arrow.
O
85. (c) In balances condition, no current will flow through
The slope of V – I graph gives the resistance of a the branch containing S.
conductor at a given temperature. 86. (b) In the balance condition if the battery and galvanometer
From the graph, it follows that resistance of a are interchanged even then no current flows through
conductor at temperature T1 is greater than at the galvanometer as A and C are at same potential.
temperature T1 As the resistance of a conductor is 87. (d) In balance condition, since no current flows through
more at higher temperature and less at lower the galvanometer therefore B and D are at the same
temperature, hence T1 > T2 potential.
75. (c) The resistivity of semiconductor decreases with 88. (b) The working principle of meter bridge is
increase in temperature.
76. (d) This is a balanced Wheatstone bridge condition. R l
… (i)
77. (d) When all the resistances are connected in parallel the S 100 l
equivalent resistance is minimum so, current drawn will When S' is connected in parallel with S we obtain
be maximum. equivalent resistance Seq of S and S' which is less than
78. (a) In figure (2) the upper and lower part of the wire between S. Thus if the value of denominator of L.H.S. of eq. (i)
A and B are in parallel. Therefore the equivalent decreases then value of denominator of R.H.S. of eq. (i)
resistance of these two parts is less than the resistance also decreases. For this to happen the null point shifts
of each of the upper and lower part. Since the resistance to the right of D.
between A and B decreases in fig. (2) therefore the 89. (a) Due to increases in resistance R the current through
current drawn from the battery increases. the wire will decrease and hence the potential
79. (b) Current does flow through the electrolyte inside the gradient also decreases, which results in increase in
cell and it flows from negative electrode to positive balancing length. So. J will shift towards B.
electrode.
80. (c) No current flows through the resistor R as A and C are ASSERTION- REASON TYPE QUESTIONS
at same potential. Hence current drawn from battery
90. (d) We call those quantities as vector quantities which
will remain same on closing the switch.
have magnitude and direction and obey laws of vector
81. (b) Current in the circuit,
addition. Though current has magnitude as well as
direction but it does not obey laws of vector addition.
I= Hence it is not a vector quantity.
R r
Potential difference across R, 91. (c) The net charge on current carrying conductor is zero,
and so its electric field is also zero.
V = IR = R 92. (a)
R r 1
r 93. (d) A diode does not obey Ohm’s law while a resistor obeys.
R But the equation V = IR can be applied to both. In fact
When R = 0, V = 0 the equation V = IR can be applied to all the conducting
R= ,V= devices whether they obey Ohm’s law or not. So V = IR
CURRENT ELECTRICITY 299
is not a statement of Ohm’s law. Ohm’s law states that V 102. (d) The equivalent emf of the two batteries in parallel,
is directly proportional to I i.e.. V I. The proportionality
e1r2 r2 r1
sign is changed to equality sign in the equation V = IR e . e may be; e1 e e2.
r1 r2
with R as constant of proportionality know as resistance
of conductor. Thus the equation V = IR defines r1r2
resistance. Internal resistance, r . This value is smaller
r1 r2
94. (c) Before the presence of electric field, the free electrons
move randomly in the conductor, so their drift velocity than either of r1 and r2.
is zero and therefore there is no current in the conductor. 103. (a)
In the presence of electric field, each electron in the 104. (c) Kirchoff 's loop rule follows from conservation of
conductor experience a force in a direction opposite to energy.
the electric field. Now the free electrons are accelerated 105. (c) The resistance of the galvanometer is fixed. In meter
from negative and to the positive end of the conductor bride experiments, to protect the galvanometer from a
and hence a current starts to flow from the conductor. high current, high resistance is connected to the
95. (c) Drift speed is the average speed between two galvanometer.
successive collision. 106. (d) With increase in temperature, resistance of metal wire
96. (d) The free electron density in any part of the conductor increases, but balance conduction will not change.
remains constant. 107. (c) The resistance of the galvanometer is flexed. In meter
97. (c) The drift velocity of electrons in metals is order of bridge experiments, to protect the galvanometer from
10–4 m/s. a high current, high resistance is conneted to the
98. (a) We know that V = IR galvanometer in order to protect it from damage.
108. (a) If either e.m.f. of the driver cell or potential difference
l
Since R across the whole potentiometer wire is lesser than the
A e.m.f. of then experimental cell, then balance point will
l not obtained.
Therefore V I … (i)
A 1
I 109. (a) Sensitivity (Length of wire)
Now j is the current density.. Potential gradient
A
Therefore eq. (i) becomes
CRITICALTHINKING TYPE QUESTIONS
V
V j l or j
l dQ
110. (c) 10t 3
V dt
Now E , where E is magnitude of electric field.
l At t = 5s, = 10 × 5 + 3 = 53 A
Therefore E j … (ii) 111. (b) Current density J = /A
Current density j is also a vector which is directed 50 16 6 / 50 10 6 1 Am 2
along E . Therefore the relation (ii) can also be written 112. (a) Current flowing through the conductor,
in vector form E j. I = n e v A. Hence
99. (a) When temperature increases the random motion of
4 nevd1 (1)2 vd1 4 1 16
electrons and vibration of ions increases which results or .
in more frequent collisions of electrons with the ions. 1 2 vd 2 1 1
nevd 2 (2)
Due to this the average time between the successive
collisions, denoted by , decreases which increases . 113. (d) = n A e vd or vd 1/ r 2
100. (b) On increasing temperature of wire the kinetic energy
114. (c)
of free electrons increase and so they collide more
rapidly with each other and hence their drift velocity J
decreases. Also when temperature increases, 115. (c) vd = vd J [current density]
ne
resistivity increases and resistivity is inversely
proportional to conductivity of material. i 2i 1
J1 = and J2 = = J ;
A 2A A 1
I
101. (a) Resistance wire R = , where is resistivity of vd vd v
A
116. (a) [Hint Rt = Ro (1 + t)]
material which does not depend on the geometry of 5 = R0 (1 + × 50) and 7 = R0 (1 + × 100)
wire. Since when wire is bent resistivity, length and
area of cross-section do not change, therefore 5 1 50 2
or or 0.0133/ C
resistance of wire also remain same. 7 1 100 150
 300 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
If a wire of resistance R is bent in the form of a circle,
R .A
117. (b) (Hint = Coefficient of resistivity) the effective resistance between the ends of a diameter
= R/4.
118. (b) Rt = R0 (1 + t) 124. (a) As the ring has no resistance, the three resistances of
Initially, R0 (1 + 30 ) = 10 3R each are in parallel.
Finally, R0 (1 + t) = 11
1 1 1 1 1
11 1 t R R
R 3R 3R 3R R
10 1 30 between point A and B equivalent resistance
or, 10 + (10 × 0.002 × t) = 11 + 330 × 0.002 = R+ R = 2R
1.66 125. (d) The equivalent circuit is as shown in figure.
or, 0.02t = 1 + 0.66 = 1.066 or t 83 C. The resistance of arm AOD (= R + R) is in parallel to the
0.02
resistance R of arm AD.
119. (d) When the wire is bent in the form of a square and
connected between M and N as shown in fig. (2), the
effective resistance between M and N decreases to one
fourth of the value in fig. (1). The current increases four
times the initial value according to the relation
V = IR. Since H = I2 Rt, the decrease in the value of
resistance is more than compensated by the increases
in the value of current. Hence heat produced increases.
120. (d)

121. (c) R or R .
( D 2 / 4) D2 2R R 2
Their effective resistance R1 R
2R R 3
Rx x
D y2 y /2 D y2 2
The resistance of arms AB, BC and CD is
Ry Dx 2 y (D y / 2) 2
y 1
2 8
R2 R R R R
122. (a) The equivalent circuit is shown in fig. Since the 3 3
Wheatstone’s bridge is balanced, therefore no current The resistance R1 and R2 are in parallel. The effective
will flow through the arm KL. Equivalent resistance resistance between A and D is
between
AKM = R + R = 2 R 2 8
R R
Equivalent resistance between ALM = R + R = 2 R R1 R 2 3 3 8
R3 R.
The two resistances are in parallel. Hence equivalent R1 R 2 2 8 15
R R
resistance between A and B is given by 3 3

K
126. (b)
3 3
R R 2
3 = 3 =
A R M B
3V 3V
3V

3
R R 1. 5 A
2
L 2
127. (c) I = R1 R2
R R1 R 2 I
1 1 1 2 1
R 2R 2R 2R R
i.e., R R
123. (b) Resistance of the wire of a semicircle = 12/2 = 6
For equivalent resistance between two points on any
R
diameter, 6 and 6 are in parallel.
or Pot. difference across second cell = V IR 2 0
CURRENT ELECTRICITY 301
2 Between A and B, voltage is same in both resistances,
= .R2 0
R R1 R 2 2I1 3I 2 where I1 I 2 I 1.5
R R1 R 2 2R 2 0
2I1 3(1.5 I1 ) I1 0.9A
R R1 R 2 = 0 R = R 2 R1
128. (d) Since due to wrong connection of each cell the total 134. (c) F
V R
E
emf reduced to 2 then for wrong connection of three I

cells the total emf will reduced to (n – 6 ) whereas

the total or equivalent resistance of cell combination V C
will be nr. A D
0V G
129. (a) Given : emf = 2.1 V
I = 0.2 A, R = 10 I

Internal resistance r = ? B C
2V 2R
From formula.
– Ir = V = IR
2.1 – 0.2r = 0.2 × 10 V
Applying Kirchhoff’s law in BCDEFAB we get, I
2.1 – 0.2 r = 2 or 0.2 r = 0.1 3R
Let A be at 0 V. Then potential at G is V.
0.1
r = 0.5 Applying Krichhoff’s law for AFED, we get
0.2
V 4V
130. (c) r = E / I = 1.5 / 3 = 0.5 ohm. 0 + V + IR = VD 0 V R VD VD
3R 3
(1.5) 2
131. (d) Resistance of bulb R b 0.5 4V
V
V
4.5 potential different across capacitor =
3 3
E E 135. (a) Given : V = 7 V
Current drawn from battery r=5
2.67 0.33 3
P Q
2 E 2E
Share of bulb =
3 3 9

2
2E 5
0.5 4.5 or E = 13.5 V..
9
7V
132. (a) According to maximum power theorem, the power in 40 120
the circuit is maximum if the value of external resistance Req =
40 120
is equal to the internal resistance of battery.
133. (c) At steady state the capacitor will be fully charged and V 7
I= =
thus there will be no current in the 1 resistance. So the R 40 120
5
effective circuit becomes 40 120
2
7 1
I1
= = = 0.2 A.
5 30 5
A B
I2 3 S1S 2
P R
136. (b) where S
Q S S1 S 2
I
137. (b) The network of resistors is a balanced wheatstone
bridge. The equivalent current is
6V 2.8 30
Net current from the 6V battery,

6 6 3 15
I 1.5A
2 3 2.8 1.2 2.8 2
2 3 1

5V
 302 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
143. (a)
15 30 V 5
Req = 10 I 0.5 A
15 30 R 10 Pot.Difference VA VB
144. (a) Hint : Potential gradient =
length of wire
138. (d)
139. (b) At Null point 145. (a) Pot. gradient = 0.2mV/cm
3
0.2 10 2
= 2 = 2 10 V/m
X 10 10

Emf of cell = 2×10–2×1m = 2 10 2 V = 0.02 V

As per the condition of potentiometer
0.02 (R + 490) = 2 (R) or 1.98 R = 9.8
A B
52 cm 48 cm 9.8
R= = 4.9
1.98
X 10 146. (b) Potential gradient along wire
1 2 potential difference along wire
Here 1 = 52 + End correction = 52 + 1 = 53 cm length of wire

= 48 + End correction = 48 + 2 = 50 cm I 40
2
or, 0.1 10 3 V / cm
1000
X 10 53
53 50 X 10.6 1
5 or, Current in wire, I= A
400
P l l 20
140. (d) or P Q 1 0.25 .
Q 100 l 100 l 80 2 1
or, or R 800 40 760
40 R 400
7
VA VB i 0.1 10 147. (b) In case of internal resistance measurement by
141. (a) Potential gradient
A 10 6 potentiometer,
2 V1 1 {E R1 /(R1 r)} R 1 (R 2 r)
10 V/m
V2 2 {E R 2 /(R 2 r )} R 2 (R1 r)
V
142. (a) Potential gradient of wire I Here 1 2 m, 2 3 m, R1 5 and R 2 10
A
where & A are the length and cross-section of wire 2 5 (10 r )
or 20 + 4 r = 30 + 3 r or r = 10
7 3 10 (5 r )
so
V 4 10
6
0.5 25mV / meter
8 10
 21
ELECTROMAGNETIC
INDUCTION
FACT / DEFINITION TYPE QUESTIONS 8. The laws of electromagnetic induction have been used in
the construction of a
1. Whenever the magnetic flux linked with an electric circuit (a) galvanometer (b) voltmeter
changes, an emf is induced in the circuit. This is called (c) electric motor (d) generator
(a) electromagnetic induction 9. Two identical coaxial circular loops carry a current i each
(b) lenz’s law circulating in the same direction. If the loops approach each
(c) hysteresis loss other, you will observe that the current in
(d) kirchhoff’s laws (a) each increases
2. An induced e.m.f. is produced when a magnet is plunged (b) each decreases
into a coil. The strength of the induced e.m.f. is independent (c) each remains the same
of (d) one increases whereas that in the other decreases
(a) the strength of the magnet 10. Which of the following represents correct formula for
(b) number of turns of coil magnetic flux?
(c) the resistivity of the wire of the coil
(a) d ds. B (b) d v.B
(d) speed with which the magnet is moved
3. According to Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction
(c) d B . ds (d) d B . dl
(a) electric field is produced by time varying magnetic
flux. 11. Magnetic flux is
(b) magnetic field is produced by time varying electric (a) total charge per unit area.
flux. (b) total current through a surface.
(c) magnetic field is associated with a moving charge. (c) total number of magnetic field lines passing normally
(d) None of these through given area.
4. A moving conductor coil produces an induced e.m.f. This is (d) total e.m.f. in closed circuit.
in accordance with 12. In electromagnetic induction, the induced charge is
(a) Lenz’s law (b) Faraday’s law independent of
(c) Coulomb’s law (d) Ampere’s law (a) change of flux
5. A coil of insulated wire is connected to a battery. If it is (b) time.
taken to galvanometer, its pointer is deflected, because (c) resistance of the coil
(a) the induced current is produced (d) None of these
(b) the coil acts like a magnet 13. The induced e.m.f. in a rod of length l translating at a speed
(c) the number of turns in the coil of the galvanometer are v making an angle with length l and perpendicular to
changed magnetic field B is
(d) None of these (a) Bl v (b) Bl v cos
6. Lenz’s law is a consequence of the law of conservation of (c) Bl v sin (d) Bl v tan
(a) charge (b) mass 14. Len’z law provides a relation between
(c) energy (d) momentum (a) current and magnetic field.
7. A magnet is moved towards a coil (i) quickly (ii) slowly, then (b) induced e.m.f. and the magnetic flux.
the induced e.m.f. is (c) force on a conductor in magnetic field.
(a) larger in case (i) (d) current and induced e.m.f.
(b) smaller in case (i) 15. A conducting loop is placed in a uniform magnetic field
(c) equal to both the cases with its plane perpendicular to the field. An e.m.f. is induced
(d) larger or smaller depending upon the radius of the coil in the loop, if
 338 ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
(a) it is translated. 24. If N is the number of turns in a coil, the value of self
(b) it is rotated about its axis. inductance varies as
(c) both (a) and (b). (a) N0 (b) N
(d) it is rotated about its diameter. (c) N2 (d) N–2
16. The expression for the induced e.m.f. contains a negative 25. Two coils of inductances L1 and L2 are linked such that
d their mutual inducatance is M. Then
sign e . What is the significance of the negative
(a) M = L1 + L2
dt
sign?
1
(a) The induced e.m.f. is produced only when the magnetic (b) M (L1 L 2 )
flux decreases. 2
(b) The induced e.m.f. opposes the change in the magnetic (c) the maximum value of M is (L1 + L2)
flux. (d) the minimum value of M is L1 L 2
(c) The induced e.m.f. is opposite to the direction of the
flux. 26. The S unit of inductance, the henry can be written as
(d) None of the above. (a) weber/ampere (b) volt second/ampere
17. A coil of insulated wire is connected to a battery. If it is (c) joule/ampere2 (d) all of the above
connected to galvanometer, its pointer is deflected, because 27. The mutual inductance between two coils depends on
(a) induced current is set up (a) medium between the coils
(b) no induced current is set up (b) separation between the two coils
(c) the coil behaves as a magnet (c) orientation of the two coils
(d) the number of turns is changed (d) All of the above
18. A cylindrical bar magnet is kept along the axis of a circular ML2
coil. On rotating the magnet about its axis, the coil will have 28. Which of the following units denotes the dimension ,
induced in it Q2
(a) a current (b) no current where Q denotes the electric charge?
(c) only an e.m.f. (d) both an e.m.f. and a current (a) Wb/m2 (b) henry (H)
19. Direction of current induced in a wire moving in a (c) H/m2 (d) weber (Wb)
magnetic field is found using 29. The emf is induced in a single, isolated coil due to ...A...
(a) Fleming’s left found rule of flux through the coil by means of varying the current
(b) Fleming’s right hand rule through the same coil. This phenomenon is called ...B...
(c) Ampere’s rule Here, A and B refer to
(d) Right hand clasp rule (a) constancy, mutual induction
20. A circular coil expands radially in a region of magnetic (b) change, self induction
field and no electromotive force is produced in the coil (c) constancy, self induction
This is because (d) changes, mutual induction
(a) the magnetic field is constant 30. Two coils, A and B, are lined such that emf is induced in B
(b) the magnetic field is in the same plane as the circular when the current in A is changing at the rate . If current i is
coil and it may or may not vary.
now made to flow in B, the flux linked with A will be
(c) the magnetic field has a perpendicular (to the plane
(a) ( I)i (b) iI
of the coil) component whose magnitude is
decreasing suitably. (c) ( I)i (d) i I/
(d) both (b) and (c). 31. The polarity of induced emf is given by
21. Whenever, current is changed in a coil, an induced e.m.f. is (a) Ampere's circuital law (b) Biot-Savart law
produced in the same coil. This property of the coil is due to (c) Lenz’s law (d) Fleming's right hand rule
(a) mutual induction (b) self induction 32. The self inductance of a coil is a measure of
(c) eddy currents (d) hysteresis (a) electrical inertia (b) electrical friction
22. When current i passes through an inductor of self (c) induced e.m.f. (d) induced current
inductance L, energy stored in it is 1/2. L i2. This is stored in 33. The coils in resistance boxes are made from doubled
the insulated wire to nullify the effect of
(a) current (b) voltage (a) heating (b) magnetism
(c) magnetic field (d) electric field (c) pressure (d) self induced e.m.f.
23. An inductor may store energy in 34. Two pure inductors each of self inductance L are connected
(a) its electric field in series, the net inductance is
(b) its coils (a) L (b) 2 L
(c) its magnetic field (c) L/2 (d) L/4
(d) both in electric and magnetic fields
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION 339
35. The self inductance associated with a coil is independent 47. Which of the following is not the application of eddy
of currents?
(a) current (b) induced voltage (a) Induction furnace (b) Dead beat galvanometer
(c) time (d) resistance of a coil (c) speedometer (d) X-ray crystallography
36. Induction coil is an instrument based on the principle of 48. Eddy currents do not cause
(a) electromagnetic induction (a) damping (b) heating
(b) mutual induction (c) sparking (d) loss of energy
(c) self induction 49. For magnetic breaking in trains, strong electromagnets
(d) induction furnace. are situated above the rails in some electrically powered
37. If the magnetic flux linked with a coil through which a trains. When the electromagnets are activated, the ...A...
current of x A is set up is y Wb, then the coefficient of self induced in the rails oppose the motion of the train. As
inductance of the coil is there are no ... B... linkages, the ...C... effects is smooth.
x Here, A, B and C refer to
(a) (x – y) henry (b) henry
y (a) eddy currents, mechanical, breaking
y
(c) henry (d) x y henry (b) induced currents, thermal, accelerating
x (c) induced emf, mechanical, accelerating
38. Production of induced e.m.f. in a coil due to the changes of
(d) eddy currents, thermal, flying
current in the same coil is
50. The pointer of a dead-beat galvanometer gives a steady
(a) self induction (b) mutual induction
deflection because
(c) dynamo (d) none of these
(a) eddy currents are produced in the conducting frame
39. Henry is the S.I. unit of
over which the coil is wound.
(a) resistance (b) capacity
(b) its magnet is very strong.
(c) inductance (d) current
(c) its pointer is very light.
40. Mutual induction is the production of induced e.m.f. in a
(d) its frame is made of ebonite.
coil due to the changes of current in the
51. Eddy currents do not produce
(a) same coil (b) neighbouring coil
(a) heat (b) a loss of energy
(c) both (a) and (b) (d) neither (a) nor (b)
(c) spark (d) damping of motion
41. The self inductance associated with a coil is independent
of 52. If in a galvanometer the coil is wound on a bad conductor,
the eddy current will be
(a) current (b) time
(c) induced voltage (d) resistance of coil (a) zero (b) maximum
42. Eddy currents are produced when (c) minimum (d) 50% of the actual value
(a) A metal is kept in varying magnetic field 53. Certain galvanometers have a fixed core made of non-
magnetic metallic material, when the coil oscillates, ...A...
(b) A metal is kept in the steady magnetic field
generated in the core ...B... the motion and bring the coil
(c) A circular coil is placed in a magnetic field
to rest ...C...
(d) Through a circular coil, current is passed
Here, A, B and C refer to
43. Which of the following does not use the application of
(a) induced emf, support, long time
eddy current ?
(b) induced current, support, long time
(a) Electric power meters (b) Induction furnace
(c) mechanical energy, oppose, long time
(c) LED lights (d) Magnetic brakes in trains
(d) eddy currents, oppose, quickly
44. Induction furnace make use of
(a) self induction (b) mutual induction 54. When the plane of the armature of an a.c. generator is
parallel to the field. in which it is rotating
(c) eddy current (d) None of these
(a) both the flux linked and induced emf in the coil are
45. When strength of eddy currents is reduced, as dissipation
zero.
of electrical energy into heat depends on the ...A... of the
strength of electrical energy into heat depends on the (b) the flux linked with it is zero, while induced emf is
...A... of the strength of electric current heat loss is maximum.
substantially ...B ... . (c) flux linked is maximum while induced emf is zero.
Here, A and B refer to (d) both the flux and emf have their respective maximum
(a) cube, increase (b) inverse, increased values.
(c) inverse, decreased (d) square, reduced 55. A dynamo converts
46. The plane in which eddy currents are produced in a (a) mechanical energy into thermal energy
conductor is inclined to the plane of the magnetic field at (b) electrical energy into thermal energy
an angle equal to (c) thermal energy into electrical energy
(a) 45° (b) 0° (d) mechanical energy into electrical energy
(c) 180° (d) 90° (e) electrical energy into mechanical energy
 340 ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
56. Choke coil works on the principle of I. number of turns in the coil is reduced
(a) transient current (b) self induction II. a capacitance of reactance XC = XL is included in
(c) mutual induction (d) wattless current the same circuit
57. If a coil made of conducting wires is rotated between poles III. an iron rod is inserted in the coil
pieces of the permanent magnet. The motion will generate a Which of the above statements is/are correct?
current and this device is called (a) I only (b) II and III
(a) An electric motor (b) An electric generator (c) III only (d) I and II
(c) An electromagnet (d) All of the above
MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS
STATEMENT TYPE QUESTIONS
63. Match the column-I and column-II
58. A current carrying infinitely long wire is kept along the Column I Column II
diameter of a circular wire loop, without touching it, the (A) AC generator (1) Eddy current
correct statement(s) is(are) (B) DC motor (2) Slip rings
I. The emf induced in the loop is zero if the current is (C) Dead beat galvanometer (3) Split ring
constant. (D) Solenoid (4) Insulated copper wire
II. The emf induced in the loop is finite if the current is wound in the form of a
constant. cylindrical coil
III. The emf induced in the loop is zero if the current (a) A 2 ; B 3 ; C 2 ; D 1
decreases at a steady rate. (b) A 4 ; B 2 ; C 1 ; D 3
(a) I only (b) II only (c) A 2 ; B 3 ; C 1 ; D 4
(c) I and II (d) I, II and III (d) A 2 ; B 1 ; C 3 ; D 4
59. Whenever the magnetic flux linked with a coil changes, an 64. Match the column-I and column-II
induced e.m.f.is produced in the circuit. The e.m.f. lasts Column I Column II
I. for a short time (A) Ring uniformly (1) Constant electrostatic
II. for a long time charged field out of system
III. so long as the change in flux takes place (B) Rotating ring (2) Magnetic field strength
The correct statement(s) is/are uniformly charged rotating with angular
(a) I and II (b) II and III velocity
(c) I and III (d) III only (C) Constant current (3) Electric field (induced)
60. Consider coil and magnet in ring i
(D) i = i0cos t (4) Magnetic dipole moment
Y (a) A 2 ; B 2, 3 ; C 1, 4, 3 ; D 3
(b) A 3, 4 ; B 1 ; C 2, 3 ; D 2
(c) A 1 ; B 1, 2, 4 ; C 2, 4 ; D 3
N S X (d) A 2 ; B 4, 2, 1 ; C 2, 1 ; D 4, 2
Current is induced in coil when
I. coil and magnet both are at rest. DIAGRAM TYPE QUESTIONS
II. coil is at rest and magnet moves along x. 65. In a coil of resistance 10 , the i(amp)
III. magnet is at rest and coil moves along x. induced current developed by
IV. both coil and magnet move along y with same changing magnetic flux through 4
speed. it, is shown in figure as a
The correct statements are function of time. The
(a) I and IV (b) I and II magnitude of change in flux
t(s)
(c) III and IV (d) II and III through the coil in weber is 0 0.1
61. Two coils are placed close to each other. The mutual (a) 8 (b) 2
inductance of the pair of coils depends upon (c) 6 (d) 4
I. relative position and orientation of the two coils 66. Fig shown below represents an area A = 0.5 m2 situated in a
II. the materials of the wires of the coils uniform magnetic field B = 2.0 weber/m2 and making an
III. the rates at which currents are changing in the two coils angle of 60º with respect to magnetic field.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) I only (b) II only
B
(c) I and III (d) II and III
62. A coil of self-inductance L is connected in series with a 60

bulb B and an AC source. Brightness of the bulb decreases

when
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION 341
The value of the magnetic flux through the area would be induced in the loop at t = 2 s and the direction of induce
equal to current through R are
(a) 39 mV; right to left
(a) 2.0 weber (b) 3 weber (b) 39 mV; left to right
(c) (c) 31 mV; right to left
3 / 2 weber (d) 0.5 weber
(d) 31 mV; left to right
67. In the given situation, the bar magnet experinces a ...A... R
71. Consider the situation shown. The wire AB is sliding on
force due to the ... B ... in coil.
fixed rails with a constant velocity. If the wire AB is replaced
by semi-circular wire, the magnitude of induced e.m.f. will
A

v R

N
B
(a) increase
Here, A and B refer to
(b) decrease
(a) an attractive, air
(c) remain the same
(b) an attractive, induced current
(d) increase or decrease depending on whether the semi-
(c) repulsive, induced current circle buldges towards the resistance or away from it.
(d) attractive, vacuum 72. The figure shows a wire sliding on two parallel conducting
68. An electron moves along the line AB, which lies in the same rails placed at a separation I. A magnetic field B exists in
plane as a circular loop of conducting wires as shown in the a direction perpendicular to the plane of the rails. The
diagram. What will be the direction of current induced if force required to keep the wire moving at a constant
any, in the loop velocity v will be
(a) evB × × × × ×
× × × × ×
0 Bv
(b) × × ×I × ×
4 I V
× × × × ×
(c) BIv
(a) no current will be induced (d) zero × × × × ×
(b) the current will be clockwise 73. An electron moves on a straight line path XY as shown.
(c) the current will be anticlockwise The abcd is a coil adjacent to the path of electron.
(d) the current will change direction as the electron What will be the direction of current if any, induced in the coil?
passes by a
69. As shown in the figure, P and Q are two coaxial conducting
loops separated by some distance. When the switch S is
closed, a clockwise current IP flows in P (as seen by E) and b d

an induced current I Q1 flows in Q. The switch remains closed

for a long time. When S is opened, a current IQ2 flows in Q. c

Then the directions of I Q1 and IQ2 (as seen by E) are X electron Y

(a) adcb
(b) The current will reverse its direction as the electron
goes past the coil
(c) No current induced
(d) abcd
74. A thin semicircular conducting ring (PQR) of radius ‘r’ is
(a) respectively clockwise and anticlockwise falling with its plane vertical in a horizontal magnetic field
(b) both clockwise B, as shown in figure. The potential difference developed
(c) both anticlockwise across the ring when its speed is v, is :
(d) respectively anticlockwise and clockwise
70. In the figure the flux through the loop perpendicular to the Q B
plane of the coil and directed into the paper is varying
r
according to the relation 6t 2 7 t 1 where is in
P R
milliweber and t is in second. The magnitude of the emf
 342 ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
(a) Zero 79. Assertion : Induced emf will always occur whenever there
(b) Bv r2 /2 and P is at higher potnetial is change in magnetic flux.
(c) rBv and R is at higher potnetial Reason : Current always induces whenever there is change
(d) 2rBv and R is at higher potential in magnetic flux.
75. A conducting square frame of side ‘a’ and a long staight 80. Assertion : Far aday s laws are consequen ce of
wire carrying current I are located in the same plane as conservation of energy.
shown in the figure. The frame moves to the right with a Reason : In a purely resistive ac circuit, the current legs
constant velocity ‘V’. The emf induced in the frame will be behind the emf in phase.
proportional to 81. Assertion : Only a change in magnetic flux will maintain an
X
1 induced current in the coil.
(a)
(2x – a)2 Reason : The presence of large magnetic flux through a coil
1 maintain a current in the coil of the circuit is continuous.
l
(b) 2 82. Assertion : Lenz's law violates the principle of conservation
(2x a) V of energy.
1 Reason : Induced emf always opposes the change in
(c) (2x – a)(2x + a)
magnetic flux responsible for its production.
1 a 83. Assertion : An induced current has a direction such that
(d) 2 the magnetic field due to the current opposes the change in
x
76. A conducting rod AB moves parallel to X-axis in a uniform the magnetic flux that induces the current.
magnetic field, pointing in the positive X-direction. The Reason : Above statement is in accordance with
end A of the rod gets conservation of energy.
Y 84. Assertion : Acceleration of a magnet falling through a long
solenoid decreases.
B Reason : The induced current produced in a circuit always
flow in such direction that it opposes the change to the
cause that produced it.
V 85. Assertion : Figure shows a horizontal solenoid connected
to a battery and a switch. A copper ring is placed on a
A smooth surface, the axis of the ring being horizontal. As the
O X switch is closed, the ring will move away from the solenoid.
(a) positively charged
(b) negatively charged
(c) neutral
(d) first positively charged and then negatively charged
77. Two different wire loops are concentric and lie in the same d
plane. The current in the outer loop (I) is clockwise and Reason : Induced emf in the ring, e .
dt
increases with time. The induced current in the inner loop 86. Assertion : An emf can be induced by moving a conductor
(a) is clockwise in a magnetic field.
(b) is zero Reason : An emf can be induced by changing the magnetic
(c) is counter clockwise I field.
(d) has a direction that depends on the 87. Assertion : Figure shows a metallic conductor moving in
ratio of the loop radii. magnetic field. The induced emf across its ends is zero.
78. The inductance between A and D is
(a) 3.66 H
(b) 9 H
(c) 0.66 H A 3H 3H 3H D Reason : The induced emf across the ends of a conductor
(d) 1 H is given by e = Bv sin .
88. Assertion : Eddy currents are produced in any metallic
ASSERTION- REASON TYPE QUESTIONS conductor when magnetic flux is changed around it.
Directions : Each of these questions contain two statements, Reason : Electric potential determines the flow of charge.
Assertion and Reason. Each of these questions also has four 89. Assertion : An induced emf appears in any coil in which
alternative choices, only one of which is the correct answer. You the current is changing.
have to select one of the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) given below.
(a) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is a correct Reason : Self induction phenomenon obeys Faraday's law
explanation for assertion. of induction.
(b) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is not a 90. Assertion : When number of turns in a coil is doubled,
correct explanation for assertion coefficient of self-inductance of the coil becomes 4 times.
(c) Assertion is correct, reason is incorrect Reason : This is because L N2.
(d) Assertion is incorrect, reason is correct.
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION 343
91. Assertion : Figure shows an emf e induced in a coil. It 98. If a current increases from zero to one ampere in 0.1 second
happens due to rightward decreasing current. in a coil of 5 mH, then the magnitude of the induced e.m.f.
will be
(a) 0.005 volt (b) 0.5 volt
di (c) 0.05 volt (d) 5 volt
Reason : In the coil self induced emf e L . 99. A coil has 200 turns and area of 70 cm2. The magnetic field
dt
92. Assertion : In the phenomenon of mutual induction, self perpendicular to the plane of the coil is 0.3 Wb/m2 and take 0.1
induction of each of the coil persists. sec to rotate through 180º.The value of the induced e.m.f. will
be
Reason : Self induction arises due to change in current in
the coil itself. In mutual induction current changes in both (a) 8.4 V (b) 84 V
the individual coil. (c) 42 V (d) 4.2 V
100. A coil of resistance 400 is placed in a magnetic field. If
CRITICALTHINKING TYPE QUESTIONS the magnetic flux (wb) linked with the coil varies with time
t (sec) as = 50t2 + 4. The current in the coil at t = 2 sec is
93. A coil having an area A0 is placed in a magnetic field which (a) 0.5 A (b) 0.1 A
changes from B0 to 4 B0 in time interval t. The e.m.f. induced (c) 2 A (d) 1 A
in the coil will be 101. A coil having n turns and resistance R is connected with
(a) 3 A 0 B0 / t (b) 4 A 0 B0 / t a galvanometer of resistance 4R . This combination is
moved in time t seconds from a magnetic field W1 weber to
(c) 3 B0 / A 0 t (d) 4A 0 / B0 t W2 weber. The induced current in the circuit is
94. An infinitely long cylinder is kept parallel to an uniform ( W1 W2 ) n ( W2 W1 )
magnetic field B directed along positive z axis. The direction (a) (b) 5 Rt
Rnt
of induced current as seen from the z axis will be
( W2 W1 ) n ( W2 W1 )
(a) zero (c) (d)
(b) anticlockwise of the +ve z axis 5 Rnt Rt
(c) clockwise of the +ve z axis 102. Magnetic flux in weber in a closed circuit of resistance
(d) along the magnetic field 10 varies with time (sec) as f = 6t2 – 5t + 1. The magnitude
95. A conducting wire frame is placed in a magnetic field which of induced current at t = 0.25s is
is directed into the paper. The magnetic field is increasing (a) 0.2 A (b) 0.6 A
at a constant rate. The directions of induced current in wires (c) 1.2 A (d) 0.8 A
AB and CD are 103. The flux linked with a coil at any instant 't' is given by
= 10t2 – 50t + 250. The induced emf at t = 3s is
(a) –190 V (b) –10 V
(c) 10 V (d) 190 V
104. A copper rod of length I rotates about its end with
angular velocity in uniform magnetic field B. The emf
developed between the ends of the rod if the field is
(a) B to A and D to C (b) A to B and C to D normal to the plane of rotation is
(c) A to B and D to C (d) B to A and C to D 1
96. The magnetic flux through a circuit of resistance R changes (a) B I2 (b) B I2
2
by an amount in a time t. Then the total quantity of 1
electric charge Q that passes any point in the circuit during (c) 2 B I2 (d) B I2
the time t is represented by 4
105. A metallic rod of length ‘ ’ is tied to a string of length 2 and
1 made to rotate with angular speed on a horizontal table
(a) Q R . (b) Q .
t R t with one end of the string fixed. If there is a vertical magnetic
field ‘B’ in the region, the e.m.f. induced across the ends of
(c) Q (d) Q the rod is
R t
97. The north pole of a bar magnet is moved towards a coil 2B 2

along the axis passing through the centre of the coil and (a)
2
perpendicular to the plane of the coil. The direction of the 2
3B
induced current in the coil when viewed in the direction (b)
of the motion of the magnet is 2
2
(a) clockwise 4B
(c)
(b) anti-clockwise 2
2
(c) no current in the coil 5B
(d)
(d) either clockwise or anti-clockwise 2
 344 ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
106. In a uniform magnetic field of induction B, a wire in the form 113. Two pure inductors, each of self inductance L are connected
of a semicircle of radius r rotates about the diameter of the in parallel but are well separated from each other, then the
circle with an angular frequency . The axis of rotation is total inductance is
perpendicular to the field. If the total resistance of the circuit (a) L (b) 2 L
is R, the mean power generated per period of rotation is (c) L/2 (d) L/4
114. Two coils of self inductances L1 and L2 are placed so close
(B r ) (B r 2 ) together that effective flux in one coil is completely linked
(a) (b)
2R 2R with the other. If M is the mutual inductance between them,
then
B r2 (B r 2 ) 2 (a) M = L1L2 (b) M = L1/L2
(c) (d)
2R 8R
(c) M = (L1L2)2 (d) M = (L1 L 2 )
107. A metallic square loop ABCD is moving in its own plane
with velocity v in a unifrom magnetic field perpendicular 115. The mutual inductance of a pair of coils, each of N turns, is
to its plane as shown in figure. An electric field is induced M henry. If a current of I ampere in one of the coils is
brought to zero in t second, the emf induced per turn in the
A B other coil, in volt, will be
MI NMI
v (a) (b)
t t
D C MN MI
(c) (d)
(a) in AD, but not in BC It Nt
(b) in BC, but not in AD 116. In an inductor of self-inductance L = 2 mH, current changes
(c) neither in AD nor in BC with time according to relation i = t2e–t. At what time emf is
zero?
(d) in both AD and BC
108. A conductor of length 0.4 m is moving with a speed of (a) 4s (b) 3s
7 m/s perpendicular to a magnetic field of intensity (c) 2s (d) 1s
0.9 Wb/m2. The induced e.m.f. across the conductor is 117. When the current in a coil changes from 2 amp. to 4 amp. in
(a) 1.26 V (b) 2.52V 0.05 sec., an e.m.f. of 8 volt is induced in the coil. The
(c) 5.04 V (d) 25.2 V coefficient of self inductance of the coil is
109. A circular coil and a bar magnet placed nearby are made to (a) 0.1 henry (b) 0.2 henry
move in the same direction. If the coil covers a distance of (c) 0.4 henry (d) 0.8 henry
1 m in 0.5. sec and the magnet a distance of 2 m in 1 sec, the 118. The north pole of a long horizontal bar magnet is being
induced e.m.f. produced in the coil is brought closer to a vertical conducting plane along the
(a) zero (b) 0.5 V perpendicular direction. The direction of the induced current
(c) 1 V (d) 2 V. in the conducting plane will be
110. A circular coil of radius 6 cm and 20 turns rotates about (a) horizontal (b) vertical
its vertical diameter with an angular speed of 40 rad s–1 (c) clockwise (d) anticlockwise
in a uniform horizontal magnetic field of magnitude 2 × 119. Two coils of self inductances 2 mH and 8 mH are placed so
10–2 T. If the coil form a closed loop of resistance 8 , close together that the effective flux in one coil is completely
then the average power loss due to joule heating is linked with the other. The mutual inductance between these
(a) 2.07 × 10–3 W (b) 1.23 × 10–3 W coils is
(c) 3.14 × 10 W –3 (d) 1.80 × 10–3 W (a) 6 mH (b) 4 mH
111. A boy peddles a stationary bicycle the pedals of bicycle. (c) 16 mH (d) 10 mH
are attached to a 200 turn coil of area 0.10 m2, The coil 120. The mutual inductance of a pair of coils is 0.75 H. If current
ratotes at half a revolution per second and it is placed in in the primary coil changes from 0.5 A to zero in 0.01 s, find
a uniform magnetic field of 0.02 T perpendicular to the average induced e.m.f. in secondary coil.
axis of rotation of the coil. The maximum voltage (a) 25.5 V (b) 12.5 V
generated in the coil is (c) 22.5 V (d) 37.5 V
(a) 1.26 V (b) 2.16 V 121. A coil of 50 turns is pulled in 0.02 s between the poles of a
(c) 3.24 V (d) 4.12 V magnet, where its area includes 31 × 10–6 Wb to 1 × 10–
6Wb. The average e.m.f. is
112. A conducting circular loop is placed in a uniform magnetic
field, B = 0.025 T with its plane perpendicular to the loop. (a) 7.5 × 10–2 V (b) 7.5 × 10–3 V
The radius of the loop is made to shrink at a constant rate of (c) zero (d) 7.5 × 10–4V
1 mm s–1. The induced e.m.f. when the radius is 2 cm, iss 122. A wire of length 50 cm moves with a velocity of 300 m/min,
perpendicular to a magnetic field. If the e.m.f. induced in
(a) 2 V (b) V the wire is 2 V, the magnitude of the field in tesla is
(a) 2 (b) 5
(c) V (d) 2 V
2 (c) 0.8 (d) 2.5
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION 345
123. A circular wire of radius r rotates about its own axis with system is proportional is
angular speed in a magnetic field B perpendicular to its 2
plane, then the induced e.m.f. is (a) (b)
L L
1
(a) Br 2 (b) Br 2 L L2
2 (c) (d)
(c) 2Br 2 (d) zero
124. The coefficient of self inductance of a solenoid is 0.18 mH. 133. A solenoid has 2000 turns wound over a length of
If a core of soft iron of relative permeability 900 is inserted, 0.3 m. Its cross-sectional area is 1.2 × 10–3 m2. Around its
then the coefficient of self inductance will become nearly. central section a coil of 300 turns is wound. If an initial
(a) 5.4 mH (b) 162 mH current of 2 A flowing in the solenoid is reversed in 0.25 s,
(c) 0.006 mH (d) 0.0002 mH the emf induced in the coil will be
125. The inductance of a closed-packed coil of 400 turns is 8 (a) 2.4 × 10–4 V (b) 2.4 × 10–2 V
(c) 4.8 × 10 V–4 (d) 4.8 × 10–2 V
mH. A current of 5 mA is passed through it. The magnetic
flux through each turn of the coil is 134. Two coaxial solenoids are made by winding thin insulated
1 1 wire over a pipe of cross-sectional area A = 10 cm 2 and
(a) 0 Wb (b) 0 Wb length = 20 cm. If one of the solenoid has 300 turns and the
4 2
1 other 400 turns, their mutual inductance is
(c) 0 Wb (d) 0.4 µ0Wb ( 0 = 4 × 10 –7 Tm A–1)
3
126. A 100 millihenry coil carries a current of 1 ampere. Energy (a) 2.4 × 10–5 H (b) 4.8 × 10–4 H
stored in its magnetic field is (c) 4.8 × 10–5 H (d) 2.4 × 10–4 H
(a) 0.5 J (b) 1 J 135. In an AC generator, a coil with N turns, all of the same area
(c) 0.05 J (d) 0.1 J A and total resistance R, rotates with frequency in a
127. Two solenoids of same cross-sectional area have their magnetic field B. The maximum value of emf generated in
lengths and number of turns in ratio of 1 : 2. The ratio of the coil is
self-inductance of two solenoids is (a) N.A.B.R. (b) N.A.B.
(a) 1 : 1 (b) 1 : 2 (c) N.A.B.R. (d) N.A.B.
(c) 2 : 1 (d) 1 : 4 136. A copper disc of radius 0.1 m rotated about its centre with
128. The self inductance of the motor of an electric fan is 10 H. In 10 revolutions per second in a uniform magnetic field of 0.1
order to impart maximum power at 50 Hz, it should be tesla with its plane perpendicular to the field. The e.m.f.
connected to a capacitance of induced across the radius of disc is
(a) 8 F (b) 4 F
2
(c) 2 F (d) 1 F (a) volt (b) volt
10 10
129. A long solenoid having 200 turns per cm carries a current of
(c) 2 (d) 2
1.5 amp. At the centre of it is placed a coil of 100 turns of 10 volt 2 10 volt
cross-sectional area 3.14 × 10–4 m2 having its axis parallel to 137. A generator has an e.m.f. of 440 Volt and internal resistance
the field produced by the solenoid. When the direction of of 4000 hm. Its terminals are connected to a load of 4000
current in the solenoid is reversed within 0.05 sec, the induced ohm. The voltage across the load is
e.m.f. in the coil is (a) 220 volt (b) 440 volt
(a) 0.48 V (b) 0.048 V
(c) 200 volt (d) 400 volt
(c) 0.0048 V (d) 48 V
138. An AC generator of 220 V having internal resistance
130. Two coils have a mutual inductance 0.005H. The current
changes in first coil according to equation I = I0 sin t r = 10 and external resistance R = 100 . What is the power
where I0 = 10A and = 100 radian/sec. The max. value of developed in the external circuit?
e.m.f. in second coil is (a) 484 W (b) 400 W
(a) 2 (b) 5 (c) 441 W (d) 369 W
(c) (d) 4 139. A conducting ring of radius l m kept in a uniform magnetic
131. A coil is wound on a frame of rectangular cross-section. If field B of 0.01 T, rotates uniformly with an angular velocity
all the linear dimensions of the frame are increased by a 100 rad s–1 with its axis of rotation perpendicular to B. The
factor 2 and the number of turns per unit length of the coil maximum induced emf in it is
remains the same, self-inductance of the coil increases by (a) 1.5 V (b) V
a factor of (c) 2 V (d) 0.5 V
(a) 4 (b) 8 140. A six pole generator with fixed field excitation develops an
(c) 12 (d) 16 e.m.f. of 100 V when operating at 1500 r.p.m. At what speed
132. A small square loop of wire of side is placed inside a must it rotate to develop 120V?
large square loop of side L (L >> ). The loop are coplanar (a) 1200 r.p.m (b) 1800 r.p.m
and their centres coincide. The mutual inductance of the (c) 1500 r.p.m (d) 400 r.p.m
 346 ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

FACT / DEFINITION TYPE QUESTIONS y

37. (c) = LI L henry
I x
1. (a) 2. (c)
3. (a) Farady’s law states that time varying magnetic flux 38. (a) 39. (c) 40. (b) 41. (d)
can induce an e.m.f. 42. (a) 43. (c) 44. (c)
4. (b) 5. (a) 6. (c) 7. (a) 45. (d) P = I2R when I becomes half, then P becomes one-
8. (d) 9. (b) 10. (c) 11. (c) 12. (b) 13. (c) fourth, heat per unit time depends on square of I.
14. (b) 15. (d) 16. (b) 17. (a) 18. (b) When I is reduced P is substancially reduced.
19. (b) : Direction of current induced in a wire moving in a 46. (d) 47. (d) 48. (c)
magnetic field is found by using Fleming’s right 49. (a) Magnetic braking in trans, Strong electromagnets
hand rule. are situated above the rails in some electrically
20. (d) When a circular coil expands radially in a region of powered trains. When the electromagnets are
magnetic field, induced emf developed is activated, the eddy currents induced in the rails
= BIv = B × rate of change of area oppose the motion of the train. As there are no
Here, magnetic field B is in a plane perpendicular to mechanical linkages, the braking effect is smooth.
the plane of the circular coil. 50. (a) 51. (c) 52. (a)
As = 0, magnetic field must be in the plane of 53. (d) Electromagnetic damping certain galvanometers have
circular coil so that its component perpendicular to a fixed core made of non-magnetic metallic material.
the plane of the coil, whose magnitude is decreasing When the coil oscillates, the eddy currents generated
suitably so that magnitic flux linked with the coil in the core oppose the motion and bring the coil to
d rest quickly.
stays constant then = =0
dt 54. (b) As = NAB cos 90° = 0
So both option (b) and (c) are correct. = sin 90° = = maximum
21. (b) 22. (c) 23. (c) 24. (c) 25. (d) 26. (d) is the angle between the field and normal to the
27. (d) Mutual inductance between two coils depends on all plane of the coil.
the three factors given here. 55. (d) A dynamo is a device which converts mechanical
BA energy into electrical energy
28. (b) Mutual inductance = 56. (b) 57. (b)
I I
[MT 1Q 1L2 ] STATEMENT TYPE QUESTIONS
[Henry] ML2 Q 2
[QT 1 ]
58. (a) Emf will be induced in the circular wire loop when flux
29. (b) Inductance it is also possible the emf is induced in
through it changes with time.
a single isolated coil due to change of flux through
the coil by means of varying the current through the e
same coil. This phenomenon is called self-induction. t
In this case, flux linkage through a coil of N turns when the current is constant, the flux changing
is proportional to the currente through the coil and through it will be zero.
is expressed as N B I N B LI ...(i) I
where, constant of proportionality L is called self-
inductance of the coil. It is also called the coefficient
of self-induction of the coil. When the current is B
varied, the flux linked with the coil also changes and
an emf is induced in the coil. Using Eq. (i) the B
induced emf is given by
Circular
d (N B ) dI loop
–L
dt dt
When the current is decreasing at a steady rate then
Thus, the self-induced emf always opposes any
the change in the flux (decreasing inwards) on
change (increase or decrease) of current in the coil.
the right half of the wire is equal to the change in flux
30. (a)
(decreasing outwards) on the left half of the wire such
31. (c) Lenz's law gives the polarity of induced emf.
that through the circular loop is zero.
32. (a) 33. (d) 34. (b) 35. (d) 36. (b)
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION 347
59. (d)
60. (d) Relative motion between the magnet and the coil
that is responsible for induction in the coil.
61. (a) e– e–
62. (c) By inserting iron rod in the coil,
74. (d) Rate of decreasing of area of semicircular ring =
L z I so brightness
dA
(2r)V
MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS dt
From Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction
63. (c) (A) (2); (B) (3); (C) (1); (D) (4)
d dA
64. (c) A - 1 ; A charged ring can produced electric field out e= B B(2rV)
of the centre. dt dt
B - 1, 2, 4 ; A charged rotating ring can produce electric
field out of centre, magnetic and dipole moment.
C- 2, 4 ; Current carrying produces magnetic field at
the centre.
D- 3 ; Alternating current can produce induced electric As induced current in ring produces magnetic field in
field . upward direction hence R is at higher potential.
75. (c) Emf induced in side 1 of frame e1 = B1V
DIAGRAM TYPE QUESTIONS
oI
B1
65. (b) The charge through the coil = area of current-time 2 (x – a/ 2)
(i – t) graph Emf induced in side 2 of frame e2 = B2 V
1 oI
q 0.1 4 = 0.2 C B2
2 2 (x a/ 2)
q Change in flux ( )=q×R x
R
I
1 2
q 0.2
10 a v
= 2 weber x–
2
66. (d) BA cos 2.0 0.5 cos 60º a
a
2.0 0.5 x
0.5 weber. 2
2
67. (c) In this situation, the bar magent experiences a Emf induced in square frame
repulsive force due to the induced current. Therefore, e = B1V – B2V
a person has to do work in moving the magnet. 0I 0I
= v– v
68. (d) When electron approaches nearby the loop flux inside 2 (x – a / 2) 2 (x a/ 2)
loop will increase and when electron recedes from the 1
loop the flux inside loop decreases and so current or, e
(2x – a)(2 x a)
change in direction. 76. (a) According to right hand palm rule, the Lorentz force
69. (d) on free electrons in the conductor will be directed
d towards end B. Hence, the end A gets positively
70. (d) 6t 2 7t 1 12t 7
dt charged.
At time, t = 2 sec. 77. (c) As I increases, increases
d Ii is such that it opposes the increases in .
24 7 31 volt Hence, decreases (By Right Hand Rule). The induced
dt
Direction of current is from left to right according to current will be counterclockwise.
Flemmings right hand rule. 78. (d) The given circuit clearly shows that the inductors are
71. (c) E.m.f. will remain same because change in area per unit 1 1 1 1
in parallel we have, or L= 1H
time will be same in both cases. L 3 3 3
72. (d) No change in flux, hence no force required
ASSERTION- REASON TYPE QUESTIONS
73. (b) Current will be induced,
when e– comes closer the induced current will be 79. (c) Emf will always induces whenever, there is change in
anticlockwise magnetic flux. The current will induced only in closed
when e– comes farther induced current will be clockwise loop.
 348 ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
80. (c) In purely resistive circuit, the current and emf are in 100. (a) According, to Faraday’s law of induction
the same phase. d
81. (c) Induced e.m.f. (100t )
dt
82. (a) Lenz's law (that the direction of induced emf is always Induced current i at t = 2 sec.
such as to oppose the change that cause it) is direct
100 2
consequence of the law of conservation of energy. = 0.5Amp
83. (b) 84. (a) R 400
85. (a) When switch is closed , the magnetic flux through the d (W2 W1 )
101. (b) R tot (R 4R) 5R
ring will increase and so ring will move away form the dt t
solenoil so as to compensate this flux. This is according nd n(W2 W1 )
to Lenz's law. i .
R tot dt 5Rt
86. (b) In both the cases, the magnetic flux will change, and
( W2 & W1 are magnetic flux)
so there is an induced current.
87. (a) In the given case, there is no component of velocity, d d 2
102. (a) e 6t 5t 1 12t 5
perpendicular to the magnetic field and so e = Bv sin dt dt
0°. e = – 12 (0.25) + 5 = 2 volt
88. (b) Both the statements are independently correct. e 2
i 0.2A.
89. (b) 90. (b) 91. (a) 92. (a) R 10

CRITICALTHINKING TYPE QUESTIONS 103. (b) 10t 2 50t 250

d
e (20 t 50)
d dB A dB dt
93. (a) Induced e.m.f. = = = A0
dt dt dt et 3 10 V
4 B0 B0 104. (b)
A0 3 A 0 B0 / t 105. (d) Here, induced e.m.f.
t 2
3
94. (a) For a current to induce in the cylindrical conducting dx
e ( x) Bdx x
rod.
2
(a) The cylindrical rod should cut B
magnetic lines of force which [(3 ) 2 – (2 )2 ] 5B 2
B
will happen only when the 2 2
cylindrical conducting rod is 106. (b) B.A BA cos t
moving. –
e v=0
Since conducting rod is at d BA
BA sin t ; i sin t
rest, no current will be dt R
induced. 2
BA
(b) The magnitude / direction of the magnetic field Pinst i2R R sin 2 t
changes. A changing magnetic field will create an R
electric field which can apply force on the free T T
electrons of the conducting rod and a current will Pinst dt sin 2 tdt
get induced. 0 ( BA) 2 0
Pavg
But since the magnetic field is constant, no current T R T
will be induced. dt dt
95. (a) As the magnetic field increases, its flux also increases 0 0
into the page and so induced current in bigger loop 2
will be anticlockwise. i.e., from D to C in bigger loop ( BA) T
.
and then from B to A in smaller loop. R 2.T
2 2
( r )
96. (c) iR (i t )R = QR Q Pavg =
t R 2R
97. (b) 107. (c) The electric field/emf is induced neither in sides AD
and nor in BC. Unless the metallic square loop is
98. (c) (5 10 3 ) (1 / 0.1) 0.05 V .
entering or leaving the magnetic field and the flux
99. (a) Change in flux = 2 B A N linked with it is changing.
2 0.3 200 70 10 4 108. (b) Length of conductor (l) = 0.4 m; Speed (v) = 7 m/s and
Induced e.m.f. magnetic field (B) = 0.9 Wb/ m2. Induced e.m.f.
0.1
( ) = Blv cos q = 0.9 × 0.4 × 7 × cos 0º = 2.52 V.
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION 349

1 e e e 1 1 1
109. (a) Vel. of coil 2m / s or
0.5 L L1 L2 L L1 L2
2 L1 L 2
velocity of magnet 2m / s. L
1 L1 L 2
As they are made to move in the same direction, their
Here L1 = L2 = L
relative velocity is zero. Therefore, induced e.m.f. = 0.
110. (a) Here, r = 6 cm = 6 × 10–2 m, N = 20, = 40 rads–1 L L L
L
B = 2 × 10–2 T, R = 8 L L 2
Maximum emf induced, NAB 114. (d)
= N( r2)B
d dI NM I
= 20 × × (6 × 10–2) 2 × 10–2 × 40 = 0.18 V 115. (a) E ( NMI ) E NM E=
Average value of emf induced over a full cycle dt dt t

av = 0 E MI
Maximum value of current in the coil. emf induced per unit turn =
N t
I 0.18 116. (c) L = 2mH, i = t2e–t
I= = 0.023 A
R 8
di
Average power dissipated, E= L L[ t 2 e t 2 te t ]
dt
I 0.18 0.023 when E = 0
P= = = 2.07 × 10–3 W
2 2 –e–t t2 + 2te–t = 0
111. (a) Here = 0.5 Hz, N = 200, A = 0.1 m2 2t e–t = e–t t2
and B = 0.02 T t = 2 sec.
Maximum voltage generated is
di ( 4 2)
= NBA (2 ) 117. (b) M or 8 M
= 200 × 0.02 × 0.1 × (2 × 0.5) = 1.26 V dt 0.05

112. (b) Magnetic flux linked with the loop is B r2 M

8 0.05
0.2 henry
2
d dr 118. (d) According to Lenz’s law
|e| = B 2r
dt dt 119. (b) Mutual Inductance of two coils
dr M M1 M 2 2mH 8mH 4mH
When r = 2 cm, = 1 mm s–1
dt
dI 0.5 0
e = 0.025× ×2 ×2 ×10–2×10–3 120. (d) Given : M = 0.75 H and 50 A / s
= 0.100 × × 10–5 = × 10–6 V = V dt 0.01
113. (c) When the coils are connected in parallel, let the Average induced e.m.f. in secondary coil
currents in the two coils be i1 and i2 respectively. Total dI
induced current e M 0.75 50 37.5 V
dt
di di1 di 2
i i1 i 2 or …… (1) n 2 1
dt dt dt 121. (a) e
t
di1 di 2
Now e L1 L2 50 1 10 6 31 10 6
dt dt =
0.02
(Q In parallel, induced e.m.f. across each coil will be
same) = 7.5 × 10–2 V
122. (c) The magnitude of induced e.m.f. is given by
di1 e di e |e| = Blv
Hence and 2 …… (2)
dt L1 dt L2 v = 300 m/min = 5m/s
Let L' be the equivalent inductance. |e| 2
B = 0.8 tesla
di di e l v 0.5 5
Then e L or …… (3) 123 (d) The e.m.f. is induced when there is change of flux. As
dt dt L
in this case there is no change of flux, hence no e.m.f.
From eqs. (1), (2) and (3), we get
will be induced in the wire.
 350 ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
124. (b) L = 0 nI So, when all linear dimensions are increased by a factor
of 2. The new self inductance becomes L' = 8L.
L2
----( n and I are same) 132. (b)
L1 0
N 2000 20000
L2 = rL1 = 900 × 0.18 = 162 mH 133. (b) n
0.3 3
125. (a) N = LI
d dB
LI 8 10 3 5 10 3 dt
NBA NA
dt
N 400 Since B = µ0nI
7 0 Wb dt
= 10 NAn
4 0.024V
dt
126. (c) Energy stored U is given by 0 N1 N 2 A 4 10 7 300 400 100 10 4
134. (d) M
1 2 1 3 0.2
U Li (100 10 ) (1) 2 0.05 J.
2 2 4
2.4 10 H
2 2
0N A N
127. (b) From L
l l
2 d d(NB.A)
L1 1/ 2 1 135. (d) e
we get, dt dt
L2 1/ 2 2
d
128. (d) For maximum power, X L X C , which yields N ( BA cos t ) NBA sin t
dt
1 1
C e max NBA
2 2
(2 n ) L 4 50 50 10
1 1
C = 0.1 10 5
F 1 F 136. (c) e.m.f. induced BR 2 B R 2 (2 n)
2 2
129. (b) B 0 ni (4 10 7 ) (200 10 2 ) 1.5 1
(0.1) (0.1)2 2 10 = (0.1)2 volts
= 3.8 × 10–2 Wb / m2 2
Magnetic flux through each turn of the coil 137. (d) Total resistance of the circuit = 4000 + 400 = 4400 W
= BA = (3.8 × 10–2) (3.14 × 10–4) = 1.2 × 10–5 weber V 440
When the current in the solenoid is reversed, the Current flowing i 0.1 amp.
R 4400
change in magnetic flux
Voltage across load = R i = 4000 × 0.1 = 400 volt.
2 (1.2 10 5 ) 2.4 10 5 weber 138. (b) V = 200V; r = 10
R = 10 + 100 = 110
5
d 2.4 10
Induced e.m.f. N 100 0.048 V. V 220
dt 0.05 I 2A
R 100
M P = I2R = 4 × 100 = 400 W
130. (b) = dI=0.005×I 0 cos t×
dt 139. (b) Given, B = 0.01 T, A = R2 = × (1 m)2 = m2
and = 100 rads–1
max = 0.005 × I0 × =5
2 2
The maximum induced emf max= BA
131. (b) Self inductance = 0 n AL 0n ( b) L = 0.01× ×100 V = V
n = Total number of turns/length
L = Length of inductor 140. (b) The e.m.f. induced is directly proportional to rate at
l = Length of rectangular cross section which flux is intercepted which in turn varies directly
b = breadth of rectangular cross-section as the speed of rotation of the generator.
 22
ALTERNATING CURRENT

FACT / DEFINITION TYPE QUESTIONS 8. The peak value of the a.c. current flowing throw a resistor
is given by
1. In general in an alternating current circuit (a) I0 = e0/R (b) I = e/R
(a) the average value of current is zero (c) I0 = e0 (d) I0 = R/e0
(b) the average value of square of the current is zero 9. The alternating current can be measured with the help of
(c) average power dissipation is zero (a) hot wire ammeter
(d) the phase difference between voltage and current is (b) hot wire voltmeter
(c) moving magnet galvanometer
zero
(d) suspended coil type galvanometer
2. The frequency of A.C. mains in India is
10. Alternating current can not be measured by D.C. ammeter,
(a) 30 c/s (b) 50 c/s
because
(c) 60 c/s (d) 120 c/s (a) A. C. is virtual
3. A.C. power is transmitted from a power house at a high (b) A. C. changes its direction
voltage as (c) A. C. can not pass through D.C. ammeter
(a) the rate of transmission is faster at high voltages (d) average value of A. C for complete cycle is zero
(b) it is more economical due to less power loss 11. The heat produced in a given resistance in a given time by
(c) power cannot be transmitted at low voltages the sinusoidal current I0sin t will be the same as that of a
(d) a precaution against theft of transmission lines steady current of magnitude nearly
4. The electric mains supply in our homes and offices is a (a) 0.71 I0 (b) 1.412 I0
voltage that varies like a sine function with time such a (c) I0 (d) 0
voltage is called ... A... and the current driven by it in a
12. In an a.c. circuit, the r.m.s. value of current, Irms is related to
circuit is called the ... B... Here, A and B refer to
the peak current, I0 by the relation
(a) DC voltage, AC current
(b) AC voltage, DC current (a) I rms 2 I0 (b) I rms I0
(c) AC voltage, DC voltage 1 1
(d) AC voltage, AC current (c) I rms I0 (d) I rms I0
2
5. Alternating currents can be produced by a 13. The ratio of mean value over half cycle to r.m.s. value of
(a) dynamo (b) choke coil A.C. is
(c) transformer (d) electric motor
(a) 2 : (b) 2 2:
I0
6. The alternating current of equivalent value of is (c) 2: (d) 2 :1
2
14. An A.C. source is connected to a resistive circuit. Which of
(a) peak current (b) r.m.s. current
the following is true?
(c) D.C. current (d) all of these
(a) Current leads ahead of voltage in phase
7. The alternating e.m.f. of e = e0 sin t is applied across (b) Current lags behind voltage in phase
capacitor C. The current through the circuit is given by (c) Current and voltage are in same phase
(d) Any of the above may be true depending upon the
(a) I = I0 sin t (b) I I 0 sin t value of resistance.
2
15. In which of the following circuits the maximum power
dissipation is observed?
(c) I I 0 sin t (d) I = I0 sin ( t – ) (a) Pure capacitive circuit (b) Pure inductive circuit
2
(c) Pure resistive circuit (d) None of these
 352 ALTERNATING CURRENT
16. With increase in frequency of an A.C. supply, the inductive 25. Phase difference between voltage and current in a
reactance capacitor in an ac circuit is
(a) decreases (a) (b)
(b) increases directly with frequency (c) 0 (d)
(c) increases as square of frequency 26. A capacitor has capacitance C and reactance X, if
(d) decreases inversely with frequency capacitance and frequency become double, then reactance
17. The average power dissipated in a pure inductance is will be
1 2 (a) 4X (b) X/2
(a) L (b) L 2 (c) X/4 (d) 2X
2
27. When an ac voltage of 220 V is applied to the capacitor
(c) L 2 /4 (d) zero C, then
18. If a current I given by I = I0 sin ( t – /2) flows in inductance (a) the maximum voltage between plates is 220 V.
in an A.C. circuit across which an A.C. potential E = E0 sin (b) the current is in phase with the applied voltage.
t has been applied, then power consumption P in the circuit (c) the charge on the plate is not in phase with the
will be applied votage.
(a) P E0 / 2 (b) P E / 2 (d) power delivered to the capacitor per cycle is zero.
0
28. In LCR circuit if resistance increases quality factor
(c) P E 0 0 / 2 (d) zero (a) increases finitely (b) decreases finitely
19. In the case of an inductor (c) remains constant (d) None of these
29. An inductor, a resistor and a capacitor are joined in series
(a) voltage lags the current by with an AC source. As the frequency of the source is slightly
2
increased from a very low value, the reactance of the
(b) voltage leads the current by (a) inductor increases (b) resistor increases
2 (c) capacitor increases (d) circuit increases
30. With increase in frequency of an A.C. supply, the impedance
(c) voltage leads the current by of an L-C-R series circuit
3
(a) remains constant
(b) increases
(d) voltage leads the current by
4 (c) decreases
20. If the frequency of an A.C. is made 4 times of its initial (d) decreases at first, becomes minimum and then
value, the inductive reactance will increases.
(a) be 4 times (b) be 2 times 31. If an LCR series circuit is connected to an ac source, then at
(c) be half (d) remain the same resonance the voltage across
21. An inductance L having a resistance R is connected to an (a) R is zero
alternating source of angular frequency The Quality factor (b) R equals the applied voltage
Q of inductance is (c) C is zero
(a) R/ L (b) ( L/R)2 (d) L equals the applied voltage
(c) (R / L) ½ (d) L/R
32. The current leads the voltage by an angle which is given
22. A capacitor acts as an infinite resistance for
by
(a) DC (b) AC
(c) DC as well as AC (d) neither AC nor DC 1
(a) tan 1 (b) tan–1 ( CR)
23. The capacitive reactance in an A.C. circuit is CR
(a) effective resistance due to capacity
(b) effective wattage C R
(c) tan 1 (d) tan 1
(c) effective voltage R C
(d) None of these
33. In an L.C.R. series a.c. circuit, the current
24. Of the following about capacitive reactance which is
(a) is always in phase with the voltage
correct?
(b) always lags the generator voltage
(a) The reactance of the capacitor is directly proportional
to its ability to store charge (c) always leads the generator voltage
(b) Capacitive reactance is inversely proportional to the (d) None of these
frequency of the current 34. An LCR series circuit, connected to a source E, is at
(c) Capacitive reactance is measured in farad resonance. Then the voltage across
(d) The reactance of a capacitor in an A.C. circuit is similar (a) R is zero (b) R equals applied voltage
to the resistance of a capacitor in a D.C. circuit (c) C is zero (d) L equals applied voltage
ALTERNATING CURRENT 353
35. In a series resonant circuit, having L,C and R as its elements, 44. Power factor of the A. C. circuit varies between
the resonant current is i. The power dissipated in circuit at (a) 0 to 0.5 (b) 0.5 to 1
resonance is (c) 0 to 1 (d) 1 to 2
45. The graph between inductive reactance and frequency is
i2R
(a) (b) zero (a) parabola (b) straight line
( L 1/ C) (c) hyperbola (d) an arc of a circle
(c) i2 L (d) i2 R. 46. For minimum dissipation of energy in the circuit the power
Whereas is angular resonant frequency factor should be
36. At resonance frequency the impedance in series LCR (a) large (b) small
circuit is (c) moderate (d) can not say
(a) maximum (b) minimum 47. The inductive reactance of an inductor of inductance L is
(c) zero (d) infinity
1 1
37. At resonant frequency the current amplitude in series (a) (b)
LCR circuit is 2 fC 2 fL
(a) maximum (b) minimum (c) 2 fC (d) 2 fL
(c) zero (d) infinity 48. Th e opposition offered by ohmic and non ohmic
38. In tuning, we vary the capacitance of a capacitor in the components is
tunning circuit such that the resonant frequency of the (a) inductive reactance (b) capacitive reactance
circuit becomes nearly equal to the frequency of the radio (c) impedance (d) all of these
signal received. When this happens, the ...A... with the 49. The average power dissipated in an A.C. circuit containing
frequency of the signal of the particular radio station in a resistance alone is
the circuit is maximum. Here A refers to (a) erms Irms (b) erms Irms cos
(a) resonant frequency (d) 0 (d) none of these
(b) impedance 50. The product erms Irms is called as
(c) amplitude of the current (a) true power (b) apparent power
(d) reactance (c) power factor (d) Q factor
39. The power factor in a circuit connected to an A.C. The
51. Power in an A.C. circuit is rated per second at which
value of power factor is
(a) charge flows (b) work is done
(a) unity when the circuit contains an ideal inductance
(c) energy is spent (d) current alternates
only
(b) unity when the circuit contains an ideal resistance only 52. In an a.c. circuit with phase voltage V and current I, the
(c) zero when the circuit contains an ideal resistance only power dissipated is
(d) unity when the circuit contains an ideal capacitance V V
only (a) (b)
2 2
40. Current in a circuit is wattless if
(a) inductance in the circuit is zero (c) V (d) VI cos
(b) resistance in the circuit is zero 53. The sinusoidal A.C. current flows through a resistor of
(c) current is alternating resistance R. If the peak current is Ip, then power dissipated
(d) resistance and inductance both are zero
is
41. Power factor is one for
(a) pure inductor 2 1 2
(a) p R cos (b) p R
(b) pure capacitor 2
(c) pure resistor
(d) either an inductor or a capacitor. 4 2 1 2
(c) p R (d) p R
42. The impedance of a LCR series circuit is 2

2 2 54. The power factor of an AC circuit having resistance (R)

(a) R2 XL XC (b) R2 XL XC and inductance (L) connected in series and an angular
velocity is
2
(c) R XL XC (d) XL XC R (a) R/ L (b) R/(R2 2L2)
43. An A. C. of frequency f is flowing in a circuit containing a (c) L/R (d) R/(R2 2L2)½
resistance R and capacitance C in series. The impedance 55. The transformer voltage induced in the secondary coil of a
of the circuit is equal to transformer is mainly due to
(a) R + f (b) R + 2 fC (a) a varying electric field
(b) a varying magnetic field
1
(c) R (d) R 2 X 2C (c) the vibrations of the primary coil
2 fC (d) the iron core of the transformer
 354 ALTERNATING CURRENT
56. A transformer is employed to 66. Which of the following statements is/are correct ?
(a) convert A.C. into D.C. I. In LCR series ac circuit, as the frequency of the source
(b) convert D.C. into A.C. increases, the impedence of the circuit first decreases
(c) obtain a suitable A.C. voltage and then increases.
(d) obtain a suitable D.C. voltage II. If the net reactance of an LCR series ac circuit is same
57. Transformers are used as its resistance, then the current lags behind the
voltage by 45°.
(a) in DC circuit only
III. Below resonance, voltage leads the current while above
(b) in AC circuits only
it, current leads the voltage.
(c) in both DC and AC circuits (a) I only (b) II only
(d) neither in DC nor in AC circuits (c) I and III (d) I and II
58. The loss of energy in the form of heat in the iron core of 67. An alternating voltage of frequency is induced in electric
a transformer is circuit consisting of an inductance L and capacitance C,
(a) iron loss (b) copper loss connected in parallel. Then across the inductance coil the
(c) mechanical loss (d) None of these I. current is maximum when 2 = 1/(L C)
59. Quantity that remains unchanged in a transformer is II. current is minimum when 2 = 1/(L C)
(a) voltage (b) current III. voltage is minimum when 2 = 1/(L C)
(c) frequency (d) None of these IV. voltage is maximum when 2 = 1/(L C)
60. Eddy currents in the core of transformer can't be developed Which of the above statements are correct?
by (a) I and III (b) I and IV
(a) increasing the number of turns in secondary coil (c) II and III (d) II and IV
(b) taking laminated transformer 68. Which of the following statements are correct ?
I. If the resonance is less sharp, not only is the
(c) making step down transformer
maximum current less, the circuit is close to resonance
(d) using a weak a.c. at high potential
for a larger range of frequencies and the tuning
61. The core of transformer is laminated to reduce of the circuit will not be good.
(a) flux leakage (b) hysteresis II. Less sharp the resonance less is the selectivity of
(c) copper loss (d) eddy current the circuit or vice–versa.
62. A transformer is based on the principle of III. If quality factor is large, i.e., R is low or L is large,
(a) mutual induction (b) self induction the circuit is more selective.
(c) Ampere’s law (d) X-ray crystallography (a) I and II only (b) II and III only
63. The transformation ratio in the step-up transformer is (c) I and III only (d) I, II and III
(a) one
(b) greater than one MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS
(c) less than one 69. Match Columns I and II.
(d) the ratio greater or less than one depends on the other Column I Column II
factor (A) RL circuit (1) Leading quantity -
64. The parallel combination of inductor and capacitor is called current
as (B) RC circuit (2) Leading quantity -
(a) rectifier circuit (b) tank circuit voltage
(c) acceptor circuit (d) filter circuit (C) Inductive circuit (3) Phase difference
between voltage and
STATEMENT TYPE QUESTIONS current 0°
(D) Resistive circuit (4) Phase difference
65. Consider the following statements and then select the between voltage and
correct statements. current 90°
I. Most of the electrical device we use require AC (a) (A) (2) ; (B) (1) ; (C) (3) ; (D) (4)
voltage. (b) (A) (2) ; (B) (2) ; (C) (4) ; (D) (3)
II. Most of the electrical energy sold by power (c) (A) (4) ; (B) (3) ; (C) (2) ; (D) (1)
companies is transmitted and distributed as (d) (A) (2) ; (B) (1) ; (C) (4) ; (D) (3)
alternating current. 70. In an LCR series circuit connected to an ac source, the
III. AC voltage can be easily and efficiently converted
from one to the other by means of transformers. supply voltage is V V0 sin 100 t . V L = 40 V,
(a) I is correct, II and III are incorrect 6
(b) I III are correct, II is incorrect VR = 40V, Z = 5 and R = 4 Then match the column I
(c) I II are correct, III is incorrect and II.
(d) I, II and III are correct
ALTERNATING CURRENT 355

VL VC VR V.I
V
Vm
L R Im I
C
0 2 t
(b)

Column I Column II
(A) Peak current (in A) (1) 10 2
V.I
(B) V0 (in volts) (2) V
50 2
Vm I
(C) Effective value of (3) 50
Im
applied voltage (in volts)
(D) XC (in ) (4) 1 0 t
(c) 2
(a) (A) (1); (B) (2); (C) (1); (D) (4)
(b) (A) (2); (B) (3); (C) (1); (D) (4)
(c) (A) (4); (B) (3); (C) (2); (D) (1)
(d) (A) (4); (B) (1); (C) (3); (D) (2) V.I
V
71. In a series LCR circuit, the e.m.f. leads current. Now the
driving frequency is decreased slightly. Match columns I Vm I
and II. Im
Column I Column II 0 t
(d) 2
(A) Current amplitude (1) Increases
(B) Phase constant (2) Decreases
(C) Power developed (3) Remains same
in resistor 74. Which of the following graphs represents the correct
(D) Impedance (4) May increase or variation of inductive reactance XL with frequency ?
decrease
(a) (A) (1, 2); (B) (2); (C) (3, 4); (D) (1) XL XL
(b) (A) (1); (B) (2); (C) (1); (D) (2)
(c) (A) (1); (B) (3); (C) (1); (D) (1, 2)
(a) (b)
(d) (A) (2); (B) (3); (C) (4); (D) (1)

DIAGRAM TYPE QUESTIONS

72. The r.m.s. value of potential difference V shown in the figure XL XL
is
V (c) (d)
V0

O t 75. Which of the following graphs represents the correct

T/2 T variation of capacitive reactance XC with frequency ?
(a) V0 (b) V0 / 2 XC XC
(c) V0/2 (d)
V0 / 3
73. The phase relationship between current and voltage in a
(a) (b)
pure resistive circuit is best represented by

V.I
V
I
Vm XC XC
Im
0 2 t
(a)
(c) (d)
 356 ALTERNATING CURRENT
76. For the circuit shown in the fig., the current through the
inductor is 0.9 A while the current through the condenser is q q
0.4 A. Then
(a) qo (b)
(a) current drawn from source I = 1.13 A
C
(b) = 1/(1.5 L C)
O t O t
L
(c) I = 0.5 A

(d) I = 0.6 A
~ q q
V = V0 sin t
77. In the given circuit the reading of voltmeter qo
V1 and V2 are 300 volt each. The reading of the voltmeter V3 (c) qo (d)
and ammeter A are respectively

L C R 100
t O t
O
V1 V2 V3 81. The current in resistance R at resonance is
A
R
~
220 V, 50 Hz

(a) 150 V and 2.2 A (b) 220 V and 2.0 A C

L
(c) 220 V and 2.0 A (d) 100 V and 2.0 A
78. In the given circuit, the current drawn from the source is ~
V = V0 sin t
V 100 x sin(100 t )

(a) zero (b) minimum but finite

(c) maximum but finite (d) infinite
20
10
20

~
ASSERTION- REASON TYPE QUESTIONS
XL

XC
R

Directions : Each of these questions contain two statements,

Assertion and Reason. Each of these questions also has four
(a) 20 A (b) 10 A alternative choices, only one of which is the correct answer. You
(c) 5 A (d) 5 2 A have to select one of the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) given below.
(a) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is a correct
79. Which one of the following curves represents the variation
explanation for assertion.
of impedance (Z) with frequency f in series LCR circuit? (b) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is not a
Z correct explanation for assertion
Z
(c) Assertion is correct, reason is incorrect
(a) (b) (d) Assertion is incorrect, reason is correct.
82. Assertion : Average value of ac over a complete cycle is
always zero.
Reason: Average value of ac is always defined over half
f f cycle.
83. Assertion : The voltage and current in a series AC circuit
Z Z are given by V = V0 sin t and i = i0cos t. The power
(c) (d) dissipated in the circuit is zero.
V0i0
Reason : Power in AC circuit is given by P cos .
2
84. Assertion : The alternating current lags behind the emf by
f f
a phase angle of , when AC flows through an inductor..
80. In LCR series circuit fed by a DC source, how does the 2
amplitude of charge oscillations vary with time during Reason : The inductive reactance increases as the
discharge ? frequency of AC source increases.
ALTERNATING CURRENT 357
85. Assertion : The inductive reactance limits amplitude of the 97. The r.m.s value of an a.c. of 50 Hz is 10 amp. The time taken
current in a purely inductive circuit. by the alternating current in reaching from zero to maximum
Reason: The inductive reactance is independent of the value and the peak value of current will be
frequency of the current. (a) 2 × 10–2 sec and 14.14 amp
85. Assertion : A capacitor blocks direct current in the steady (b) 1 × 10–2 sec and 7.07 amp
state. (c) 5 × 10–3 sec and 7.07 amp
Reason : The capacitive reactance of the capacitor is (d) 5 × 10–3 sec and 14.14 amp
inversely proportional to frequency f of the source of emf. 98. The instantaneous voltage through a device of impedance
87. Assertion : A capacitor is connected to a direct current 20 is e = 80 sin 100 t. The effective value of the current is
source. Its reactance is infinite. (a) 3 A (b) 2.828 A
Reason : Reactance of a capacitor is given by X c 1 . (c) 1.732 A (d) 4 A
C 99. The impedance in a circuit containing a resistance of 1
88. Assertion : In a purely inductive or capacitive circuit, the and an inductance of 0.1 H in series, for AC of 50 Hz, is
current is referred to as wattless current.
(a) 100 10 (b) 10 10
Reason: No power is dissipated in a purely inductive or
capacitive circuit even though a current is flowing in the (c) 100 (d) 10
circuit. 100. An ac voltage is applied to a resistance R and an inductor L
89. Assertion : The power in an ac circuit is minimum if the in series. If R and the inductive reactance are both equal to
circuit has only a resistor. 3 , the phase difference between the applied voltage and
Reason: Power of a circuit is independent of the phase the current in the circuit is
angle. (a) /6 (b) /4
90. Assertion : In the purely resistive element of a series LCR, (c) /2 (d) zero
AC circuit the maximum value of rms current increases with 101. A coil has resistance 30 ohm and inductive reactance 20 ohm
increase in the angular frequency of the applied emf.
at 50 Hz frequency. If an ac source, of 200 volt, 100 Hz, is
2 connected across the coil, the current in the coil will be
1
Reason : Imax max
,z R2 L , (a) 4.0 A (b) 8.0 A
z C
20
where Imax is the peak current in a cycle. (c) A (d) 2.0 A
13
91. Assertion : When the frequency of the AC source in an
LCR circuit equals the resonant frequency, the reactance of 102. A coil of inductance 300 mH and resistance 2 is
the circuit is zero, and so there is no current through the connected to a source of voltage 2 V. The current reaches
inductor or the capacitor. half of its steady state value in
Reason : The net current in the inductor and capacitor is (a) 0.1 s (b) 0.05 s
zero. (c) 0.3 s (d) 0.15 s
92. Assertion : In series LCR resonance circuit, the impedance 103. An inductance of negligible resistance whose reactance is
is equal to the ohmic resistance. 22 at 200 Hz is connected to 200 volts, 50 Hz power line.
Reason: At resonance, the inductive reactance exceeds the The value of inductance is
capacitive reactance. (a) 0.0175 henry (b) 0.175 henry
93. Assertion : Choke coil is preferred over a resistor to control (c) 1.75 henry (d) 17.5 henry
the current in an AC circuit. 104. An inductive circuit contains resistance of 10 ohms and an
Reason : Power factor of an ideal inductor is zero. inductance of 2 henry. If an A.C. voltage of 120 Volts and
94. Assertion : The power is produced when a transformer frequency 60 Hz is applied to this circuit, the current would
steps up the voltage. be nearly
Reason : In an ideal transformer VI = constant. (a) 0.32 A (b) 0.16 A
95. Assertion : A laminated core is used in transformers to (c) 0.48 A (d) 0.80 A
increase eddy currents. 105. An inductive coil has a resistance of 100 . When an a.c.
Reason: The efficiency of a transformer increases with signal of requency 1000 Hz is fed to the coil, the applied
increase in eddy currents. voltage leads the current by 45°. What is the inductance of
the coil ?
CRITICALTHINKING TYPE QUESTIONS
(a) 10 mH (b) 12 mH
96. Determine the rms value of the emf given by (c) 16 mH (d) 20mH.
E (in volt) = 8 sin ( t) + 6sin (2 t) 106. In an LR circuit f = 50 Hz, L = 2H, E = 5 volts, R = 1 then
(a) 5 2V (b) 7 2 V energy stored in inductor is
(a) 50 J (b) 25 J
(c) 10 V (d) 10 2 V (c) 100 J (d) None of these
 358 ALTERNATING CURRENT

107. In an ac circuit an alternating voltage e = 200 2 sin 100 t 0.03 H 0.15 k

volts is connected to a capacitor of capacity 1 F. The r.m.s.
value of the current in the circuit is K2
(a) 10 mA (b) 100 mA
(c) 200 mA (d) 20 mA
108. An alternating voltage E (in volts) = 200 2 sin 100 t is 15V K1
connected to one micro farad capacitor through an a.c. (a) 6.7 mA (b) 0.67 mA
ammeter. The reading of the ammeter shall be (c) 100 mA (d) 67 mA
(a) 100 mA (b) 20 mA 116. In the circuit shown here, the point ‘C’ is kept connected to
(c) 40 mA (d) 80 mA
point ‘A’ till the current flowing through the circuit becomes
109. An alternating voltage of 220 V, 50 Hz frequency is applied
across a capacitor of capacitance 2 µF. The impedence of constant. Afterward, suddenly, point ‘C’ is disconnected
the circuit is from point ‘A’ and connected to point ‘B’ at time t = 0. Ratio
of the voltage across resistance and the inductor at t = L/R
1000
(a) (b) will be equal to
5000
A C R
5000
(c) 500 (d)
110. In an experiment, 200 V A.C. is applied at the ends of an L
LCR circuit. The circuit consists of an inductive reactance
(XL ) = 50 , capacitive reactance (XC ) = 50 and ohmic B
resistance (R) = 10 . The impedance of the circuit is
(a) 10 (b) 20
(c) 30 (d) 40
111. In an electrical circuit R, L, C and an a.c. voltage source are e
(a) (b) 1
all connected in series. When L is removed from the circuit, 1 e
the phase difference between the voltage the current in the
circuit is /3. If instead, C is removed from the circuit, the 1 e
(c) –1 (d)
phase difference is again /3. The power factor of the circuit e
is 117. A series R-C circuit is connected to an alternating voltage
(a) 1/2 (b) 1/ 2 source. Consider two situations:
(a) When capacitor is air filled.
(c) 1 (d) 3/2 (b) When capacitor is mica filled.
112. In an LCR series a.c. circuit, the voltage across each of the Current through resistor is i and voltage across capacitor is
components, L, C and R is 50V. The voltage across the LC V then :
combination will be (a) Va > Vb (b) ia > ib
(a) 100 V (b) 50 2 V (c) Va = Vb (d) Va < Vb
(c) 50 V (d) 0 V 118. A resistance 'R' draws power 'P' when connected to an AC
113. If resistance of 100 , and inductance of 0.5 henry and source. If an inductance is now placed in series with the
capacitance of 10 × 106 farad are connected in series through resistance, such that the impedance of the circuit becomes
50 Hz A.C. supply, then impedance is 'Z', the power drawn will be
(a) 1.8765 (b) 18.76 R
R
(c) 187.6 (d) 101.3 (a) P (b) P
Z Z
114. In an LCR series resonant circuit, the capacitance is changed
from C to 4C. For the same resonant frequency, the 2
inductance should be changed from L to R
(c) P (d) P
L Z
(a) 2 L (b)
2 119. In series L-C-R circuit, the voltages across R, L and C are
L VR, VL and VC respectively. Then the voltage of applied a.c.
(c) 4 L (d) source must be
4
115. An inductor (L = 0.03 H) and a resistor (R = 0.15 k ) are (a) VR VL VC
connected in series to a battery of 15V EMF in a circuit
shown below. The key K1 has been kept closed for a long (b) [( VR ) 2 ( VL VC ) 2 ]
time. Then at t = 0, K1 is opened and key K2 is closed
simultaneously. (c) VR VC VL
At t = l ms, the current in the circuit will be : e5 150 (d) [(VR VL ) 2 (VC ) 2 ]1 / 2
ALTERNATING CURRENT 359
120. In a series resonant LCR circuit, the voltage across R is 100 1 3
volts and R = 1 k with C = 2 F. The resonant frequency (a) (b)
4 4
is 200 rad/s. At resonance the voltage across L is
1 1
(c) (d)
(a) 2.5 × 10–2 V (b) 40 V 2 8
(c) 250 V (d) 4 × 10–3 V 128. In a series LCR circuit R = 200 and the voltage and the
121. In series combination of R, L and C with an A.C. source at frequency of the main supply is 220V and 50 Hz respectively.
resonance, if R = 20 ohm, then impedence Z of the On taking out the capacitance from the circuit the current
combination is lags behind the voltage by 30°. On taking out the inductor
(a) 20 ohm (b) zero from the circuit the current leads the voltage by 30°. The
(c) 10 ohm (d) 400 ohm power dissipated in the LCR circuit is
(a) 305 W (b) 210 W
122. The tuning circuit of a radio receiver has a resistance of
(c) Zero W (d) 242 W
50 , an inductor of 10 mH and a variable capacitor. A 129. In an A.C. circuit, the current flowing in inductance is
1 MHz radio wave produces a potential difference of I = 5 sin (100 t – /2) amperes and the potential difference is
0.1 mV. The values of the capacitor to produce resonance is V = 200 sin (100 t) volts. The power consumption is equal to
(Take 2 = 10) (a) 1000 watt (b) 40 watt
(a) 2.5 pF (b) 5.0 pF (c) 20 watt (d) Zero
(c) 25 pF (d) 50 pF 130. In an a.c. circuit V and I are given by
123. Resonance frequency of LCR series a.c. circuit is f0. Now V = 100 sin (100 t) volts
the capacitance is made 4 times, then the new resonance I = 100 sin (100 t + /3) mA
frequency will become the power dissipated in the circuit is
(a) f0/4 (b) 2f0 (a) 104 watt (b) 10 watt
(c) f0 (d) f0/2. (c) 2.5 watt (d) 5.0 watt
124. In a RLC circuit capacitance is changed from C to 2 C. For 131. An alternating voltage V = V0 sin t is applied across a
the resonant frequency to remain unchanged, the circuit. As a result, a current I = I0 sin ( t – /2) flows in it.
inductance should be changed from L to The power consumed per cycle is
(a) 4 L (b) 2 L (a) zero (b) 0.5 V0I0
(c) L/2 (d) L/4 (c) 0.707 V0I0 (d) 1.414 V0I0
125. Resonance frequency of LCR series a.c. circuit is f0. Now 132. Two coils A and B are connected in series across a 240 V, 50
the capacitance is made 4 times, then the new resonance Hz supply. The resistance of A is 5 and the inductance of
frequency will become B is 0.02 H. The power consumed is 3 kW and the power
(a) f0/4 (b) 2f0 factor is 0.75. The impedance of the circuit is
(a) 0.144 (b) 1.44
(c) f0 (d) f0/2.
(c) 14.4 (d) 144
126. In an a.c. circuit the voltage applied is E = E0 sin t.
133. A fully charged capacitor C with initial charge Q0 is
æ ö
The resulting current in the circuit is I = I0 sin çç t - ÷÷÷ .
connected to a coil of self inductance L at t = 0. The time
çè 2ø at which the energy is stored equally between the electric
and the magnetic field is
The power consumption in the circuit is given by
E 0 I0 (a) LC (b) 2 LC
(a) P 2E0 I0 (b) P= 4
2
(c) LC (d) LC
E 0 I0 134. A charged 30 F capacitor is connected to a 27 mH
(c) P = zero (d) P=
2 inductor. The angular frequency of free oscillations of the
127. The instantaneous values of alternating current and circuit is
voltages in a circuit are given as (a) 1.1 × 103 rad s–1 (b) 2.1 × 103 rad s–1
(c) 3.1 × 103 rad s–1 (d) 4.1 × 103 rad s–1
1 135. The primary winding of transformers has 500 turns whereas
i sin(100 t ) A
2 its secondary has 5000 turns. The primary is connected to
1 an A.C. supply of 20 V, 50 Hz. The secondary will have an
e sin(100 t / 3) Volt output of
2
(a) 2V, 5Hz (b) 200 V, 500 Hz
The average power in Watt consumed in the circuit is (c) 2V, 50 Hz (d) 200 V, 50Hz
 360 ALTERNATING CURRENT
136. A step up transformer operates on a 230 V line and supplies 141. A step down transformer reduces 220 V to 110 V. The primary
a current of 2 ampere. The ratio of primary and secondary draws 5 ampere of current and secondary supplies 9 ampere.
winding is 1:25 . The current in primary is The efficiency of transformer is
(a) 25 A (b) 50 A (a) 20% (b) 44%
(c) 15 A (d) 12.5 A (c) 90% (d) 100%
137. A 220 volts input is supplied to a transformer. The output 142. A transformer is used to light a 140 W, 24 V bulb from a
circuit draws a current of 2.0 ampere at 440 volts. If the 240 V a.c. mains. The current in the main cable is 0.7 A. The
efficiency of the transformer is 80%, the current drawn by efficiency of the transformer is
the primary windings of the transformer is (a) 63.8 % (b) 83.3 %
(a) 3.6 ampere (b) 2.8 ampere (c) 16.7 % (d) 36.2 %
(c) 2.5 ampere (d) 5.0 ampere 143. A transformer has an efficiency of 80%. It works at 4 kW
138. In a transformers, number of turns in primary coil are 140 and 100 V. If secondary voltage is 240 V, the current in
and that in secondary coil are 280. If current in primary coil primary coil is
is 4A, then that in secondary coil is (a) 0.4 A (b) 4 A
(a) 4 A (b) 2 A (c) 10 A (d) 40 A
(c) 6 A (d) 10 A 144. The primary of a transformer has 400 turns while the
139. The primary winding of a transformer has 100 turns and its secondary has 2000 turns. If the power output from the
secondary winding has 200 turns. The primary is connected secondary at 1000 V is 12 kW, what is the primary voltage?
to an A.C. supply of 120 V and the current flowing in it is 10 (a) 200 V (b) 300 V
A. The voltage and the current in the secondary are (c) 400 V (d) 500 V
(a) 240 V, 5 A (b) 240 V, 10 A 145. A transformer connected to 220 V mains is used to light a
(c) 60 V, 20 A (d) 120 V, 20 A lamp of rating 100 W and 110 V. If the primary current is
140. A step down transformer is connected to 2400 volts line 0.5 A, the efficiency of the transformer is (approximately)
and 80 amperes of current is found to flow in output load. (a) 60% (b) 35%
The ratio of the turns in primary and secondary coil is 20 : 1. (c) 50% (d) 90%
If transformer efficiency is 100%, then the current flowing 146. A transformer having efficiency of 90% is working on 200V
in the primary coil will be and 3kW power supply. If the current in the secondary coil
(a) 1600 amp (b) 20 amp is 6A, the voltage across the secondary coil and the current
(c) 4 amp (d) 1.5 amp in the primary coil respectively are :
(a) 300 V, 15A (b) 450 V, 15A
(c) 450V, 13.5A (d) 600V, 15A
ALTERNATING CURRENT 361

25. (b) In a capacitive ac circuits, the voltage lags behind

FACT / DEFINITION TYPE QUESTIONS
the current in phase by radian.
1. (a)
1
2. (b) In India the frequency of A.C. current is 50 Hz. 26. (c) The reactance of capacitor X = where is
C
3. (b)
4. (d) The electric mains supply in our homes and offices frequency and C is the capacitance of capacitor.
is a voltage that varies like a sine function with time. 27. (d) When an ac voltage of 220 V is applied to a
Such a voltage is called alternating voltage and the capacitor C, the charge on the plates is in phase
current driven by it in a circuit is called the with the applied voltage.
alternating current. As the circuit is pure capacitive so, the current
5. (a) 6. (b) 7. (b) 8. (a) developed leads the applied voltage by a phase
9. (a) 10. (d) 11. (a) 12. (d) angle of 90° Hence, power delivered to the capacitor
per cycle is
13. (b) We know that r ms 0 / 2 and m 2 0 / P = Vrms Irms cos 90° = 0.
28. (b)
m 2 2 29. (a) The reactance of inductor, XL = L
rms 1
The reactance of capacitor, X C
14. (c) When resistance is connected to A.C source, then C
current & voltage are in same phase. where = 2 n & n is the frequency of A.C source.
15. (c)
16. (b) XL L XL 30. (d) Z
17. (d) In case of pure inductance cos = 0, so no power
dissipates.
Zmin = R
1
18. (d) P Vr.m.s. r.m.s. cos E 0 0 cos / 2 0
2
o
19. (b) In an inductor voltage leads the current by or
2
31. (b) In series RLC circuit,
current lags the voltage by .
2
20. (a) Voltage, V = VR2 (VL VC )2
And, at resonance, VL = VC
Potential drop across capacitor or inductor
21. (d) Q Hence, V = VR
Potential drop across R.
32. (a)
L
R 33. (d) VL
VR
VC – VL

1 I
22. (a) XC(reactance of capacitor) for D.C.,
I

C E
E(applied
= 0 XC = voltage)
23. (a) Capacitive reactance in an A.C circuit is
1 VC VL (if V > V )
XC ohm , where C is the capacitance of tan C L
C VR
capacitor & = 2 n (n is the frequency of A.C source).
VL VC
1 1 (if VL> VC)
24. (b) XC XC for given C. R
C where is angle between current & applied voltage.
 362 ALTERNATING CURRENT
for preferring use of AC voltage over DC voltage is
R 12 4
34. (b) Power factor cos 0.8 that Ac voltage can be easily and efficiently
Z 15 5
converted from one voltage to the other by means
35. (d) At resonance wL= 1/wC
of transformers.
and i = E/R , So power dissipated in circuit is P = i 2R.
66. (d) Option (d) is false because the reason why the voltage
36. (b) At resonance frequency, the inductive and capacitive
1
reactance are equal. leads the current is because L and if the
C
i.e. XL = XC
voltage lags, the inductive reactance is greater than
Impedance, Z = R2 (X L X C )2 the capacitive reactance.
67. (d)
= R 2
0 2 =R 68. (d) If the resonance is less sharp, not only is the
37. (a) maximum current less, the circuit is close to resonance
38. (c) When this happens the amplitude of the current for larger range of frequencies and the tuning of
with the frequency of the signal of the particular the circuit will not be good. So, less sharp the
radio station in the circuit is maximum. resonance, less is the selectivity of the circuit or
vice-versa. If quality factor is large, i.e., R is low or
R
39. (b) cos , where Z is the impedance & L is large, the circuit is more selective.
Z
MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS
Z R 2 (XL XC )2 , if there is only resistance
69. (d) (A) (2) ; (B) (1) ; (C) (4) ; (D) (3)
then Z = R cos = 1
VR 40
40. (b) If R = 0 cos = 0 = 90º so P =0, in this case 70. (a) A-1 : irms 10 A; i0 2 irms 2 2 A
R 4
power loss is zero & current flowing in the circuit is
called wattless current. B-2; Vrms iZ 10 5 50V ; V0 2 Vrms 50 2 V
41. (c) 42. (a) 43. (d) 44. (c)
45. (b) 46. (a) 47. (d) 48. (c) C-1 :
49. (a) 50. (b) 51. (b) D-4 : Now V 2 VR2 (VL VC ) 2
52. (d) P = V I cos So, power dissipation depends upon V
and I. or 502 402 (40 – VC ) 2
IP
53. (b) The value of r.m.s current is I rms VC 10V ,
2
VC 10
1 2 and X C 1
so power dissipated is P I 2rms R IPR i 10
2
54. (b) 55. (b) 56. (c) 57. (b) 71. (b)
58. (a) : Iron loss is the energy loss in the form of heat due
DIAGRAM TYPE QUESTIONS
to the formation of eddy currents in the iron core of
the transformer.
59. (c) A transformer does not change the frequency of ac. (T / 2)V0 2 0 V0
72. (b) Vrms = = .
60. (b) T 2
61. (d) The core of a transformer is laminated to reduce
eddy current. 73. (c) In the pure resistive circuit current and voltage both
62. (a) 63. (b) 64. (b) are in phase. Hence graph (c) is correct.
74. (b) Inductive reactance,
STATEMENT TYPE QUESTIONS
XL = L = 2 L
65. (d) Most of the electrical devices we use require AC
XL
voltage. This is mainly because most of the electrical
Hence, inductive reactance increases linearly with
energy sold by power companies is transmitted and
distributed as alternating current. The main reason frequency.
ALTERNATING CURRENT 363
86. (b)
1 1
75. (c) Capacitive reactance, XC = 1
C 2 C 87. (a) As X C , so for = 0, X C .
C
1 88. (a) In a purely inductive or capacitive circuit, power factor,
XL
cos = 0 and no power is dissipated even though a
With increases in frequency, XC decreases. current is flowing in the circuit. In such cases, current
Hence, option (c) represents the corrent graph. is referred to as wattless current.
76. (c) The current drawn by inductor and capacitor will be in 89. (d) Power in a series ac circuit consisting of L, C and R is
opposite phase. Hence net current drawn from given by
generator
= IL – IC = 0.9 – 0.4 = 0.5 amp. X L – XC
P = IrmsVrms cos where tan –1
77. (b) As VL = VC = 300 V, resonance will take place R
VR = 220 V
For a purely resistive circuit XL = 0 and XC = 0
220 Therefore, tan = 0 or = 0 and thereby cos = 1 and
Current, I = 2.2 A
100 P = IV.
reading of V3 = 220 V The power is maximum as cos is maximum. Power
and reading of A = 2.2 A depends on the phase angle through the power factor
78. (d) cos .
79. (c) Impedance at resonant frequency is minimum in series 90. (c)
LCR circuit. 91. (d) The currents in capacitor and in inductor are opposite
2
and so net current is zero.
1 92. (c) In series resonance circuit,
So, Z R2 2 fL
2 fC inductive reactance is equal to capacitive reactance.
1
When frequency is increased or decreased, Z increases. i.e. L
80. (c) C

81. (c) At resonance X L XC Z R & current is 1

2
Z R2 L R
E C
maximum but finite, which is I max , where E is
R 93. (a)
applied voltage. 94. (a) Transformer cannot produce power, but it transfer from
primary to secondary.
ASSERTION- REASON TYPE QUESTIONS
95. (d) Large eddy currents are produced in non-laminated
82. (b) The means or average value of alternating current or iron core of the transformer by the induced emf, as the
e.m.f during a half cycle is given by resistance of bulk iron core is very small. By using
Im = 0.636I0 or Em = 0.636E0 thin iron sheets as core the resistance is increased.
During the next half cycle, the mean value of ac will be Laminating the core substantially reduces the eddy
equal in magnitude but opposite in direction. For this currents. Eddy current heats up the core of the
reason the average value of ac over a complete cycle transformer. More the eddy currents greater is the loss
is always zero. So the average value is always defined
of energy and the efficiency goes down.
over a half cycle of ac.
83. (a) V = V0 sin t i = i0 cos t = i0 sin( t / 2) CRITICALTHINKING TYPE QUESTIONS

, and cos 0. 96. (a) E 8 sin t 6 sin 2 t

2
84. (b) In case of inductive circuit emf leads current by /2 E peak 82 6 2 10 V
rad
85. (c) The inductive reactance limits the amplitude of current
in a purely inductive circuit in the same way as the 10
E rms 5 2V
resistance limits the current in a purely resistive circuit. 2
0
i.e. I 0 97. (d)
XL
 364 ALTERNATING CURRENT
98. (b) Given equation, e = 80 sin 100 t …(i) 106. (d) L 2H , E 5 volts, R 1
Standard equation of instantaneous voltage is given
by e = em sin t …(ii) Z
Compare (i) and (ii), we get em = 80 V
where em is the voltage amplitude. R L

em E
Current amplitude Im where Z = impendence
Z
1 2 E
= 80/20 = 4 A. Energy in inductor LI I
2 Z
4 4 2 5 5
I r.m.s 2 2 2.828 A. I
2 2 2
R2 L
2
1 4 50 2 4
99. (b)
100. (b) The phase difference is given by 5 5
1 200
2 200
XL 3
tan = = 1
R 3 1 5 5
Energy 2 2
= 6.33 × 10–5 joules
2 200 200
.
4 200 2
107. (d) Vrms = 200V
101. (a) If = 50 × 2 then L = 20 2
If = 100 × 2 then L = 40 200
Current flowing in the coil is V 1
Irms = rms
200 200 200
XC 100 10 6
I
Z R ( L) 2
(30)2 (40) 2
= 2 × 10–2 = 20mA

I = 4A. E E0
108. (b) E C C
102. (a) The charging of inductance given by, XC 2

Rt 200
I 120 240V 20 10 3 amp.
i i0 1 e L 100
109. (d) Impedence of a capacitor is XC = 1/ C

Rt Rt 1 1 5000
i0 1 XC 6
.
i 0 (1 e L ) e L 2 fC 2 50 2 10
2 2
110. (a) Given : Supply voltage (Vac) = 200 V
Taking log on both the sides, Inductive reactance (XL) = 50 W
Capacitive reactance (XC) = 50 W
Rt
log 1 log 2 Ohmic resistance (R) = 10 W.
L
We know that impedance of the LCR circuit
( Z )
3
L 300 10
t = log 2 0.69 t = 0.1 sec.
R 2 = {(X L X C ) 2 R 2 } {(50 50) 2 (10) 2 } 10

103. (a) XL L 2 nL 111. (c)

when L is removed from the circuit
XL 22 7 R
L H 0.0175H XC
2 n 2 22 200 tan /3
R 3
104. (b) 105. (c) Z1
XC
ALTERNATING CURRENT 365
117. (a) For series R – C circuit, capacitive reactance,
XC R tan ....(1)
3 2
1
when C is remove from the circuit Zc = R2
C
XL Z2
tan
R 3 XL Xc = 1/c
/3
XC R tan ...(2) R
3 R
C
net impedence Z = R 2 (X L X C )2 R
~
R AC Source
power factor cos = 1
Z
112. (d) Since the phase difference between L & C is V V
net voltage difference across LC 50 50 Current i = =
0 Zc 2
1
R2
2 C
2 1
113. (c) Z R L
C
V 1
Vc = iXc =
Here R = 100 W, L = 0.5 henry, C = 10 × 106 farad 1
2 C
= 2 p = 100 . R2
C
114. (d) For resonant frequency to remain same
LC constant V
Vc =
LC = constant (RC )2 1
As, C 4C
If we fill a di-electric material like mica instead of air
L then capacitance C Vc
L
4 So, Va > Vb
118. (d)
15 100
115. (b) I(0) 0.1A
0.15 103 Pure resistor L-R series circuit

I( )=0 R R L
–t
I (t) = [I (0) – I ( )] e L / R i( ) V V
Vs V
–t R
I(t) = 0.1 e L / R Phasor diagram
0.1 e L
R
0.15 1000
I(t) = 0.1 e 0.03 0.67mA
R
116. (c) Applying Kirchhoff's law of voltage in closed loop XL cos
Z Z
VR
–VR –VC = 0 1
VC
Z = impedance
VR
For pure resistor circuit, power
A C R
V2
P V 2 PR
R
L VL
For L-R series circuit, power
B 2
V2 V2 R PR R
P1 cos . .R P
Z Z Z Z2 Z
 366 ALTERNATING CURRENT
119. (b)
1 1
f0 or f0
V 100 2 LC C
120. (c) Across resistor, I = 0.1 A
R 1000
When the capacitance of the circuit is made 4 times,
At resonance,
its resonant frequency become f 0'
1 1
XL XC 2500
C 200 2 10 6
f0' C f0
Voltage across L is or f 0'
f0 4C 2
I XL 0.1 2500 250 V
126. (c) We know that power consumed in a.c. circuit is given
121. (a) by, P= Erms . Irms cos
122. (a) L = 10 mHz = 10–2 Hz Here, E = E0 sin t
f = 1MHz = 106 Hz
1
f I = I0 sin t
2 LC 2
1
f2 2
which implies that the phase difference,
4 LC

2
12
1 1 10
C 2.5 pF
2 2 2 12 4
4 f L 4 10 10 10 P E rms .Irms .cos =0 cos 0
2 2
123. (d) In LCR series circuit, resonance frequency f0 is given
by 127. (d) The average power in the circuit where cos = power
factory
1 2 1 1 < P > = Vrms × Irms cos
L 2 f0
C LC LC
180
= /3 = phase difference = 60
1 1 3
f0 or f0
2 LC C
1
When the capacitance of the circuit is made 4 times,
2 1
Vrms = volt
its resonant frequency become f 0' 2 2

f0' C f0 1
or f 0'
f0 4C 2 2 1
Irms = A
2 2
1
124. (c) We know that f ,
2 (LC) 1
cos = cos
3 2
when C is doubled, L should be halved so that resonant
frequency remains unchanged. 1 1 1 1
125. (d) In LCR series circuit, resonance frequency f0 is given <P>= W
2 2 2 8
by
128. (d) When capacitance is taken out, the circuit is LR.
1 2 1 1
L 2 f0 L
C LC LC tan
R
ALTERNATING CURRENT 367

1 200 Q02 Q0
L = R tan 200
3 3 or Q2 = or Q =
2 2
Again , when inductor is taken out, the circuit is CR.
Q0
1
Q0 cos t =
tan 2
CR

or t= or t= =
1 1 200 4 4 4 (1/ LC )
R tan 200
c 3 3
LC
=
2 4
1
Now, Z R2 L
C 134. (a) : Here, C 30 F = 30 × 10–6 F,
L = 27 mH = 27 × 10–3 H
129. (d) Power, P r.m.s Vr.m.s cos
1 1 1
In the given problem, the phase difference between = =
LC 3 6 8
27 10 30 10 81 10
voltage and current is p/2. Hence
P r.m.s Vr.m.s cos( / 2) 0. 104
= = 1.1 × 103 rad s–1
9
1
130. (c) P Vr.m.s r.m.s cos V0 0 cos 135. (d)
2
np Ep 1
1 3 136. (b)
100 (100 10 ) cos /3 2.5 W ns Es 25
2
131. (a) The phase angle between voltage V and current I is Es 25E p
/2. Therefore, power factor cos = cos ( /2) = 0. Hence
E S IS
the power consumed is zero. But Es Is E p Ip Ip Ip 50A
Ep
E 2v cos
132. (c) P
Z V2 I1 V2 I 2
137. (d) 0.8 0.8
V1 I2 V1 I1
(240) 2 (0.75) V1 = 220 V, I2 = 2.0 A, V2 = 440 V
P 3000 d Z 14.4
Z
V2 I 2 10 440 2 10
I1 = =5A
1 1 V1 8 220 8
133. (a) As = = or
LC LC 138. (b)

1 Q02 Es ns ns
Maximum energy stored in capacitor = 139. (a) or E s Ep
2 C Ep np np

Let at any instant t, the energy be stored equally

200
between electric and magnetic field. Then energy Es 120 240 V
100
stored in electric field at instant t is

2 ns np 100
1 Q2 1 1 Q0 p
or Is = 10 = 5 amp
s p
2 C 2 2 C s np ns 200
 368 ALTERNATING CURRENT

145. (d) Power in primary of transformer is

s
np 80 20
140. (c) ; or p 4 amp. PP = Vp.IP = 220 × 0.5
p ns p 1
= 110 W
But power in secondary of transformer is
Es s 110 9 Ps = 100 W
141. (c) 0.9 100% 90%
Ep p 220 5
100
= 0.9 = 90%
142. (b) Power of source = EI = 240 × 0.7 = 166 110

140 Vs Is Vs (6)
Efficiency 83.3% 0.9
166 146. (b) Efficiency =
Vp Ip 3 103

Pi 4000 Vs = 450 V
143. (d) As E p p Pi p 40 A.
Ep 100 As VpIp = 3000 so

144. (a) NP = 400, NS = 2000 and VS = 1000 V. 3000 3000

Ip = A 15A
Vp 200
VP NP VS N P 1000 400
of, VP 200V.
VS NS NS 2000