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Important Mcqs and Viva Points

The document discusses important MCQs, VIVA points, and clinical topics related to the structure and function of the heart. It covers the anatomy of the heart chambers and valves, cardiac cycle, coronary arteries, innervation, and common cardiac conditions like angina and myocardial infarction.

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Waqar Ul Haq
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© © All Rights Reserved
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65 views7 pages

Important Mcqs and Viva Points

The document discusses important MCQs, VIVA points, and clinical topics related to the structure and function of the heart. It covers the anatomy of the heart chambers and valves, cardiac cycle, coronary arteries, innervation, and common cardiac conditions like angina and myocardial infarction.

Uploaded by

Waqar Ul Haq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Important MCQs and VIVA Points

 The synchronous pumping actions of the heart’s two


atrioventricular (AV) pumps (right and left chambers) constitute
the cardiac cycle
 Endocardium, a thin internal layer (endothelium and
subendothelial connective tissue) or lining membrane of the
heart that also covers its valves
 Myocardium, a thick, helical middle layer composed of cardiac
muscle
 Epicardium, a thin external layer (mesothelium) formed by the
visceral layer of serous pericardium
 When the ventricles contract, they produce a wringing motion
because of the double helical orientation of the cardiac muscle
fibers
 The cardiac muscle fibers are anchored to the fibrous skeleton of
the heart
 Externally, the atria are demarcated from the ventricles by the
coronary sulcus

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 The smooth and rough parts of the atrial wall are separated
externally by a shallow vertical groove, the sulcus terminalis or
terminal groove and internally by a vertical ridge, the crista
terminalis or terminal crest
 The IVC opens into the inferior part of the right atrium almost in
line with the SVC at approximately the level of the 5th costal
cartilage
 oval fossa (L. fossa ovalis), is a remnant of the oval foramen
 Superiorly right ventricle tapers into an arterial cone, the conus
arteriosus (infundibulum)
 The bases of the valve cusps are attached to the fibrous ring
around the orifice
 The septomarginal trabecula (moderator band) is a curved
muscular bundle that traverses the right ventricular
 The pulmonary valve at the apex of the conus arteriosus is at the
level of the left 3rd costal cartilage
 the left ventricle performs more work than the right ventricle
 The semilunar aortic valve, between the left ventricle and the
ascending aorta, is obliquely placed
 Semilunar cusps do not have tendinous cords to support them
 the force exerted on semilunar valves is less than half that
exerted on the cusps of the tricuspid and mitral valves
 The edge of each cusp is thickened in the region of contact,
forming the lunule
 The mouth of the right coronary artery is in the right aortic sinus
 no artery arises from the posterior aortic (non-coronary) sinus

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 The heart is supplied by autonomic nerve fibers from the cardiac
plexus
 Cardiac plexus is most commonly described as lying on the
anterior surface of the bifurcation of the trachea
 Sympathetic stimulation causes increased heart rate, impulse
conduction, force of contraction, and, at the same time, increased
blood flow Through the coronary vessels to support the
increased activity
 Most adrenergic receptors on coronary blood vessels are b2-
receptors, which, when activated, cause relaxation (or perhaps
inhibition) of vascular smooth muscle and, therefore, dilation of
the arteries
 The parasympathetic supply is from presynaptic fibers of the
vagus nerves
 Cardiac percussion is performed at the 3rd, 4th, and 5th
intercostal spaces from the left anterior axillary line to the right
anterior axillary line
 Occlusion of an artery supplying the brain results in a stroke or
cerebrovascular accident (CVA), which may affect vision,
cognition, or the motor function of parts of the body previously
controlled by the now-damaged (ischemic) area of the brain
 The anginal pain is the result of ischemia of the myocardium that
falls short of inducing the cellular necrosis that defines infarction
 Most often, angina results from narrowed coronary arteries
 Anginal pain is relieved by a period of rest (1–2 min are often
adequate)

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 Sublingual nitroglycerin (medication placed or sprayed under the
tongue for absorption through the oral mucosa) may be
administered because it dilates the coronary (and other) arteries
 the pain resulting from the infarction does not disappear after 1–
2 min of rest
 Intravascular stents are composed of rigid or semirigid tubular
meshes, collapsed during introduction
 Pacemakers produce electrical impulses that initiate ventricular
contractions at a predetermined rate

IMP SEQ’S
 Fibrous skeleton
 External features of heart
 Features of left atrium
 Cardiac catheterization
 Septal defects
 Valvular heart disease
 Angina pectoris
 Restarting heart
 Fibrillation and defibrillation of heart
IMP UQ ’S
 features of right atrium
 features of right ventricle
 features of left ventricle
 arterial supply of heart (most imp)
 venous drainage of heart

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 stimulating and conducting system of heart
 innervation of heart
 myocardial infarction
 coronary atherosclerosis
 coronary bypass graft
 cardiac referred pain
 cardiac dominance from BD chaurassia
IMP FIGURES FROM KLM ,BD AND ATLAS
 Fig 1.52 klm
 Fig 1.53 klm
 Fig 1.54 klm
 Fig 1.55 klm
 Fig 1.56 klm
 Fig 1.57 klm
 Fig 1.59 klm
 Fig 1.61 klm
 Fig 1.62 klm
 Plates 208-224 from netter atlas
IMP CLINICALS
 Cardiac catheterization
 Septal defects
 Valvular heart disease
 Angina pectoris
 Restarting heart
 Fibrillation and defibrillation of heart
 myocardial infarction

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 coronary atherosclerosis
 coronary bypass graft
 cardiac referred pain
 cardiac dominance from BD chaurassia

Copyright: Medical Globe 2020

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