See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/317062323

The Minkowski's inequality by means of a generalized fractional integral

Article  in  AIMS Mathematics · May 2017

DOI: 10.3934/Math.2018.1.131

CITATIONS READS
26 632

2 authors:

Jose Vanterler Edmundo Capelas de Oliveira

Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC) University of Campinas
107 PUBLICATIONS   1,719 CITATIONS    65 PUBLICATIONS   1,513 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

Special Issue "Functional Analysis, Fractional Operators and Symmetry/Asymmetry" View project

Fractional differential equations: existence, uniqueness, Ulam-Hyers stability, atrativity, continuous data dependence. View project

All content following this page was uploaded by Jose Vanterler on 11 September 2017.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 THE MINKOWSKI’S INEQUALITY BY MEANS OF A GENERALIZED
FRACTIONAL INTEGRAL

J. VANTERLER DA C. SOUSA1 AND E. CAPELAS DE OLIVEIRA1

Abstract. We use the definition of a fractional integral, recently proposed by Katugam-

pola, to establish a generalization of the reverse Minkowski’s inequality. We show two new
theorems associated with this inequality, as well as state and show other inequalities related
to this fractional operator.

Keywords: Minkowski’s inequality, Generalized fractional integral.

MSC 2010 subject classifications. 26A33; 26A39; 26A42.

1. Introduction

Studies involving integral inequalities are important in several areas of science: mathematics,
physics, engineering, among others, in particular we mention: initial value problem, linear
transformation stability, integral-differential equations, and impulse equations [1, 2].
The space of p-integrable functions Lp (a, b) play a relevant role in the study of inequalities
involving integrals and sums. Further, it is possible to extend this space of p-integrable
functions, to the space of the measurable Lebesgue functions, denoted by Xcp (a, b), in which
the space Lp (a, b) is contained [3]. Thus, new results involving integral inequalities have
been possible and consequently, some applications have been made [1, 2]. We mention few
of them, the inequalities of: Minkowski, Hlder, Hardy, Hermite-Hadamard, Jensen, among
others [4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10].
On the other hand, non-integer order calculus, usually referred to as fractional calculus,
is used to generalizes of integrals and derivatives, in particular integrals involving inequal-
ities. There are many definitions of fractional integrals, for example: Riemann-Liouville,
Hadamard, Liouville, Weyl, Erdryi-Kober and Katugampola [3, 11, 12, 13]. Recently, Khalil
et al. [14] and Adeljawad [15], introduced the local conformable fractional integrals and
derivatives. From such fractional integrals, one obtains generalizations of the inequalities:
Hadamard, Hermite-Hadamard, Opial, Gruss, Ostrowski, among others [16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
21, 22].
Recently, Katugampola [23] proposed a fractional integral unifying other well known ones:
Riemann-Liouville, Hadamard, Weyl, Liouville and Erdlyi-Kober. Motivated by this formu-
lation, we present a generalization of the reverse Minkowski’s inequality [24, 25, 26], using the

1
2 J. VANTERLER DA C. SOUSA1 AND E. CAPELAS DE OLIVEIRA1

fractional integral introduced by Katugampola. We point out that studies in this direction,
involving fractional integrals, are growing in several branches of mathematics [18, 27, 28].
The work is organized as follows: In section 2, we present the definition of the fractional
integral, as well as its particular cases. We present the main theorems involving the reverse
Minkowski’s inequality, as well as the suitable spaces for such definitions. In section 3, our
main result, we propose the reverse Minkowski’s inequality using the fractional integral. In
section 4, we discuss other inequalities involving this fractional integral. Concluding remarks
close the article.

2. Prelimiaries

In this section, we present the reverse Minkowski’s inequality theorem associated with
the classical Riemann integral and its respective generalization via Riemann-Liouville and
Hadamard fractional integrals. In addition, we present the fractional integral introduced by
Katugampola, and we conclude with a theorem in order to recover particular cases.
Erhan et al. [5] address the inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard and reverse Minkowski for two
functions f and g by means of the classical Riemann integral. On the other hand, Lazhar [7]
also proposed a work related to the inequality involving integrals, that is, Hardy’s inequality
and the reverse Minkowski’s inequality. Two theorems below were motivation for the works
performed so far, via the Riemann-Liouville and Hadamard integrals, involving the reverse
Minkowski’s inequality.
Definition 1. The space Xcp (a, b) (c ∈ R, 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞) consists of those complex-valued
Lebesgue measurable functions f on (a, b), for which kf kXcp < ∞ with
Z b 1/p
c p dx
kf kXcp = |x f (x)| (1 ≤ p < ∞)
a x
and
kf kXc∞ = sup essx∈(a,b) [xc |f (x)|].

In particular, when c = 1/p the space Xcp (a, b) coincides with the space Lp (a, b) [3].
Z b
p
Theorem 1. Let f, g ∈ L (a, b) be two positive functions, with 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞, 0 < f p (t) dt <
Z b a
f (t)
∞ and 0 < g p (t) dt < ∞. If 0 < m ≤ ≤ M , for m, M ∈ R∗+ and ∀t ∈ [a, b], then
a g (t)
Z b  p1 Z b  p1 Z b  p1
(2.1) f p (t) dt + g p (t) dt ≤ c1 (f p + g p ) (t) dt ,
a a a
M (m + 1) + (M + 1)
with c1 = [5].
(m + 1) (M + 1)
 THE MINKOWSKI’S INEQUALITY BY MEANS OF A GENERALIZED FRACTIONAL INTEGRAL 3

Z b
p
Theorem 2. Let f, g ∈ L (a, b) be two positive functions, with 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞, 0 < f p (t) dt <
Z b a
f (t)
∞ and 0 < g p (t) dt < ∞. If 0 < m ≤ ≤ M , for m, M ∈ R∗+ and ∀t ∈ [a, b], then
a g (t)
Z b  p2 Z b  p2 Z b  p1 Z b  p1
p p p p
(2.2) f (t) dt + g (t) dx ≥ c2 f (t) dx g (t) dx ,
a a a a

(M + 1) (m + 1)
with c2 = − 2 [5].
M

We present the definitions of the fractional integrals that will be useful in the development of
the article: Riemann-Liouville fractional integral, Hadamard integral, Erdlyi-Kober integral,
Katugampola integral, Weyl integral and Liouville integral.
Definition 2. Let [a, b] (−∞ < a < b < ∞) be a finite interval on the real-axis R. The
Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals (left-sided and right-sided) of order α ∈ C, Re(α) > 0,
are defined by
Z x
α 1 f (t)
(2.3) Ja+ f (x) := dt, x > a
Γ (α) a (x − t)1−α
and
Z b
1 f (t)
(2.4) Jbα− f (x) := dt, x < b,
Γ (α) x (t − x)1−α
respectively [3, 12].
Definition 3. Let (a, b) (0 ≤ a < b < ∞) be a finite or infinite interval on the half-axis R+ .
The Hadamard fractional integrals (left-sided and right-sided) of order α ∈ C, Re(α) > 0 of
a real function f ∈ Lp (a, b) are defined by
Z x
α 1 x α−1 f (t)
(2.5) Ha+ f (x) := log dt, a < x < b
Γ (α) a t t
and
Z b α−1
1 t f (t)
(2.6) Hbα− f (x) := log dtα, a < x < b,
Γ (α) x x t
respectively [3, 12].
Definition 4. Let (a, b) (−∞ ≤ a < b ≤ ∞) be a finite or infinite interval or half-
axis R+ . Also let Re(α) > 0, σ > 0 and η ∈ C. The Erdlyi-Kober fractional integrals
(left-sided and right-sided) of order α ∈ C of a real function f ∈ Lp (a, b) are defined by
σx−σ(α+η) x tσ(η+1)−1
Z
α
(2.7) Ia+ ,σ,η f (x) := f (t) dt, 0 ≤ a < x < b ≤ ∞
Γ (α) σ σ 1−α
a (x − t )
4 J. VANTERLER DA C. SOUSA1 AND E. CAPELAS DE OLIVEIRA1

and
b
σxση tσ(1−η−α)−1
Z
(2.8) Ibα− ,σ,η f (x) := f (t) dt, 0 ≤ a < x < b ≤ ∞,
Γ (α) x (tσ − xσ )1−α
respectively [3, 12].
Definition 5. Let [a, b] ⊂ R be a finite interval. Then the Katugampola fractional integrals
(left-sided and right-sided) of order α ∈ C, ρ > 0, Re(α) > 0 of a real function f ∈ Xcp (a, b)
are defined by
ρ1−α x tρ−1
Z
ρ α
(2.9) Ia+ f (x) := f (t) dt, x > a
Γ (α) a (xρ − tρ )1−α
and
b
ρ1−α tρ−1
Z
ρ α
(2.10) Ib− f (x) := f (t) dt, x < b,
Γ (α) x (tρ − xρ )1−α
respectively [13].
Definition 6. The Weyl fractional integrals of order α ∈ C, Re(α) > 0 of a real function f
locally integrated into (−∞, ∞) being −∞ ≤ x ≤ ∞ are defined by
Z x
α α 1 f (t)
(2.11) x W∞ =x I∞ f (x) := dt
Γ (α) −∞ (x − t)1−α
and
Z ∞
α 1 f (t)
(2.12) −∞ Wx =−∞ Ixα f (x) := dt,
Γ (α) x (t − x)1−α
respectively [29].
Definition 7. Let a continuous function by parts in R = (−∞, ∞). The Liouville fractional
integrals (left-sided and right-sided) of order α ∈ C, Re(α) > 0 of a real function f , are
defined by
Z x
α 1 f (t)
(2.13) I+ f (x) := dt
Γ (α) −∞ (x − t)1−α
and
Z ∞
1 f (t)
(2.14) I−α f (x) := dt,
Γ (α) x (t − x)1−α
respectively [3, 12].

Zoubir [25] established the reverse Minkowski’s inequality and another result that refers
to the inequality via Riemann-Liouville fractional integral according to the following two
theorems.
 THE MINKOWSKI’S INEQUALITY BY MEANS OF A GENERALIZED FRACTIONAL INTEGRAL 5

Theorem 3. Let α > 0, p ≥ 1 and f, g two positive functions in [0, ∞), such that ∀x > 0,
f (t)
J α f p (x) < ∞ and J α g p (x) < ∞. If 0 < m ≤ ≤ M , for m, M ∈ R∗+ and ∀t ∈ [0, x],
g (t)
then
1 1 1
(2.15) (J α f p (x)) p + (J α g p (x)) p ≤ c1 (J α (f + g)p (x)) p ,
M (m + 1) + (M + 1)
where c1 = [25].
(m + 1) (M + 1)
Theorem 4. Let α > 0, p ≥ 1 and f, g two positive functions in [0, ∞), such that ∀x > 0,
f (t)
J α f p (x) < ∞ and J α g p (x) < ∞. If 0 < m ≤ ≤ M , for m, M ∈ R∗+ e ∀t ∈ [0, x], then
g (t)
2 2 1 1
(2.16) (J α f p (x)) p + (J α g p (x)) p ≥ c2 (J α f p (x)) p (J α g p (x)) p ,
(M + 1) (m + 1)
where c2 = − 2 [25].
M

In 2014, Chinchane et al. [26] and Sabrina et al. [30] also established the reverse Minkowski’s
inequality via Hadamard fractional integral as in two theorems below.
Theorem 5. Let α > 0, p ≥ 1 and f, g two positive functions in [0, ∞), such that ∀x > 0,
f (t)
H1α f p (x) < ∞ and H1α g p (x) < ∞. If 0 < m ≤ ≤ M , for m, M ∈ R∗+ e ∀t ∈ [0, x],
g (t)
then
1 1 1
(2.17) (H1α f p (x)) p + (H1α g p (x)) p ≤ c1 (H1α (f + g)p (x)) p ,
M (m + 1) + (M + 1)
where c1 = [26, 30].
(m + 1) (M + 1)
Theorem 6. Let α > 0, p ≥ 1 and f, g two positive functions in [0, ∞), such that ∀x > 0,
f (t)
H1α f p (x) < ∞ and H1α g p (x) < ∞. If 0 < m ≤ ≤ M , for m, M ∈ R∗+ e ∀t ∈ [0, x],
g (t)
then
2 2 1 1
(2.18) (H1α f p (x)) p + (H1α g p (x)) p ≥ c2 (H1α f p (x)) p (H1α g p (x)) p
(M + 1) (m + 1)
where c2 = − 2 [26, 30].
M

In 2014 Chinchane et al. [31] and recently Chinchane [32], established the reverse Minkowski’s
inequality via fractional integral of Saigo and the k-fractional integral, respectively.
In 2017, Katugampola [23] introduced a fractional integral that unifies the six fractional
integrals above mentioned. Finally, we introduce this integral and with a theorem we study
their respective particular cases.
6 J. VANTERLER DA C. SOUSA1 AND E. CAPELAS DE OLIVEIRA1

Definition 8. Let ϕ ∈ Xcp (a, b), α > 0 and β, ρ, η, κ ∈ R. Then, the fractional integrals of a
function f , left and right, are given by
ρ1−β xκ x τ ρ(η+1)−1
Z
ρ α,β
(2.19) Ia+,η,κ ϕ (x) := ϕ (τ ) dτ, 0 ≤ a < x < b ≤ ∞
Γ (α) a (xρ − τ ρ )1−α
and
b
ρ1−β xρη τ κ+ρ−1
Z
ρ α,β
(2.20) Ib−,η,κ ϕ (x) := ϕ (τ ) dτ, 0 ≤ a < x < b ≤ ∞
Γ (α) x (τ ρ − xρ )1−α
respectively, if integrals exist [23].

From now on, let’s work only with the integral on the left, Eq.(2.19), because with the right
integral we have a similar treatment.
Theorem 7. Let α > 0 and β, ρ, η, κ ∈ R. Then for f ∈ Xcp (a, b), with a < x < b, we have
[23]:

(1) For κ = 0, η = 0 and the limit ρ → 1, at Eq.(2.19), we get the Riemann-Liouville

fractional integral, i.e; Eq.(2.3).
(2) With β = α, κ = 0, η = 0, we take the limit ρ → 0+ and using the `’Hospital role,
at Eq.(2.19), we get the Hadamard fractional integral, i.e; Eq.(2.5).
(3) In the case β = 0 and κ = −ρ(α+η), at Eq.(2.19), we get the Erdlyi-Kober fractional
integral, i.e; Eq.(2.7).
(4) For β = α, κ = 0 and η = 0, at Eq.(2.19), we get Katugampola fractional integral,
i.e; Eq.(2.9).
(5) With κ = 0, η = 0, a = −∞ and take the limit ρ → 1, at Eq.(2.19), we get Weyl
fractional integral, i.e; Eq.(2.11).
(6) With κ = 0, η = 0, a = 0 and take the limit ρ → 1, at Eq.(2.19), we get Liouville
fractional integral, i.e; Eq.(2.13).

3. Reverse Minkowski fractional integral inequality

In this section, our main contribution, we establish and prove the reverse Minkowski’s in-
equality via generalized fractional integral Eq.(2.19) and a theorem that refers to the reverse
Minkowski’s inequality.
Theorem 8. Let α > 0, ρ, η, κ, β ∈ R and p ≥ 1. Let f, g ∈ Xcp (a, x) two positive functions in
α,β α,β f (t)
[0, ∞), such that ∀x > a, ρ Ia+,η,κ f p (x) < ∞ and ρ Ia+,η,κ g p (x) < ∞. If 0 < m ≤ ≤ M,
g (t)
for m, M ∈ R∗+ and ∀t ∈ [a, x], then
  p1   p1   p1
ρ α,β p ρ α,β p ρ α,β p
(3.1) Ia+,η,κ f (x) + Ia+,η,κ g (x) ≤ c1 Ia+,η,κ (f + g) (x) ,
 THE MINKOWSKI’S INEQUALITY BY MEANS OF A GENERALIZED FRACTIONAL INTEGRAL 7

M (m + 1) + (M + 1)
with c1 = .
(m + 1) (M + 1)

f (t)
Proof. Using the condition ≤ M , t ∈ [a, x], we can write
g (t)
f (t) ≤ M (f (t) + g (t)) − M f (t) ,
which implies,
(3.2) (M + 1)p f p (t) ≤ M p (f (t) + g (t))p .

ρ1−β xκ tρ(η+1)−1
Multiplying by both sides of Eq.(3.2) and integrating with respect to the
Γ (α) (xρ − tρ )1−α
variable t, we have
(3.3)
(M + 1)p ρ1−β xκ x tρ(η+1)−1 M p ρ1−β xκ x tρ(η+1)−1
Z Z
p p
1−α f (t) dt ≤ 1−α (f + g) (t) dt.
Γ (α) ρ
a (x − t )
ρ Γ (α) ρ
a (x − t )
ρ

Consequently, we can write

  p1 M ρ α,β  p1
ρ α,β p p
(3.4) Ia+,η,κ f (x) ≤ Ia+,η,κ (f + g) (x) .
M +1

On the other hand, as mg (t) ≤ f (t), follow

 p  p
1 1
(3.5) 1+ p
g (t) ≤ (f (t) + g (t))p .
m m

ρ1−β xκ tρ(η+1)−1
Further, multiplying by both sides of Eq.(3.5) and integrating with respect
Γ (α) (xρ − tρ )1−α
to the variable t, we have
  p1 1 ρ α,β  p1
(3.6) ρ α,β
Ia+,η,κ g p (t) ≤ Ia+,η,κ (f + g)p (t) .
m+1

From Eq.(3.4) and Eq.(3.6), the result follows.

Eq.(3.1) is the so-called reverse Minkowski’s inequality associated with the Katugampola
fractional integral.
Theorem 9. Let α > 0, ρ, η, κ, β ∈ R and p ≥ 1. Let f, g ∈ Xcp (a, x) be two positive
α,β α,β
functions in [0, ∞), such that ∀x > a, ρ Ia+,η,κ f p (x) < ∞ and ρ Ia+,η,κ g p (x) < ∞. If
8 J. VANTERLER DA C. SOUSA1 AND E. CAPELAS DE OLIVEIRA1

f (t)
0<m≤ ≤ M , for m, M ∈ R∗+ and ∀t ∈ [a, x], then
g (t)
  p2   p2   p1   p1
ρ α,β p ρ α,β p ρ α,β p ρ α,β p
(3.7) Ia+,η,κ f (x) + Ia+,η,κ g (x) ≥ c2 Ia+,η,κ f (x) Ia+,η,κ g (x)

(M + 1) (m + 1)
with c2 = − 2.
M

Proof. Carrying out the product between Eq.(3.4) and Eq.(3.6), we have
(M + 1) (m + 1) ρ α,β  p1   p1   p2
p ρ α,β p ρ α,β p
(3.8) Ia+,η,κ f (x) Ia+,η,κ g (x) ≤ Ia+,η,κ (f + g) (x) .
M

Using the Minkowski’s inequality, on the right side of Eq.(3.8), we have

(M + 1) (m + 1) ρ α,β  p1   p1
p ρ α,β p
(3.9) Ia+,η,κ f (x) Ia+,η,κ g (x)
M
  p1   p1 2
ρ α,β p ρ α,β p
≤ Ia+,η,κ f (x) + Ia+,η,κ g (x) .

So, from Eq.(3.9), we conclude that


(M + 1) (m + 1)
  p1   p1
ρ α,β p ρ α,β p
−2 Ia+,η,κ f (x) Ia+,η,κ g (x)
M
  p2   p2
α,β α,β
≤ ρ Ia+,η,κ f p (x) + ρ Ia+,η,κ g p (x) .

Note that, if β = α, κ = 0, η = 0 and the limit ρ → 1, in Eq.(2.19), we recover Riemann-

Liouville fractional integral, Eq.(2.3). In this sense, choosing a+ = 0, and substituting in
Theorem 8 and Theorem 9, we obtain, as particular cases, the respective Theorem 3 and
Theorem 4, which correspond to the inequality via Riemann-Liouville fractional integral.
On the other hand, if β = α, κ = 0, η = 0, and the limit ρ → 0+ and using the `’Hospital
rule, in Eq.(2.19), we obtain the Hadamard fractional integral, Eq.(2.5). Similarly, choosing
a = 1 and substituting in Theorem 8 and Theorem 9, we obtain, as particular cases, the
Theorem 5 and Theorem 6, respectively.

4. Other fractional integral inequalities

In this section we generalize the results discussed by Chinchane [32], Sulaiman [33] and
Sroysang [34] on the reverse Minkowski’s inequality via Riemann integral, using the fractional
integral proposed by Katugampola [23].
 THE MINKOWSKI’S INEQUALITY BY MEANS OF A GENERALIZED FRACTIONAL INTEGRAL 9

Theorem 10. Let α > 0, ρ, η, κ, β ∈ R, p ≥ 1 and p1 + 1q = 1. Let f, g ∈ Xcp (a, x) be two

α,β α,β
positive functions in [0, ∞), such that ∀x > a, ρ Ia+,η,κ f (x) < ∞ and ρ Ia+,η,κ g (x) < ∞. If
f (t)
0<m≤ ≤ M , for m, M ∈ R∗+ and ∀t ∈ [a, x], then
g (t)
  p1   1q  M  pq1  1 1

ρ α,β ρ α,β ρ α,β
(4.1) Ia+,η,κ f (x) Ia+,η,κ g (x) ≤ Ia+,η,κ f (x) g (x) .
p q
m

f (t)
Proof. Using the condition ≤ M , t ∈ [a, x] with x > a, we have
g (t)
1 1 1
(4.2) f (t) ≤ M g (t) ⇒ g q (t) ≥ M − q f q (t) .

1
Multiplying by f p (t) both sides of Eq.(4.2), we can rewrite it as follows
1 1 1
(4.3) f p (t) g q (t) ≥ M − q f (t) .

ρ1−β xκ tρ(η+1)−1
Now, multiplying by both sides of Eq.(4.3) and integrating with respect
Γ (α) (xρ − tρ )1−α
to the variable t, we have
Z x 1−β κ ρ(η+1)−1 Z x 1−β κ ρ(η+1)−1
ρ x t − 1q ρ x t 1 1
(4.4) 1−α M f (t) dt ≤ 1−α f p (t) g q (t) dt.
ρ ρ ρ ρ
a Γ (α) (x − t ) a Γ (α) (x − t )

So, the inequality follows

1
  p1  1 1
 p1
(4.5) M − pq ρ α,β
Ia+,η,κ f (x) ≤ ρ α,β
Ia+,η,κ f p (x) g q (x) .

On the order hand, we have

1 1 1
(4.6) m p g p (t) ≤ f p (t) , x > a.

1
1 1
Multiplying by g q (t) both sides of Eq.(4.6) and using the relation p
+ q
= 1, we have
1 1 1
(4.7) m p g (t) ≤ f p (t) g q (t) .

ρ1−β xκ tρ(η+1)−1
Multiplying by both sides of Eq.(4.7) and integrating with respect to the
Γ (α) (xρ − tρ )1−α
variable t, we have
1
  1q  1 1
 1q
ρ α,β ρ α,β
(4.8) m pq Ia+,η,κ g (x) ≤ Ia+,η,κ f (x) g (x) .
p q
10 J. VANTERLER DA C. SOUSA1 AND E. CAPELAS DE OLIVEIRA1

Evaluating the product between Eq.(4.5) and Eq.(4.8) and using the relation p1 + 1
q
= 1, we
conclude that
  p1   1q  M  pq1  1 1
 p1
ρ α,β ρ α,β ρ α,β
Ia+,η,κ f (x) Ia+,η,κ g (x) ≤ Ia+,η,κ f (x) g (x) .
p q
m

Theorem 11. Let α > 0, ρ, η, κ, β ∈ R, p ≥ 1 and p1 + 1q = 1. Let f, g ∈ Xcp (a, x) be

α,β α,β
two positive functions in [0, ∞), such that ∀x > a, ρ Ia+,η,κ f p (x) < ∞, ρ Ia+,η,κ f q (x) < ∞,
ρ α,β α,β f (t)
Ia+,η,κ g p (x) < ∞ and ρ Ia+,η,κ g q (x) < ∞. If 0 < m ≤ ≤ M , for m, M ∈ R∗+ and
g (t)
∀t ∈ [a, x], then
   
ρ α,β ρ α,β p p ρ α,β q q
(4.9) Ia+,η,κ f (x) g (x) ≤ c3 Ia+,η,κ (f + g ) (x) + c4 Ia+,η,κ (f + g ) (x) ,

2p−1 M p 2p−1
with c3 = and c 4 = .
p (M + 1)p q (m + 1)q

Proof. Using the hypothesis, we have the following identity

(4.10) (M + 1)p f p (t) ≤ M p (f + g)p (t) .

ρ1−β xκ tρ(η+1)−1
Multiplying by both sides of Eq.(4.10) and integrating with respect to the
Γ (α) (xρ − tρ )1−α
variable t, we get
Z x 1−β κ ρ(η+1)−1 Z x 1−β κ ρ(η+1)−1
ρ x t p p ρ x t p p
ρ ρ 1−α (M + 1) f (t) dt ≤ ρ ρ 1−α M (f + g) (t) dt.
a Γ (α) (x − t ) a Γ (α) (x − t )

In this way, we have

Mp
(4.11) ρ α,β
Ia+,η,κ f p (x) ≤ ρ α,β
I (f + g)p (x) .
(M + 1)p a+,η,κ

f (t)
On the other hand, as 0 < m < g(t)
, t ∈ (a, x), we have

(4.12) (m + 1)q g q (t) ≤ (f + g)q (t) .

ρ1−β xκ tρ(η+1)−1
Again, multiplying by both sides of Eq.(4.12) and integrating with respect
Γ (α) (xρ − tρ )1−α
to the variable t, we get
ρ α,β 1 ρ α,β q
(4.13) Ia+,η,κ g q (x) ≤ q Ia+,η,κ (f + g) (x) .
(m + 1)
 THE MINKOWSKI’S INEQUALITY BY MEANS OF A GENERALIZED FRACTIONAL INTEGRAL 11

Considering Young’s inequality, [35]

f p (t) g q (t)
(4.14) f (t) g (t) ≤ + ,
p q
ρ1−β xκ tρ(η+1)−1
multiplying by both sides of Eq.(4.14) and integrating with respect to the
Γ (α) (xρ − tρ )1−α
variable t, we have
ρ α,β 1 ρ α,β  1
ρ α,β

(4.15) Ia+,η,κ (f g) (x) ≤ Ia+,η,κ f p (x) + Ia+,η,κ g q (x) .
p q

Thus, using Eq.(4.11), Eq.(4.13) and Eq.(4.15), we get

ρ α,β 1 ρ α,β  1
ρ α,β

Ia+,η,κ (f g) (x) ≤ Ia+,η,κ f p (x) + Ia+,η,κ g q (x)
p q
   
α,β α,β
≤ ρ Ia+,η,κ f p (x) + ρ Ia+,η,κ g q (x)
Mp 
ρ α,β p

≤ I (f + g) (x)
p (M + 1)p a+,η,κ

1 
ρ α,β q

(4.16) + I (f + g) (x) .
q (m + 1)q a+,η,κ

Using the following inequality, (a + b)r ≤ 2p−1 (ar + br ), r > 1, a, b ≥ 0, we get

(4.17) ρ α,β
Ia+,η,κ (f + g)p (x) ≤ 2p−1ρ Ia+,η,κ
α,β
(f p + g p ) (x)
and
(4.18) ρ
Ia+, η, κα,β (f + g)q (x) ≤ 2q−1ρ Ia+,η,κ
α,β
(f q + g q ) (x) .

Thus, replacing Eq.(4.17) and Eq.(4.18) at Eq.(4.16), we conclude that

ρ α,β 2p−1 M p ρ α,β p p

 2q−1 
ρ α,β q q

Ia+,η,κ (f g) (x) ≤ Ia+,η,κ (f + g ) (x) + Ia+,η,κ (f + g ) (x) .
p (M + 1)p q (m + 1)q

Theorem 12. Let α > 0, ρ, η, κ, β ∈ R and p ≥ 1. Let f, g ∈ Xcp (a, x) be two positive
α,β α,β
functions in [0, ∞), such that ∀x > a, ρ Ia+,η,κ f p (x) < ∞ and ρ Ia+,η,κ g p (x) < ∞. If
f (t)
0<m≤ ≤ M , for m, M ∈ R∗+ and ∀t ∈ [a, x], then
g (t)
M + 1 ρ α,β  p1   p1   p1
ρ α,β p ρ α,β p
Ia+,η,κ (f (x) − cg (x)) ≤ Ia+,η,κ f (x) + Ia+,η,κ g (x)
M −c
m + 1 ρ α,β  p1
(4.19) ≤ Ia+,η,κ (f (x) − cg (x))
m−c
12 J. VANTERLER DA C. SOUSA1 AND E. CAPELAS DE OLIVEIRA1

Proof. By hypothesis 0 < c < m ≤ M , so

mc ≤ M c ⇒ mc + m ≤ mc + M ≤ M c + M ⇒ (M + 1) (m − c) ≤ (m + 1) (M − c) .

Thus, we conclude that

M +1 m+1
≤ .
M −c m−c

Also, we have
f (t) − cg (t)
m−c≤ ≤M −c
g (t)
which implies,
(f (t) − cg (t))p p (f (t) − cg (t))p
(4.20) ≤ g (t) ≤ .
(M − c)p (m − c)p

Again, we have
1 g (t) 1 m−c f (t) − cg (t) M −c
≤ ≤ ⇒ ≤ ≤ ,
M f (t) m cm cf (t) cM
which implies,
 p  p
M p m
(4.21) p
(f (t) − cg (t)) ≤ f (t) ≤ (f (t) − cg (t))p .
M −c m−c

ρ1−β xκ tρ(η+1)−1
Multiplying by both sides of Eq.(4.20) and integrating with respect to the
Γ (α) (xρ − tρ )1−α
variable t, we have

(f (t) − cg (t))p
Z x 1−β κ ρ(η+1)−1 Z x 1−β κ ρ(η+1)−1
ρ x t ρ x t p
1−α p dt ≤ 1−α g (t) dt
ρ
a Γ (α) (x − t )
ρ (M − c) ρ
a Γ (α) (x − t )
ρ

(f (t) − cg (t))p
Z x 1−β κ ρ(η+1)−1
ρ x t
≤ dt.
ρ
a Γ (α) (x − t )
ρ 1−α (m − c)p

In this way, we obtain

1 ρ α,β 1   p1
p p ρ α,β p
(4.22) Ia+,η,κ (f (x) − cg (x)) ≤ Ia+,η,κ g (x)
M −c
1 ρ α,β  p1
≤ Ia+,η,κ (f (x) − cg (x))p .
m−c
 THE MINKOWSKI’S INEQUALITY BY MEANS OF A GENERALIZED FRACTIONAL INTEGRAL 13

Realizing the same procedure as in Eq.(4.21), we have

M ρ α,β  p1   p1
(4.23) Ia+,η,κ (f (x) − cg (x))p α,β
≤ ρ Ia+,η,κ f p (x)
M −c
m ρ α,β 1
p p
≤ Ia+,η,κ (f (x) − cg (x)) .
m−c

Adding Eq.(4.22) and Eq.(4.23), we conclude that

M + 1 ρ α,β 1   p1   p1
p p ρ α,β p ρ α,β p
Ia+,η,κ (f (x) − cg (x)) ≤ Ia+,η,κ f (x) + Ia+,η,κ g (x)
M −c
m + 1 ρ α,β 1
p p
≤ Ia+,η,κ (f (x) − cg (x)) .
m−c

Theorem 13. Let α > 0, ρ, η, κ, β ∈ R and p ≥ 1. Let f, g ∈ Xcp (a, x) be two positive
α,β α,β
functions in [0, ∞), such that ∀x > a, ρ Ia+,η,κ f p (x) < ∞ and ρ Ia+,η,κ g p (x) < ∞. If
0 ≤ a ≤ f (t) ≤ A and 0 ≤ b ≤ g(t) ≤ B, ∀t ∈ [a, x], then
  p1   p1   p1
ρ α,β p ρ α,β p ρ α,β p
(4.24) Ia+,η,κ f (x) + Ia+,η,κ g (x) ≤ c5 Ia+,η,κ (f + g) (x) ,

A (a + B) + B (A + b)
with c5 = .
(A + b) (a + B)

Proof. By hypothesis, it follows that

1 1 1
(4.25) ≤ ≤ .
B g (t) b

Realizing the product between Eq.(4.25) and 0 < a ≤ f (t) ≤ A, we have

a f (t) A
(4.26) ≤ ≤ .
B g (t) b

From Eq.(4.26), we get

 p
B
(4.27) p
g (t) ≤ (f (t) + g (t))p
a+B
and
 p
A
(4.28) p
f (t) ≤ (f (t) + g (t))p .
b+A
14 J. VANTERLER DA C. SOUSA1 AND E. CAPELAS DE OLIVEIRA1

ρ1−β xκ tρ(η+1)−1
Multiplying by both sides of Eq.(4.27) and integrating with respect to the
Γ (α) (xρ − tρ )1−α
variable t, we have
Z x 1−β κ ρ(η+1)−1 Z x 1−β κ ρ(η+1)−1  p
ρ x t ρ x t B
p
1−α g (t) dt ≤ 1−α (f (t) + g (t))p dt.
ρ
a Γ (α) (x − t )
ρ ρ
a Γ (α) (x − t )
ρ a+B

Thus, it follows that

  p1 B ρ α,β  p1
(4.29) ρ α,β
Ia+,η,κ g p (x) ≤ Ia+,η,κ (f + g)p (x) .
a+B

Similarly, we performe the calculations for Eq.(4.28), we get

  p1 A ρ α,β  p1
ρ α,β p p
(4.30) Ia+,η,κ f (x) ≤ Ia+,η,κ (f + g) (x) .
b+A

Adding Eq.(4.29) and Eq.(4.30), we conclude that

  p1   p1 A (a + B) + B (b + A) ρ α,β  p1
ρ α,β p ρ α,β p p
Ia+,η,κ f (x) + Ia+,η,κ g (x) ≤ Ia+,η,κ (f + g) (x) .
(a + B) (b + A)

Theorem 14. Let α > 0 and ρ, η, κ, β ∈ R. Let f, g ∈ Xcp (a, x) be two positive functions in
α,β α,β f (t)
[0, ∞), such that ∀x > a, ρ Ia+,η,κ f (x) < ∞ and ρ Ia+,η,κ g (x) < ∞. If 0 < m ≤ ≤ M,
g (t)
for m, M ∈ R∗+ and ∀t ∈ [a, x], then
1 ρ α,β  1  
Ia+,η,κ f (x) g (x) ≤ Ia+,η,κ (f + g)2 (x)
ρ α,β
M (m + 1) (M + 1)
1 ρ α,β 
(4.31) ≤ Ia+,η,κ f (x) g (x) .
m

f (t)
Proof. Being 0 < m ≤ ≤ M , ∀t ∈ [a, x], we have
g (t)
(4.32) g (t) (m + 1) ≤ g (t) + f (t) ≤ g (t) (M + 1) .

1 g (t) 1
Also, it follows that ≤ ≤ , which implies,
M f (t) m
   
M +1 m+1
(4.33) g (t) ≤ g (t) + f (t) ≤ g (t) .
M m

Evaluating the product between Eq.(4.32) and Eq.(4.33), we have

f (t) g (t) (g (t) + f (t))2 f (t) g (t)
(4.34) ≤ ≤ .
M (m + 1) (M + 1) m
 THE MINKOWSKI’S INEQUALITY BY MEANS OF A GENERALIZED FRACTIONAL INTEGRAL 15

ρ1−β xκ tρ(η+1)−1
Multiplying by both sides of Eq.(4.34) and integrating with respect to the
Γ (α) (xρ − tρ )1−α
variable t, we have
ρ1−β xκ x tρ(η+1)−1 ρ1−β xκ x tρ(η+1)−1
Z Z
2
1−α f (t) g (t) dt ≤ c6 1−α (g (t) + f (t)) dt
M Γ (α) a (x − t )
ρ ρ Γ (α) a (x − t )
ρ ρ

ρ1−β xκ x tρ(η+1)−1
Z
≤ f (t) g (t) dt,
mΓ (α) a (xρ − tρ )1−α
1
with c6 = .
(m + 1) (M + 1)
Thus, we conclude that
1 ρ α,β  1  
Ia+,η,κ f (x) g (x) ≤ Ia+,η,κ (g (x) + f (x))2
ρ α,β
M (m + 1) (M + 1)
1 ρ α,β 
≤ Ia+,η,κ f (x) g (x) .
m

Theorem 15. Let α > 0, ρ, η, κ, β ∈ R and p ≥ 1. Let f, g ∈ Xcp (a, x) be two positive
α,β α,β
functions in [0, ∞), such that ∀x > a, ρ Ia+,η,κ f p (x) < ∞ and ρ Ia+,η,κ g p (x) < ∞. If
f (t)
0<m≤ ≤ M , for m, M ∈ R∗+ and ∀t ∈ [a, x], then
g (t)
  p1   p1   p1
ρ α,β α,β α,β
Ia+,η,κ f p (x) + ρ Ia+,η,κ g p (x) ≤ 2 ρ Ia+,η,κ hp (f (x) , g (x)) ,
    
M (m + M ) g (x) − f (x)
with h (f (x) , g (x)) = max M + 1 f (x) − M g (x) , .
m m

f (t)
Proof. From the hypothesis, 0 < m ≤ ≤ M , ∀t ∈ [a, x], we have
g (t)
f (t)
(4.35) 0<m≤M +m−
g (t)
and
f (t)
(4.36) M +m− ≤ M.
g (t)

Thus, using Eq.(4.35) and Eq.(4.36), we get

(M + m) g (t) − f (t)
(4.37) g (t) < ≤ h (f (t) , g (t)) ,
m
n   (M +m)g(t)−f (t) o
M


where h (f (t) , g (t)) = max M m + 1 f (t) − M g (t) , m
.
16 J. VANTERLER DA C. SOUSA1 AND E. CAPELAS DE OLIVEIRA1

1 g (t) 1
Using the hypothesis, it follows that 0 < ≤ ≤ . In this way, we obtain
M f (t) m
1 1 1 g (t)
(4.38) ≤ + −
M M m f (t)
and
1 1 g (t) 1
(4.39) + − ≤ .
M m f (t) m

Then, from Eq.(4.38) and Eq.(4.39), we have

1
+ M1 f (t) − g (t)


1 m 1
≤ ≤ ,
M f (t) m

which can be rewrite as

 
1 1
f (t) ≤ M + f (t) − M g (t)
m M
M (M + m) f (t) − M 2 mg (t)
=
  Mm
M
= + 1 f (t) − M g (t)
m
  
M
≤ M + 1 f (t) − M g (t)
m
(4.40) ≤ h (f (t) , g (t)) .

Thus, using Eq.(4.37) and Eq.(4.40), we can write

(4.41) f p (t) ≤ hp (f (t) , g (t))
and
(4.42) g p (t) ≤ hp (f (t) , g (t)) .

ρ1−α xκ tρ(η+1)−1
Multiplying by both sides of Eq.(4.41) and integrating with respect to the
Γ (α) (xρ − tρ )1−α
variable t, we have
Z x 1−α κ ρ(η+1)−1 Z x 1−α κ ρ(η+1)−1
ρ x t p ρ x t p
ρ ρ 1−α f (t) dt ≤ ρ ρ 1−α h (f (t) , g (t)) dt.
a Γ (α) (x − t ) a Γ (α) (x − t )

In this way, we obtain

  p1   p1
ρ α,β p ρ α,β p
(4.43) Ia+,η,κ f (x) ≤ Ia+,η,κ h (f (x) , g (x)) .
 THE MINKOWSKI’S INEQUALITY BY MEANS OF A GENERALIZED FRACTIONAL INTEGRAL 17

Using the same procedure as above, for Eq.(4.42), we have

  p1   p1
ρ α,β α,β
(4.44) Ia+,η,κ g p (x) ≤ ρ Ia+,η,κ hp (f (x) , g (x)) .

Thus, using Eq.(4.43) and Eq.(4.44), we conclude that

  p1   p1   p1
ρ α,β p ρ α,β p ρ α,β p
Ia+,η,κ f (x) + Ia+,η,κ g (x) ≤ 2 Ia+,η,κ h (f (x) , g (x)) .

Using Eq.(2.19) and Theorem 7 with the convenient conditions for each respective fractional
integral, we have the previous theorems, that is, Theorem 10 to Theorem 15 introduced and
demonstrated above, contain as particular cases, each result involving the following fractional
integrals: Riemann-Liouville, Hadamard, Liouville, Weyl, Edrlyi-Kober, and Katugampola.

5. Concluding remarks

After a brief introduction to the fractional integral, proposed by Katugampola and frac-
tional integrals in the sense of Riemann-Liouville and Hadamard, we generalize the reverse
Minkowski’s inequality obtaining, as a particular case, the inequality involving the frac-
tional integral in the Riemann-Liouville sense and Hadamard sense [23]. We also show other
inequalities using the Katugampola fractional integral. The application of this fractional in-
tegral can be used to generalize several inequalities, among them, we mention the Gruss-type
inequality, recently introduced and proved [36]. A continuation of this work, with this for-
mulation of fractional integral, consists in generalize the inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard
and Hermite-Hadamard-Fjer. Moreover, we will discuss inequalities via M -fractional integral
according to [37].

References
[1] C. Bandle and A. Gilányi and L. Losonczi and Z. Páles and M. Plum, Inequalities and Applica-
tions: Conference on Inequalities and Applications, Noszvaj (Hungary), September 2007, Springer
Science&Business Media, 157, (2008).
[2] D. D. Bainov and P. S. Simeonov, Integral Inequalities and Applications, Springer Science&Business
Media, 57, (2013).
[3] A. A. Kilbas and H. M. Srivastava and J. J. Trujillo, Theory and Applications of Fractional Differential
Equations. North-Holland Mathematics Studies, Elsevier, Amsterdam. 207, (2006).
[4] O. Hutnı́k, On Hadamard type inequalities for generalized weighted quasi-arithmetic means. J. Inequal.
Pure and Appl. Math., 7, 1–10, (2006).
[5] E. Set and M. Ö zdemir and S. Dragomir, On the Hermite-Hadamard inequality and other integral
inequalities involving two functions. J. Inequal. and Appl., 2010, (148102), (2010).
[6] W. Szeligowska and M. Kaluszka, On Jensen’s inequality for generalized Choquet integral with an appli-
cation to risk aversion. eprint arXiv:1609.00554, (2016).
18 J. VANTERLER DA C. SOUSA1 AND E. CAPELAS DE OLIVEIRA1

[7] L. Bougoffa, On Minkowski and Hardy integral inequalities. J. Inequal. Pure and Appl. Math., 7, 1–3,
(2006).
[8] O. Hutnı́k, Some integral inequalities of Hölder and Minkowski type. Colloquium Mathematicum, 108,
247–261, (2007).
[9] P. R. Beesack, Hardys inequality and its extensions. Pacific J. Math., 11, 39–61, (1961).
[10] J. A. Oguntuase and C. O. Imoru, New generalizations of Hardy’s integral inequality. J. Math. Anal.
and Appl., 241, 73–82, (2000).
[11] R. Herrmann, Fractional calculus: An Introduction for Physicists, World Scientific Publishing Company,
Singapore. (2011).
[12] I. Podlubny, Fractional Differential Equation, Mathematics in Science and Engineering, Academic Press,
San Diego. 198, (1999).
[13] U. N. Katugampola, A new approach to generalized fractional derivatives. Bull. Math. Anal. Appl., 6,
1–15, (2014).
[14] R. Khalil and M. Al Horani and A. Yousef and M. Sababheh, A new definition of fractional derivative.
J. Comput. and Appl. Math., 264, 65–70, (2014).
[15] T. Abdeljawad, On conformable fractional calculus. J. Comput. and Appl. Math., 279, 57–66, (2015).
[16] M. Bohner and T. Matthews, The Grüss inequality on time scales. Commun. Math. Anal., 3, 1–8,
(2007).
[17] D. R. Anderson, Taylors Formula and Integral Inequalities for Conformable Fractional Derivatives.
Contr. Math. and Eng., 2014, 25–43, (2016).
[18] E. Set and İ. İşcan and M. Z. Sarikaya and M. E. Özdemir, On new inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard-
Fejér type for convex functions via fractional integrals. Appl. Math. and Comput., 259, 875–881, (2015).
[19] F. Chen, Extensions of the Herminte-Hadamard inequality for convex functions via fractional integrals.
J. Math. Inequal., 10, 75–81, (2016).
[20] J. Wang and X. Li and M. Fekan and Y. Zhou, Hermite-Hadamard-type inequalities for Riemann-
Liouville fractional integrals via two kinds of convexity. Appl. Anal., 92, 2241–2253, (2013).
[21] M. Z. Sarikaya and H. Budak, New inequalities of Opial type for conformable fractional integrals. Turk.
J. Math., 1–10, (2016).
[22] H. Chen and U. N. Katugampola, Hermite-Hadamard and Hermite-Hadamard-Fejér type inequalities
for generalized fractional integrals. J. Math. Anal. and Appl., 446, 1274–1291, (2013).
[23] U. N. Katugampola, New fractional integral unifying six existing fractional integrals.
arxiv.org/abs/1612.08596, (2016).
[24] E. Set and M. Özdemir and S. Dragomir, On the Hermite-Hadamard Inequality and Other Integral
Inequalities Involving Two Functions. J. Inequal. Appl., 2010, 9 pages,(2010).
[25] Z. Dahmani, On Minkowski and Hermite-Hadamard integral inequalities via fractional integration. Ann.
Funct. Anal., 1, 51–58, (2010).
[26] V. L. Chinchane and D. B. Pachpatte, New fractional inequalities via Hadamard fractional integral.
Internat. J. Func. Anal., 5, 165–176, (2013).
[27] S. S. Dragomir, Hermite-Hadamards type inequalities for operator convex functions. Appl. Math. and
Comput., 218, 766–772, (2011).
[28] H. Yildirim and Z. Kirtay, Ostrowski inequality for generalized fractional integral and related inequalities.
Malaya J. of Matematik, 2, 322–329, (2014).
[29] R. F. Camargo and E. Capelas de Oliveira, Fractional Calculus (In Portuguese), Editora Livraria da
Fsica, So Paulo. (2015).
[30] S. Taf and K. Brahim, Some new results using Hadamard fractional integral. Int. J. Nonlinear Anal.
Appl., 2, 24–42, (2015).
[31] V. L. Chinchane and D. B. Pachpatte, New fractional inequalities involving Saigo fractional integral
operator. Math. Sci. Lett., 3, 133–139, (2014).
 THE MINKOWSKI’S INEQUALITY BY MEANS OF A GENERALIZED FRACTIONAL INTEGRAL 19

[32] V. L. Chinchane, New approach to Minkowski fractional inequalities using generalized k-fractional inte-
gral operator. arXiv:1702.05234, (2017).
[33] W. T. Sulaiman, Reverses of Minkowskis, Hölders, and Hardys integral inequalities. Int. J. Mod. Math.
Sci., 1, 14–24, (2012).
[34] B. Sroysang, More on Reverses of Minkowskis Integral Inequality. Math. Aeterna, 3, 597–600, (2013).
[35] E. Kreyszig, Introductory Functional Analysis with Applications, Wiley, New York 1, (1989).
[36] J. Vanterler da C. Sousa and D. S. Oliveira and E. Capelas de Oliveira, Gruss-type inequality by mean
of a fractional integral. submitted, (2017).
[37] J. Vanterler da C. Sousa and E. Capelas de Oliveira, A new truncated M -fractional derivative unifying
some fractional derivatives with classical properties. submitted, (2017).

1
Department of Applied Mathematics, Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Scientific
Computation, University of Campinas – UNICAMP, rua Sérgio Buarque de Holanda 651,
13083–859, Campinas SP, Brazil
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

View publication stats