COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Building System Design Activity Manual

ACTIVITY NO. 6: Financial Report

1.1. Program Outcomes (POs) Addressed by the Activity

a) ability to function on multidisciplinary teams
b) ability to communicate effectively

1.2. Activity Intended Learning Outcomes (AILOs)

At the end of the activity, the students shall be able to:
a) Familiarize the estimating methods in building design
b) Identify costing of materials and construction projects
c) Specify life-cycle cost

1.3. Aims of the Activity

The aim of this activity is to be able to orient students with estimates and costing of building
construction and materials.

1.4. Principle of the Activity

Research on the following topics to familiarize yourself with the background of the activity:
a) Building Estimates
b) Materials Take-Off
c) Costing in Construction
d) Life-Cycle Cost

1.5. Procedures/Instruction
The activity comprises of the following steps:
A. Building Estimates
1. Estimate the materials needed for each portion of the project as specified:
a. Structural
b. Architectural
c. Lighting & Electrical
d. Mechanical
e. Plumbing
2. Summarize the estimate for each segment.
B. Costing
1. Create a financial report of the costing for each portion of the project as specified:
a. Structural
b. Architectural
c. Lighting & Electrical
d. Mechanical
e. Plumbing
2. Summarize the cost for each segment and the overall costing of the whole project
 C. Life-cycle Costing
1. Apply Life-Cycle Costing for the whole project.

1.6. Data and Discussion

1.6.1. Principle of the Activity
a) Building Estimates
An estimate for any construction work may be defined as the process of
calculating the quantities and costs of the various items required in connection with
the work. In the construction industry, it is typically used in relation to the
approximate costs associated with a construction project, used, for example, to
assess the viability or affordability of the project or aspects of it.
Building estimate is an attempt to predict the likely expenditures associated
with a project as accurately as possible. The degree of detail and the accuracy of
estimates will typically increase as the project progresses, more decisions have been
made, and more information is available, however, their true accuracy only
becomes apparent once the project is complete and the actual costs incurred. At the
outset, it may be made to help determine whether a project is affordable and to set a
budget. They will then be used to test design options to ensure they are in line with
the budget.
A good cost estimate prevents the builder from losing money and helps the
customer avoid overpaying. It’s a core component of earned value management, a
project management technique that tracks a project’s performance against the total
time and cost estimate.
Before the start of any work for its execution, the owner of the builder
should have a thorough knowledge of the volume of work. The minutest details can
help him understand if the work can be completed within the stipulated time frame
and budget. It also enables him to understand the probable cost that may be incurred
to complete the proposed work. Therefore, it is necessary to list the probable costs
or develop an estimate for the proposed work from its plans and specifications.
An estimate is prepared by calculating the quantities from the drawings for
various items and multiplying them with the unit cost of the item concerned. To
prepare an estimate one requires :
● Drawing - The drawing is the basis from which quantities of various items
for a work are calculated. The drawings consist of the plan, the elevations, and the
sections through important points.
● Specifications -
❖ General Specification - The general specification forms the general idea for
the project. In this, the nature and class of work and the names of materials
that should be used are described.
❖ Detailed Specification - Detailed specification describes every item of work
in the estimate. This specification of work serves as a guide to execute the
work to the owner's satisfaction.
● Rates - Rates for different items of works are vital factors to determine the
estimated cost.
● Standing circulars for taxes and insurance etc. are required to fix up rates
 of those items which are not in the schedule of rates.

Purpose of Estimation

Estimate for a work or project is necessary mainly for the following purposes:

1. To ascertain the necessary amount of money required by the owner to complete

the proposed project. For public construction works, estimates are required in
order to obtain administrative approval, allotment of funds, and technical
sanctions.
2. Ascertain quantities of materials required to program their timely procurement.
3. Calculate the number of workers that are to be employed to complete the work
within the scheduled time of completion.
4. Assess the requirements of tools and equipment required to complete the work
according to the program.
5. Fix up the completion period from the volume of works involved in the
estimate.
6. Draw up a construction schedule and program.
7. Justify the investment from the benefit-cost ratio.
8. Invite tenders and prepare bills for payment.
9. An estimation for an existing property is required for valuation.

b) Materials Take-Off
A construction takeoff is also commonly referred to as a material takeoff
(MTO), or construction material take-off. The phrase “take-off” refers to the
estimator taking each of the required materials off a project’s blueprint. At a basic
level, a material takeoff seeks to provide two types of information. First, a material
takeoff is intended to provide a comprehensive list of materials required to complete
a construction project. Second, a material takeoff provides detailed cost estimates
for each material required for a project. These cost estimates are combined into a
total material cost for the project. The total material cost for the project is usually
adjusted before a final material takeoff is produced. This allows the individual or
organization preparing the material takeoff to account for anticipated fluctuations in
material prices that may affect total construction costs.
Construction takeoffs help accurately assess the total costs for a project by
providing a comprehensive list of materials and associated costs. They are
necessary for nearly all construction projects, including anything from relatively
simple renovations to large-scale projects. It can be time-consuming, so minimizing
the amount of time you spend creating one will result in more time for bidding on
new opportunities. Moreover, it lets you arrange the needed labor and get a different
kind of manpower for the installation of different kinds of materials. Since take-off
also contains the weight of the material, it lets the constructor look for and get
sufficient weight-carrying machinery.
What information is included in a material takeoff?
● Material Quantities
One of the primary purposes of a material takeoff is to provide a
detailed list of materials necessary to complete a construction project.
Depending on the scale of the project and its complexity, the list of materials
can be relatively short or very long. In order to prepare a material takeoff,
the estimator or contractor must first determine exactly what materials are
required to complete a project. This information will be pulled directly from
blueprints, architectural drawings, or project plans. The individual or team
preparing the estimate will consult the specifications provided by the project
engineer and architect to compile a list of necessary materials. For projects
where a subcontractor is preparing a material takeoff, they may refer to their
own project notes to determine what materials are required.
A material takeoff seeks to provide a comprehensive list of materials
for a project, as well as their associated quantities. Material takeoffs are used
as a reference to understand exactly what materials must be ordered for a
construction project, thus determining the quantities of materials accurately
is crucial. The way that materials are assigned a quantity in a material
takeoff depends on the type of material.
This list is made after looking at the blueprint of the building or the
initial design. There are various material takeoff templates/formats that are
followed by contractors to prepare bids for the tenders. In the quantity
take-off following attributes of the material are included:
a) Quantity of Material: Material take-off includes the amount of
material needed for the complete construction.
b) Types of Material: The list contains every kind of material for
example wood, steel, concrete etc. needed for the building.
c) Weight of Material: It sometimes also has the weight of material like
steel etc.. This is necessary for the builders and the company to
know since it helps them pre-plan the methods of carrying things for
building.
● Material Costs
The second type of information that a material takeoff provides is a
breakdown of material costs. Depending on how the construction material
takeoff is prepared, determining construction material costs can be very
time-consuming. Essentially, this aspect of the material takeoff requires the
person preparing the estimate to apply an estimated cost to each type of
material required for the project. Once an itemized breakdown of the
material costs has been formed, the estimator will then determine a total
material cost for the project.
Arriving at a total material cost for a project requires good judgment,
critical thinking skills, and a broad knowledge of trends that affect material
prices in the construction industry. Most material takeoffs include a manual
markup for certain material costs. The purpose of raising material costs for
certain materials isn’t necessarily to increase profits, but rather is used as a
way for the contractor or estimator to ensure that a project remains
profitable. This is because material prices can increase over the time
between when a bid is submitted and materials are actually ordered.
Marking up certain material costs can ensure that even if material costs rise,
the project will remain profitable.
 Assigning material costs to each specific material can be quite time
consuming depending on how it is done and the scope of the project. In a
situation where a subcontractor is familiar with the prices associated with
the materials they require, this process can be relatively straightforward.
However, for large projects, or projects in a different location, the material
takeoff preparer will need to secure bids for certain materials or raw material
costs from a source that provides location-specific material costs.

c) Costing in Construction
Construction costs form part of the overall costs incurred during the
development of a built asset such as a building. Very broadly, construction costs
will be those costs incurred by the actual construction works themselves, and on
some projects may be determined by the value of the contract with the main
contractor. However, the construction contract may include costs that might not in
themselves be considered literal construction costs (hard costs), such as fees,
profits, overheads, and so on.
Many projects will also include costs that it is not possible to determine
when the construction contract is awarded (such as prime cost sums and provisional
sums), and there may be construction works that are awarded by the client outside
of the main contract (such as fitting out the interior, minor alterations to the
completed works, installation of equipment, and so on).In addition, the contract is
likely to allow for the contract sum to be adjusted as a result, for example, of
variations to the works, claims for loss and expense, or fluctuations (a way of
dealing with inflation on large projects that may last for several years). It is because
of these unknowns that clients are advised to hold a contingency.
As a result, what is considered the actual 'construction cost' of a project must
be clearly defined and may not be finally determined until well after the actual
construction works have been completed. This is true, even if a contract is described
as having a 'fixed price' or 'guaranteed maximum price'.

d) Life-Cycle Cost
Life cycle cost in construction projects is a process of economic decision
analysis, which helps taking decisions on investments in new construction. These
decisions on investments are analyzed for the payback over the life of the
investment. This method is also known as a life cycle costing technique in the
construction industry. The life cycle costing technique helps to reduce the overall
cost of a project by selecting best alternative designs and components to minimize
the cost not only at the time of construction, but also over the full life of the project.
The life cycle costing simply does not consider the least cost of construction, but it
considers a mechanism to determine which alternatives offer the largest economic
advantage by considering costs and benefits that occur throughout the life of the
project from initial concept of project to its construction and its useful life to the
time it is ready for replacement. It helps the project designers to select the best
alternative for the given project.
 The aim for life cycle costing is to present the owner of the project with
maximum benefit when all the costs are accounted for by analyzing the alternative
designs and components. In this process, the costs are analyzed with the benefit in
the future. For example, how the cost of extra expenditure on a particular
component can benefit the project owner now or the investment shall be carried out
only in future for that component. What will be the best alternative for that
component now or in the future? Life cycle costing provides a framework for
making analysis of costs and benefits based on time value of money. This helps the
analysts to compare and select from alternatives that have different spans and
diverse cost and benefit profiles.
1.6.2. Design Attachments/Illustrations (See attached)

Attachment 1: Building Estimates

DESCRIPTION UNIT QUANTITY

PRELIMINARIES
Building Permit l.s 1.00
Demobilization l.s 1.00
Mobilization l.s 1.00
Occupancy Permit l.s 1.00
Plan and Drawings l.s 1.00
Temporary Facilities (Bunk House and Storage) l.s 1.00
Utilities (Electrical/Water/Communication) l.s 1.00

SITEWORKS
Backfilling and Compaction cu.m. 140.00
Disposal of Debris lot 1.00
Earthfill and Compaction cu.m. 78.00
Excavation cu.m. 155.00
Gravel Bedding cu.m. 14.00
Layout Staking l.s 1.00
Soil Poisoning sq.m. 263.00

CONCRETE WORKS
Beam and Tie beam cu.m. 83.00
Column cu.m. 35.00
Column Footing cu.m. 44.00
Concrete Topping cu.m. 53.00
Lintel Beam cu.m. 7.20
Planted column cu.m. 3.70
Septic tank cu.m. 9.50
Slab on grade cu.m. 38.00
Stairs cu.m. 22.00
Suspended Slabs cu.m. 93.00
Wall Footings cu.m. 7.00

REINFORCING BARS
Beams and FTB kgs. 17, 350.00
 Column kgs. 6,111.00
Column Footing kgs. 1,750.00
Concrete Stairs kgs. 3,500.00
GI wire ga. 16 rolls 20.00
Lintel beam kgs. 280.00
Planted column kgs. 720.00
Septic tank kgs. 582.00
Slab on fill kgs. 1,227.00
Suspended Slab kgs. 14,610.00
Wall Footing kgs. 308.00

FORMWORKS AND SCAFFOLDING

Assorted Nails box 4.00

Phenolic Board pcs. 175.00
Steel scaffolds l.s. 1.00
Tie wire roll 8.00

MASONRY WORKS
CHB laying
Ordinary 6”CHB m^2 1.090.00
Ordinary 4”CHB m^2 595.00
Plastering/Plain cement finish m^2 3,016.00
Tie wire ga. 16 rolls 2.00

CARPENTRY WORKS

Bedroom cabinets units 12.00

Bedroom ceiling/air (gypsum board.) m^2 170.00
Ceiling
Garage ceiling (concrete finish) m^2 216.00
Kitchen cabinets (lower and hanging) units 4.00
Maid’s/Driver room ceiling (gypsum board) m^2 27.00
Living, Dining and Hallways (gypsum board) m^2 120.00
T & B ceiling (moisture resistant gypsum board) m^2 53.00

DOORS & WINDOWS

Doors
D-1 Tanguile solid panel door 1.00m x2.10m sets 1.00
D-2 Tanguile solid panel door, 0.90m x 2.10m sets 3.00
D-3 Hollow core flush door, 0.80m x 2.10m sets 16.00
D-4 PVC door plain 0.80m x 2.10m sets 5.00
D-5 PVC door w/ louver 0.60m x 2.10m sets 1.00
D-6 PVC door plan 0.60 sets 14.00
Windows sets 1.00

STEEL WORKS

Grilles
Steel grating lot 1.00
Window grilles m^2 47.00
Stair railings sets 4.00

TILES
ABC grout kils. 55.00
Accent tiles m^2 43.00
Bedrooms m^2 131.00
Diamond cutter pcs. 11.00
Driveway/Garage m^2 180.00
Floor tiles
Kitchen under counter tile finish m^2 22.00
Kitchen counter granite finish units 4.00
Laundry area m^2 16.00
Living, Dining, & Hallways m^2 105.00
Lounge m^2 9.50
Maid’s./Driver’s room m^2 26.00
Miscellaneous
Roof tiles m^2 184.00
Stair tile finish pcs. 826.00
T&B m^2 35.00
T & B (Maid’s & Driver’s room) m^2 11.00
T & B wall tiles m^2 180.00
Wall tiles

PAINTING
Cabinet & kitchen (duco) units 4.00
Ceiling m^2 820.00
Closets (duco/varnish) units 13.00
Doors m^2 120.00
Grilles lot 1.00
Interior and exterior walls m^2 2,560.00

WATERPROOFING
T&B m^2 42.00
Deck slab m^2 195.00

PLUMBING

Drainage system lot 1.00

Fittings lot 1.00

Floor drain strainer 4”x4” pcs. 30.00

Floor drain strainer 6”x6” pcs. 19.00

Kitchen sink pcs. 4.00

Lavatory pcs. 10.00

Lavatory (Maid’s/Driver’s) pcs. 5.00

Lavatory faucet pcs. 10.00

Lavatory faucet (Maid’s/Driver’s) pcs. 5.00

Plumbing fixtures

Sewer rough in lot 1.00

Sink faucet pcs. 5.00

Shower pcs. 10.00

Water closet pcs. 10.00

Water closet (Maid’s/Driver’s) pcs. 5.00

Water system lot 1.00

Water heater lot 9.00

ELECTRICAL WORKS

Aircon units lot by others

Boxes, Pull Boxes & Gutters

Enclosed Circuit Breakers & ECB’s lot 1.00

 Lighting fixtures lot 1.00

Panel Boards, Circuit Breaker & ECB’s

Pipes, Conduits & Accessories

Switches & outlet

Wires and cables

Summary:

The table also shows what needs to be done prior in constructing the project and it
provides the output information about the quantity of the materials needed for the project. With
many quantities of materials, this will show the quality of the building in terms of its safety and
strong foundations.

Attachment 2: Costing

BILL OF QUANTITIES

Item Description Unit Qty Material Labor Total

Unit Amount Unit Amount

cost cost
1.01 PRELIMINARIES
1.01 Building Permit 1.s. 1.0 180,000
1.02 Demobilization 1.s. 1.0 12,000
1.03 Mobilization 1.s. 1.0 12,000
1.04 Occupancy Permit 1.s. 1.0 120,000
1.05 Plans and Drawing 1.s. 1.0 275,000
1.06 Temporary Facilities 1.s. 1.0 50,000
1.07 Utilities 1.s. 1.0 35.000
Subtotal (PRELIMINARIES) 684,000

2.00 SITEWORKS
2.01 Backfilling and Compaction cu.m. 150.0 190.00 28,500.00 28,500.00
2.02 Disposal of Debris lot 1.0
2.03 Earth fill and Compaction cu.m. 82.0 700.00 57,400.00 350.00 28,700.00 86,100.00
2.04 Excavation cu.m. 160 450.00 72,000.00 72,000.00
2.05 Gravel Bedding cu.m. 16.0 1,450.00 23,200.00 422.00 6,752.00 29,952.00
2.06 Layout Staking 1.s. 1.0 10,000.0 10,000.00 10,000.00
2.07 Soil Poisoning sq.m. 285 55.00 15,675.00 25.00 7,125.00 22,800.00
Subtotal (SITEWORKS) 249,352.00

3.0 REINFORCING BARS

3.01 Beams and FTB kgs. 15,500 51 790,500.00 16 248,000.00 1,038,500.00
3.02 Column kgs. 7,000 51 357,000.00 16 112,000.00 469,000.00
3.03 Column Footing kgs. 1,550 51 79,050.00 16 24,800.00 103,850.00
3.04 Concrete Stairs kgs. 3,750 51 191,250.00 16 60,000.00 251,250.00
3.05 GI wire ga. 16 rolls 30 1,435.00 43,050.00 485 14,550.00 57,600.00
3.06 Lintel Beam kgs. 300 51 15,300.00 16 4,800.00 20,100.00
3.07 Planted Column kgs. 750 51 38,250.00 16 12,000.00 50,250.00
3.08 Septic Tank kgs. 565 51 28,815.00 16 9,040.00 37,855.00
3.09 Slab on fill kgs. 1,330 51 67,830.00 16 21,280.00 89,110.00
3.10 Suspended Slabs kgs. 12,100 51 617,100.00 16 193,600.00 810,700.00
3.11 Wall Footing kgs. 327 51 16,677.00 16 5,232.00 21,909.00
2,950,124.00

4.0 PLUMBING WORKS

4.01 Plumbing Fixtures
Water Closet pcs. 8.00 7,000.00 56,000.00 875.00 7,000.00 63,000.00
Lavatory pcs. 4.00 9,000.00 36,000.00 875.00 3,500.00 39,500.00
Shower pcs. 3.00 5,800.00 17,400.00 875.00 2,625.00 20,025.00
Kitchen Sink pcs. 2.00 12,000.0 24,000.00 875.00 1,750.00 25,750.00
Lavatory Faucet pcs. 4.00 2,350.00 9,400.00 875.00 3,500.00 12,900.00
Sink Faucet pcs. 7.00 3,000.00 21,000.00 875.00 6,125.00 27,125.00
Floor drain strainer (4”x4”) pcs. 16.00 413.00 6,608.00 150.00 2,400.00 9,008.00
Fittings lot 1.00 28,000.00 28,000.00 14,000.00 14,000.00 42,000.00
4.02 Sewer Rough ins lot 1.00 144,000.0 144,000.00 57,700.00 57,700.00 201,700.00
4.03 Drainage System lot 1.00 95,000.00 95,000.00 28,500.00 28,500.00 123,500.00
4.04 Water System lot 1.00 122,000.0 122,000.00 47,500.00 47,500.00 169,500.00
4.05 Water Heater lot 3.00 3,000 9,000.00 9,000.00
594,733.00
5.00 FORMWORKS AND
SCAFFOLDINGS
5.01 Assorted nails box 8.00 2,750.00 22,000.00 750.00 6,000.00 28,000.00
5.02 Phenolic Board pcs. 235.00 1,450.00 340,750.00 750.00 176,250.00 517,000.00
5.03 Steel Scaffolds Ls. 1.00 235,000.00 235,000.00 92,000.00 92,000.00 327,000.00
5.04 Tie Wire roll 12.00 1,650.00 19,800.00 480.00 5,760.00 25,560.00
897,560.00

6.00 MASONRY WORKS

6.01 CHB Laying
Ordinary 6” CHB m^s 1,240.00 535.00 663,400.00 205.00 254,200.00 917,600.00
Ordinary 4” CHB m^s 625.00 480.00 300,000.00 180.00 112,500.00 412,500.00
6.03 Plastering/ Plain Cement Finish m^s 3,200.00 195.00 624,000.00 90.00 288,000.00 912,000.00
6.04 Tie Wire ga. 16 rolls 3.00 1,375.00 4,125.00 380.00 1,140.00 5,265.00
2,247,365.00

7.00 CARPENTRY WORKS

7.01 Ceiling
Garage Ceiling (concrete finish) m^s 225.00 130.00 29,250.00 125.00 28,125.00 57,375.00
Bedroom Ceiling (gypsum brd.) m^s 180.00 475.00 85,500.00 250.00 45,000.00 130,500.00
Living, Dining & Hallways (gypsum m^s 140.00 475.00 66,500.00 250.00 35,000.00 101,500.00
brd.)
T & B Ceiling (moisture resistant brd.) m^s 60.00 570.00 34,200.00 250.00 15,000.00 49,200.00
7.02 Kitchen Cabinets (lower and hanging) units 8.00 14,000.0 112,000.00 8,500.00 68,000.00 180,000.00
7.03 Bedroom cabinet units 16.00 12,500.0 200,000.00 8,500.00 136,000.00 336,000.00
7.04 T & B Cabinets units 6.00 12,500.0 75,000.00 6,500.00 39,000.00 114,000.00
968,575.00

8.00 DOORS & WINDOWS

8.01 Doors sets
D-1 Tangible solid panel door sets 2.00 10,550.00 21,100.00 2,200.00 4,400.00 25,500.00
(1mx2.1m)
D-2 Tangible solid panel door sets 5.00 9,150.00 45,750.00 2,200.00 11,000.00 56,750.00
(0.9mx2.1m)
D-3 Hollow core flush door sets 14.00 3,750.00 52,500.00 2,200.00 30,800.00 83,300.00
(0.8mx2.1m)
D-4 PVC door plain (0.8mx2.1m) sets 6.00 2,750.00 16,500.00 1,700.00 10,200.00 26,700.00
D-5 PVC door w/ louver sets 2.00 2,850.00 5,700.00 1,700.00 3,400.00 9,100.00
 (0.6mx2.1m)
D-6 PVC door plain (0.6m) sets 12.00 2,600.00 31,200.00 1,700.00 20,400.00 51,600.00
8.02 Windows sets 1.00 165,000.00 165,000.00 80,000.00 80,000.00 245,000.00
497,950.00

9.00 STEEL WORKS

9.01 Grilles
Steel Grating lots 1.00 30,000.00 30,000.00 13,000.00 13,000.00 43,000.00
Window Grilles m^2 54.00 1,600.00 86,400.00 800.00 43,200.00 129,600.00
172,600.00

10.00 TILES
10.01 Floor Tiles
Driveway/Garage m^2 50.00 640.00 38,400.00 205.00 10,250.00 48,650.00
Laundry Area m^2 18.00 620.00 11,160.00 205.00 3,690.00 14,850.00
T&B m^2 36.00 645.00 23,220.00 205.00 7,380.00 30,600.00
Bedrooms m^2 140.00 570.00 79,800.00 205.00 28,700.00 108,500.00
Living, Dining & Hallways m^2 100.00 680.00 68,000.00 205.00 20,500.00 88,500.00
Roof Tiles m^2 190.00 260.00 49,400.00 205.00 38,950.00 88,350.00
10.02 Wall Tiles
T & B Wall Tiles m^2 180.00 580.00 104,400.00 215.00 38,700.00 143,100.00
Kitchen under the counter tile finish m^2 28.00 530.00 14,840.00 215.00 6,020.00 20,860.00
10.03 Accent Tiles m^2 46.00 540.00 24,840.00 215.00 9,890.00 34,730.00
10.04 Kitchen counter granite finish untis 6.00 29,500.00 177,000.00 7,500.00 45,000.00 222,000.00
10.05 Diamond Cutter pcs. 13.00 485.00 6,305.00 215.00 2,795.00 9,100.00
10.06 ABC Grout kils 70.00 40.00 2,800.00 35.00 2,450.00 5,250.00
814,490.00

11.00 PAINTING WORKS

11.01 Cabinet & Kitchen units 4.00 12,000.00 48,000.00 8,500.00 34,000.00 82,000.00
11.02 Ceiling m^2 140.00 120.00 16,800.00 100.00 14,000.00 30,800.00
11.03 Closets units 16.00 1,450.00 23,200.00 3,600.00 57,600.00 80,800.00
11.04 Doors units 8.00 450.00 3,600.00 160.00 1,280.00 4,880.00
11.05 Grilles lot 1.00 22,000.00 22,000.00 12,000.00 12,000.00 34,000.00
11.06 Interior & Exterior Walls m^2 240.00 140.00 33,600.00 105.00 25,200.00 58,800.00
291,280.00
12.00 WATERPROOFING
12.01 T&B m^2 46.00 395.00 18,170.00 160.00 7,360.00 25,530.00
12.02 Deck Slab m^2 180.00 395.00 71,100.00 160.00 28,800.00 99,900.00
125,430.00

13.00 ELECTRICAL WORKS

13.01 Lighting Fixtures lot 1.00 owner 30,000.00 30,000.00 30,000.00
13.02 Aircon Units lot -
13.03 Wires & Cables lot 1.00 425,000.00 425,000.00 185,000.00 185,000.00 610,000.00
13.04 Boxes, Pull Boxes & Gutters
13.05 Panel Boards, Circuit Breakers &
ECB’s
13.06 Enclosed Circuit Breakers
13.07 Switches & Outlets
13.08 Pipes, Conduits & Accessories
640,000.00

14.00 MISCELLANEOUS
14.01 Cabinet Handle lot 1.00 7,600.00 7,600.00 3,000.00 3,000.00 10,600.00
14.02 Closet Handle lot 1.00 12,000.00 12,000.00 12,000.00 12,000.00 24,000.00
14.03 Construction tools, service vehicles, lot 1.00 95,000.00 95,000.00 95,000.00
gas etc.
14.04 Concealed hinges lot 1.00 13,500.00 13,500.00 5,750.00 5,750.00 19,250.00
14.05 Cylindrical Locked pcs. 30.00 300.00 9,000.00 135.00 4,050.00 13,050.00
14.06 Dead Bolt pcs. 7.00 850.00 5,950.00 195.00 1,365.00 7,315.00
14.07 Drawer Guide lot 1.00 16,000.00 16,000.00 5,850.00 5,850.00 21,850.00
14.08 Stainless Hanger Rod lot 1.00 14,000.00 14,000.00 5,000.00 5,000.00 19,000.00
210,065.00

MATERIAL AND LABOR COST: Php 10,659,524.00

Summary:
The table presented above is the bill of quantities for the project, it includes the budget and
costing of materials and labor. It is where all the materials are listed, priced, quantified, and budgeted.
The proposed budget for this project is reflected at 10.7 million pesos.
Here are the percentage breakdown of each section from the said budget:
- Preliminaries 6.42%
- Siteworks 2.34 %
- Rebars 27.68%
- Formworks and Scaffolding 8.42%
- Masonry Work 21.08%
 - Carpentry Work 9.09%
- Doors and Windows 4.67%
- Steel Works 1.62%
- Tiles 7.64%
- Painting 2.73%
- Waterproofing 1.18%
- Plumbing 5.58%
- Electrical Works 6.00%
- Miscellaneous 1.97%
As computed from the expenses above, the highest percentage is the rebars section, taking
more than 25% of the budget. And the lowest being the waterproofing of the structure itself. Rebars are
the most expensive ones in the project for the reason that all materials chosen are of high quality and
standard to ensure the safety of our clients and strong foundation of the whole structure.
The table shown above are the budget and costing for the project. It states the budget’s
breakdown; how it will be spent through the material and labor cost. The proposed budget for the
general operations of the project is reflected at 10 million pesos. The section of preliminaries will
obtained 4.08% of the budget site works obtained 1.85% concrete works is 16.69%, rebars are 18.12%,
formworks and scaffolding obtained 4.56%, masonry work is 13.60% , carpentry work is 4.79%, doors
and windows are 2.90% , steel works s 1.90% tiles obtained 7.40%, painting consists of 6.88%,
waterproofing is 0.93%, plumbing is 6.65% electrical works are 6.89% and miscellaneous is 1.90% of
the budget. As it can be seen, the section of the rebars has the most obtained percentage in the budget
because the project consists of rebars as its foundation. The budget recommendations are tied directly
to the vision of building the project with safety measures and strong foundation.

Attachment 3: Life Cycle Cost

Two-Storey House
Useful Life (years) 70
Purchase Price Php 13,200,000.00
Interest Php 18,000,000.00
Replacement Cost Php 8,500,000.00
Resale/Salvage Value Php 11,800,000.00
Disposal Cost Php 4,500,000.00
Energy Cost Php 1,250,000.00
Water Cost Php 83,000.00
Maintenance Php1,900,000.00

Life Cycle Cost Php 59,233,000.00

1.6.3. Observation
● Building Estimates
In this portion, building estimates are used to provide an in-depth
description of the expenditures needed in completing the project. Preliminaries,
materials,labor and works are included in estimates with a breakdown of its quantity
per unit. All of the components are important to compile with a quantity and
information because it will give a big impact to the proposed cost on the
construction project. Estimation is associated with the costing and material takeoff
therefore, it is necessary to create good building estimates to prevent problems in
terms of financial and duration of the project.

● Material Takeoff
As seen in the tables presented above, the comprehensive list of materials
listed are also based on the client's request for specific fixtures especially lighting
and plumbing. Research on materials is necessary to fully utilize its service life and
functionality to maintain all fixtures and materials used at a very low cost and are
easy to maintain. Costs and pricing for materials presented are 5% higher to
anticipate the fluctuations in the market in relation to purchasing needed materials.
The total cost of the whole project accounts for the materials and labor for the entire
project.

● Costing in Construction
Costing is a financial breakdown of the construction project that will be
presented to the clients for the approval or revisions in connection to the proposed
budget. It shows the total cost of the work associated with all the elements required
for the project. This part of the report depends on the current market rates so
adjustments on the budget is evident. Material and equipment should be calculated
precisely since these two are the main components for the construction.
Furthermore, it also provides detailed cost in terms of the
preliminaries,miscellaneous, labor, and works required in the completion of the
project. Based on the costing of the project, all of the amounts in the elements are
justifiable since it is critically calculated and well-detailed with proper research by
the engineers and contractors.

● Life-Cycle Cost
The goal of this analysis is to estimate the overall cost of project options and
then choose the designs that would ensure that the facility has the lowest overall
cost of ownership while maintaining its function and quality. The study should be
done early on so that there is a possibility to refine the design and lower the total
cost of ownership over time. The most difficult task of this research, or any
economic evaluation technique, is to determine the economic effects of different
building systems or building designs and quantify these effects in monetary terms.
The procedure includes estimating the cost of the company's assets over time and
weighing alternatives that affect the cost of ownership.
1.6.4. Conclusion

One of the most crucial parts and earliest stages of the construction project
planning process is making a financial report. Financial report contains the overall
costs, estimates, and quantities needed in the construction project for sections including
the structural, architectural, lighting and electrical, mechanical and plumbing. This
report aims to provide a financial statement detailing all the costs, estimates, labor and
works for the client and engineers to be aware of the quotation and the quality of the
materials which will be used in the project for its safety and strong foundation. In that
way, both parties (engineers and clients) will be on track on the cash flow and the
sudden change of orders if there are any that may arise on the construction stage.
Being able to create a good financial report enables the engineers to stay on
top of labour, supplies and more accurately track cost performance.Inaccurate report
will result in negative consequences such as losing clients due to overestimated project,
unforeseen expenses may result in bankruptcy and project delays because of wrong
calculation. Moreover, it is important for engineers to know how to make this report in
a construction project to give their potential clients an organized, strong, feasible, and
at the same time, budget-friendly proposal .

1.6.5. Documentation
❖ Reference(s):
➔ https://theconstructor.org/construction/estimate/45242/
➔ https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Estimate
➔ https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Estimate
➔ https://www.qtoestimating.com/construction-material-takeoff/
➔ https://proest.com/construction/takeoffs/material-takeoff/
➔ https://proest.com/construction/takeoffs/how-to-do-a-takeoff/
➔ https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Construction_cost