2020 IEEE International Conference on Advances in Electrical Engineering and Computer Applications (AEECA)

High Voltage Generation and Ripple Suppression

Design of 22kV Switching Power Supply

Kou Genqiang Zhang Jinling

Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
Beijing, China Beijing, China
[email protected] [email protected]

Abstract—The high voltage generation mode and ripple boosted to the desired peak through a transformer, the DC
suppression of 100kHz switching power supply are studied in output with lower ripple coefficient can be obtained by
this paper. The structure of the power supply system is rectifier filter. In order to improve the stability of output DC,
designed by the power supply simulation software Simplis, two the output voltage needs to be sampled and amplified and fed
kinds of power supply system structures are built by the single back to the drive circuit of the power switch tube. In addition,
secondary winding transformer and the multiple secondary according to the requirements of system security and energy
windings transformer respectively, and the ripple suppression consumption, the over-current protection, over-voltage
design of their output high voltage is simulated and analyzed.
protection , electromagnetic interference suppression and soft
The simulation results show that the low-pass characteristic of
start circuit should be designed [6]-[9].
RC integrating circuit can be used to filter the high-voltage
ripple, which can effectively suppress the ripple and improve Power High
AC220V Rectifier Rectifier DC
the stability of the power supply. filter
switch frequency
filter output
input tube transformer
Keywords—RC integrating circuit, ripple suppression, high-
voltage switching power supply Modulation
Sampling
drive
amplification
control
I. INTRODUCTION
Fig. 1. Block diagram of the switching power supply.
Overseas, research on switching power supply is
relatively mature [1]-[3]. Since the 1950s, many countries Based on the above basic principle of switching power
have started the study of switching power supply. From the supply, this paper designs two kinds of power supply system
first invention of self-oscillating push-pull transistor single structures with single secondary winding transformer and
transformer DC converter, to the emergence of high multiple secondary windings transformer by using power
frequency power switch tubes such as GTR and IGBT, to the simulation software Simplis, and obtains 22kV high voltage
generation of soft switch technology and power digital output at 100kHz switching frequency. The modulation
control chip, the development in the field of switching power driving control module uses the Pulse Width
supply in foreign countries is very rapid, and many products Modulation(PWM) mode, and the frequency of the
of high-voltage switching power supply have been rectangular wave pulse is 100kHz. The final stage rectifier
commercialized. China started late in the field of high- and filter module combines the method of double voltage
voltage switching power supply, but with the accumulation rectification, so that a higher voltage can be obtained when
of research theories and achievements, Institute of Physics, the number of secondary turns of the transformer is small.
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 38, Chengdu 29, On this basis, the low-pass characteristic of RC integrating
Nanjing 14 and many large enterprises have developed high- circuit is used to filter the output voltage ripple, and the ideal
voltage switching power supply products for special fields simulation results are obtained, which improves the stability
[4]. In recent years, with the deepening of research, a lot of of the power supply.
new products have emerged and are gradually applied in the
fields of industry, agriculture, medical treatment, II. HIGH-VOLTAGE SWITCHING POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM
communication, radar, electronic countermeasures and so on.
STRUCTURE
But on the whole, there are still some deficiencies in the
aspects of voltage level, ripple coefficient and output According to the basic principle of the switching power
accuracy [5]. Therefore, it is the top priority of current work supply shown in Fig. 1, 22kV high-voltage DC is obtained at
to further study the output stability of high-voltage switching the switching frequency of 100kHz. According to the
power supply. number of secondary windings of the transformer, the circuit
structure can be divided into single secondary winding mode
The block diagram of the switching power supply is and multiple secondary windings mode
shown in Fig. 1. The input is AC 220V, and DC of about
300V is generated through the rectifier and filter module,
A. Single Secondary Winding Mode
then the DC of about 300V is transformed into the pulse
voltage of high-frequency rectangular wave through the The power system structure of single secondary winding
high-frequency power switch tube, and it is used as the input mode is shown in Fig. 2. Firstly, after the AC 220V input is
of the primary coil of the high-frequency transformer. After rectified and filtered, DC of about 300V is obtained.
the pulse voltage of high-frequency rectangular wave is Secondly, the low-voltage DC is transformed into the pulse

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voltage of high-frequency rectangular wave through the The simulation result of single secondary winding mode
high-frequency power switch tube. Then, the pulse voltage is is shown in Fig. 3, the ripple simulation result is shown in
used as input of primary coil of transformer, after being Fig. 4. As can be seen in the figures, the output voltage ripple
boosted by the transformer, the secondary coil outputs a is relatively large, approximately equal to 134V, the time
larger pulse voltage of high-frequency rectangular wave. required for the voltage to rise to the half-power point (that is,
After that, 22kV high-voltage DC can be obtained through 4- 1/ 2 of 22kV) of 15.556kV is 45ms. In this way, the circuit
stage voltage doubling rectifier circuit and filter circuit. structure is relatively simple, but the ripple of high voltage is
Finally, in order to stabilize the output voltage, it needs to large, and the turns of transformer secondary coil are
sample at the output and feed back to the PWM control relatively high. If the last-stage filter circuit is replaced by
circuit, the PWM control circuit controls the on-off time of RC integrating circuit, the ripple can be effectively
the switch tube by adjusting the duty cycle of the output suppressed and the power supply stability can be improved.
rectangular wave, so as to realize the purpose of stabilizing
the voltage. B. Multiple Secondary Windings Mode
DC300V 22kV When the number of secondary windings of the
transformer exceeds one, each branch boosts the voltage to a
Rectifier
certain value, and then we can add the voltage together to get
filter a larger voltage. In this paper, a structure with three
secondary windings is adopted, and its structure is shown in
Fig. 5. Firstly, the AC 220V input is rectified and filtered to
AC220V provide DC of about 300V, and this low-voltage DC is
transformed into pulse voltage of high-frequency rectangular
PWM 100kHz wave by high-frequency power switch tube. Secondly, the
pulse voltage is boosted through the transformer and greater
control
AC voltage is obtained in the three secondary windings.
circuit Then the larger DC is obtained through the two-stage voltage
Voltage
feedback doubling rectifier circuit and filtering circuit. In the end,
these lower DC voltages can be superimposed to generate
circuit DC 22kV.
Fig. 2. Structure diagram of single secondary winding mode.
DC300V U1
Rectifier
filter 22KV

U2
100kHz
PWM
control
circuit
U3
Voltage
feedback
circuit

Fig. 5. Structure diagram of multiple secondary windings mode

Fig. 3. High voltage output simulation result of single secondary winding

The simulation result of multiple secondary windings
mode.
mode is shown in Fig. 6, the ripple simulation result is shown
in Fig. 7. From the simulation results, it can be seen that the
three secondary windings get about 7.3kV high voltage
respectively, and the three voltage are superimposed to get
the final 22kV. It can also be seen from the figures that the
voltage ripple is large, about 124V, the time required for the
voltage to rise to half-power point is 16.6ms. Compared with
the single secondary winding mode, the ripple has a small
decrease, but the voltage rise time has a significant
improvement. The circuit structure of multiple secondary
windings is more complicated than that of single secondary
winding, especially the design of the three secondary
windings is more difficult. However, the rise time of voltage
is greatly shortened, which can effectively improve the
response speed of the circuit.
If the last-stage filter circuit is replaced by RC integrating
Fig. 4. Ripple simulation result of single secondary winding mode. circuit, the ripple can be effectively suppressed and the

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power supply stability can be improved. + +
R

Ui Uo
C
- -
Fig. 8. RC integrating circuit.

From R  1/ (ωC ) , the time constant of the circuit

is τ = RC  1/ ω . Therefore, the time of charging and
discharging of the capacitor is much longer than the period
of the input ripple voltage. When a peak of the ripple comes,
the capacitor is charged with a certain voltage, and then the
voltage decreases, which is equivalent to the capacitor
entering discharge stage, and the voltage on the capacitor
Fig. 6. High voltage output simulation result of multiple secondary decreases. However, due to the large time constant, only a
windings mode. small part of the charge in the capacitor is released, and the
next ripple peak will arrive again, so the voltage on the
capacitor is always at a stable value.
From the frequency domain perspective, the amplitude-
frequency response expression of the RC integrating circuit
is:

1
H (ω ) =
(ω RC ) 2 + 1

When R=1kΩ, C=100nF, the amplitude frequency

response curve is drawn by MATLAB, as shown in Fig. 9.

Fig. 7. Ripple simulation result of multiple secondary windings mode.

III. HIGH VOLTAGE RIPPLE SUPPRESSION DESIGN

Ripple is a kind of AC voltage with high frequency and
small amplitude superimposed on DC voltage. Generally, the
working principle of DC stabilized voltage power supply is
to get DC through AC rectification and filtering, and their
DC output is more or less with a certain ripple. The ripple
size is an important indicator to measure the DC regulated Fig. 9. Amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of RC integrating circuit.
power supply, especially for high-voltage switching power
supply, the ripple size directly affects the stability of the It can be seen from the curve that the RC integrating
power supply, and sufficiently small ripple is an important circuit is actually a low-pass filter, and the marked point in
guarantee for the normal operation of load. In the high- the figure is the corresponding position when the gain drops
voltage switching power supply, the frequency of the ripple 3dB, that is, ω0 =1/ ( RC ) =104rad/s. So this system will
can be considered to be at the same level as the switching
frequency of the switch (This article assumes that they are effectively filter out the high-frequency voltage of
the same.), so the suppression of ripple is the process of ω  ω0 =104rad/s.
filtering the voltage around this frequency. In this paper, the
RC integrating circuit is used as a filter to process the ripple. Based on the above principle, the output high voltage of
single secondary winding structure and multiple secondary
A. RC Integrating Circuit windings structure are filtered, and the ideal simulation
results are obtained.
The RC integrating circuit is shown in Fig. 8. The resistor
R and the capacitor C are connected in series. When the B. Single Secondary Winding Mode
resistor R  1/ (ωC ) , that is, the capacitive reactance Replace the last-stage filter circuit in the single secondary
value is small, the output voltage Uo is approximately equal winding structure with an RC integrating circuit. The
to the integral of the input voltage Ui. replaced circuit is shown in Fig. 10, R=1kΩ, C=100nF, the
values of resistor and capacitor are consistent with those used

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in drawing Fig. 9. The time constant of the RC integrating rise to half-power point greatly decreased, from 45ms to
circuit is: τ = RC = 10-4s. In this paper, the switching 6.8ms. It can be seen that RC integrating circuit has a very
frequency of the switch tube is 100kHz, the corresponding good suppression effect on the high voltage ripple of single
period is 10-5s, so the condition of time constant secondary winding mode, and the response speed of the
circuit is greatly improved, which improves the overall
τ = RC  1/ ω corresponding to RC integrating circuit is performance of the power supply.
satisfied.
DC300V 22kV C. Multiple Secondary Windings Mode
1kΩ
Rectifier The last-stage filter circuit of each secondary winding in
filter 100nF the multiple secondary windings structure is replaced by RC
integrating circuit. The circuit structure after replacement is
shown in Fig. 13. The conditions of time constant
AC220V τ = RC  1/ ω corresponding to RC integrating circuit in
each branch are still satisfied.
PWM 100kHz DC300V 1kΩ U1
control Rectifier
circuit filter 100nF 22KV
Voltage
feedback U2
circuit 100kHz 1kΩ
Fig. 10. Improved structure diagram of single secondary winding mode.
PWM
control 100nF
circuit
1kΩ U3
Voltage
feedback
circuit 100nF

Fig. 13. Structure diagram of improved multiple secondary windings mode.

The simulation result of multiple secondary windings

mode is shown in Fig. 14, the ripple simulation result is
shown in Fig. 15. The ripple decreased from 124V to 5.19V,
and the time needed for the voltage to rise to half-power
point decreased from 16.6ms to 6.67ms. It can be seen that
RC integrating circuit applied to multiple secondary
windings power system structure also has very good ripple
Fig. 11. High voltage output simulation result of improved single suppression effect, which can effectively improve the
secondary winding mode. stability of power supply.

Fig. 12. Ripple simulation result of improved single secondary winding Fig. 14. High voltage output simulation result of improved multiple
mode. secondary windings mode.

The simulation result of the improved single secondary

winding mode is shown in Fig. 11, the ripple simulation
result is shown in Fig. 12. The ripple decreased from 134V to
3.56V. At the same time, the time required for the voltage to

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 innovation guided by special development (No. 2020WH11)
and National Defense Basic Research Program Stability
Support Project Support (2019).

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