IGMP Principle

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Copyright © 2016 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 Foreword
 IGMP is Internet Group Management Protocol, and is
responsible for IP multicast member management. It
establishes and maintains the multicast membership ship
between IP hosts and multicast routers connected to hosts.

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 Objectives
 Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
 Understand IGMP protocol principle

 Master IGMP configuration

 Know the difference among versions

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 Contents
1. Overview of IGMP Protocol

2. IGMP Protocol Mechanism

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 Contents
1. Overview of IGMP Protocol

2. IGMP Protocol Mechanism

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IGMP Protocol Introduction
 IGMP is works between hosts and multicast routers connected to

the hosts.

 IGMP working mechanism:

 Receiver hosts report group membership to sharing network.

 Querier sends group membership query to sharing network segment

periodically.

 Receiver hosts respond for query message.

 Multicast routers refresh the group members according to the

response.

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Multicast Layered System

MVPN

GRE/TUNNEL
MSDP

PIM-DM PIM-SM DVMRP Others…

IGMP

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IGMP Development

IGMPv1

IGMP
IGMPv2 development

IGMPv3

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 Contents
1. Overview of IGMP Protocol

2. IGMP Protocol Mechanism

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IGMPv1 packet format
0 7 15 31
version type reserved Check sum
Group address

 Version
 Version filed includes IGMP version ID, set it to 1
 Type
 Membership query (0x11)
 Membership report (0x12)
 Group address
 When a membership report is being sent, the group address
field contains the multicast address.
 In the case of membership query, this field is set to 0 and
ignored by the host.

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Participation of IGMPv1 Group
Member
Host sends IGMP
membership report in
hope that participating
in the multicast group
PC3
PC1 PC2 224.1.1.1

report

RTA

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IGMPv1 Query and Response
PC2 sends membership
report first (destination
address:224.0.0.1)

PC1 PC2 PC3

224.1.1.1

Report

IGMPv1 IGMP querier sends

Querier Query membership query to
224.0.0.1 all hosts (224.0.0.1) in
RTA the subnet periodically.

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 IGMPv1 Response
Suppression Mechanism
PC2 sends
membership report
first (destination
address:224.0.0.1)
PC1 PC2 PC3
224.1.1.1 224.1.1.1 224.1.1.1
X X
suppression Report suppression

Other members IGMPv1 IGMP Querier sends

restrain sending Querier Query membership querier to
report after 224.0.0.1 hosts (224.0.0.1) in the
detecting the report. RTA subnet periodically

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IGMPv1 Member Leave
Host leaves group
silently (without
Router thinks no sending report
PC1 multicast
PC2 PC3
members exist
after three queries
without response

Membership query

X3
RTA Router sends
membership
The router sends the query
membership information again
if it does not receive the IGMP
report of this group (three
queries in total).

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IGMPv2 Packet Format (1/2)
0 7 15 31
Maximum
Type Checksum
response time

Group address

 Type
 Membership query (0x11)
 Regular query: identify which multicast group is valid, that is whether it
has members in the group. The address is all 0.
 Specified group query: query whether there are members in specified
multicast group
 Version 2 membership report (0x16)
 Version 1 membership report (0x12)
 Leaving message (0x17)

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IGMPv2 Packet Format (2/2)
 Maximum response time
 Unit : 0.1 second
 It is 100 by default, namely, 10 seconds
 Check sum
 Group address
 When sending a regular query, the group address field is 0. When
sending a specified group query, the group address field should be
set .
 In the message of member report or leaving group, the group
address field keeps the address for report or leaving

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Participation of IGMPv2 Members
 When a host joins a multicast group, it sends one or multiple
membership reports to the multicast group right now.

PC3
PC1 PC2
224.1.1.1

Report

RTA

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IGMPv2 Query and Response
 It has the suppression mechanism, the same as IGMPv1.

 Increase the maximum response time.

PC1 PC2 PC3

224.1.1.1 224.1.1.1 224.1.1.1
X X

Suppression Report Suppression

IGMP
Querier Query
RTA 224.0.0.1

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IGMPv2 Querier Selection

1 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.2 1
Query Query
224.0.0.1 224.0.0.1
2 2

RTA RTB
3 IGMP querier

1 2 3
When Router starts, the routers receiving Router with
it sends IGMPv2 regular query Small IP
compares source IP address
regular query to
address and Local becomes
destination 224.0.0.1
interface IP querier

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IGMPv2 Member Leaving
Host sends leaving
group message to
224.0.0.2
224.1.1.1 PC3
PC1 PC2

Leaving group
Report 224.0.0.2

Router sends Specified group

specified group query 224.1.1.1 The router thinks no
query to 224.1.1.1 multicast members exist
X2 RTA if no membership report
received after specified
If no report of the group received group query twice.
in the maximum response time
(default 1s),it sends specified
group query again

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Interoperation Between IGMPv1
and v2 - V2 Host and V1 Router

IGMPv2
IGMPv1 IGMPv1
224.1.1.1

IGMPv1 report

IGMPv1 query
224.0.0.1
RTA
IGMPv1

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Interoperation Between IGMPv1
and v2 - V1 Host and V2 Router
Host sends v1 report

IGMPv2 IGMPv1
224.1.1.1 224.1.1.1

IGMPv1 report
IGMPv2 report

IGMPv2 query
224.0.0.1

RTA V2 router sets a timer correlative

with group considering V1 host , it
IGMPv2 is used to notice the LAN that there
is a V1 host in the group

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Interoperation Between IGMPv1
and v2 - Hybrid version

PC1 PC2
PC3
IGMPv2 IGMPv1
IGMPv1

IGMPv2
IGMPv1

RTA RTB
IGMPv1

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IGMP Basic Configuration
RTA RTB

IGMPv2

PC

[RTA]multicast routing-enable
[RTA]interface ethernet0/0
[RTA-Ethernet0/0]ip address 172.16.1.3 255.255.255.0
[RTA-Ethernet0/0]igmp enable
[RTA-Ethernet0/0]igmp version 2

[RTB]multicast routing-enable
[RTB]interface ethernet0/1
[RTB-Ethernet0/1]ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0
[RTB-Ethernet0/1]igmp enable
[RTB-Ethernet0/1]igmp version 2

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IGMP Configuration Verification
<RTD>display igmp interface
Ethernet0/0 (172.16.1.1):
IGMP is enabled
Current IGMP version is 2
Value of query interval for IGMP (in seconds): 60
Value of other querier time out for IGMP (in seconds): 120
Value of maximum query response time for IGMP (in seconds):10
Value of startup query interval for IGMP (in seconds): 15
Value of last member query interval for IGMP (in seconds): 1
Value of query timeout for IGMP version 1 (in seconds): 400

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IGMP Configuration Verification

[RTB]display igmp group

Total 2 IGMP groups reported on this router
Ethernet0/1 (172.16.1.1): Total 2 IGMP Groups reported:
Group Address Last Reporter Uptime Expires
239.255.255.250 172.16.1.5 00:08:04 00:02:52
224.1.1.1 172.16.1.5 00:08:10 00:03:00

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IGMPv3 Overview
 IGMPv3 is described in RFC 3376. (At present, it is not

widely supported)

 It serves Source Specific Multicast (SSM) model.

 Allow the host to receive some multicast groups from

some networks.

 Enhance the control capability of host; the host can

specify not only multicast group but also multicast source.

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 IGMPv3 Working Mechanism
G:224.1.1.1
G: 224.1.1.1 EX:10.1.1.1
IN:10.1.1.1 G:224.1.1.1 G:224.1.2.2
PC1 10.1.2.1 PC2 EX: null PC3
IN:10.1.2.1

Report Report Report

224.0.0.22 224.0.0.22 224.0.0.22

Every host sends report

to indicate joining or IGMPv3 query
rejecting some 224.0.0.1 Router sends query to
multicast groups. 224.0.0.1 periodically
RTA

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IGMPv3 Developments
R1 R2

Source = 1.1.1.1 Source = 2.2.2.2

Group = 224.1.1.1 Group = 224.1.1.1

 PC1 hopes to receive

R3
packet from S = 1.1.1.1

not S = 2.2.2.2

 Though IGMPv3,
IGMPv3: JOIN 1.1.1.1, 224.1.1.1
specified source can LEAVE 2.2.2.2, 224.1.1.1
prune packet from S = PC1 members of group 224.1.1.1

2.2.2.2

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 IGMP Versions Comparison

IGMPv1 IGMPv2 IGMPv3

Querier Rely on up layer

selection routing protocol Select by itself Select by itself

Member Send leaving Send leaving

Leaving Leave silently
mode packet initiative packet initiative

Specified
Group support support
query Not support

join specified
source and Not support Not support support
group

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 Questions
 Which two types of packets can IGMPv1 provide?

 What is the additional function of IGMPv2 comparing to

IGMPv1?

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Thank you
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