International Conference on Civil Engineering

Architecture & Urban Sustainable Development

18 &19 December 2013, Tabriz , Iran

Stability of concrete gravity dams against sliding contact on the

bottom of dam foundation using
the software ABAQUS and RS-DAM

elias behradi mehr1 mohammad esmail eghtedari2 mohammad ali barkhordari 3

1-Master of Civil Engineering, Islamic Azad University of Hydraulic Structures ROUDEHEN

Phone: 00584173009 Email :[email protected]

2- Bachelor of Engineering - Civil Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Member of

Parliament ROUDEHEN city Boomehen Phone:02176229001 : Email :[email protected]

3-Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology

phone: 02488210550 Email: [email protected]

Abstract
There is historical evidence to show that the old dam is about 4000 years BC . Dams have different
categories according to the task to be taken eg : dams , storage dams , diversion dams , tailings dams and
dams are classified as temporary . Depending on the building of dams dams , a pebble , concrete and RCC
are divided . Concrete dams based on their structural function and the arc weights are divided into two
categories . The arch dam crest loads via two mechanisms of action and the arc is transferred to the
foundation and abutments . As evident from its name , but the weight of the dams are resistant to the
forces of the dam material is its weight . Concrete dams by weight ) in this study are ( their resistance
against the forces exerted by the weight gain . Shaped sections such as triangular and natural dams that
block the base of the triangle is greater is more stable . , that in this study, we modified the horizontal
drifts or sliding contact on the bottom of dam foundation using software we

Key words: Dam- stability-abaqus-abutment

 International Conference on Civil Engineering
Architecture & Urban Sustainable Development
18 &19 December 2013, Tabriz , Iran

Safety of Dams

Operation with safety control two processes are inseparable and continuous lifetime dams
.Johnny is considerable . What is the scope of the damage in time and in space is very large and
is also a national reputation , thereby reducing .
The material above the dam safety issue is very important , especially in our country , many of
the dams are located in places with high seismicity . In fact, due to the high cost of dam
construction , lack of attention to safety of dams can also cause the loss of national assets

Stability of concrete gravity dams

Stability of concrete dams is defined by three criteria , namely that the barrier that these three
criteria are defined to include . Is stable . The first criterion is the stability of the dam stability
against sliding , slip occurs when the shear forces generated on the sliding surface , the greater
the resistance to shear force due to adhesion and friction on the surface is being . Can slip inside
the dam , surface or within the dam and foundation must be followed . But given that the contact
area is usually less than the shear resistance of dam foundation and the rest is a critical level . In
this study, the critical slip surface at the contact site of the dam and foundation are considered
 International Conference on Civil Engineering
Architecture & Urban Sustainable Development
18 &19 December 2013, Tabriz , Iran

Figure 1. Unstable slip

The second factor is the instability of the dam collapse. Against overturning instability occurs
when the sum of the moments of tipper more robust or stable anchor point of the rotation will be
blocked. It also proved to be in force until the outcomes of the course must be set to ensure that
there is no problem in terms of a reversal.

Fig 2. Stability against overturning

 International Conference on Civil Engineering
Architecture & Urban Sustainable Development
18 &19 December 2013, Tabriz , Iran

Created tensions within the dam or exceeds the following is known as the third and final causes
instability . Relations based on the outcomes of the troop strength of materials placed in the
middle third of the section does not create any tensile stress , due to the design view of the dam
Mzv normally be tried a third placing in the outcomes of the intermediate levels in different
sections of the dam there is not any tension . This way we can ensure that the low tensile strength
of concrete cracking in any mode of operation of the dam is not . But the outcomes of the
earthquake force down the incline and out of the core cross -section is caused by tensile stresses
inside . Due to the lack of sufficient tensile strength , the tensile stresses cause cracks and
unstable dam will help . It also greatly increases the compressive stress at the downstream face
may damage the dam will become unstable.

Stability analysis method of

Stability analysis of two methods typically used in rigid and flexible The traditional method is a
method in which a rigid solid considering the dam and using the traditional relations of
Mechanical stability is checked. In the second method is the more recent use of a finite element
model to investigate the stability is studied.

Rigid approach

In order to ensure the stability of the factor of safety against overturning and sliding coefficients
for the dam. Calculating the resistance to overturning moment resistance and driving forces are
controlled .the stimuli were durable . The choice of two methods to calculate the forces on the
sliding surface sliding consumer confidence is calculated . In cases where the sliding surface
compressive stress is a normal part of the tensile stress limit is exceeded , the analysis
distinguishes be palm leaves little is known. The rigid approach stresses the fundamental
assumptions such as linearity during the course material strength are calculated . But it should be
noted that the border -and low dam due to tensile and compressive stresses assuming Regardless
of the quantity is Acceptable
 International Conference on Civil Engineering
Architecture & Urban Sustainable Development
18 &19 December 2013, Tabriz , Iran

Methods are flexible

In this way both the body of the dam and foundation are not form . The effect of the rigid
approach to earthquake forces or the equivalent static method using a seismic coefficient equal to
PGA earthquake is considered , but the earthquake as a flexible way of record acceleration - is
seen . This method of defining the boundary conditions as well as the interaction between
different components and ... Be the relative sliding of the dam and the dam foundation is
obtained . Stresses in the structure and foundation are also readily observable in this way.

software RS-DAM

RS-DAM software is to provide a computational tool for evaluating the response is completely
cracked concrete dam under earthquake loading design. RS-DAM system based on the dynamic
equilibrium of rigid analysis, sliding and overturning the left - bound on the floor of the dam
under acceleration it can be doneThe software can also help soften the effects of some
parameters such as geometry, changes Brknsh pressure, hydrodynamic pressure and .... Payment
and displacement relative to the results for the coefficients of dam foundation and achieve a long
history.

Figure 3 Stress and stability analysis of rigid systems

 International Conference on Civil Engineering
Architecture & Urban Sustainable Development
18 &19 December 2013, Tabriz , Iran

To avoid an uncontrolled release of two major lakes should be considered : First , the dynamic
stability of the components that should be checked out maintained during the second earthquake
, earthquake in terms of the static stability should be given Brknsh pressure to reduce the size of
the dam and foundation strength corrosion -induced cracks and joints to maintain mobility .
Significantly, the inertial forces A can be required to start from the bottom left to the upper area
of the dam , some depart cause it to rise . Dams in the upper left for a long time to start cracks
tend to spread to the top of the dam down too brittle to remove . Dynamic Stability upper
separate large displacement should consider slip reversal potential of the oscillatory nature of
earthquake are examined .

Software ABAQUS

ABAQUS software is a set of engineering simulation program based on the finite element
method and can be built with a wide range of issues in a relatively simple linear analyzes to
complex analysis to solve. The software includes a library of elements and a list of models that
feature the modeling and simulation of any geometries and such as concrete and materials
engineering, geotechnical behavior of most materials such as rock offers. Issues that have
multiple components and different materials can be defined by the geometry of each part and
assign aggregate form provider and then define the interaction between the components of the
simulation
 International Conference on Civil Engineering
Architecture & Urban Sustainable Development
18 &19 December 2013, Tabriz , Iran

Figure 4. View of the ABAQUS software

Model in ABAQUS

Draw a Model
Part modulus geometry using the Draw Dam and Reservoir and we'll follow.
 International Conference on Civil Engineering
Architecture & Urban Sustainable Development
18 &19 December 2013, Tabriz , Iran

Figure 5: drawing, geometry barrier in ABAQUS

It is worth noting that in this study a dam without water (such as the Army Corps of Engineers
America 4 times) and once again filled with water (such as the Times (6) America's Army
Engineers) is considered. The tank regardless of the amount of free high barrier height, barrier
height equal to the height of water behind the dam, and we consider it is assumed that there is no
water in the downstream. Equal to 5 times the length of the lake, the dam height (H) is
considered. 2H fold in the middle, followed by the heel and toe of the dam will consider the
 International Conference on Civil Engineering
Architecture & Urban Sustainable Development
18 &19 December 2013, Tabriz , Iran

length of the 5H and 2H continues. The following figure shows the geometry of the dam and
reservoir.

Figure 6 System dam - foundation - reservoir on ABAQUS Software

Building features:
Concrete and stone water features are defined.
 International Conference on Civil Engineering
Architecture & Urban Sustainable Development
18 &19 December 2013, Tabriz , Iran

Figure 7 defines material properties in ABAQUS Software

In this block the horizontal component of seismic Coalinga earthquake has been used

Figure 8. Coalinga earthquake acceleration-time graphs

The results of the software ABAQUS and RS-DAM:

In this section three nodes and three nodes on the bottom of dam foundation and subtracting the
corresponding horizontal displacement of the nodes relative displacement of the dam can be
 International Conference on Civil Engineering
Architecture & Urban Sustainable Development
18 &19 December 2013, Tabriz , Iran

obtained. This shift obtained using the ABAQUS software, RS-DAM ready to change the history
of the charts show the relative location of the dam. This represents an increase of earthquakes
with a PGA will jump (bottom chart it moved towards the top) Dam is considered unstable

Figure 9 shows the location of the node in the enterprise software ABAQUS

0.014
sliding displacement (m)

0.012
0.01
0.008
0.006
0.004
0.002
0
0 10 20 30 40 50
time (s)

Figure 10 Nmvdartghyyr sliding toe of the dam in place of RS-DAM Software

 International Conference on Civil Engineering
Architecture & Urban Sustainable Development
18 &19 December 2013, Tabriz , Iran

dam sliding shift in heels

0.014

sliding displacement (m)

0.012
0.01
0.008
0.006
0.004
0.002
0
0 10 20 30 40 50
time (s)

Figure 11 charts the shift in the dam heel slip RS-DAM Software

sliding shift in the middle of the

0.015 dam
sliding displacement (m)

0.01

0.005

0
0 10 20 30 40 50
time (s)

Figure 12 charts the shift in the dam heel slip RS-DAM Software

As seen in Figure 10 .12.11. Heel and toe shifting and sliding on each node
Also, do not change the result of barrier in each node is the same in all parts
Bottom of the dam and foundation is also a similar manner.
 International Conference on Civil Engineering
Architecture & Urban Sustainable Development
18 &19 December 2013, Tabriz , Iran

Conclusions

1 much confidence in a particular PGA CADAM software reliability with the least result of an earthquake
record in the PGA RSDAM software is the same.

2friction coefficient 7 / 0 the most unstable dam dam caused a small earthquake (PGA is low ) , the
friction angle of about 35 degrees is a very high probability of instability of the dam .

3 earthquake when the reservoir is empty vertical sliding effect on volatility ( and reversal ) would only
increase tensions .

4By comparing the results of horizontal and vertical earthquake can hit the Tnyjh horizontal earthquake
effect of vertical earthquake is much more critical .

5 Another important result is that the tank is empty when the tank is full of confidence sliding mode
numerically larger Besar . For example, one of the scenarios we have:

6 Replies to consider massless foundation is increased, the attenuation caused by the crime in
this case, the foundation is destroyed.
Ef
According to the analysis carried 've come to the conclusion that the increase of ( rigid foundation
EC
of the dam ) sliding displacements are reduced , the dam is stable .

7 The ABAQUS results compared with CADAM and RSDAM software can also be said that in most
cases the instability in the ABAQUS software PGA is larger than the two other software .

suggestions for future research

taking concrete nonlinear stability analysis

Evaluation of adhesion between the barrier and after due consideration of the software
ABAQUS Study of nonlinear behavior of concrete gravity dam foundation stability
 International Conference on Civil Engineering
Architecture & Urban Sustainable Development
18 &19 December 2013, Tabriz , Iran

Comparison between stability and maximum stresses in the dam

References

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[3] Mohammad Jalili Sadrabad "A comparative study of the stability of concrete gravity dams using rigid and
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[4] - Arabshahi,h. lotfi ,v.Muhammad. "Seismic response of concrete gravity dams considering dam foundation
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[7] Chavez, J. W. and Fenves G. L. “Earthquake Response of Concrete Gravity Dams Including Base Sliding”,
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[8] Horyna, T. “Reliability Analysis of Base Sliding of Concrete Gravity Dam Subjected to Earthquake”,
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[9] Ruggeri, G. “Working Group on Sliding Safety of Existing Dam”, Final Report, ICOLD European Club, 2004

[10] Ftima, M. B. and Leger, P. “Seismic Stability of Cracked Concrete Dams Using Rigid Block Models”, 2006

[11] - 11- Fishman, Y. A. “Stability of Concrete Retaining Structures and Their Interface with Rock Foundations”,
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[12] Fishman, Y. A. “Stability of Concrete Retaining Structures and Their Interface with Rock Foundations”, 2009
 International Conference on Civil Engineering
Architecture & Urban Sustainable Development
18 &19 December 2013, Tabriz , Iran

[13]. US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), “Roller-Compacted Concrete”, EM 1110-2-2006, 2000