MUSIC

Musical Elements during the Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque Periods

Lesson 1

This lesson contains a series of learnings of Music from Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque Period for
Grade 9 students. This set of instructional materials is based on the philosophy, objectives, and list of
learning competencies of the K to 12 curricula by the Department of Education. The first topic of
Western classical music history as understood traditionally begins with plainchant (also called
"Gregorian" chant), the vocal religious practice of the Roman Catholic Church from the Medieval Period.
The Renaissance's grandest, most highly valued works of vocal music were polyphonic settings of the
‘Ordinary of the Mass’. The Ordinary Mass is composed of five texts--Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, and
Agnus Dei (the first words of the texts) that were included in every Mass, not only in Masses that
celebrated special occasions. The Baroque era of Western classical music is usually defined as the period
from 1600 to 1750. Two stylistic tendencies that partially define the Baroque where there is an
increased interest in the solo voice and a rise in the status of instruments and instrumental music.

Music of Medieval Period

 Medieval music was both sacred and secular .

 Monody or Monophonic Music meaning one sound or single line melodies

 Plainsong or plainchant is a monophonic consisting of one or unaccompanied single melody.

 Gregorian Chant— a monophonic or unison, liturgical music in Roman Catholic Church.

 Lute—one of the early music

 Later Middle Ages it gradually yielded to polyphony

Suggested Music: Listen to the link that features a Gregorian chant of the Medi-eval Period.
https://youtu.be/VqZ3kwdqtVY

Music of Renaissance Music

The three basic purpose of Renaissance Music

1. Worship in both Catholic and burgeoning Protestant Churches

2. Music for the entertainment and edification of the courts and courtly life.

3. Dance Music

Characteristics of Renaissance Music

1. The birth of polyphonic “Golden Age of Polyphony”, vocal polyphony reaches a high degree of
perfection with four or more voices of equal importance.

2. Imitation among voices are common

3. Melodic lines move in a flowing manner

4. Express in moderate, balanced way, with no extreme contrast of dynamics, tone color or rhythm

5. Bass register was used for the first time.

6. Rhythm is more gentle flow than a sharply defined beat

7. Clarity, balance, euphony within well-regulated limits prevails

8. Modality (the use of church mode) still prevails in both sacred and secular.

Madrigal – a form of secular vocal polyphonic music composition which originated from Italy. It was
written and expressed in poetic text and sung during courtly social gatherings. It is the most important
secular form during the Re-naissance period.

A. Characteristics of Madrigal
Polyphonic
Sung acapella
Through – composed
Number of voices varies from 2 to 8 and Frequently from 3 to 6
Mass – is a form of sacred musical composition that sets texts of the Eucharistic liturgy into music.
A. Characteristic of the Mass
1.Polyphonic
2. Maybe sung acapella or with orchestral accompaniment
3. Text may be syllabic (one note to each syllable), neumatic (few notes to one syllable), or
melismatic (many notes to one syllable).
Motet— is a polyphonic choral works in Latin text. It can be used in any service of the churches and
usually in acapella. Sound smoothing and imitative in nature.

Music of the Baroque Period

The word baroque can be traced from the ancient Portuguese noun barocco – a pearl that is not round
but of unpredictable and elaborate shape or pearl of irregular shape .

Baroque became popular and successful because the Roman Catholic Church encouraged its
development.The Catholic Church decided at the time of the council of Trent that the arts communicate
religious themes through man s direct and emotional involvement.

Characteristics Baroque Music

1. Melodies sound elaborate and ornamental

2. Primarily contrapuntal textures with some homophony

3. Dynamic contrast– alteration between loud and soft , also known as Terrace Dynamics

4. Music genres—operas, oratorio, suites, tocatas, concerto grosso, fugue

a. Opera—a dramatic work or genre of classical time

b. Oratorio—a religious narrative large scale work for orchestra and voices performed without
costume, scenery or action.
 c. Suite— a set of instrumental compositions for dance style.

d. Concerto Grosso—instrumental from for small group of soloist and full orchestra

e. Fugue— contrapuntal composition in which a short melody is introduced by one part and
successively taken up by others and developed by interweaving the part.

5. Harpsicord and organ are the keyboard instruments that are commonly used.

6. Orchestra consists of strings and continuo

The first three periods of Western Music History are classified as Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque.
Each period has its distinctive characteristic, historical, and cultural backgrounds.

 A type of music from the Medieval Era is the Gregorian Chant, which was mainly used in the early
Christian Church.

 Music during the Renaissance Period became an important leisure activity. Members of the upper-
class were expected to have received musical training. Imitative polyphony is the distinctive
characteristic of Renaissance Music.

 The Baroque Period is characterized by grand and elaborate ornamentation of sculptures, theaters,
arts, and music. The music genres which flourished during the Baroque Period were the concerto, the
fugue, the oratorio, and the chorale

 Music evolved alongside man's constant quest for growth and development.

Music of the Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque Periods

Lesson 2

This lesson contains the second part of study of Music from the Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque
Period for Grade 9 students. This set of instructional materials is aligned on the philosophy, objectives,
and list of learning competencies of the K to 12 curriculum by the Department of Education.

 The lesson is focused on the performance practice of Music based on the Medieval Period, the
Renaissance period, and the Baroque Period.

 The concepts are presented through interactive approaches in music. In this module, you will learn
another important concept in the history of Western Music. We will be discussing the performance
practice (setting, composition, role of composers, performers, and audience) of the Medieval,
Renaissance, and Baroque period, identifying known composers, and we will also know about the role of
music in people’s lives back then.

Music in the three different eras (Medieval, baroque and Renaissance) were directly associated to the
other forms of arts and history of the time, proving more that musical styles are related to the historical
background of every period.
Prominent Composers of the Eras

Adam de la Halle, was a French-born trouvère, musician, and poet. He was also known as Adam le
Bossu (Adam the Hunchback). He made history in the world of music during the medieval Period. He is
known for his uniqueness and versatility.

He was a self-proclaimed genius, often describing himself as Maistre (Master) because of his completion
of some advanced studies. He also explored and mastered the monophonic composition and its more
complex form-the motet. He died in Italy 1285.

Giovanni Pierluigi Da Palestrina an Italian Renaissance composer of sacred music and the best known
16th– century representative of the Roman School of musical composition. He composed more than 100
mass settings and over 250 motets. Before he achieved his goals, he was an organist and a choirmaster.
He performed both at the Sistine and the St. Peter Chapels.

THOMAS MORLEY is another famous composer of the Renaissance Era. He was also an organist at St.
Paul s Cathedral. Together with Robert Johnson, they are the only composers who survived
contemporary setting of verse by Shakespeare.

The Baroque period was generally a time of newfound ideas. From major innovations in science to vivid
changes in geography, people were exploring the world around them. The music of the Baroque Period
was just as extreme as the new changes. Many of the illustration s personalities from the early part of
the Baroque Period such as Antonio Vivaldi and Claudio Monteverdi came from Italy. Later, composers
from Germa-ny, like the famous Bach and Handel, began to take center stage in Ba-roque music
composition.

The first great oratorios surfaced in the early 18th century. The works were made public as concert
presentations with solo performers, chorus, and orchestra. George Friedrich Handel was the most
prolific composer of this style and wrote many works such as Israel in Egypt, Saul, Samson, and the most
famous among all - the Messiah Messiah, an English language oratorio. One of the most well-known
chorus in the Messiah is Hallelujah Chorus were the audience is being stand up while it is being sung.

Performance Practices during Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Period

Early Christian Chant—it consisted of psalm, hymn, and some sacred song that were not part of the
liturgy or formal church service. The chant could be sung by a single chorus: antiphonally, by two
alternating choirs or responsorial, by a soloist alternating with a choir.

Gregorian Chant— an important part in consolidating the liturgy and music of the Roman Chuch. It is
usually implies a special branch of plainsong that constitutes the greatest body of pure melody known to
man.

Madrigal— The madrigal of Renaissance is a piece of vocal chamber music set for four to six voices part
of equal importance. The text usually deals with sentimental or love interest. Madrigals were sung in all
sorts of courtly social gatherings.

Motet— a style of vocal composition that can be a secular works for solo and instrumental
accompaniment, with or without a choir.
Dramatic Music of Baroque Period

Oratorio—a religious narrative large scale work for orchestra and voices performed without costume,
scenery or action. Oratorio makes uses of a narrator, vocal soloists, chorus and orchestra.

Cantata— similar to oratorio except that it is a short, lyrical form. It deals varied subjects matter, either
religious or secular. It is also written for a small number of performer, often limited to soloist with few
accompanying instruments.

Suite— a set of instrumental compositions for dance style. Consist of a series of dances derived from
social or court dances of the time. ( Allemande, Courante, Sarabande, Gigue)

The Music of the Medieval period, like any other kind of music, expressed feelings that are difficult to
put into words, and words that cannot remain silent.

One of the most famous trouveres is Adam dela Halle, who was the composer of one of the oldest
secular music theater pieces known in the West, “Le Jeu de Robin et Marian”.

The Renaissance may be described as the age of human creativity- the time where the brilliant and great
artist and composers were born like Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina.

Music is an essential part of civic, religious, and courtly life in this period. It is also a form of prayer as
the Mass served as one of the most important and sacred form of music, while the text of many of these
Madrigals however centered on themes of spurned love, which are commonly sad but pleasing to the
senses.

ARTS
Elements and Principles of Arts in Western and Classical
Lesson 1

This lesson was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the Elements
and Principles of Art style in Western and Classical Arts. The scope of this module permits it to be used
in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of
students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course.

Elements of Art
These are basic elements that are used by artist in creating art; they are what you use to create an
aesthetically pleasing work. When we make art, we need to understand and apply these seven elements
of art. (EUROAMERICAN SCHOOL OF MONTERREY by MS. GABI MARÍ DE SERNA’S ART CLASS!)

LINE A mark made by a tool such as a brush, pen or stick; a moving point.

SHAPE A flat, enclosed area that has two dimensions, length and width. Artists use both geometric and
organic shapes.

COLOR Is one of the most dominant elements. It is created by light. There are three properties of color;
Hue (name) Value (shades and tints,)and intensify (brightness.)
VALUE Degrees of lightness or darkness. The difference between values is called value contrast.

FORM Objects that are three-dimensional having length, width and height. They can be viewed from
many sides. Forms take up space and value.

TEXTURE Describes the feel of an actual surface. The surface quality of an object; can be real or implied.

SPACE Is used to create the illusion of depth. Space can be two dimensional, negative and/ or positive.

BALANCE A distribution of visual weight on either side of the vertical axis. Symmetrical balance uses the
same characteristics. Asymmetrical uses different but equally weighted features.

CONTRAST The arrangement of opposite elements (light vs. dark, rough vs. smooth, small vs. large,
etc...) in a composition so as to create visual interest.

EMPHASIS Uses to make certain parts of an Artwork stand out. It creates the center of interest or focal
point. It is the place in which an Artist draws your eye to first.

MOVEMENT How the eye moves through the composition; leading the attention of the viewer from one
aspect of the work to another. Can create the illusion of action.

PATTERN The repetition of specific visual elements such as a unit of shape or form. A method used to
organize surfaces in a consistent regular manner.

Characteristics of Arts in Western and Classical Period

Lesson 2

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the different
characteristics of arts in Western and Classical Arts. The scope of this module permits it to be used in
many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of
students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course.

Characteristics:

Pre-historic drawings of animals were usually correct in proportion and native to its region.

Artist/s:

These paintings may be more an artefact of the archaeological evidence than a true picture of humans’
first created art.

Egyptian Period

Characteristics:

Highly stylized, symbolic, and shows profile view of an animal or a person Main colors: red, black,
blue, gold, and green Hieroglyphics—a system of writing using picture symbols used in ancient Egypt.
Artist/s:

In this period, it is not stated who is/are the artist/s involved in Egyptian painting but there are
slave laborers, well-paid and highly respected workers that are responsible for implementing the
Pharaoh’s visions. When it comes to the tomb, it was the painter's task to preserve the dead individual's
spirit.

CLASSICAL ERA 2, 000 BC – 400 BC; Greek Period and Roman Period

Greek Period

Characteristics:

Its development is naturalistic but idealized depictions of the human body, in which largely nude male
figures were generally the focus of innovation.

It shows Linear perspective and Naturalistic representation.

Artist/s:

The most famous of all ancient Greek painters was Apelles of Kos, whom Pliny the Elder lauded as
having "surpassed all the other painters who either preceded or succeeded him.

Examples: Amphora, example of a red-figure vase

Roman Period

The famous and distinctive style of Greek vase-painting with figures depicted with strong outlines, with
thin lines within the outlines, reached its peak from about 600 to 350 BC, and divides into the two main
styles, almost reversals of each other, of black-figure and red-figure painting, the other colour forming
the background in each case.

Kerch Style – also referred as Kerch Vases are red, figured pottery

PANEL PAINTING

Paintings flat panels of wood. It can be either small, single pieced or several panels joined together
depicted figural scenes, including portraits and still-life.

Example: Pitsa Panel Archaic period, 540 B.C.

TOMB/ WALL PAINTING

Sharp, flatly outline style of painting, depicts symposium scene on the wall. Example : Tomb of the
Diver, 470 BC,

In tomb paintings, artists rely on the shade and hues of paint to create depth and life-like feeling.

Most common Methods of Painting

1. Fresco – water base pigments on a freshly applied plaster on walls. Ideals for durable and style.

2. Encaustic – developed by Greek ship builders, used hot wax.

Characteristics:

“Classical”, or “Classicizing,” when used in reference to Roman art refers broadly to the influences
of Greek art from the Classical and Hellenistic (relating to or a characteristic of the classical Greek
Civilization from the death of Alexander the Great to the accession of Augustus) periods (480-31 B.C.E.)

Classicizing elements include the smooth lines, elegant drapery, idealized nude bodies, highly
naturalistic forms and balanced proportions that the Greeks had perfected over centuries of practice.

The subject matter ranged from busts of important ancestors to mythological and historical scenes, still
life, and landscapes—all to create the idea of an erudite patron steeped in culture

Example: “Battle of Alexander and Darius at Issus,” detail of the Roman mosaic done in the opus
vermiculatum technique, from the Casa delFauno, Pompeii, late 2nd century BC.

Artist/s:

We don’t know much about who made Roman art. Artists certainly existed in antiquity but we know
very little about them, especially during the Roman period, because of a lack of documentary evidence
such as contracts or letters. What evidence we do have, such as Pliny the Elder’s Natural History, pays
little attention to contemporary artists and often focuses more on the Greek artists of the past. As a
result, scholars do not refer to specific artists but consider them generally, as a largely anonymous
group.

MEDIEVAL ERA 400 BC – 1, 400 AD; Byzantine Period, Romanesque Period and Gothic Period
Byzantine Period

MOSAIC—This technique is used for decorative art or interior decorations.

Characteristics:

A convincing image of reality, presented figures with direct gazed that were meant to spiritually engage
the viewer.

Example: Justinian I, detail of a 6th-century mosaic at the church of San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy

Characteristics:

The figures are posed frontally in a distinct figurative style, with all thin bodies, tiny feet pointed
forward, oval faces and huge eyes, and without any suggestion of movement.

Examples: Empress Theodora, detail of a wall mosaic, 6th century; in the church of San Vitale, Ravenna,
Italy.

Romanesque Period

Characteristics:

They were inside of the churches and they were like a book for the people who were not able to read.
They were not realistic. They were rigid and schematic and they did not have background landscapes.
They were painted in bright colours to attract the attention of the people.
Mural paintings

‘Mural’ is derived from the Latin word ‘murus’ which means wall. It can be defined as any piece of
artwork painted or applied directly onto a wall, ceiling or other larger permanent surfaces, flat, concave
or convex, to be precise

The walls of the apse were very common.

Techniques Frescoes and Temper

Flat Drawing

Lack Perspective

Elongated Body Part

Use of Black color to outline figure

Religious, Bring out message of stories of old and New Testaments Hierarchy shown by gradual decrease
in sizes

Eyes are wide open

According to areas under Romanesque there is little change in paintings.

Uses bright and intense colors (Red, Yellow, Orange, Blue) Example:“Jesus Christ Pantocrator,” detail
from Deesis mosaic in Hagia Sophia 1261

Artist/s:

Master of Taüll Originally, the fresco covered by the apse of the church Saint Clement de Taüll in Vall de
Boi in California. Consecrated in 1123, the Basilica, with three naves and the Byzantine influenced seven
story bell tower, was known for its exceptional interior murals, all considered to be the work of the
Master of Taüll. Overtime many of the murals were damaged but those remaining, including Christ
Pantocrator, were transferred to canvas for exhibition at the National Museum of Catalonia. This fresco
a number of 20th century Spanish artists, including Francis Pacabia and Pablo Picasso, who kept a poster
of it in his studio. (Fresco – Museu Nacional d’Arte de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain)

Gothic Period

Stained Glass – a colored glass used to form decorative or pictorial designs  a glass colored or stained
(as by fusing metallic oxides into it) for decorative applications (as in window)

Example: The North Rose window of Chartres Cathedral, France, 1190-1220 CE.

Characteristics:

Elaborated for decorative effect its emphasis on elegance, delicate detail, soft facial expressions, and
smooth forms Illustrating stories of the bible and conveying moral meaning Emphasized the rose
window’s radial effect, exaggerating the petal-like shapes radiating from the center into the “rays” of
colored glass
 Health
Community and Environmental Health
Lesson 1

We live in a place where our family members and neighbors are interacting to do their regular
activities and share resources. During this time of pandemic and in many cases where disasters,
calamities and other unavoidable situations happen in our country, our lives and living are affected.
There are many changes and adjustments that our family and other members of the community need to
do in order to cope up with the different situations.

In this lesson, you will learn to define your community and environmental health. Specifically during
this time that corona virus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is declared as a pandemic disease, our community
and the rest of the country is under the declaration of Community Quarantine by the Inter Agency Task
Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases (IATF). There are different levels by which a
certain community is declared under Enhanced Community Quarantine (ECQ), Modified Enhanced
Community Quarantine (MECQ) or General Community Quarantine (GCQ) depending on the number of
cases of infected people in a certain community or locality. Are these related to environmental health?

Characteristics of a Healthy Community

1. Access to quality education

2. The community naturally blends into its environment.

3. Health care and preventive health services

4. Access to healthy food.

5. Fitness and wellness opportunities.

6. A community should have enough security and safety for all the people.

7. People in the community should love and unify with each other.

8. People in the community should be free from any vices.

9. A community should have access on affordable healthy foods, clean air, clean water and quality
education.

10. A community should have an educational facility for all the children and youth.

11. A community should have enough jobs and transportation for all the people.

Community Health is the art and sciences of maintaining, protecting and improving the health of all
members of the community through organized and sustained community efforts. Related to the study of
community is the place where a community immediately live and respond to the changes that happen in
their locality. This is where the community live or is their habitat. This is called an environment.
Technically, environment is the sum total of all the surroundings whereby living organism, including
natural forces and other living things interact. This provides also the conditions for the development and
growth as well as of danger and damage that might happen. There are different types of environment
and each is characterized by certain conditions. Environment mainly consists of atmosphere,
hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere. Some of these types of environment are:

1. The natural environment encompasses all living and non-living things occurring naturally. It is made
up of naturally occurring resources like water, land, air and all organisms that live in nature. It comprises
the nature of the living space. This is in contrast to artificial environment or man-made environment like
in a fishpond.

2. Industrial environment is a term used to describe working conditions that may be outside of your
home. Industrial environments are usually harsher than normal work environments, such as in an office.
In an industrial environment, people and equipment are exposed to more extreme conditions.

3. The social environment consists of the sum total of a society's beliefs, customs, practices and
behaviors. It is, to a large extent, an artificial construct that can be contrasted with the natural
environment in which we live.

Study the characteristics of a healthy environment.

Can you add more on these?

1. Clean 6. Garbage cans are always closed

2. Neat 7. No flies and mosquitoes breed

2. Neat

3. Looks beautiful 8. Many plants are grown

4. Feels comfort 9. Enough space to work and play

5. No rubbish in sewage 10. Waste are segregated properly

Why is there a need to grow more plants in our environment? It is said that “more plants; more
oxygen”. That’s why we need to plant more trees. The air that surrounds us make us feel comfortable
and fresh. Is there a river around your house? Are rivers and ditches clean? Bodies of water like rivers,
streams, and seas are considered healthy if the water is clean, clear. There are no garbage thrown in
these bodies of water. Usually, a clean water environment will give a good harvest of fishes and other
organisms that live in the river or in any bodies of water. Each part of your house should always be
cleaned. Garbage must be dumped off regularly in appropriate places. Clean the sink to avoid clogging
that will affect effective water flow.

Environmental Health comprise of those aspects in human health that are determined by
physical, chemical, biological, social and psychosocial factors in the surrounding environment. The air
that comes from dangerous fumes coming from motor vehicles, smoke, burning of garbage and smoke
from factory can be very dangerous to your body. Any unpleasant smell like those coming from garbage
and filthy trenches can cause air pollution. These air pollutants can damage our respiratory system that
will greatly affect the functions of other organs in the body.

Impact of Healthy Environment

Lesson 2
In the previous lesson, you learned to define community and environmental health. You also
described a healthy community and how to keep a healthy environment. There are relevant activities
that positively affect and what should you do to sustain community and environmental health. In this
lesson, you are expected to explain how a healthy environment positively impact the health of people
and communities such that the occurrence of disease and health care cost will be less.

During this time of pandemic, you need to take care of yourself and guard your health to avoid
diseases and possible infection to and from your immediate environment. When Covid-19 hit many
people in and out of the country, a large amount of budget and crucial preparations were dealt with.
Thus, a healthy body and environment will help everyone to survive and sustain life in the New Normal.

A healthy community is one in which local groups from all parts of the community work together
to prevent disease and make healthy living options accessible. Working at the community level to
promote healthy living brings the greatest health benefits to the greatest number of people. It also helps
to reduce health gaps caused by differences in income, education, race and ethnicity, location and other
factors that can affect health.

Healthy communities commonly enjoy some privileges like having a regular medical check up, high
vaccination rates to protect citizens from diseases and they have easy access to medical care and
healthy food. They are also designed for healthy living at home, work, and school and provide good
mental health resources. This also means that it is safe and easy to walk, bike, and play in parks and
community spaces.

Healthy community-is a term used to describe the state of health and how easy or difficult it is to be
healthy where people live, learn, work and play.

A healthy community is one in which local groups from all parts of the community work together to
prevent disease and make healthy living options accessible. Working at the community level to promote
healthy living brings the greatest health benefits to the greatest number of people. It also helps to
reduce health gaps caused by differences in income, education, race and ethnicity, location and other
factors that can affect health.

Healthy communities commonly have high vaccination rates to protect citizens from diseases and
easy access to medical care and healthy food; are designed for healthy living at home, work, and school;
and provide good mental health resources. Often, this also means it is safe and easy to walk, bike, and
play in parks and community spaces.

Unhealthy communities often have a large number of individuals that are more vulnerable before,
during, and after a disaster. Factors that lead to poor health in communities such as high rates of chronic
diseases like diabetes and heart disease, limited access to general medical care, and low levels of health
education, can cause substantial difficulties for a community recovering from an emergency event.
Humans impact the physical environment in many ways: overpopulation, pollution, burning fossil fuels,
and deforestation. Changes like these have triggered climate change, soil erosion, poor air quality, and
undrinkable water. These negative impacts can affect human behavior and can prompt mass migrations
or battles over clean water.

IMPORTANCE OF A HEALTHY COMMUNITY

A healthy community is all what we need as a human being living in the community. We are all seeking a
livable and peaceful community for our family and children. Community is a reflection of its people,
thus, a healthy community makes people healthy and happy. If a community promotes respect and fair
treatment to all its people, then the people will also be respectful and fair to all. It is important that a
community leader will uphold the law and promotes peace and unity among people. It is the prime duty
of the community leader to take good care of the welfare of the people. A healthy community gives
many benefits such as it (1) promotes happiness, (2) peace of mind, (3) unity, (4) generosity and (5)
friendliness.

WAYS TO MAINTAIN HEALTHY COMMUNITY

There are ways to maintain a healthy community. These include the following:

1. Enough budget to support community projects.

2. All should participate in any program implemented within the community.

3. Local government should evaluate community performance.

4. National Government should mobilize money and resources to create anything which is necessary for
the people.

Health Benefits Of A Healthy Community

1.Promote physical activity.

2.Promote a diet free of additives, preservatives, and pesticides.

3. Improve air quality.

4.Lower risk of injuries.

5.Increase social connection and sense of community. 6. Reduce contributions to climate change.

Working at the community level to promote healthy living brings the greatest health benefits to the
greatest number of people. It also helps to reduce health gaps caused by differences in income,
education, race and ethnicity, location and other factors that can affect health.

You can help improve the health of your community by taking a look at your health and the health of
your family. Take actions to ensure that you are as healthy as possible. Before an emergency, if you eat
well, get regular check ups and vaccinations and are physically active. Your body will be better able to
handle stress and physical demands of recovering from a disaster. Washing your hands regularly can
also help reduce your chances of getting sick during and after emergency.
 You can help promote health in your community by becoming more engaged in your community.
Encourage local community groups and the organizations to consider community health in their
emergency preparedness plans. Take action to improve your community’s health now to ensure you are
better prepared to remain healthy when an emergency occurs. Promoting and maintaining a healthy
community is everybody’s business and the responsibility of every individual living in it.

Positive Impacts of Healthy Environment to People

1. Clean water prevents diseases. There are about 2.2 million people die from diarrhea due to unsafe
water, whereas, 90% of tem are kids. Preserved natural beauty attracts people from other places who
want to live, work and study in close proximity to something beautiful. If those people are conscious and
respectful for the environment, then that’s an economic boon for local communities. And all of these
things nourish the soul.

2. It provides clean air, clean water, and other ecosystem services that we need. It provides a sense of
calm that relieves stress. It offers an amenable place to engage in exercise like walking, running,
swimming etc. It is a source of tourism revenue, from people who come for recreation, for the wildlife or
just to relax.

The environment affects our health in a variety of ways. The interaction between human health
and the environment has been extensively studied and environmental risks have been proven to
significantly impact human health, either directly by exposing people to harmful agents, or indirectly, by
disrupting life-sustaining ecosystems. Although the exact contribution of environmental factors to the
development of death and disease cannot be precisely determined, the World Health Organization
(WHO) has estimated that thirteen million deaths annually are attributable to preventable
environmental causes.

The report also estimates that 24% of the global disease burden (healthy life years lost) and 23% of
all deaths (premature mortality) are found to be attributable to many environmental factors. The
environmental burden of diseases being 15 times higher in developing countries than in developed
countries, due to differences in exposure to environmental risks and access to health care.

Physical Education
Physical Activity and Physical Fitness Assessment
Lesson1
This lesson will determine the readiness of the student to participate in physical activities by
answering Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire ( PAR – Q ). The capability of the student in
performing various physical activities can be determined through their health background. The health
conditions of the student will be assessing before performing. You are expected to answer the Physical
Activity Readiness Questionnaire ( PAR –Q ) with the guide of their parent, execute the suggested
physical fitness activity and record the base result in each activity and value the importance of being
physically active by doing some house chores at home.
The physical fitness test is a set of measures designed to determine one’s level of physical fitness. It has
two components namely: Health Related and Skill Related.

Health related and skills related involves the exercise activities that you do in order to try to
improve your physical health and stay healthy particular in the categories of cardiovascular endurance,
muscular strength, flexibility, muscular endurance and body composition.

Cardiovascular fitness- the ability to exercise your entire body for long period of time.

 Muscular Strength- the amount of force your muscles can produce

 Flexibility- the ability to use your joints fully through a wide range

 of motion.  Muscular endurance- the ability of the muscles to work for a long

 period of time

 Body Composition-the amount of total fat and muscles in the body

Skills related fitness consists of six components: agility, balance, coordination, speed, power, and
reaction time.

Agility – ability to rapidly and accurately change direction of the whole body in space.

Balance – ability to maintain equilibrium while stationary or moving.

Coordination – ability to use senses and body parts in order to perform motor tasks smoothly and
accurately.

Power – amount of force a muscle can exert.

Reaction Time – ability to respond quickly to stimuli.

Speed – amount of time it takes the body to perform specific task