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Signals and Systems: CE/EE301

The document discusses linear time-invariant (LTI) systems and convolution. It defines the impulse response h[n] as the response of an LTI system to a unit impulse input. The principles of time-invariance and linearity allow relating different inputs to the impulse response. The input-output relation of an LTI system is a convolution of the input signal with the impulse response. Convolution is computed using a summation known as the convolution sum. An example computes the output of an LTI system using both analytical and graphical methods.

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Abdelrhman Mahfouz
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86 views12 pages

Signals and Systems: CE/EE301

The document discusses linear time-invariant (LTI) systems and convolution. It defines the impulse response h[n] as the response of an LTI system to a unit impulse input. The principles of time-invariance and linearity allow relating different inputs to the impulse response. The input-output relation of an LTI system is a convolution of the input signal with the impulse response. Convolution is computed using a summation known as the convolution sum. An example computes the output of an LTI system using both analytical and graphical methods.

Uploaded by

Abdelrhman Mahfouz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Signals and Systems

CE/EE301
• Many physical processes can be modeled as linear time-invariant (LTI) systems.

• Define the impulse response, h[n], as the response of a DT LTI system to a unit impulse function, [n].

DT LTI
[n] h[n]
hn

• Using the principle of time-invariance: • Using the principle of Linearity:

DT LTI DT LTI
[n] h[n] 2 [n]+ 3 [n-1]
hn hn
2 h[n]+ 3 h[n-1]

DT LTI
[n-1] h[n-1] DT LTI
hn x[0] [n]+ x[1] [n-1]
hn
x[0] h[n]+ x[1] h[n-1]
X[0]

The sum of the sequences equals x[n] .

A compact form

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DT LTI
hn
x[n] y[n]
The input/output relation
Linearity

A compact form

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The summation is referred to as the convolution sum.

The symbol “*” is used to denote the convolution operation.


The output of any DT LTI is a convolution of the input signal with the impulse response

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y[n]   x[k ] h[n  k ]
k  

1. Analytical Method 2. Graphical Method

Assume x[0], and x[1] are nonzero


Then the output is

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Find y[n] and draw x[n], h[n], and y[n]

ℎ 𝑛 = 𝛿 𝑛 + 𝛿 𝑛−1 +𝛿 𝑛−2

𝑥 𝑛 = 0.5 𝛿 𝑛 + 2 𝛿 𝑛 − 1

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1. Analytical Method 
y[n]   x[k ] h[n  k ]
k  

𝑦 𝑛 = 𝟎. 𝟓 ∗ 𝛿 𝑛 + 𝛿 𝑛 − 1 + 𝛿 𝑛 − 2 + 𝟐 𝛿 𝑛 − 1 + 𝛿 𝑛 − 2 + 𝛿 𝑛 − 3

𝑦 𝑛 = 0.5 𝛿 𝑛 + 2.5 𝛿 𝑛 − 1 + 2.5 𝛿 𝑛 − 2 + 2 𝛿 𝑛 − 3


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2. Graphical Method y[n]   x[k ] h[n  k ]


k  

y[0]=0.5

y[1]=2.5

y[2]=2.5

y[3]=2

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1 2

3 4

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σ𝑛0 𝑥 𝑘 ℎ[𝑛 − 𝑘] = 1 + 𝛼 1 + 𝛼 2 +𝛼 3 +…………..+𝛼 𝑛

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