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Smith Charts and Matching

The document describes how to use a Smith chart to design a double-stub matching network. It provides steps to find the admittances (yA and yB) at the two junctions, and then determine the susceptances (bSA and bSB) and lengths (LA and LB) of the short-circuited stubs needed for matching a given load impedance with a transmission line of a specified characteristic impedance and electrical length between the junctions. An example is worked through to match a load of ZR = 30 - j40 Ω with a 50 Ω line having dB = 0.375 λ between junctions.

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Abdulrahman behiry
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173 views14 pages

Smith Charts and Matching

The document describes how to use a Smith chart to design a double-stub matching network. It provides steps to find the admittances (yA and yB) at the two junctions, and then determine the susceptances (bSA and bSB) and lengths (LA and LB) of the short-circuited stubs needed for matching a given load impedance with a transmission line of a specified characteristic impedance and electrical length between the junctions. An example is worked through to match a load of ZR = 30 - j40 Ω with a 50 Ω line having dB = 0.375 λ between junctions.

Uploaded by

Abdulrahman behiry
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The standing wave ratio

is read off of the chart


by noting the r value
where a constant 
circle intersects the
r axis
1) SWR = Zmax/Z0
= zmax
= rmax
2) SWR = Z0/Zmin
= 1/zmin
= 1/rmin 1/SWR SWR
b values

g values
POC PSC

-b values
WTG = .14
To convert from zR to
yR we can either:

1) Rotate around
constant  by
/4 (180°) /4
zR
2) Draw a line from
zR through origin
until it intersects
constant 

yR

WTG = .39
We can transform zR into
yR by rotating zR half way
around a constant  circle

Given ZR = 95+j20 on
a 50  line, find YR

1) Find zR
zR = 1.9+j0.4
2) Draw  circle
3) Draw line through
origin
4) Find intersection
with  circle
5) Read off yR
yR = 0.5-j0.1
6) Renormalize yR
YR = yR/Z0
= 10-j2 mS
Ycalc = 10.1-j2.12 mS
A 50- T-L is terminated WTG = .109
in an impedance of WTG = .168
ZR = 35 - j47.5. Find the
position and length of the
short-circuited stub to
match it. yR
1) Normalize ZL
zR = 0.7 – j0.95 yA
2) Find zR on S.C.
3) Draw  circle
4) Convert to yR
5) Find g=1 circle
6) Find intersection
of  circle and
g=1 circle (yA)
7) Find distance
traveled (WTG) zR
to get to this
admittance
8) This is dSTUB
dSTUB = (.168-.109)
dSTUB = .059
A 50- T-L is terminated
in an impedance of
bA = 1.2
ZL = 35 - j47.5. Find the
position and length of the
short-circuited stub to
match it.
9) Find bA
10)Locate PSC yA
11)Set bSTUB = bA
and find WTG = 0.25
ySTUB = -jbSTUB
12)Find distance PSC
traveled (WTG)
to get from PSC
to bSTUB
13)This is LSTUB
LSTUB = (0.361-0.25)
LSTUB = .111
Our solution is to place a
short-circuited stub of ySTUB = -1.2
length .111 a distance of WTG = 0.361
.059 from the load.
There is a second WTG = .109
solution where the 
circle and g=1 circle
intersect. This is also a
solution to the problem,
but requires a longer yL
dSTUB and LSTUB so is
less desireable, unless
yA1
practical constraints
require it.
dSTUB = (.332-.109)
dSTUB = .223
LSTUB = (.25+.139) 
LSTUB = .389 
yA2

zL

WTG = .332
Working in admittances,
adding susceptance in
parallel is moving along
a constant g circle.
yA=0.2+j0.9
Adding conductance in
parallel is moving along
a constant b circle
Note that in doing
this, we are change
the  of the
transmission line on
the generator side of
the junction.
yB=1.2-j0.3

y2=0.2-j0.3
To solve a double-stub
tuner problem:
1) Find the g=1 circle.
All possible solutions for
yB must fall on this circle
2) Rotate the g=1
circle a distance dB
towards the load.
These are the values
at the input to the A yIN,A

b = bstub,A
junction that will
transform to the g=1
circle at junction B
3) Find yA on chart
4) Rotate along the
constant g circle to
yA
find the intersection
with the rotated g=1
circle. The change
in b to do this is the
susceptance at the
input to the stub at
junction A
5) To find the admittance
at junction B (yB), rotate
yIN,A towards the
generator by dB. If
bSA bB = -bSB
we’ve drawn everything
right, this will intersect
the g=1 circle.
6) Read off the value yB
for bB. This is –bSB
for the stub at yIN,A
junction B
7) Calculate the
length of the B stub
by rotating towards
the load from bSB to
the appropriate stub
termination (PSC or
POC)
8) Calculate the bSB
length of the A stub
in the same way
starting from bSA
Similar to the single-
stub network, there are
multiple lengths for the
stubs that will work. yIN,A,2
There is a range of
yA that cannot be
matched
Irregardless of the
short/open stub
properties, we will yIN,A
never intersect the yA
rotated g=1 circle.

yA
Double-Stub Example
• Use a Smith Chart to create a double-stub
matching network:
– Z0 = 50  on all lines
– ZR = 30 - j40 
– dA = 0 m (at the load
– dB = 0.375 
• Find LA and LB assuming all stubs are short
circuits.
To solve a double-stub
tuner problem:
1) Find the g=1 circle.
All possible solutions for
yB must fall on this circle

b = bstub,A= -0.89
2) Rotate the g=1
circle a distance yA
dB = 0.375 towards
the load.
3) Find yA on chart.
In this case yA = yR
since the first stub is
at the load. yIN,A
yA = 0.6+j0.8
4) Rotate ya along the
constant g circle to
find the intersection
with the rotated g=1
circle. The change in
b (-0.89) to do this is
the susceptance at
the input to the stub at
junction A
5) To find the admittance
at junction B (yB), rotate
yIN,A towards the
generator by dB. If bSB
we’ve drawn everything
right, this will intersect
the g=1 circle.
7) Read off the value
for bB = 0.53. This is
–bSB for the stub at
junction B
8) Calculate the
length of the B stub
yIN,A
by rotating towards
the load from bSB to
yB
the appropriate stub
termination PSC.
Find LB = 0.328
9) Calculate the
length of the A stub bB = -bSB
in the same way
starting from bSA to bSA
find LA = 0.136

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