Vector Component: STEM General Physics 1
Vector Component: STEM General Physics 1
Vector Component: STEM General Physics 1
i
General Physics 1 – Senior High School
Quarter 1 – Module 4: VECTOR COMPONENTS
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such
work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition
the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials
from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent
nor claim ownership over them.
ii
Most Essential Learning Competency
•
• Rewrite a vector in component form (STEM_GP12V- la-10)
1
Introduction
VECTOR COMPONENTS
2
Before we start our lesson,
try to answer these
five (5) questions below.
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Use a separate sheet for your
answer.
1. Which of the following shows the correct illustration of x-vector component and y-
vector component of a car with vector r displacement?
r
r x r y r y x
A. y B. x C. x D. y
2. If a bicycle has travelled a distance of 8km south from the garage. Find the
components of the car’s displacement.
A. dx = 0km; dy = 8km south C. dx = 8km east; dy = 0km
B. dx = 8km east; dy = 8km south D. dx = 0km; dy = 0km
3. A force of 80N is applied by a janitor on the handle of a mop hold 40⁰ with the floor.
How much force is pushing the mop across the floor?
A. 51 N B. 67 N C. 80 N D. 61 N
4. If you are to draw the components of a vector in question number 3, which of the
following shows the correct illustration of x-vector component and y-vector
component?
F=80N Fx F=80N
Fy
A A F=80N
Fx 40⁰ Fy
Fy 40⁰ 40⁰ 40⁰ A
Fx Fy Fx
F=80N
A. B. C. D.
A
5. A car moves 3m east and then turns 4m west. What is its resultant displacement?
A. 7 m east B. 7 m west C. 1 m east D. 1 m west
Do you think you were able to get all the correct answer? It’s okay if
you’re not yet sure with your answers. You may check your answers at the
answer key section. Don’t worry if you got a low score, it only means that you
will learn more from this module. So come on and let us start our adventure!
3
Learning Activities
Learning Activities
E L I C I T!
Before we start our lesson for this module, let’s review
first vector addition by answering the practical problem below.
Do not forget to show vector addition and draw resultant vector
with dotted line and arrow head.
Suppose you walked 10 meter east and 25 meters north. Then decided to
walk another 10 meters west. What is your total distance and your displacement?
E N G A G E!
Your ship sailed West from Baybay as the starting position to Camotes at a
speed of 4konts (kn) and sailed again South going to Talibon at a speed of
5knots(kn). Find the resultant speed if your ship sailed directly travelled from
Baybay to Talibon.
4
CAMOTES
90o
How did you solve for the resultant speed? Did you use
Pythagorean Theorem? (You may look at the answer keys to
check if your answer is correct.)
Take note that in the given activity, you calculated for
resultant vector. How about if the given are resultant vectors and
you are asked to find the magnitude of each component? What
method will be used? The succeeding explanation will teach how.
In your past lesson in Trigonometry, you were familiar with the mnemonic SOC
CAH TOA. This mnemonic device is used to help us remember the three basic trig
ratios in solving missing sides and angles in a right triangle. You will use this mnemonic
in finding the components of vectors. It is defined as:
5
E XPLORE
Activity 1: Finding components of vector
It is very important to understand the concept of vector components. Let us study
the illustration below.
In the figure, an object moved along a straight line
from the starting position to its final destination.
1. The displacement of the car is shown by the vector
R. It may opt to move due west and then due north
for its final destination. The displacement vectors
x and y are the other paths to arrive at the same
y R
final destination. These two vectors, x and y are
x called x-vector component and y-vector
component of R, respectively.
It can be seen from the illustration that vector R can be determined using Pythagorean
Theorem. This can be expressed in the vector equation below.
R= x2 + y2
This means that when vectors x and y are added using the above formula, the result is
the resultant vector R.
Now let us find the x-vector component and y-vector component of the given situation
above. To find for the x-vector component and y-vector component we will use our prior
knowledge on trigonometric functions specifically the mnemonics known as SOH CAH TOA.
First, identify which side is the opposite side (y-component), adjacent side (x-
component) and hypotenuse side (resultant vector). In solving for the x-vector component use
CAH which is defined as cos Ø = adjacent side/ hypotenuse side and then derive the equation
for x-vector component.
y= R (sin Ø )
= 50m (sin 23⁰)
= 50m (0.391)
= 19.6m
Therefore, the magnitude of x-vector component is equal to 46.1 m and the
magnitude of y–vector component is equal to 19.6m.
N N
2. 3.
30m @ 45⁰ N of E 130 m/s
W 25⁰
E W E
N
S N S
4. 5. W E
W E
79⁰
7
Guide Questions:
20o
E XPLAIN
We determine the magnitude of vectors components by using scale
diagram and by using simple trigonometric functions. Measuring a diagram offers only
very limited accuracy and calculations with right angles work only when two vectors
are perpendicular. So we need a simple but general method for adding vectors. This
is called the method of components
To define what we mean by the components of a vector, we begin with a
Cartesian coordinate system of axes. We then draw the vector we’re considering with
its tail at O, the origin of the coordinate system. We can represent any vector lying in
the xy-plane as the sum of a vector parallel to the x-axis and a vector parallel to the y-
axis. These two vectors are labelled Ax and Ay in the figure, they are called the
components vector of vector, and their vector sum is equal to A. In symbols,
A = Ax + Ay
We can calculate the components of the vector A if we know its magnitude A
8
and its direction. We’ll describe the direction of a
vector by its angle relative to some reference
direction. Equation 1 and equation 2 can be used to
calculate the components vector (Ax and Ay).
Some components may be positive and some
may be negative depending on how the vector is
oriented (that is what quadrant Ø lies in). You can
use this sign table as a check:
Equation 1 Equation 2
Quadrant I II III IV
Ax + _ _ +
Ay + + _ _
Now let’s see if you can calculate the components of the vector.
E LABORATE!
Now let us deepen our understanding about addition of vectors
using components.
A. Add the following vectors but first find the x-component and y-component of
each vector. Then draw the components of the given vectors and its resultant.
25 m
EXAMPLE 1 60⁰
12 m
50.4⁰
+ 30⁰
60
=
60 60
60
60
Ax = 12.5m Bx = 10.44 m 60 Rx = 22.94 m
Ay = 21.75m By = 6.0 m Ry = 27.75 m
R has a magnitude 36.0 m and is at an angle of 50.4⁰ above the positive x-axis.
9
First find the x and y components of A and B
= 10.44m = 6.0 m
10
1.
12m/s 12m/s
70⁰
+ =
Ax = Bx = Rx =
Ay = By = Ry =
2.
30m 130m
25⁰
45⁰
+ =
Ax = Bx = Rx =
Ay = By = Ry =
3.
+ 124⁰ =
18m
3m
Ax = Bx = Rx =
Ay = By = Ry =
11
E XTEND!
Now let us deep our understanding by answering the
following real problems
A. Solve the following problem. Show your illustration and complete solution.
12
Post-Test
E VALUATE!
1. Which of the following shows the correct illustration of a vector addition by
components
I. II. III . A. I only
B. II only
4-5. Use the given the illustration of two vectors below in answering question
number 4 and 5.
.
4. If the car travels 18km North and 12km at angle
of 20⁰ north of east, find the x and y components of
its displacement.
A. dx = 16.9km; dy= 4.1km
B. dx = 4.1km; dy= 16.9km
C. dx = 21.1km; dy=11.28km
d. dx = 11.28km; dy= 22.1km
5. What is the magnitude of its displacement and its angle above the positive
x-axis?
a. 24.8km; 63⁰ north of east c. 24.8km; 27⁰ north of east
b. 21.2 km; 63⁰ north of east d. 21.2 km; 27⁰ north of east
13
Vocabulary List
Answer Keys
ENGAGE
5km R2 = ( 5km)2 + (4km)2
= 25km2 + 16km2
4km R R= √ 41km2
= 6.4km
14
EXPLORE
4. Ax = A (cos Ø ) Ay = A (sin Ø )
= 77.4m/s2 (cos 79⁰) = 77.4m/s2 (sin 79⁰)
= 77.4m/s2 (0.191) = 77.4m/s2 (0.982)
= 14.8m/s2 = 76.0 m/s2
5. Ax = A (cos Ø ) Ay = A (sin Ø )
= 12.0m (cos 60⁰) = 12.0m (sin 60⁰)
= 12.0m (0.5) = 12.0m (0.866)
= 6.0m = 10.39m
ELABORATE
1.
Ax = 12m/s Ay = 0m/s Bx = B (cos Ø ) By = B (cos Ø )
= 12m/s (cos 70⁰) = 12m/s (sin 70⁰)
= 12m/s (0.34) = 12m/s (0.94)
= 4.1m/s = 11.28 m/s
15
Rx = Ax + Bx Ry = Ay + By
= 12m/s + 4.1m/s = 0m/s + 11.28 m/s
Rx = 16.1 m/s Ry = 11.28m/s
𝑅𝑦⁄ 11.28𝑚/𝑠
tan Ø = 𝑅𝑥 = ⁄16.1𝑚/𝑠 = 0.7
-1
tan (0.7) = 35⁰ North of East
2.
Ax = A (cos Ø ) Ay= A (sin Ø ) Bx = B (cos Ø ) By = B (cos Ø )
= 30m (cos 45⁰) = 30m (sin 45⁰) = 130m (cos 25⁰) = 130m (sin 25⁰)
= 30m (0.71) = 30m (0.71) = 130m (0.91) = 130m (0.42)
= 21.3m = 21.3 m = 118m = 54.6 m
Rx = Ax + Bx Ry = Ay + By
= 21.m + 118m = 21.3m + 54.6m
Rx = 139 m Ry = 75.9m
𝑅𝑦
tan Ø = ⁄𝑅𝑥 = 75.9𝑚⁄139𝑚 = 0.55
tan -1 (0.55) = 29⁰ North of East
3.
Ax = 0 Ay= -3m Bx = B (cos Ø ) By = B (cos Ø )
= 18m (cos 124⁰) = 18m (sin 124⁰)
= 18m (-0.6) = 18m (0.83)
Rx = Ax + Bx = R-10.8m
y = Ay + By = 14.9 m
16
= 0m + (-10.8m) = -3m + 14.9m
Rx = -10.8 m Ry = 11.9m
𝑅𝑦
tan Ø = ⁄𝑅𝑥 = 11.9𝑚⁄−10.8𝑚 = -1.1
tan -1 (-1.1) = - 48⁰ or 48⁰ North of West
EXTEND
1. Fx = F (cos Ø ) Fy = F (sin Ø )
= 12000N (cos 15⁰) = 12000N (sin 15⁰)
= 12000N (0.966) = 12000N (0.259)
= 11,592N = 3,108N
2. Vx = V (sin Ø )
70 km/h = V (cos 35⁰)
V = 70 km/h
(0.819)
V = 85.47 km/h
4. Ax=0 Ay = 6.0kn
Bx= 0.5kn By = 0kn
Cx= 3kn (cos 225) Cy= 3kn (sin 225)
= 3kn (-0.71) = 3kn (-0.71)
= -2.13kn = -2.13kn
17
R= √ (-1.6kn)2 + (3.9kn)2
= 4.2 kn is the magnitude of the resultant velocity
tanØ = 3.9kn / -1.6kn = -2.4
tan -1 (-2.4) = - 67⁰ or 67 North of West
B= 0.5kn East
C= 3kn southwest
A= 6kn North
1. D
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. A
18
References
http://www.linfield.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/VectorAdditionWorksheet.pdf
https://physics.info/vector-addition/worksheet-addition.pdf
https://lhsblogs.typepad.com/files/wkst-vector_addition-change.pdf
https://www.teachengineering.org/activities/view/cub_navigation_lesson02_activity1
https://www.123rf.com/photo_94496137_stock-vector-airplane-taking-off-icon-vector-
illustration-design-.html
https://lhsblogs.typepad.com/files/wkst-vector_addition-change.pdf
Beiser, Arthur. Modern Technical Physics. 6th Edition.1992. Echanis Press Inc. 760
BoniAve., Mandaluong City
Caintic, Helen E. 2017. General Physics 1 for Senior High School. First Edition. C & E
Publishing, Inc.
Young, Hugh D. and Freedman, Roger A. Universoty Physics wih Modern Physics11th
Edition. 2004. Pearson EducationInc., Addision Wesley, 1301Sansome St., San
Francisco CA 9411
19