Digital Signal Processing

Written Assignments

FFT

1. Explain Radix-2 DIT-FFT algorithm with N = 8. Comment on number of

complex multiplication and addition.

2. Explain Radix-2 DIF-FFT algorithm with N = 8. Comment on number of

complex multiplication and addition.

3. Compute the DFT of the sequence x(n) = [1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1] using DIT-
FFT algorithm. Draw the flow graph indicating the intermediate values.

4. Compute the DFT of the sequence x(n) = [0.707, 1, 0.707, 0, -0.707, -1,
-0.707,0] using DIT-FFT algorithm. Draw the flow graph indicating the
intermediate values.

5. Compute the DFT of the sequence x(n) = [1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0] using DIT-FFT

algorithm. Draw the flow graph indicating the intermediate values.

6. Find the DFT of the sequence x(n) = [1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1] using DIF-FFT

algorithm. Using this result obtain the DFT of the sequence y(n) =
[1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1].

7. Given x(n) = n + 1 and N = 8; Find X(k) using DIF-FFT algorithm.

8. Using Radix-2 DIF-FFT algorithm, compute the IDFT. Given that X(k) is
X(0) = 4 X(1) = 1 – j 2.414, X(2) = 0, X(3) = 1 – j 0.414, X(4) = 0, X(5) = 1 +
j 0.414, X(6) = 0, X(7) = 1 + j 2.414.

IIR FILTER STRUCTURES

9. Realize the following system functions using Direct form-I, Direct form-II
and CSOS / PSOS
[Each of the following problems may be asked for 10 Marks]
i) H(z) = [(z + 0.8)(z – 0.3)] / [(z2 + 0.5z + 0.2)(z2 + 0.6z + 0.1)]
ii) H(z) = [(z2 + 0.5z +1)(z + 0.6)] / [(z2 + 0.6z + 0.2)(z – 0.8)]
iii) H(z) = [(1 – 0.25z-1)(z-2 – 5z-1 + 6)] / [(z-2 – 2z-1 + 2.5)(1 – 0.75z-1)]
iv) H(z) = [z(0.5z – 0.8)] / [(z + 1)(z2 + 0.5z + 0.4)]
v) H(z) = [(z-2 + z-1 + 1) / (z2 – 1)] + [(z-1 + 1) / (z-2 + 2z-1 + 2)]
vi) H(z) = [z(z – 1)] / [z2 + z + 1]
vii)H(z) = [0.8 / (1 + 0.2z-1 + z-2)] + [1.0 / (1 – 0.5z-1 + z-2)]
viii) Implement the following filter using parallel as well as series
combination of first/second order filter sections.
 H(z) = z[1 + z-1 + (1 + z-1) / (1 – z-1 + z-2)]

FIR FILTER DESIGN & STRUCTURE

10. Explain the realization of a linear phase FIR filter

11. Explain the direct form and cascade form of realization of an FIR filter.

12. Implement the frequency sampling structure for the following impulse
responses.
i) h(n) = 0.5(n) + (n-1) + 0.5(n-2)
ii) h(n) = 2(n) + 0.5(n-1) + 0.5(n-7)
iii) h(n) = (n) + 2(n-1) + (n-2)
iv) h(n) = (n) + 0.5(n-1) – 0.25(n-2) + 0.5(n-3) + (n-4)

13. Realize the following impulse response using frequency-sampling technique.

h(n) = (n) + (n-1) + 0.5(n-2) + (n-3) + (n-4).

14. Obtain the frequency sampling structure of linear phase FIR filter having
symmetric response for N even and odd.

15. Explain frequency-sampling design technique for the realization of FIR

filters.
16. Design a FIR filter using frequency-sampling technique to meet the following
requirements, and realize.
i) H(k) = 1 for k = -1, 0, 1; and H(k) = 0 for all other k.
Where H(k) is the filter DFT with N = 16.
ii) H(k) = 1 for k = 0; H(k) = 0.2 for k = -1 and +1; H(k) = 0 for all other k.
Where H(k) is the filter DFT with N = 32.

17. Design an ideal FIR low pass filter with a cutoff frequency of /2 radians,
using frequency sampling technique. Assume 11 tap coefficients.

18. Design an ideal linear phase FIR filter with the following specification, using
frequency-sampling technique. Hd(ejw) = e-j5w; for 0w/2 and Hd(ejw) =
0; for /2  w.

19. Design an ideal bandpass FIR filter with cutoff frequencies /6 and /3 using
frequency sampling technique. Assume 25 tap coefficients.

20. Explain with suitable illustrations the design of linear phase FIR filters using
windows.
 FIR FILTER DESIGN USING WINDOWS

21. Design an ideal FIR low pass filter with a cutoff frequency of /2 radians,
using Hamming / Hanning / Bartlett / Rectangular / Blackman / Kaiser
window. Assume 25 tap coefficients.

22. Design an ideal linear phase FIR filter with the following specification, using
Hamming / Hanning / Bartlett / Rectangular / Blackman / Kaiser window.
Hd(ejw) = e-j12w; for -/2  w /2 and H d(ejw) = 0; for /2 
w.

23. Design the filter with the following specification using Hamming / Hanning /
Bartlett / Blackman / Rectangular / Kaiser window.
Hd(ejw) = e-5jw; for /6 w  /2 and Hd(ejw) = 0; elsewhere.

24. Explain Gibb’s Phenomenon in FIR filters. How can it be reduced?

25. Design the bandpass FIR filter, the desired frequency response is
Hd(ejw) = e-jw ; wc1  w  wc2  ;
=0 ; otherwise.
Where  = 4 , wc1 = 1 rad/sec, wc2 = 3rad/sec. Use Hamming window.

26. Design an FIR linear phase lowpass filter using windows to meet the
following specifications.
0.99 < H(ejw)  1.01; for 0  w  0.19
H(ejw)  0.01; for 0.21  w .

27. Design a lowpass filter using windows that will have 3 dB cutoff at 30
rad/sec and an attenuation of 50 dB at 45 rad/sec. The filter is required to
have linear phase characteristics and the system employs a sampling
frequency of 100 Hz.

28. Determine the parameters of FIR filter which has the following specifications,
wp = 0.2 rad, ws= 0.3 rad and stopband attenuation is 50 dB. Use
Hamming window.

29. The desired amplitude response of a certain FIR filter with linear phase is
H(ejw) =1; for 0  f  500 Hz
H(ejw) = 0; elsewhere
The sampling frequency fs = 2 kHz and the impulse response is to be 30 mSec
long. Using a rectangular window determine impulse response h(n). Modify
the design using Hamming window.

30. Design a FIR lowpass filter with linear phase property using Kaiser window
to meet the following specifications, wp = 0.3 rad , ws = 0.5 rad and
stopband attenuation = 40 dB.
 IIR FILTER DESIGN

31. A lowpass filter specification is given as

Passband: 0  H(ej)dB  -1 0    20 rad/sec
Stopband: H(ej)dB  -60   200 rad/sec.
Let sampling period be = 0.01 sec.
a) Determine the prewarped filter specification.
b) Design a suitable Butterworth / Schebychev filter to meet the
prewarped filter specification.
c) Obtain H(z) using Bilinear transformation technique.

32. Design and realize a Butterworth / Schebychev lowpass digital filter whose
Passband magnitude is to be constant within 1 dB for frequencies below 0.2
rad/sec and stopband attenuation is to be greater than 15 dB for frequencies
above 0.3 rad/sec.

33. Design using bilinear transformation technique, a lowpass filter for the
following specifications.
H(j)  -1 dB 0  w  100 rad/sec
H(j)  -40 dB w  2000 rad/sec.
Sampling frequency = 8000 rad/sec. Realize the filter structure.

34. Design a lowpass Butterworth / Schebychev digital filter for the following
specifications.
H(j)  -0.5 dB 0  w  50 rad/sec
H(j)  -50 dB w  500 rad/sec.
Assume the sampling frequency to be 4k rad/sec. Realize the filter using
suitable structure.

35. Realize a digital Butterworth / Chebycheff filter for the following

specification. The sampling frequency is 1000 rad/sec. Use Impulse
invariance / Bilinear transformation.
H(j)  -2 dB 0  w  10 rad/sec
H(j)  -50 dB w  100 rad/sec.

36. A lowpass filter specification is given as

Passband: -1  H(j)dB  0 for 0  w  10 rad/sec
Stopband: H(j)dB  -10 w  50 rad/sec.
a) Determine a suitable Butterworth / Schebychev filter to satisfy the
above requirements.
b) Convert the above filter to a digital filter using Impulse
invariance / Bilinear transformation technique.
37. Design a suitable digital filter to meet the following specifications. Use
Impulse Invariance / Bilinear transformation technique. Sampling frequency =
40k rad/sec.
H(j)  -2 dB 0  w  1k rad/sec
H(j)  -50 dB w  10k rad/sec.

38. A lowpass filter is to have magnitude response constant within 1 dB in the

frequency range 0 to 100 Hz. Response should fall monotonically to less than
–15 dB at frequency of 150 Hz. Design a digital filter to meet the above
specifications. Sampling rate = 1 mSec. Realize the filter.

39. What is frequency warping? How it is compensated using bilinear

transformation to digitize an analog filter?

40. A third ordered Butterworth / Schebychev lowpass filter with 3 dB frequency

of 5k Hz is to be realized using digital system. The sampling period is 10
sec. Realize the filter using Impulse Invariance / Bilinear transformation
technique.

41. A third ordered Butterworth / Schebychev lowpass filter with 3 dB frequency

of 5k Hz is to be realized using digital system. The sampling period is 10
sec. Realize the filter using Bilinear Transformation/Impulse Invariance
technique.

42. A second ordered Butterworth / Schebychev lowpass filter with 3 dB

frequency of 2k Hz is to be realized using digital system. The sampling
frequency is 20k Hz. Realize the filter using Impulse Invariance / Bilinear
transformation technique.

43. A second ordered Butterworth / Schebychev lowpass filter with 3 dB

frequency of 2k Hz is to be realized using digital system. The sampling
frequency is 20k Hz. Realize the filter using Impulse invariance / Bilinear
Transformation technique.

44. A third ordered Butterworth / Schebychev lowpass filter with 3 dB frequency

of 1k Hz is to be realized using digital system. The sampling frequency is 12k
Hz. Realize the filter using Impulse Invariance / Bilinear transformation
technique.

45. A third ordered Butterworth / Schebychev lowpass filter with 3 dB frequency

of 1k Hz is to be realized using digital system. The sampling frequency is 12k
Hz. Realize the filter using Impulse invariance / Bilinear Transformation
technique.
46. A band pass digital filter is required to meet the following specifications.
(i) Complete signal rejection at dc and 200 Hz
(ii) A narrow pass band centered at 100 Hz
(iii) A 3 dB bandwidth of 10 Hz.
With necessary explanation, using pole-zero placement technique, obtain the
transfer function of the filter, difference equation and realization of the filter.
Assume a sampling frequency of 600 Hz.

47. With necessary explanation, obtain by the pole-zero placement method, the
transfer function, the difference equation and realization of a digital notch
filter to meet the following specifications.
Notch frequency = 50 Hz
3 dB width of notch =  5 Hz
Sampling frequency = 500 Hz