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Subject - Computer Graphics (22318) Unit 1 (Topic 1) - by Nitin Pawar Sir

This document provides an introduction to computer graphics. It discusses key concepts like pixels, resolution, bitmap and vector graphics. The document explains that computer graphics deals with generating digital images and representing objects as collections of pixels. It also describes the basic graphics pipeline which involves transforming objects through various stages until they are rendered on a display device. Finally, some common applications of computer graphics like CAD, GIS, image processing and medical imaging are listed.

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103 views27 pages

Subject - Computer Graphics (22318) Unit 1 (Topic 1) - by Nitin Pawar Sir

This document provides an introduction to computer graphics. It discusses key concepts like pixels, resolution, bitmap and vector graphics. The document explains that computer graphics deals with generating digital images and representing objects as collections of pixels. It also describes the basic graphics pipeline which involves transforming objects through various stages until they are rendered on a display device. Finally, some common applications of computer graphics like CAD, GIS, image processing and medical imaging are listed.

Uploaded by

Durvankur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Subject - Computer Graphics

(22318)
Unit 1 (Topic 1)

- By Nitin Pawar Sir


U – I Basics of Computer Graphics

 1.1 Introduction
 1.2 Display Devices
 1.3 Output Primitives
 1.4 Graphics Standards
 1.5 Latest Trends in Computer Graphics
1.1 Introduction
 1.1.1 Image and Object
 1.1.2 Pixel and Resolution
 1.1.3 Text Mode and Graphics Mode
 1.1.4 Basic Graphics Pipeline
 1.1.5 Bitmap and Vector-based Graphics
 1.1.6 Applications of CG
Introduction....
 Computer Graphics is the
branch of computer science that
deals with generating images with
the aid of computers.
 CG displays information in the
form of graphics objects as
windows, graphs, diagrams etc.
CG express data in pictorial
form.
 In CG, objects are represented
as collection of pixels, where
pixel is smallest addressable
point which can be displayed on
screen.
Introduction....
 Definition – “CG is a subfield of computer science and is concerned with
digitally synthesizing and manipulating visual content.”
OR
 Definition – “It is the use of computers to create and manipulate pictures
on a display device. It comprises of software techniques to create, store,
modify, represents pictures.”
Introduction....
A broad classification of major subfields in
CG might be:
- Geometry
- Animation
- Rendering
- Imaging
1.1.1 Image and Object
 Image – “An image is
basically representation of
a real world object on a
computer”
- Images are made up of
pixels

 Object – “Objects are real


world entities defined in
two or three dimensional
world coordinates”
1.1.2 Pixel and Resolution
 Pixel - A smallest addressable image element on a screen.
Pixel stands for picture element.
- CRT - Color triad (RGB phosphor dots)
- LCD - Single color element
1.1.2....
 Pitch - Size of a pixel, distance from center to center of
individual pixels.
1.1.2....
 Resolution – Screen resolution measure of number of
pixels on a screen (x by y)….
x - Horizontal screen resolution
y - Vertical screen resolution
e.g. 640 x 480, 1024 x 768 etc
1.1.3 Text Mode and Graphics Mode
1.1.3....
 Text Mode Graphics Function
- window()
- putch()
- clrscr()
- gotoxy()
- puts()
- textcolor() etc....
1.1.3....
 Graphics Mode – It is a computer display mode that displays
image using pixels. In GM, display screen is treated as an array of
pixels.
 Graphics Mode Functions
- initgraph()
- closegraph()
Graphics Mode Functions(Shapes) Graphics Mode Functions(Colors)
- lineto() - setcolor()
- line() - setfillstyle
- circle() - setlinestyle()
- rectangle() - fillpoly ()
- ellipse()
- drawpoly() etc....
1.1.3....
1.1.3....
1.1.4 Basic Graphics Pipeline

 In CG, the graphics pipeline refers to a series of


interconnected stages through which data and
commands related to a scene go through during
rendering process.

 It takes up mathematical description of an object to its


representation on the device.

 Figure shown below,


1.1.4....
1.1.4....
 The mapping of an object to a graphics device requires the
transformation of view plane co-ordinates to physical device co-
ordinates.
1.1.4....
1.1.5 Bitmap and Vector Based
Graphics
 CG, can be classified, into two categories namely,
Raster or Bitmap Graphics and Vector Graphics
 1. Bitmap Graphics or Raster Graphics
- It is a pixel based graphics and Its images made up of
pixels in a grid
- Images are resolution dependent and edited at pixel
level

- Following figure shows Bitmap arrow image in its actual


size and magnified image with pixel grid.
1.1.5....
1.1.5....
 II. Vector Graphics
- Images are mathematical based images
- Unlike bitmaps,Vector Images are not based on pixel
patterns
- Using mathematical formulas to draw lines and curves
that can be combined to create an image.

- Following figure shows Bitmap image and Vector images,


1.1.5....
1.1.5....
1.1.6....
 Applications of CG
- CAD/CADD
- Geographical Information System (GIS)
- Desktop Publishing (DTP)
- GUI
- Digital Art, Entertainment, Image Processing
- Education and training
- Presentation and Engg. Graphics
- Medical applications
- Communication and simulation etc.
Thank You.....

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